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'''Turaiha (Turai)''' is a | '''Turaiha (Turai)''' is a Tomar Rajput Hindu [[Indian caste system|caste]], mostly found in Northern Indian states of United Province, Delhi, Bihar, Bengal and Maharashtra. Main population of Turaiha depends on vegetable & business. In [[Rohilkhand]] they known as Turai, Turaha and Turahiya. As similar they found Agra, Gorakhpur, [[Padrauna (kushinagar)]] [[Meerut]], [[Shahjahanpur]], [[Moradabad]], Oudh and Benares divisions of United Province.<ref>As described by W. Crooke 1896{{where|date=August 2012}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The synonyms of Turaiha people are Turi,<ref>Census of India 1961 , Appendices to census manual- part 1 Uttar Pradesh , issued by superintendent census operations Uttar Pradesh Lucknow (September 1960 ) में अनुसूचित जाति Name of Scheduled castes के सम्मुख Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है। जिसके क्रमांक 63 पर Shilpkar अनुसूचित जाति के सामने उसकी Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है। क्रमांक 64 पर Turaiha अनुसूचित जाति का उल्लेख है -Turaiha . . „ (Symbol „ means The ditto mark ( „ ) is a typographic symbol indicating that the word(s) or figure(s) above its are to be repeated or same as above ) | The synonyms of Turaiha people are Turi,<ref>Census of India 1961 , Appendices to census manual- part 1 Uttar Pradesh , issued by superintendent census operations Uttar Pradesh Lucknow (September 1960 ) में अनुसूचित जाति Name of Scheduled castes के सम्मुख Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है। जिसके क्रमांक 63 पर Shilpkar अनुसूचित जाति के सामने उसकी Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है। क्रमांक 64 पर Turaiha अनुसूचित जाति का उल्लेख है -Turaiha . . „ (Symbol „ means The ditto mark ( „ ) is a typographic symbol indicating that the word(s) or figure(s) above its are to be repeated or same as above ) | ||
इस प्रकार से Shilpkar अनुसूचित जाति के सामने जो उसकी Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है वही हु बहु Turaiha अनुसूचित जाति की Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name है। जिसमे Turi Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है। | इस प्रकार से Shilpkar अनुसूचित जाति के सामने जो उसकी Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है वही हु बहु Turaiha अनुसूचित जाति की Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name है। जिसमे Turi Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है। | ||
</ref> Toriya, Turai, Turahiya, Turha or Turaha<ref>W. Crooke - An ethnographical handbook for North Western Province & Oudh 1890, Page Number 195( 1890 में William Crooke द्वारा लिखित किताब An Ethnographical Hand-Book for the North-Western Provinces & Oudh के page no. 195 में Turi के Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है जो की Toriya, Turai, Turha or Turaha हैं।)</ref> and Turaiya, | </ref> Toriya, Turai, Turahiya, Turha or Turaha<ref>W. Crooke - An ethnographical handbook for North Western Province & Oudh 1890, Page Number 195( 1890 में William Crooke द्वारा लिखित किताब An Ethnographical Hand-Book for the North-Western Provinces & Oudh के page no. 195 में Turi के Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है जो की Toriya, Turai, Turha or Turaha हैं।)</ref> and Turaiya ,where they are, they usually engaged in fishing, cultivational and fruit selling job. In Gorakhpur and Benares divisions of United Province, they also grow vegetables, take fruit gardens . Turaiha community is near to [[Bhil]] tribe and also treated as ''[[Dheevara (caste)|Dheevara]]'' .<ref>E.J. Kitts, in their compendium of Tribe & Castes of India: 1885</ref> They worship Sun god and Chaat mai for their Happiness. They are growing are moving towards the economically stable condition. There is also a small community of Turai people in Sangli, Maharashtra. | ||
==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
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==Belief== | ==Belief== | ||
