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|birth_date= {{birth date|1865|11|09|df=yes}} | |birth_date= {{birth date|1865|11|09|df=yes}} | ||
|birth_place= [[Lausanne]], Switzerland | |birth_place= [[Lausanne]], [[Vaud]], Switzerland | ||
|death_date= {{death date and age|1946|03|18|1865|11|09|df=yes}} | |death_date= {{death date and age|1946|03|18|1865|11|09|df=yes}} | ||
|death_place= [[Torquay]], [[Devon]], England | |death_place= [[Torquay]], [[Devon]], England | ||
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}} | }} | ||
[[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] '''Lionel Charles Dunsterville''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|CB|CSI | [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] '''Lionel Charles Dunsterville''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|CB|CSI}} (9 November 1865 – 18 March 1946)<ref>[[:de:Lionel Dunsterville]]</ref> was a [[British Army]] officer, who led [[Dunsterforce]] across present-day [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]] towards the [[Caucasus]] and [[Baku]] during the [[World War I|First World War]]. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Lionel Charles Dunsterville was born in [[Lausanne]], Switzerland on 9 November 1865, the son of Lieutenant General Lionel D'Arcy Dunsterville (1830–1912) of the Indian Army and his wife, Susan Ellen (1835–1875). He went to school with [[Rudyard Kipling]] and [[George Charles Beresford]] at [[United Services College|The United Services College]], a public school later absorbed into [[Haileybury and Imperial Service College]], which prepared British young men for careers in Her Majesty's Army. He served as the inspiration for the character "[[Stalky]]" in Kipling's collection of school stories ''[[Stalky & Co]]''. He was also uncle to [[H.D. Harvey-Kelly]], the first [[Royal Flying Corps]] pilot to land in France | Lionel Charles Dunsterville was born in [[Lausanne]], Switzerland on 9 November 1865, the son of Lieutenant General Lionel D'Arcy Dunsterville (1830–1912) of the Indian Army and his wife, Susan Ellen (1835–1875). He went to school with [[Rudyard Kipling]] and [[George Charles Beresford]] at [[United Services College|The United Services College]], a public school later absorbed into [[Haileybury and Imperial Service College]], which prepared British young men for careers in Her Majesty's Army. He served as the inspiration for the character "[[Stalky]]" in Kipling's collection of school stories ''[[Stalky & Co]]''. He was also uncle to [[H.D. Harvey-Kelly]], the first [[Royal Flying Corps]] pilot to land in France during the [[First World War]]. | ||
==Military career== | ==Military career== | ||
Dunsterville was commissioned into the [[British Army]] as a [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] in the [[Sussex Regiment]] on 23 August 1884. He later transferred to the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]], was promoted to [[Captain (BARM)|captain]] on 23 August 1895, and served on the [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North-West Frontier]] and in [[Waziristan]].<ref>Hart′s Army list, 1903</ref> As a railway staff officer he served in [[China]] during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] 1900–02, for which he was [[mentioned in despatches]] (by Major-General [[O'Moore Creagh]], commander of British forces in China after the end of the main hostilities),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27497 |date=21 November 1902 |page=7532}}</ref> and was promoted to [[Major (British Army and Royal Marines)|major]] on 23 August 1902.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27495|page=7245|date=14 November 1902}}</ref> | Dunsterville was commissioned into the [[British Army]] as a [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] in the [[Sussex Regiment]] on 23 August 1884. He later transferred to the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]], was promoted to [[Captain (BARM)|captain]] on 23 August 1895, and served on the [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North-West Frontier]] and in [[Waziristan]].<ref>Hart′s Army list, 1903</ref> As a railway staff officer he served in [[China]] during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] 1900–02, for which he was [[mentioned in despatches]] (by Major-General [[O'Moore Creagh]], commander of British forces in China after the end of the main hostilities),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27497 |date=21 November 1902 |page=7532}}</ref> and was promoted to [[Major (British Army and Royal Marines)|major]] on 23 August 1902.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27495|page=7245|date=14 November 1902}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Commodore Norris and General Dunsterforce.jpg|thumb|left|Major-General L. C. Dunsterville, GOC [[Dunsterforce]], with Commodore [[David Norris (Royal Navy officer)|D. T. Norris]] of the [[Royal Navy]] on the Caspian, 1918.]] | |||
