INSAT-1D: Difference between revisions
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'''INSAT-1D''' was 4th and the concluding multipurpose geostationary satellite of INSAT-1 (first generation | '''INSAT-1D''' was 4th and the concluding multipurpose [[Geostationary orbit|geostationary]] satellite of the INSAT-1 (first-generation seven-year responsibility for the operation of the INSAT space segment.<ref name="directory.eoportal">{{cite web |url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/i/insat-2 |title=INSAT-2 |work=eoPortal }}</ref> | ||
But the success of this launch meant a lot to [[India]] - a country that was setting up its national computer networks. Relying on a lot of communication circuits, microwave, coaxial, and fibre-optic telecommunication links throughout the country causes a huge problem; and thus the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) planned at the start of the INSAT-1 series to always have at least two satellites in space to meet the increasing demand of telecommunication links for India's civilian community. [[INSAT-1A]] and [[INSAT-1C]] had already faced immature death and their plans had suffered a serious setback. Another satellite [[INSAT-1B]], launched in 1983, exceeded its planned seven-year working life.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/insat-id-satellite-to-improve-vital-communication-links/1/315332.html |title=Filling a crucial gap; The satellite will improve vital communication links. |work=Amarnath K. Mknon, [[India Today]] |date=July 15, 1990 }}</ref> | |||
But the success of this launch meant a lot to [[India]] - a country that was setting up | |||
==Launch== | ==Launch== | ||
INSAT 1D was built by [[Ford Aerospace]] (now Loral Inc) for the [[Indian National Satellite System]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-1a.htm |title=Insat 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D |first=Gunter |last=Krebs |work=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> Initially, the launch was scheduled | INSAT 1D was built by [[Ford Aerospace]] (now Loral Inc) for the [[Indian National Satellite System]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-1a.htm |title=Insat 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D |first=Gunter |last=Krebs |work=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> Initially, the launch was scheduled for 29 June 1989. Unfortunately, 10 days before that, during launch preparation, a launchpad hoist cable broke and a crane hook fell on it damaging its C-band reflector. The fully insured satellite was repaired by Ford Aerospace at a reported cost of $10 million. But that mishap was followed by solar panel damage of cost $150,000 suffered during the [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake|1989 San Francisco earthquake]]. The satellite was finally launched from [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17 -b|Launch Complex 17B]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]], [[United States]] with the [[Delta II|Delta 2]] rocket. It had a 7-year life expectancy.<ref name="COSPAR ID: 1990-051A">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-051A |title=NASA-INSAT 1D (NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1990-051A) |work=NASA }}</ref> | ||
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
The satellite was box-shaped, measuring {{convert|2.18|xx|1.55|xx|1.42|m|ft}}.<ref name="COSPAR ID: 1990-051A" /><ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" /> A [[solar sail]] and {{convert|11.5|m2|adj=on}} solar panel extended overall length to {{convert|19.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} when deployed. It was housed 12 C-band transponders for telephone and data communications and two S-band transponders for direct broadcast service. A very high resolution radiometer (VHRR) was installed for meteorological imagery for long-term weather forecasting, storm warning and resource management.<ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" /> | The satellite was box-shaped, measuring {{convert|2.18|xx|1.55|xx|1.42|m|ft}}.<ref name="COSPAR ID: 1990-051A" /><ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" /> A [[solar sail]] and {{convert|11.5|m2|adj=on}} solar panel extended overall length to {{convert|19.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} when deployed. It was housed 12 C-band transponders for telephone and data communications and two S-band transponders for direct broadcast service. A very high-resolution radiometer (VHRR) was installed for meteorological imagery for long-term weather forecasting, storm warning and resource management.<ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" /> | ||
INSAT-1D played a vital role in replacing | INSAT-1D played a vital role in replacing INSAT-1B. Moreover, at that moment India already had hired Arabsat's 12 transponders at high cost (the rate of $800,000 per transponder per year). Failure of the 1D mission would compel the government to hire more transponders.<ref name="indiatoday" /> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Indian Space Research Organisation]] | *[[Indian Space Research Organisation]] | ||
