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'''Yashwant Sinha''' (born 6 November 1937) is a former Indian administrator, politician and a former [[Minister of Finance]] (1990–1991 under Prime Minister [[Chandra Shekhar]] and March 1998 – July 2002 under Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and [[Minister of External Affairs]] July 2002 – May 2004).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2077483.stm |work=BBC News| title=Indian government reshuffled |access-date=30 September 2007 |date=1 July 2002}}</ref> He was a senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] before he quit the party on 21 April 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Yashwant Sinha Quits BJP, Says India's Democracy Is In Danger|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/yashwant-sinha-quits-bjp-says-taking-sanyas-from-party-politics-1840800|website=NDTV.com|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> He joined [[All India Trinamool Congress]] on 13 March 2021. | '''Yashwant Sinha''' (born 6 November 1937) is a former Indian administrator, politician and a former [[Minister of Finance (India)#Lists of Finance Ministers|Minister of Finance]] (1990–1991 under Prime Minister [[Chandra Shekhar]] and March 1998 – July 2002 under Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]) and [[Minister of External Affairs]] (July 2002 – May 2004).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2077483.stm |work=BBC News| title=Indian government reshuffled |access-date=30 September 2007 |date=1 July 2002}}</ref> He was a senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] before he quit the party on 21 April 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Yashwant Sinha Quits BJP, Says India's Democracy Is In Danger|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/yashwant-sinha-quits-bjp-says-taking-sanyas-from-party-politics-1840800|website=NDTV.com|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> He joined [[All India Trinamool Congress]] on 13 March 2021. | ||
In 2015, he was awarded [[Legion of Honour|Officier de la Légion d’Honneur]], the highest civilian distinction of [[France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambafrance-in.org/French-Distinction-conferred-on-Yashwant-Sinha | title=French Distinction Conferred on Yashwant Sinha |access-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> | In 2015, he was awarded [[Legion of Honour|Officier de la Légion d’Honneur]], the highest civilian distinction of [[France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambafrance-in.org/French-Distinction-conferred-on-Yashwant-Sinha | title=French Distinction Conferred on Yashwant Sinha |access-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Sinha was born in a Kayastha family in [[Patna]], Bihar.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yashwant.|first=Sinha | Sinha was born in a [[Chitraguptavanshi Kayastha|Kayastha]] family in [[Patna]], Bihar.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yashwant.|first=Sinha|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1109811023|title=Relentless : an Autobiography of Yashwant Sinha.|date=2019|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing India Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-93-86950-36-9|oclc=1109811023}}</ref> He received his master's degree in [[political science]] in 1958.<ref name="Embassy profile"/> Subsequently, he taught the subject at the [[University of Patna]] till 1962. | ||
== Civil Service career == | == Civil Service career == | ||
Sinha joined the [[Indian Administrative Service]] in 1960 and spent over 24 years holding important posts during his service tenure. He served as [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate]] and [[District Magistrate]] for 4 years. He was Under Secretary and Deputy Secretary in the Finance Department of the [[Bihar]] Government for 2 years after which he worked in the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Commerce]] as Deputy Secretary to the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Prasad, Anuja|first=Gireesh Chandra|date=2018-12-31|title=I know I am putting the political career of my son in jeopardy: Yashwant Sinha|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/hXZFRY8fNo8WjL29BhxNvO/I-know-I-am-putting-the-political-career-of-my-son-in-jeopar.html|access-date=2021-07-02|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> | Sinha joined the [[Indian Administrative Service]] in 1960 and spent over 24 years holding important posts during his service tenure. He served as [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate]] and [[District Magistrate]] for 4 years. He was Under Secretary and Deputy Secretary in the Finance Department of the [[Bihar]] Government for 2 years after which he worked in the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Commerce]] as Deputy Secretary to the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Prasad, Anuja|first=Gireesh Chandra|date=2018-12-31|title=I know I am putting the political career of my son in jeopardy: Yashwant Sinha|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/hXZFRY8fNo8WjL29BhxNvO/I-know-I-am-putting-the-political-career-of-my-son-in-jeopar.html|access-date=2021-07-02|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> | ||
