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{{short description|Administrative division in India and Pakistan}} | {{short description|Administrative division in India and Pakistan}} | ||
{{redirect2|Taluk|Mandal||Taluk, Iran|and|Mandal (disambiguation)}} | {{redirect2|Taluk|Mandal||Taluk, Iran|and|Mandal (disambiguation)}} | ||
A '''tehsil''' ({{IPA-hi|təɦsiːl}}, also known as '''tahsil''', '''taluka''' or '''taluk''') is a local unit of [[administrative division]] in some | A '''tehsil''' ({{IPA-hi|təɦsiːl}}, also known as '''tahsil''', '''taluka''', or '''taluk''') is a local unit of [[administrative division]] in some countries of the [[Indian subcontinent]] that is usually translated to "[[township]]".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bureau |first1=Our |title=Five satellite towns to decongest Bangalore |url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/five-satellite-towns-to-decongest-bangalore-106050301034_1.html |website=Business Standard India |access-date=12 October 2021 |date=3 May 2006}}</ref> It is a subdistrict of the area within a [[District#India|district]] including the designated [[city]], [[town]], [[hamlet (place)#India|hamlet]], or other [[human settlement|populated place]] that serves as its administrative centre, with possible additional towns, and usually a number of [[village#South_Asia|village]]s.<ref>{{Oxford Dictionaries|tehsil}}</ref> The terms in [[India]] have replaced earlier [[human geography|geographical]] terms, such as ''[[pargana]]'' (''[[pergunnah]]'') and ''[[thana]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJrDCgAAQBAJ&q=Why+did+tehsil+replace+pargana&pg=PA343|title=Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development: Volume 1: Regional Resources|first1=Ashok K.|last1=Dutt|first2=Allen G.|last2=Noble|first3=Frank J.|last3=Costa|first4=Sudhir K.|last4=Thakur|first5=Rajiv|last5=Thakur|first6=Hari S.|last6=Sharma|date=15 October 2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789401797719|via=Google Books}}</ref> | ||
In [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] and [[List of mandals of Telangana|Telangana]], a newer unit called '''mandal''' (circle) has come to replace the system of tehsils. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the '''panchayat''' system.<ref name="Balakrishnan2007">{{citation|author=Rajiv Balakrishnan|title=Participatory Pathways: People's Participation in Development Initiatives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chvak7Vu9xYC&pg=PA65|year=2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-0034-1|pages=65–}}</ref> In West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, [[Community development block in India|community development blocks]] are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils. | In [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] and [[List of mandals of Telangana|Telangana]], a newer unit called '''mandal''' (circle) has come to replace the system of tehsils. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the '''panchayat''' system.<ref name="Balakrishnan2007">{{citation|author=Rajiv Balakrishnan|title=Participatory Pathways: People's Participation in Development Initiatives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chvak7Vu9xYC&pg=PA65|year=2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-0034-1|pages=65–}}</ref> In West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, [[Community development block in India|community development blocks]] are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils. | ||
As an entity of [[local government]], the tehsil office ([[panchayat samiti]]) exercises certain [[finance|fiscal]] and [[public administration|administrative]] power over the | As an entity of [[local government]], the tehsil office ([[panchayat samiti]]) exercises certain [[finance|fiscal]] and [[public administration|administrative]] power over the villages and [[municipality|municipalities]] within its jurisdiction. It is the ultimate executive agency for [[Deed|land records]] and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the ''[[tehsildar]]'' or, less officially, the ''talukdar'' or ''taluka muktiarkar''. Taluk or tehsil can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with "blocks" (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sharma, A. K.|year=2012|title=Population and Society|location=New Delhi|publisher=Concept Publishing Company| page=53| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sE-VDhEuxmsC&pg=PA53|isbn=978-81-8069-818-7 | quote = The main purpose of the census is to provide data on size and composition of population of India and its geographic divisions, i.e., population of different states and union territories, districts, blocks and villages.}}</ref> | ||
Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as [[revenue block]]s, the two are distinct. For example, [[Raipur district]] in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Rahman, Syed Amanur|year=2006|title=The Beautiful India: Chhatisgarh|location=New Delhi|publisher=Reference Press|page=34]|isbn=978-81-8405-017-2}}</ref> Nevertheless, the two are often conflated. | Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as [[revenue block]]s, the two are distinct. For example, [[Raipur district]] in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Rahman, Syed Amanur|year=2006|title=The Beautiful India: Chhatisgarh|location=New Delhi|publisher=Reference Press|page=34]|isbn=978-81-8405-017-2}}</ref> Nevertheless, the two are often conflated. | ||
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==Nomenclature== | ==Nomenclature== | ||
In India, the term ''tehsil'' is commonly used in all northern states. In Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, ''taluka or taluk'' is more common.<ref>{{cite web|title=taluk|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/taluka|website=dictionary.com|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> In [[Eastern India]], instead of tehsils, the term [[Subdivisions of Bihar|'''Subdivisions''']] are used in [[Bihar]], [[Subdivisions of Assam|Assam]] | In India, the term ''tehsil'' is commonly used in all northern states. In Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, ''taluka or taluk'' is more common.<ref>{{cite web|title=taluk|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/taluka|website=dictionary.com|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> In [[Eastern India]], instead of tehsils, the term [[Subdivisions of Bihar|'''Subdivisions''']] are used in [[Bihar]], [[Subdivisions of Assam|Assam]], [[Jharkhand]], and [[West Bengal]], as well as large parts of [[Northeast India]]. In [[Arunachal Pradesh]], they are called ''circles''. | ||
Tehsil/tahsil and taluka/taluk and the variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the [[subcontinent]], the word ''[[county]]'' has sometimes been provided as a [[gloss (annotation)|gloss]], on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India): the [[District (India)|district]], also sometimes translated as ''county''. In neither case is the analogy very exact. | Tehsil/tahsil and taluka/taluk and the variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the [[subcontinent]], the word ''[[county]]'' has sometimes been provided as a [[gloss (annotation)|gloss]], on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India): the [[District (India)|district]], also sometimes translated as ''county''. In neither case is the analogy very exact. | ||
==Organization setup== | ==Organization setup== | ||
Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka.<ref>https://www.nextgurukul.in/wiki/concept/tamilnadu/class-6/civics/the-local-government/rural-administration/3959574</ref> In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar works as a magistrate. Each taluka will have an office called taluka office or tehsil office or tehsildar office at a designated place within taluka area known as taluka headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of taluka office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level. | Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notes On Rural Administration - Tamilnadu board Class 6 Civics |url=https://www.nextgurukul.in/wiki/concept/tamilnadu/class-6/civics/the-local-government/rural-administration/3959574 |website=www.nextgurukul.in |access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref> In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar works as a magistrate. Each taluka will have an office called taluka office or tehsil office or tehsildar office at a designated place within taluka area known as taluka headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of taluka office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level. | ||
Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/[[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati Raj]] system within the state. At the top is the jilla/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/Mandal Panchayat/Community Development Block is the second layer of this system and below them are the [[gram panchayat]]s or village panchayats. These panchayats at all the three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivision. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy making, development works and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of administration. | Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/[[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati Raj]] system within the state. At the top is the jilla/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/Mandal Panchayat/Community Development Block is the second layer of this system and below them are the [[gram panchayat]]s or village panchayats. These panchayats at all the three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivision. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy making, development works and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of administration. | ||