*[[INSAT-1A]] | *[[INSAT-1A]] | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==Second-generation the Second-generation the External links== | ||
* [http://www.isac.gov.in/communication/html/insat-1d.jsp ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru - SALIENT FEATURES OF INSAT-1D] | * [http://www.isac.gov.in/communication/html/insat-1d.jsp ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru - SALIENT FEATURES OF INSAT-1D] | ||
* [http://dos.gov.in/hi/node/235 ISRO - INSAT-!D] | * [http://dos.gov.in/hi/node/235 ISRO - INSAT-!D] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:53, 14 August 2023
INSAT-1D was 4th and the concluding multipurpose geostationary satellite of the INSAT-1 (first-generation seven-year responsibility for the operation of the INSAT space segment.[7]
 | |
| Mission type | Communications, Cloud Observation |
|---|---|
| Operator | INSAT |
| COSPAR ID | 1990-051A |
| SATCAT no. | 20643 |
| Mission duration | 7 years |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | INSAT-1 |
| Manufacturer | Ford Aerospace |
| Launch mass | 1,190 kilograms (2,620 lb) (Lift - off Mass)[1] |
| Dry mass | 550 kilograms (1,210 lb)[1] |
| Power | 1000 W (Solar array);[1] Nominal Power: 1200.0 W [2] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | June 12, 1990, 05:52:00 UTC [3][4] |
| Rocket | Delta 4925[5] |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral LC-17B |
| Contractor | NASA |
| Deployment date | UTC |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Decommissioned (mission life over)[1] |
| Deactivated | 14 May 2002 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Geostationary |
| Longitude | 83° east [1] |
| Semi-major axis | 42,164.88 kilometres (26,200.04 mi) |
| Eccentricity | 0.0012393 |
| Perigee altitude | 35,741 kilometres (22,208 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 35,846 kilometres (22,274 mi) |
| Inclination | 14.30 degrees[6] |
| Period | 23.93 hours |
| Epoch | 14 November 2013, 15:52:38 UTC[6] |
But the success of this launch meant a lot to India - a country that was setting up its national computer networks. Relying on a lot of communication circuits, microwave, coaxial, and fibre-optic telecommunication links throughout the country causes a huge problem; and thus the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) planned at the start of the INSAT-1 series to always have at least two satellites in space to meet the increasing demand of telecommunication links for India's civilian community. INSAT-1A and INSAT-1C had already faced immature death and their plans had suffered a serious setback. Another satellite INSAT-1B, launched in 1983, exceeded its planned seven-year working life.[8]
LaunchEdit
INSAT 1D was built by Ford Aerospace (now Loral Inc) for the Indian National Satellite System.[9] Initially, the launch was scheduled for 29 June 1989. Unfortunately, 10 days before that, during launch preparation, a launchpad hoist cable broke and a crane hook fell on it damaging its C-band reflector. The fully insured satellite was repaired by Ford Aerospace at a reported cost of $10 million. But that mishap was followed by solar panel damage of cost $150,000 suffered during the 1989 San Francisco earthquake. The satellite was finally launched from Launch Complex 17B, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, United States with the Delta 2 rocket. It had a 7-year life expectancy.[2]
StructureEdit
The satellite was box-shaped, measuring 2.18 × 1.55 × 1.42 metres (7.2 × 5.1 × 4.7 ft).[2][1] A solar sail and 11.5-square-metre (124 sq ft) solar panel extended overall length to 19.4 m (64 ft) when deployed. It was housed 12 C-band transponders for telephone and data communications and two S-band transponders for direct broadcast service. A very high-resolution radiometer (VHRR) was installed for meteorological imagery for long-term weather forecasting, storm warning and resource management.[1]
INSAT-1D played a vital role in replacing INSAT-1B. Moreover, at that moment India already had hired Arabsat's 12 transponders at high cost (the rate of $800,000 per transponder per year). Failure of the 1D mission would compel the government to hire more transponders.[8]
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru - SALIENT FEATURES OF INSAT-1D".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "NASA-INSAT 1D (NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1990-051A)". NASA.
- ↑ "Archived ISRO Website". Archived from the original on 2014-10-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ↑ "Department of Space Indian Space Research Organization - INSAT-1D". dos.gov.in. 12 June 1990.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "INSAT 1B Satellite details 1983-089B NORAD 14318". N2YO. 14 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ↑ "INSAT-2". eoPortal.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Filling a crucial gap; The satellite will improve vital communication links". Amarnath K. Mknon, India Today. July 15, 1990.
- ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Insat 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 29 March 2018.