From 1971 to 1973, he was [[First Secretary (diplomatic rank)|First Secretary]] (Commercial) in the Indian Embassy, [[Bonn]], [[West Germany|Germany]]. Subsequently, he worked as Consul General of India in Frankfurt from 1973 to 1974. After working for over seven years in this field, he acquired experience in matters relating to foreign trade and [[India]]'s relations with the [[European Economic Community]]. Thereafter, he worked in the Department of Industrial Infrastructure, Government of Bihar State and in the Ministry of Industry, Government of India dealing with foreign industrial collaborations, technology imports, intellectual property rights, and industrial approvals. {{ | From 1971 to 1973, he was [[First Secretary (diplomatic rank)|First Secretary]] (Commercial) in the Indian Embassy, [[Bonn]], [[West Germany|Germany]]. Subsequently, he worked as Consul General of India in Frankfurt from 1973 to 1974.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=DelhiNovember 6|first1=India Today Online New|last2=March 1|first2=2012UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2013 00:35|title=Who is Yashwant Sinha?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/who-is-yashwant-sinha-120679-2012-11-06|access-date=2021-09-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> After working for over seven years in this field, he acquired experience in matters relating to foreign trade and [[India]]'s relations with the [[European Economic Community]]. Thereafter, he worked in the Department of Industrial Infrastructure, Government of Bihar State and in the Ministry of Industry, Government of India dealing with foreign industrial collaborations, technology imports, intellectual property rights, and industrial approvals. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2004-06-22|title=Yashwant Sinha: A brief profile|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/yashwant-sinha-a-brief-profile/story-AfxqjbFA9eR5i1QQiMkFdM.html|access-date=2021-09-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> | ||
He later was [[Joint Secretary to Government of India]] in the [[Ministry of Surface Transport (India)|Ministry of Surface Transport]] from 1980 to 1984, his main responsibilities were road transport, ports, and shipping. He resigned from service in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/fate-has-never-made-available-the-low-lying-fruit-for-me/cid/606407|title= Yashwant Sinha – The Telegraph|website=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota|access-date=6 November 2019}}</ref> | He later was [[Joint Secretary to Government of India]] in the [[Ministry of Surface Transport (India)|Ministry of Surface Transport]] from 1980 to 1984, his main responsibilities were road transport, ports, and shipping. He resigned from service in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/fate-has-never-made-available-the-low-lying-fruit-for-me/cid/606407|title= Yashwant Sinha – The Telegraph|website=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota|access-date=6 November 2019}}</ref> | ||
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== Accolades == | == Accolades == | ||
On 25 April 2015, The French Government honoured him with the highest French civilian distinction of Officier de la Légion d’Honneur (Officer of the Legion of Honour). It was bestowed upon him in recognition of his work as Union Minister of Finance, Minister of External Foreign Affairs and for his invaluable contribution to international issues.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest French Distinction conferred on Mr Yashwant Sinha|url=https://in.ambafrance.org/French-Distinction-conferred-on-Yashwant-Sinha|access-date=2021-08-29|website=La France en Inde / France in India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-28|title=Yashwant Sinha honoured with Officier de la Légion | On 25 April 2015, The French Government honoured him with the highest French civilian distinction of Officier de la Légion d’Honneur (Officer of the Legion of Honour). It was bestowed upon him in recognition of his work as Union Minister of Finance, Minister of External Foreign Affairs and for his invaluable contribution to international issues.