In the [[First World War]] Dunsterville held a posting in India. At the end of 1917 the army appointed Major-General Dunsterville to lead an Allied force ([[Dunsterforce]]) of fewer than 1,000 Australian, British, Canadian and New Zealand troops, drawn from the [[Mesopotamian Campaign|Mesopotamian]] and [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Fronts]], accompanied by armoured cars, from [[Hamadan]] in the Zagros Mountains of Persia for some 350 km across [[Greater Iran|Qajar Persia]]. His mission set out from Baghdad in January 1918, aiming to gather information, to train and command local forces, and to prevent the spread of German [[propaganda]].<ref> | In the [[First World War]] Dunsterville held a posting in India. At the end of 1917 the army appointed Major-General Dunsterville to lead an Allied force ([[Dunsterforce]]) of fewer than 1,000 Australian, British, Canadian and New Zealand troops, drawn from the [[Mesopotamian Campaign|Mesopotamian]] and [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Fronts]], accompanied by armoured cars, from [[Hamadan]] in the Zagros Mountains of Persia for some 350 km across [[Greater Iran|Qajar Persia]]. His mission set out from Baghdad in January 1918, aiming to gather information, to train and command local forces, and to prevent the spread of German [[propaganda]].<ref> | ||
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On his way to [[Bandar-e Anzali|Enzeli]] on the Persian Caspian coast he also fought [[Mirza Kuchik Khan]] and his [[Jungle Movement of Gilan|Jangali]] forces in [[Manjil]]. | On his way to [[Bandar-e Anzali|Enzeli]] on the Persian Caspian coast he also fought [[Mirza Kuchik Khan]] and his [[Jungle Movement of Gilan|Jangali]] forces in [[Manjil]]. | ||
Dunsterville was assigned to re-inforce the defence of the key oil-field and port of [[Baku]] (in present-day [[Azerbaijan]]), held from 26 July 1918 by the anti-Soviet [[Centro Caspian Dictatorship]]. Dunsterforce personnel first arrived in Baku on 6 August 1918. However, the British and their allies had to abandon Baku on 14 September 1918 in the face of an onslaught by 14,000 [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] troops, who [[Battle of Baku|took the city]] the next day. The [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] regained control of Baku within two months as a result of [[Armistice of Mudros|the Ottoman armistice]] of 30 October 1918. | Dunsterville was assigned to re-inforce the defence of the key oil-field and port of [[Baku]] (in present-day [[Azerbaijan]]), held from 26 July 1918 by the anti-Soviet [[Centro Caspian Dictatorship]]. Dunsterforce personnel first arrived in Baku on 6 August 1918. However, the British and their allies had to abandon Baku on 14 September 1918 in the face of an onslaught by 14,000 [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] troops and Azerbaijani Generals like [[Ali-Agha Shikhlinski]] and Gaimmegam Hasan Bey, who [[Battle of Baku|took the city]] the next day. The [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] regained control of Baku within two months as a result of [[Armistice of Mudros|the Ottoman armistice]] of 30 October 1918. | ||
Promoted to major general in 1918, Dunsterville died in 1946 at Torquay, Devon, England. | Promoted to major general in 1918, Dunsterville died in 1946 at Torquay, Devon, England. | ||
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Captain Lionel Charles Dunsterville of the Indian Staff Corps married Margaret Emily (known as "Daisie"), daughter of Captain John Walter Keyworth late 48th Regiment, in November 1897 at Bishopsteignton, Devon, England. | Captain Lionel Charles Dunsterville of the Indian Staff Corps married Margaret Emily (known as "Daisie"), daughter of Captain John Walter Keyworth late 48th Regiment, in November 1897 at Bishopsteignton, Devon, England. | ||
Their elder son, Lionel Walter Dunsterville, was born on 9 September 1902 at Tientsin, China; their younger son Galfrid Charles Keyworth was born on 18 February 1905; and their daughter Susannah Margaret on 14 July 1911. Galfrid co-authored | Their elder son, Lionel Walter Dunsterville, was born on 9 September 1902 at Tientsin, China; their younger son [[G. C. K. Dunsterville|Galfrid Charles Keyworth]] was born on 18 February 1905; and their daughter Susannah Margaret on 14 July 1911. Galfrid co-authored books on Venezuelan orchids with [[Leslie Andrew Garay|L. A. Garay]]. Susannah's first husband was the Swiss lawyer and diplomat [[August R. Lindt]], the son of a renowned chocolate manufacturer. Her second husband was Colditz escapee [[Damiaen Joan van Doorninck]], whom she met in Switzerland during the Second World War as a Resistance worker. | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunsterville, Lionel}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunsterville, Lionel}} | ||
[[Category:1865 births]] | [[Category:1865 births]] | ||
[[Category:Royal Sussex Regiment officers]] | |||
[[Category:British military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion]] | |||
[[Category:British military personnel of the Russian Civil War]] | |||
[[Category:1946 deaths]] | [[Category:1946 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]] | [[Category:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]] | ||
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]] | [[Category:British Indian Army generals]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indian Army generals of World War I]] | ||
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]] | [[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]] | ||
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]] | [[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]] | ||
[[Category:People educated at United Services College]] | [[Category:People educated at United Services College]] | ||
[[Category:People from Lausanne]] | [[Category:People from Lausanne]] | ||