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'''Narayan Hemchandra Divecha''' (1855–1904), commonly known as '''Narayan Hemchandra''',<ref name="GSP">{{cite web |last=Darji |first=Pravin |author-link=Pravin Darji |title=સવિશેષ પરિચય: નારાયણ દીવેચા |website=Gujarati Sahitya Parishad |url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Narayan-Divecha.html |language=gu |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> was a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] autobiographer, translator and critic. He travelled extensively and wrote autobiography, novels, stories and criticism. He was a prolific translator and credited | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}} | |||
{{Infobox writer | |||
| name = Narayan Hemchandra | |||
| image = Narayan Hemchandra (cropped) 2.jpg | |||
| caption = Narayan Hemchandra in the late 1890s. | |||
| birth_name = Narayan Hemchandra Divecha | |||
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1855}} | |||
| birth_place = | |||
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1904|1855}} | |||
| death_place = | |||
| nationality = Indian | |||
| occupation = autobiographer, translator and critic | |||
| notable_works = ''Hu Pote'' (1900) | |||
}} | |||
'''Narayan Hemchandra Divecha''' (1855–1904), commonly known as '''Narayan Hemchandra''',<ref name="GSP">{{cite web |last=Darji |first=Pravin |author-link=Pravin Darji |title=સવિશેષ પરિચય: નારાયણ દીવેચા |website=Gujarati Sahitya Parishad |url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Narayan-Divecha.html |language=gu |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> was a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] autobiographer, translator and critic. He travelled extensively and wrote autobiography, novels, stories and criticism. He was a prolific translator and credited with introducing [[Bengali literature]] to Gujarat. | |||
== Biography == | == Biography == | ||
Narayan Hemchandra Divecha was born in 1855 in [[Diu, India|Diu]] and spent | Narayan Hemchandra Divecha was born in 1855 in [[Diu, India|Diu]] and spent most of his life in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (now Mumbai). He had not studied much but had travelled extensively. He went to England four times. In 1875, he went to [[Allahabad]] with Navinchandra Roy where he started translating. He is credited with introducing [[Bengali literature]] to [[Gujarat]].<ref name="GSP" /> | ||
He had influenced [[Mohandas K. Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]]. Gandhi met him in England and described him as a queerly-looking and queerly dressed person. But he was not ashamed of his looks, clothes or poor English. Gandhi observed in ''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth|Satyana Prayogo]]'' his great penchant to learn foreign languages to read their literature.<ref name="Das2000">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA230|title=History of Indian Literature|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7201-006-5|page=230}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Gandhi|first=M.K.|title=LETTER TO JAMNADAS GANDHI (Aug28,1911)}}</ref> | He had influenced [[Mohandas K. Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]]. Gandhi met him in England and described him as a queerly-looking and queerly dressed person. But he was not ashamed of his looks, clothes or poor English. Gandhi observed in ''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth|Satyana Prayogo]]'' his great penchant to learn foreign languages to read their literature.<ref name="Das2000">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA230|title=History of Indian Literature|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7201-006-5|page=230}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Gandhi|first=M.K.|title=LETTER TO JAMNADAS GANDHI (Aug28,1911)}}</ref> | ||
== Works == | == Works == | ||
Hemchandra had written about two hundred works.<ref name="GSP" /> ''Hu Pote'' (1900) was the first autobiography published in Gujarati language although the first autobiography was written by [[Narmad]] (published in 1933).<ref name="Kusum2016">{{cite book|title=Gujarati Atmakatha Tena Swarupagat Prashno. Thesis. Department of Gujarati, Sardar Patel University.|last=Pandya|first=Kusum H|date=31 December 1986|pages=200–220|hdl = 10603/98617|language=gu}}</ref>{{efn-ua|Narmad had written his autobiography in 1866 but he had requested it to be published posthumously. It was published in 1933, on his birth centenary. Two autobiographies were published before it, ''Hu Pote'' (1900) by Narayan Hemchandra and ''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth|Satyana Prayogo]]'' (1925-1929) by [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name="Kusum2016"/>}} It is partially travelogue and | Hemchandra had written about two hundred works.<ref name="GSP" /> ''Hu Pote'' (1900) was the first autobiography published in Gujarati language although the first autobiography was written by [[Narmad]] (published in 1933).<ref name="Kusum2016">{{cite book|title=Gujarati Atmakatha Tena Swarupagat Prashno. Thesis. Department of Gujarati, Sardar Patel University.|last=Pandya|first=Kusum H|date=31 December 1986|pages=200–220|hdl = 10603/98617|language=gu}}</ref>{{efn-ua|Narmad had written his autobiography in 1866 but he had requested it to be published posthumously. It was published in 1933, on his birth centenary. Two autobiographies were published before it, ''Hu Pote'' (1900) by Narayan Hemchandra and ''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth|Satyana Prayogo]]'' (1925-1929) by [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name="Kusum2016"/>}} It is partially travelogue and was written on first 34 years of his life including his travels and experiences. He has also written about [[Debendranath Tagore]] and [[Dayananda Saraswati|Dayanand Saraswati]] in it.<ref name="GSP" /> | ||
''Panch Varta'' (1903) and ''Phooldani Ane Biji Vartao'' (1903) are | ''Panch Varta'' (1903) and ''Phooldani Ane Biji Vartao'' (1903) are collections of his stories. ''Vaidyakanya'' (1895), ''Snehkutir'' (1896), ''Roopnagarni Rajkunwari'' (1904) are his novels. His works on criticism include: ''Jivancharitra Vishe Charcha'' (1895), ''Sahitaycharcha'' (1896), ''Kalidas Ane Shakespeare'' (1900).<ref name="GSP" /> ''Dharmik Purusho'' (June 1893), published by [[Gujarat Vernacular Society]] contains the life sketches of twelve prophets and saints like [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]], [[Nanak]], [[Kabir]] and [[Ramakrishna]].<ref name="RM2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.sriramakrishnamath.org/magazine/vk/2006/03-5-1.asp|title=Contemporary Gujarati Literature - II: Teaching of Sri Ramakrishna in Gujarati|date=March 2006|website=Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai : The Vedanta Kesari|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212312/http://www.sriramakrishnamath.org/magazine/vk/2006/03-5-1.asp|archive-date=2007-09-27|accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> He had also written a biography on [[Prophet Mohammed]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Das2000" /> | ||
He was a prolific translator. His notable translations include: ''Doctor Samuel Johnson nu Jivancharitra'' (Biography of [[Samuel Johnson]], 1839), ''Malatimadhav'' (1893), ''Priyadarshika'' and ''Sanyasi''.<ref name="GSP" /> He had translated large number of Bengali works in Gujarati including works of [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name="GSP" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name="Das2000" /> He has also written on literature, education and music.<ref name="GSP" /> | He was a prolific translator. His notable translations include: ''Doctor Samuel Johnson nu Jivancharitra'' (Biography of [[Samuel Johnson]], 1839), ''Malatimadhav'' (1893), ''Priyadarshika'' and ''Sanyasi''.<ref name="GSP" /> He had translated large number of Bengali works in Gujarati including works of [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name="GSP" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name="Das2000" /> He has also written on literature, education and music.<ref name="GSP" /> | ||