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{{Short description|Indian singer-songwriter, composer, poet, lyricist and story-writer}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox musical artist
{{Infobox musical artist
| name       = Salil Chowdhury
| name             = Salil Chowdhury
| image       = SalilChowdhury1002.jpg
| image             = SalilChowdhury1002.jpg
| alt         = Image of Salil Chowdhury
| alt               = Image of Salil Chowdhury
| caption     =
| caption           =  
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1925|11|19}}<ref name="passport">passport</ref>
| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=y|1922|11|19}}
| birth_place = [[Gazipur]], [[South 24 Parganas]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| birth_place       = Ghazipur, [[24 Parganas]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[South 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1995|09|05|1925|11|19}}
| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=y|1995|09|05|1922|11|19}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| death_place       = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| genre       = Bengali, [[Folk music|folk]], film base, western classical fusion, Indian classical fusion
| genre             = Bengali, [[Folk music|folk]], film base, western classical fusion, Indian classical fusion
| occupation = [[Singer-Songwriter]], Composer, Arranger, Poet, Lyricist, Story-writer
| occupation       = [[Singer-Songwriter]], Composer, Arranger, Poet, Lyricist, Story-writer
}}
}}
'''Salil Chowdhury'''; (19 November 1925 - 5 September 1995)<ref name="passport">passport</ref> was an Indian [[songwriter]], [[music director]], [[lyricist]], writer, and poet who predominantly composed for [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]], [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], and [[Malayalam films|Malayalam]] films. He composed music for films in 13 languages. This includes over 75 Hindi films, 41 Bengali films, around 27 Malayalam films, and a few [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Oriya language|Oriya]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]] films. His musical ability was widely recognised<ref name="thehindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2005/11/20/stories/2005112000340500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916182542/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2005/11/20/stories/2005112000340500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 September 2006|title=Flawless harmony in his music |first=Shaji|last=Chennai|date=20 November 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=6 September 2009}}</ref> and acknowledged in the Indian film industry. He was an accomplished composer and arranger who was proficient in several musical instruments, including [[flute]], the piano, and the [[esraj]]. He was also widely acclaimed and admired<ref name="thehindu" /> for his inspirational and original poetry in [[Bengali language|Bengali]].
'''Salil Chowdhury''' (19 November 1922 – 5 September 1995) was an Indian [[music director]], [[songwriter]], [[lyricist]], [[writer]] and [[poet]] who predominantly composed for [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]], [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] and [[Malayalam films|Malayalam]] films. He composed music for films in 13 languages. This includes over 75 Hindi films, 41 Bengali films, 27 Malayalam films, and a few [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Odia language|Odia]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]] films. His musical ability was widely recognised<ref name="thehindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2005/11/20/stories/2005112000340500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916182542/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2005/11/20/stories/2005112000340500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 September 2006|title=Flawless harmony in his music |first=Shaji|last=Chennai|date=20 November 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=6 September 2009}}</ref> and acknowledged in the Indian film industry. He was an accomplished composer and arranger who was proficient in several musical instruments, including [[flute]], the [[piano]], and the [[esraj]]. He was also widely acclaimed and admired<ref name="thehindu" /> for his inspirational and original poetry in [[Bengali language|Bengali]].  


The first Bengali film for which Chowdhury composed music was ''Paribortan'', released in 1949. ''Mahabharati'', released in 1994, was the last of the 41 Bengali films where he rendered his music. He is affectionately called ''Salilda'' by his admirers.
The first Bengali film for which Chowdhury composed music was ''Paribortan'', released in 1949. ''Mahabharati'', released in 1994, was the last of the 41 Bengali films where he rendered his music. He is affectionately called ''Salilda'' by his admirers. He mentored famous music directors like RD Burman and Hridaynath Mangeshkar


