Maratha invasions of Bengal: Difference between revisions

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The '''Maratha invasions of Bengal''' (1741-1751),<ref>{{cite book|last=McLane|first=John R.|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal|date=2002|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=9780521526548|page=166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&pg=PA166|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jaques|first1=Tony|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|date=2007|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=9780313335389|page=516|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA516|language=en}}</ref> also known as the '''Maratha expeditions in Bengal''', refers to the frequent invasions by the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha forces]] in the [[Bengal Subah]] ([[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], parts of modern [[Odisha|Orissa]]), after their successful campaign in the [[Carnatic region]] at the [[Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)|Battle of Trichinopoly]]. The leader of the expedition was [[Maratha]] [[Maharaja]] [[Raghoji Bhonsle]] of [[Nagpur Kingdom|Nagpur]].<ref>SNHM. Vol. II, pp.&nbsp;209, 224.</ref> The Marathas invaded Bengal six times from August 1741 to May 1751. [[Nawab]] [[Alivardi Khan]] succeeded in resisting all the invasions in western Bengal, however, the frequent Maratha invasions caused great destruction in the western Bengal Subah, resulting in heavy civilian casualties and widespread economic losses.
The '''Maratha invasions of Bengal''' (1741-1751),<ref>{{cite book|last=McLane|first=John R.|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal|date=2002|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=9780521526548|page=166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&pg=PA166|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jaques|first1=Tony|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|date=2007|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=9780313335389|page=516|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA516|language=en}}</ref> also known as the '''Maratha expeditions in Bengal''', refers to the frequent invasions by the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha forces]] in the [[Bengal Subah]] ([[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], parts of modern [[Odisha|Orissa]]), after their successful campaign in the [[Carnatic region]] at the [[Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)|Battle of Trichinopoly]]. The leader of the expedition was [[Maratha]] [[Maharaja]] [[Raghoji Bhonsle]] of [[Nagpur Kingdom|Nagpur]].<ref>SNHM. Vol. II, pp.&nbsp;209, 224.</ref> The Marathas invaded Bengal six times from August 1741 to May 1751. [[Nawab]] [[Alivardi Khan]] succeeded in resisting all the invasions in western Bengal, however, the frequent Maratha invasions caused great destruction in the western Bengal Subah, resulting in heavy civilian casualties and widespread economic losses.
 
== List of Battles ==
{{expansion|date= september 2023}}
List of battles fought between the Maratha empire and the Bengal Subah.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:orange;"|
<span style="colour: white">Name Of Conflict (Time) </span>
! style="background:orange;"|<span style="colour: white">Maratha commander</span>
! style="background:orange;"|<span style="colour: white>Bengal commander</span>
! style="background:orange;width: 320px;"| <span style="colour:white">Outcome</span>
|-
|First Battle of Midnapur (1742)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar]]{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Mir Habib]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> • The Bengal forces defeated the Maratha forces and they were driven from Orissa beyond the [[Chilka lake]].{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=79|}}
|-
|Battle of Birbhum (1743)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Raghoji]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Balaji Rao]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> • The Maratha forces under Raghoji compelled to leave Bengal.{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=86}}
|-
|[[First Battle of Katwa]] (1744)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar]]{{assassinated}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}Alibhai Qarawwal{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Mir Habib]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> • Maratha forces retreated.{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=90-92}}
|-
|Battle of Champanager (1745)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Raghoji]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> • Alivardi Khan with 600 men defeated Raghoji who had over 6000 men.{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=98}}
|-
|[[Second Battle of Katwa]] (1745)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Raghoji]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Mir Habib]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> • Maratha retreat
|-
|Second Battle of Midnapur (1746)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}Sayyid Nur
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Mir Jafar Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> • Family of [[Mir Habib]] taken as prisoners.{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=100-101}}
|-
|[[Battle of Burdwan]] (1747)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Nagpur Kingdom|Janoji Bhonsale]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=101-102}}
|-
|Battle of Ranisarai (1748)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Nagpur Kingdom|Janoji Bhonsale]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Mir Habib]]<br>Shamsir Khan
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> Alivardi Khan defeated combined Afghan and Maratha forces.{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=105}}
|-
|Third Battle of Midnapur (1749)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Mir Habib]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}Dost Muhammad Khan<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}Mir Qasim Khan
|'''Bengal Victory'''{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=106-107}}
|-
|Battle of Cuttack (1749)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}Nilla Pundit{{POW}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=107}}
|-
|Siege of Barabati (1749)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}Sayyid Nur{{surrender}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}Dharmadas Hazari{{Surrendered}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}Sarandaz Khan{{KIA}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Alivardi Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> • Fort surrendered to Nawab<br> • Orissa recovered.{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=107-108}}
|-
|Fourth Battle of Midnapur (1750)
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}}[[Mir Habib]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}}[[Mir Jafar Khan]]
|'''Bengal Victory'''<br> • Mir Habib retreated to Jungle.{{sfn|Datta|1963|p=113}}
|}
===Later conflicts===
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Kalikinkar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Tk7RAAAAMAAJ |title=Alivardi and His Times |date=1963 |publisher=World Press |language=en}}
* [http://www.indhistory.com/maratha-bengal.html Marathas in Bengal]


== Invasions of Bengal ==
== Invasions of Bengal ==
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