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{{About|a European term referring to people in [[India]]||Gentoo (disambiguation){{!}}Gentoo}} | {{About|a European term referring to people in [[India]]||Gentoo (disambiguation){{!}}Gentoo}} | ||
[[File:The Ordeal Trial practised by the Gentoos.jpg|thumb|300px|"The [[Trial by ordeal|Ordeal Trial]] practis'd by the Gentoos", 1770 [[copper]] [[engraving]].]] | [[File:The Ordeal Trial practised by the Gentoos.jpg|thumb|300px|"The [[Trial by ordeal|Ordeal Trial]] practis'd by the Gentoos", 1770 [[copper]] [[engraving]].]] | ||
'''Gentoo''', also spelled '''Gentue''' or '''Jentue''', was a term used by [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] for the [[Indigenous peoples|native inhabitants]] of [[India]] before the word [[Hindu]], with its religious connotation, was used to distinguish a group from [[Muslims]] and members of other religious groups in India.<ref name="R1">{{cite book |last= Dalgado |first= Sebastião Rodolfo |author2=Anthony Xavier Soares |title= Portuguese vocables in Asiatic languages: from the Portuguese original of Monsignor Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado, Volume 1 |publisher= Asian Educational Services |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3qk-p5hKuccC | '''Gentoo''', also spelled '''Gentue''' or '''Jentue''', was a term used by [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] for the [[Indigenous peoples|native inhabitants]] of [[India]] before the word [[Hindu]], with its religious connotation, was used to distinguish a group from [[Muslims]] and members of other religious groups in India.<ref name="R1">{{cite book |last= Dalgado |first= Sebastião Rodolfo |author2=Anthony Xavier Soares |title= Portuguese vocables in Asiatic languages: from the Portuguese original of Monsignor Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado, Volume 1 |publisher= Asian Educational Services |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3qk-p5hKuccC&dq=Gentoo%2C+anglo-indian%2C+hindu%2C+gentile&pg=PA167|year= 1988 |pages= 167–168 |isbn= 978-8120604131 }}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web |url= http://sahoo.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/who-invented-hinduism.pdf |title= Who Invented Hinduism?|pages=1–15 |publisher= sahoo.files.wordpress.com |access-date= March 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R5">{{cite book |last= Ernst |first= Carl W. |title= Eternal garden: mysticism, history, and politics at a South Asian Sufi center|publisher= SUNY Press|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VgIOryEPymcC&dq=Gentoo%2C+anglo-indian%2C+hindu%2C+gentile&pg=PA287|year= 1992 |page= 287 |isbn= 978-0791408841 }}</ref><ref name="R6"> | ||
{{cite web |url= http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/NoDefinitionofHinduism.htm |title= The English Invention of Hinduism|publisher= raceandhistory.com |access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R8">{{cite book |last= Yule |first= Henry |author2=A. C. Burnell |author3=William Crooke |title= A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases |publisher= Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC | {{cite web |url= http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/NoDefinitionofHinduism.htm |title= The English Invention of Hinduism|publisher= raceandhistory.com |access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R8">{{cite book |last= Yule |first= Henry |author2=A. C. Burnell |author3=William Crooke |title= A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases |publisher= Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&dq=Gentoo,+anglo-indian,+hindu,+gentile&pg=PA367|year= 1996 |pages= 367–368 |isbn= 978-0700703210 }}</ref> | ||
''Gentio'' and ''Gentoo'' terms were applied historically to [[indigenous peoples]] of India; later, to [[Telugu people|Telugu-speaking persons]] and [[Telugu language|their language]] in then [[Madras Presidency|Madras Province]] (now the [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] region), as opposed to the [[Malbars]], or [[Tamil people|Tamil speakers]] and [[Tamil language|their language]] (in what is now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R2">{{cite journal |title= Situating the Gentoo in History |journal= Economic and Political Weekly|volume= 36|issue= 7|pages= 576–594|jstor = 4410294|last1 = Srivastava|first1 = Sushil|year= 2001}}</ref><ref name="R7">{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031110000759/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= November 10, 2003 |title= Origins of 'India' |author=Anand |work= [[The Hindu]] |date= 2002-03-03 |access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref> An example from the Monsignor Sebastiao Rodolfo Dalgado is "moros, gentivos e maos christãos".<ref name="R3"/> | ''Gentio'' and ''Gentoo'' terms were applied historically to [[indigenous peoples]] of India; later, to [[Telugu people|Telugu-speaking persons]] and [[Telugu language|their language]] in then [[Madras Presidency|Madras Province]] (now the [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] region), as opposed to the [[Malbars]], or [[Tamil people|Tamil speakers]] and [[Tamil language|their language]] (in what is now [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R2">{{cite journal |title= Situating the Gentoo in History |journal= Economic and Political Weekly|volume= 36|issue= 7|pages= 576–594|jstor = 4410294|last1 = Srivastava|first1 = Sushil|year= 2001}}</ref><ref name="R7">{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031110000759/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/03/03/stories/2002030300300300.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= November 10, 2003 |title= Origins of 'India' |author=Anand |work= [[The Hindu]] |date= 2002-03-03 |access-date= March 15, 2012 }}</ref> An example from the Monsignor Sebastiao Rodolfo Dalgado is "moros, gentivos e maos christãos".<ref name="R3"/> | ||
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{{quote|And before this kingdom of Guzerate fell into the hands of the Moors, a certain race of Gentios whom the moors called Resbutos dwelt therein.<ref name="R1"/>}} | {{quote|And before this kingdom of Guzerate fell into the hands of the Moors, a certain race of Gentios whom the moors called Resbutos dwelt therein.<ref name="R1"/>}} | ||
According to 19th century philologist and Orientalist [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed|N.B. Halhed]], there was a fanciful [[Derivation (linguistics)|derivation]] of ''Gentoo'' from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''jantu'', meaning " | According to 19th century philologist and Orientalist [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed|N.B. Halhed]], there was a fanciful [[Derivation (linguistics)|derivation]] of ''Gentoo'' from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''jantu'', meaning "creature".<ref name="R3"/> | ||
The word [[Hindu]] is not originally Indian. Instead, the word ''Hindu'' started to acquire religious connotations only after the arrival of [[Muslim]]s. The very first attempt by the British to establish social laws on the [[Indian subcontinent]] for administrative purposes (in order to assert the distinctiveness of Indian jurisprudence) was named ''[[Gentoo Code|A Code of Gentoo Law]]''. The first digest of Indian legislation was published in 1776, was funded by the [[East India Company]], supported by [[Warren Hastings]], and was translated from [[Persian language|Persian]] into [[English language|English]] by [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed|Halhed]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R7"/> | The word [[Hindu]] is not originally Indian. Instead, the word ''Hindu'' started to acquire religious connotations only after the arrival of [[Muslim]]s. The very first attempt by the British to establish social laws on the [[Indian subcontinent]] for administrative purposes (in order to assert the distinctiveness of Indian jurisprudence) was named ''[[Gentoo Code|A Code of Gentoo Law]]''. The first digest of Indian legislation was published in 1776, was funded by the [[East India Company]], supported by [[Warren Hastings]], and was translated from [[Persian language|Persian]] into [[English language|English]] by [[Nathaniel Brassey Halhed|Halhed]].<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="R6"/><ref name="R8"/><ref name="R7"/> | ||