== Career ==
== Career ==


=== Early influences – childhood and teenage ===
=== Early influences – childhood and teenage ===
Salil Chowdhury was born on 19 November 1922<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xnrSfUf_Hg|title=Salil Chowdhury Long Interview with Kabir Suman Part 2|last=Surer Bhuban|date=6 December 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref> in a village called Gazipur in South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Salil's childhood was spent in the tea gardens region of Assam. His father was reputed to stage plays with coolies and other low-paid workers of the tea-gardens.<ref name="thehindu" /> From an early age he listened to the Western [[Classical period (music)|Classical]] collection of his father.<ref name="thehindu" /> During the second world war Chowdhury got the opportunity to closely observe human sufferings, hunger and problem of the refugees.<ref name="peoples">{{cite web|url=https://www.peoplesreporter.com/entertainment/salil-chowdhury|title=ও আলোর পথযাত্রী |first=Bhowmik|last=Chumki|date=19 November 2017|publisher=peoplesreporter.com|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> He studied in Harinavi D.V.A.S High School and there after graduating from [[Bangabasi College]], affiliated to the [[University of Calcutta]] in [[Kolkata]], and during this period his political ideas were formulated along with a considerable maturity in his musical ideas.<ref name="thehindu" />
Salil Chowdhury was born on 19 November 1925, in a village called Ghazipur in [[South 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]]. Salil's childhood was spent in the [[Tea-garden community of Assam|Tea Gardens Region of Assam]]. His father was reputed to stage plays with coolies and other low-paid workers of the tea-gardens.<ref name="thehindu" /> While his father, Dr Gyanendra Chowdhury, was the Medical Officer at Hathikuli Tea Estate near Kaziranga in Assam, between 1931 and 1951, the Chief Medical Officer was Dr Maloni, an Irish national. During his early years, he used to listen to western orchestral music on Dr Maloni's gramophone. To date, this information stands engraved in black granite in Hathikuli Tea Estate in his memory. During the second world war Chowdhury got the opportunity to closely observe human sufferings, hunger and problem of the refugees.<ref name="peoples">{{cite web|url=https://www.peoplesreporter.com/entertainment/salil-chowdhury|title=ও আলোর পথযাত্রী |first=Bhowmik|last=Chumki|date=19 November 2017|publisher=peoplesreporter.com|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> He studied in Harinavi D.V.A.S High School and there after graduating from [[Bangabasi College]], affiliated to the [[University of Calcutta]] in [[Kolkata]], and during this period his political ideas were formulated along with a considerable maturity in his musical ideas.<ref name="thehindu" />


As a teenager in school, Chowdhury already had an interest in music, and played the [[flute]], [[harmonium]] and [[esraj]]. He learnt to play the piano from his elder brother at the age of 6. Once in college, he also began to compose tunes. His first popular song was "''Becharpoti tomar bichaar''" (lit. the days of new judgement have come because people are now awake), set to a kirtan tune. Chowdhury composed it in 1945 during the [[Indian National Army trials]] when the freedom fighters had returned from Andaman jail. Chowdhury shifted to a village in [[24 Parganas|24 parganas]] to live with his maternal uncles, when he was witness to a big peasant uprising there in 1943. He got involved with them and began writing songs for the peasant movement. In 1944, while studying for his MA, Chowdhury witnessed people dying on the streets of Calcutta, as 50 lakh Bengalis died during the [[Great Bengal Famine of 1943|famine]] created by the [[British Raj|British]]. The famine was man-made as local rice was instead directed to Britain's war effort overseas, leading to scarcity, aggravated by black marketeers and hoarders. This led Chowdhury to become fully involved in the peasant movement, and he became a full-time member of IPTA and the [[Communist Party of India|Communist Party]]. Subsequently, arrest warrants were issued in his name, and he went underground in the [[Sunderbans]], hiding in paddy fields and supported by local peasants. During this time, he continued writing plays and songs.<ref name="air" />
As a teenager in school, Chowdhury already had an interest in music, and played the [[flute]], [[harmonium]] and [[esraj]]. He learnt to play the [[piano]] from his elder brother at the age of 6. Once in college, he also began to compose tunes. His first popular song was "''Becharpoti tomar bichaar''" (lit. the days of new judgement have come because people are now awake), set to a kirtan tune. Chowdhury composed it in 1945 during the [[Indian National Army trials]] when the freedom fighters had returned from Andaman jail. Chowdhury shifted to a village in [[24 Parganas|24 parganas]] to live with his maternal uncles, when he was witness to a big peasant uprising there in 1943. He got involved with them and began writing songs for the peasant movement. In 1944, while studying for his MA, Chowdhury witnessed people dying on the streets of Calcutta, as 50 lakh Bengalis died during the [[Great Bengal Famine of 1943|famine]]. The famine was man-made as local rice was instead directed to Britain's war effort overseas, leading to scarcity, aggravated by black marketeers and hoarders. This led Chowdhury to become fully involved in the peasant movement, and he became a full-time member of IPTA and the [[Communist Party of India|Communist Party]]. Subsequently, arrest warrants were issued in his name, and he went underground in the [[Sunderbans]], hiding in paddy fields and supported by local peasants. During this time, he continued writing plays and songs.<ref name="air" />