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest French Distinction conferred on Mr Yashwant Sinha|url=https://in.ambafrance.org/French-Distinction-conferred-on-Yashwant-Sinha|access-date=2021-08-29|website=La France en Inde / France in India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-28|title=Yashwant Sinha honoured with Officier de la Légion d'Honneur by French Government|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/yashwant-sinha-honoured-with-officier-de-la-lgion-dhonneur-by-french-government-1430211301-1|access-date=2021-08-29|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref> While presenting the Honour to Sinha, French Ambassador to India François Richier said as Minister of External Affairs, and Chair of the Indo-French Parliamentary Friendship Group since its very inception (2009–2014), Sinha contributed to the deepening of the Indo-French strategic partnership, launched during the visit of [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in Paris (September 1998) and the development of ties between France and India. Created in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte, the [[Legion of Honour]] is the highest civilian award given by the [[French Republic]] for outstanding service to France, regardless of the nationality of the recipients.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yashwant Sinha gets fourth highest French Honour|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/yashwant-sinha-gets-highest-french-honour.html|access-date=16 November 2020|website=www.dailypioneer.com}}</ref> | ||
== Personal life == | == Personal life == | ||
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== Allegations == | == Allegations == | ||
In his autobiography ''Drohkaal ka Pathik'', released in November 2013, former MP [[Pappu Yadav]] alleged that three MPs of his Indian Federal Democratic Party got money from the then finance minister Sinha, to join the NDA in 2001.<ref>D K Singh (27 November 2013) [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pappu-s-memoirs-payoffs-from-upa---nda/1200046/ Pappu Yadav in memoir: Both Cong, BJP offered MPs Rs 40 crore each]. ''The Indian Express''</ref> | In his autobiography ''Drohkaal ka Pathik'', released in November 2013, former MP [[Pappu Yadav]] alleged that three MPs of his Indian Federal Democratic Party got money from the then finance minister Sinha, to join the NDA in 2001.<ref>D K Singh (27 November 2013) [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pappu-s-memoirs-payoffs-from-upa---nda/1200046/ Pappu Yadav in memoir: Both Cong, BJP offered MPs Rs 40 crore each]. ''The Indian Express''</ref> | ||
Also there were allegations against Yashwant Sinha, that he was involved in the UTI scam.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-this-madness-now-mr-yashwant-sinha-113092400998_1.html |title = Why this madness now, Mr Yashwant Sinha?|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 8 February 2012 | Also there were allegations against Yashwant Sinha, that he was involved in the UTI scam.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/why-this-madness-now-mr-yashwant-sinha-113092400998_1.html |title = Why this madness now, Mr Yashwant Sinha?|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 8 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=rediff.com: Money column: The UTI fiasco: So who is responsible?|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2002/aug/10paran.htm|access-date=16 November 2020|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/lessons-from-jaswant-yashwant-adapt-to-survive-in-the-new-bjp-1458493.html | title=Lessons from Jaswant, Yashwant: Adapt to survive in the new BJP| date=31 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/13/stories/03130007.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030224222426/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/13/stories/03130007.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 February 2003 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |title = Swamy wants Sinha to resign|date = 13 July 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040409/asp/jharkhand/story_3103603.asp | title=Court notice to Sinha on UTI scam}}</ref> | ||
On 4 April 2017, Sinha was detained in [[Hazaribagh district]] along with BJP MLA Manish Jaiswal and 150 others after trying to hold a religious procession. On police stopping them, his supporters protested and allegedly threw stones at the police.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.india.com/news/agencies/yashwant-sinha-bjp-mla-held-in-jharkhand-1992499/ | title=Yashwant Sinha, BJP MLA held in Jharkhand| date=4 April 2017}}</ref> | On 4 April 2017, Sinha was detained in [[Hazaribagh district]] along with BJP MLA Manish Jaiswal and 150 others after trying to hold a religious procession. On police stopping them, his supporters protested and allegedly threw stones at the police.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.india.com/news/agencies/yashwant-sinha-bjp-mla-held-in-jharkhand-1992499/ | title=Yashwant Sinha, BJP MLA held in Jharkhand| date=4 April 2017}}</ref> | ||