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==Dutch ownership== | ==Dutch ownership== | ||
[[File:Pulicat-India-Dutch-Cemetery-5.JPG|200px|thumb|left|Dutch cemetery in Pulicat]] | [[File:Pulicat-India-Dutch-Cemetery-5.JPG|200px|thumb|left|Dutch cemetery in Pulicat]] | ||
The fort was built on the shores of [[Pulicat Lake]], which provides access to the [[Bay of Bengal]] and the [[Coromandel Coast]], an important area for trade and a scene of rivalry between the colonial powers of the Dutch, the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]], and the [[British Empire|British]]. A Portuguese fort had existed previously on the spot, and Fort Geldria was built on its foundations, with the permission of Queen Oboyama, wife of [[Vijayanagara Emperor]] [[Venkatapati Raya]], based in [[Chandragiri Fort, Andhra Pradesh|Chandragiri Fort]], who was supposed to contribute financially and become part-owner. This process, however, proved too slow for the Dutch, and they decided to finance and build it themselves.<ref name="vocsite"/> Local tradition holds that a Dutch ship, stranded in 1606, found aid among a group of expatriate Muslims, and thus began a trade partnership.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/10/19/stories/2003101900280700.htm|title=... and a placid Pulicat experience|last=Sanjeeva Raj|first=P.J.|date=19 October 2003|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=18 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826092210/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/10/19/stories/2003101900280700.htm|archive-date=26 August 2010|url-status= | The fort was built on the shores of [[Pulicat Lake]], which provides access to the [[Bay of Bengal]] and the [[Coromandel Coast]], an important area for trade and a scene of rivalry between the colonial powers of the Dutch, the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]], and the [[British Empire|British]]. A Portuguese fort had existed previously on the spot, and Fort Geldria was built on its foundations, with the permission of Queen Oboyama, wife of [[Vijayanagara Emperor]] [[Venkatapati Raya]], based in [[Chandragiri Fort, Andhra Pradesh|Chandragiri Fort]], who was supposed to contribute financially and become part-owner. This process, however, proved too slow for the Dutch, and they decided to finance and build it themselves.<ref name="vocsite"/> Local tradition holds that a Dutch ship, stranded in 1606, found aid among a group of expatriate Muslims, and thus began a trade partnership.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/10/19/stories/2003101900280700.htm|title=... and a placid Pulicat experience|last=Sanjeeva Raj|first=P.J.|date=19 October 2003|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=18 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826092210/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/10/19/stories/2003101900280700.htm|archive-date=26 August 2010|url-status=usurped}}</ref> | ||
Within one month of completion, the fort came under attack from a local chieftain, Etheraja. After he was repulsed, the Portuguese attacked the fort from both land and sea but were fought off. The Dutch formed an alliance with the local traders and the Portuguese were kept at bay. The fort, which was supplied by the ''[[Dutch ship Gouden Leeuw|Gouden Leeuw]]'' in 1618 with 130 Dutch soldiers and 32 guns,<ref>{{cite book|title=Historiesch verhaal: Van het begin, voortgang en teegenwoordigen staat der koophandel, van de Generaale Nederlandsche geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische compagnie|publisher=W. Troost|location=Arnhem|year=1772|pages=80|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBk5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA80|accessdate=18 February 2010|language=Dutch}}</ref> became a focal point in the local turmoil and provided refuge to people from the Portuguese colonies.<ref name="James35">[[#James|James]] 2009, p. 35</ref> In 1619, the chief at Fort Geldria was accorded the title of Governor and Extraordinary Councillor of the Indies. In the second half of the seventeenth century, the fort's importance as a trading post (it dealt mainly in [[cotton]] fabrics<ref name="vocsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/coromandel.html|title=Handelsposten: Coromandel|publisher=VOCsite.nl|accessdate=18 February 2010|language=Dutch}}</ref>) began to decline, due partly to competition with the British but mostly as a result of the southward expansion of the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=K.N.|author2=Jonathan I. Israel|title=The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact|editor=Jonathan I. Israel|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|pages=418|chapter=The East-India Companies and the Revolution of 1688-9|isbn=978-0-521-54406-1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCvyi5_m6ScC&pg=PA418|accessdate=18 February 2010}}</ref> By 1689, the government moved to [[Nagapattinam|Negapatnam]] and subsequently to [[Ceylon]].<ref name="James36">[[#James|James]] 2009, p. 36</ref> | Within one month of completion, the fort came under attack from a local chieftain, Etheraja. After he was repulsed, the Portuguese attacked the fort from both land and sea but were fought off. The Dutch formed an alliance with the local traders and the Portuguese were kept at bay. The fort, which was supplied by the ''[[Dutch ship Gouden Leeuw|Gouden Leeuw]]'' in 1618 with 130 Dutch soldiers and 32 guns,<ref>{{cite book|title=Historiesch verhaal: Van het begin, voortgang en teegenwoordigen staat der koophandel, van de Generaale Nederlandsche geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische compagnie|publisher=W. Troost|location=Arnhem|year=1772|pages=80|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBk5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA80|accessdate=18 February 2010|language=Dutch}}</ref> became a focal point in the local turmoil and provided refuge to people from the Portuguese colonies.<ref name="James35">[[#James|James]] 2009, p. 35</ref> In 1619, the chief at Fort Geldria was accorded the title of Governor and Extraordinary Councillor of the Indies. In the second half of the seventeenth century, the fort's importance as a trading post (it dealt mainly in [[cotton]] fabrics<ref name="vocsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/coromandel.html|title=Handelsposten: Coromandel|publisher=VOCsite.nl|accessdate=18 February 2010|language=Dutch}}</ref>) began to decline, due partly to competition with the British but mostly as a result of the southward expansion of the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=K.N.|author2=Jonathan I. Israel|title=The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact|editor=Jonathan I. Israel|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|pages=418|chapter=The East-India Companies and the Revolution of 1688-9|isbn=978-0-521-54406-1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCvyi5_m6ScC&pg=PA418|accessdate=18 February 2010}}</ref> By 1689, the government moved to [[Nagapattinam|Negapatnam]] and subsequently to [[Ceylon]].<ref name="James36">[[#James|James]] 2009, p. 36</ref> | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.nationaalarchief.nl/AMH/detail.aspx?page=dafb&lang=nl&id=5399 1672 copper engraving of Fort Geldria] | *[http://www.nationaalarchief.nl/AMH/detail.aspx?page=dafb&lang=nl&id=5399 1672 copper engraving of Fort Geldria]{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | ||
[[Category:Archaeological monuments in Tamil Nadu]] | [[Category:Archaeological monuments in Tamil Nadu]] | ||