The Turaiha are Hindu. They belong to Shiva and Baghwat Sects. Their deities are siloman Baba, Amna Bhawani, Biratiya, Bhairo, Pancho Peer, Ghatoria Baba, Maadho Baba and Kalu Dev. They follows themselves to Guru Machchhendar Nath. They accept ''Mata [[Shabari]]'' and ''Veer ''[[Eklavya]] as their ancestors and regards them to frame their pictures in their houses. They celebrate their main festival in the month of Sawan held on last Saturday with offering seven chief grains (Wheat, Rice, Gram, Urd, Barley, Peas and Til) with Bread and Kheer [[(Jenar)]]. Many people scarifie goats to ''Sanichar Raja [[(Sanichara Baba)]] [[(Kalaiyan Baba)]] (Kalu Baba)''. ''Sanichar Raja (Kalu Baba)[[(Kalaiyan Baba)]]'' is the chief deity [[(kul Devta)]] of Turaihas. They have an impermanent ''panchayat'' which consists of the whole ''biradari''. The ''Chaudhri'' presides and act as the executive officer of the community. Stern action is taken against anyone who fails to obey the ''panchayat'' which does not hesitate to order ''Hukka-Pani band''. | The Turaiha are Hindu. They belong to Shiva and Baghwat Sects. Their deities are siloman{{typo help inline|reason=similar to soliman|date=March 2023}} Baba, Amna Bhawani, Biratiya, Bhairo, Pancho Peer, Ghatoria Baba, Maadho Baba and Kalu Dev. They follows themselves to Guru Machchhendar Nath. They accept ''Mata [[Shabari]]'' and ''Veer ''[[Eklavya]] as their ancestors and regards them to frame their pictures in their houses. They celebrate their main festival in the month of Sawan held on last Saturday with offering seven chief grains (Wheat, Rice, Gram, Urd, Barley, Peas and Til) with Bread and Kheer [[(Jenar)]]. Many people scarifie goats to ''Sanichar Raja [[(Sanichara Baba)]] [[(Kalaiyan Baba)]] (Kalu Baba)''. ''Sanichar Raja (Kalu Baba)[[(Kalaiyan Baba)]]'' is the chief deity [[(kul Devta)]] of Turaihas. They have an impermanent ''panchayat'' which consists of the whole ''biradari''. The ''Chaudhri'' presides and act as the executive officer of the community. Stern action is taken against anyone who fails to obey the ''panchayat'' which does not hesitate to order ''Hukka-Pani band''. | ||
==Contemporary problems== | ==Contemporary problems== | ||
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*{{cite book |title=A compendium of the castes and tribes found in India |last=Kitts |first=Eustace J. |year=1885 |publisher=Education Society's Press |oclc=221519543 }} | *{{cite book |title=A compendium of the castes and tribes found in India |last=Kitts |first=Eustace J. |year=1885 |publisher=Education Society's Press |oclc=221519543 }} | ||
*{{cite book |title=Hindu castes and sects: an exposition of the origin of the Hindu caste system and the bearing of the sects towards each other and towards other religious systems |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jogendra Nath |author-link=Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya |year=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |oclc=11383590 }} | *{{cite book |title=Hindu castes and sects: an exposition of the origin of the Hindu caste system and the bearing of the sects towards each other and towards other religious systems |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jogendra Nath |author-link=Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya |year=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |oclc=11383590 }} | ||
*{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1931, vol. XVIII. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Part I |last=Turner |first=A. C. |year=1933 |publisher=The Superintendent, Printing and | *{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1931, vol. XVIII. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Part I |last=Turner |first=A. C. |year=1933 |publisher=The Superintendent, Printing and stationery, United Provinces |oclc=79175745 }} | ||
*{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rampur State |year=1911 |publisher=W.C. Abel, Govt. Press, United Provinces |oclc=15933577 }} | *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rampur State |year=1911 |publisher=W.C. Abel, Govt. Press, United Provinces |oclc=15933577 }} | ||
*{{cite book |title=A glossary of the tribes & castes of the Punjab & North-west frontier province |last=Rose |first=H. A. |year=1911 |publisher=Superintendent, government printing, Punjab |oclc=63616288 }} | *{{cite book |title=A glossary of the tribes & castes of the Punjab & North-west frontier province |last=Rose |first=H. A. |year=1911 |publisher=Superintendent, government printing, Punjab |oclc=63616288 }} | ||