In 1944, a young Salil came to Calcutta for his graduate studies. He joined the IPTA<ref name="thehindu" /> ([[Indian Peoples Theater Association]]) the cultural wing of the [[Communist Party of India]]. He started writing songs<ref name="thehindu" /> and setting tunes for them.<ref name="thehindu" /> The IPTA theatrical outfit travelled through the villages and the cities bringing these songs to the common man. Songs like ''Bicharpati'', ''Runner'' and ''Abak prithibi''<ref name="thehindu" /> became extremely popular with the general population at the time.
In 1944, a young Salil came to Calcutta for his graduate studies. He joined the IPTA<ref name="thehindu" /> ([[Indian Peoples Theater Association]]) the cultural wing of the [[Communist Party of India]]. He started writing songs<ref name="thehindu" /> and setting tunes for them.<ref name="thehindu" /> The IPTA theatrical outfit travelled through the villages and the cities bringing these songs to the common man. Songs like ''Bicharpati'', ''Runner'' and ''Abak prithibi''<ref name="thehindu" /> became extremely popular with the general population at the time.


Songs like ''Gnaayer bodhu'' (গাঁয়ের বধূ), which he composed at the age of 20, brought about a new wave of Bengali music.<ref name="thehindu" /> Almost every notable singer at the time from West Bengal had sung at least one of his songs. A few examples are [[Debabrata Biswas]], [[Hemanta Mukherjee]], [[Shyamal Mitra]], [[Sandhya Mukherjee]], [[Manabendra Mukhopadhyay|Manabendra Mukherjee]], [[Subir Sen]], and Pratima Banerjee.
Songs like ''Gnaayer bodhu'' (গাঁয়ের বধূ), which he composed at the age of 20, brought about a new wave of Bengali music.<ref name="thehindu" /> Almost every notable singer at the time from West Bengal had sung at least one of his songs. A few examples are [[Debabrata Biswas]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Hemanta Mukherjee]], [[Shyamal Mitra]], [[Sandhya Mukherjee]], [[Manabendra Mukhopadhyay|Manabendra Mukherjee]], [[Subir Sen]], and Pratima Banerjee.


=== Film career ===
=== Film career ===
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In an interview with All India Radio, Salil Chowdhury described his coming to Bombay in 1953 as a "stroke of luck". He was writing the script for a Bengali film about a peasant who was disowned of his land and had gone to Calcutta to earn money as a Rickshaw puller. [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]], who heard of it from Chowdhury during a visit to Calcutta, liked it immensely and suggested that he narrate it to the director [[Bimal Roy]]. Roy heard it, and asked him to meet him again the next morning. However, when Chowdhury went to meet him the next day, he learnt that Roy had rushed to Bombay on an urgent call. A week later, he received a telegram from Roy that he wanted to turn his script into a movie. This resulted in Chowdhury's debut in the [[Bollywood|Hindi film industry]] in 1953<ref name="thehindu" /> as the music director for ''[[Do Bigha Zamin]]'' (1953). The movie was based on Tagore's poem by the same name, but the story was different and was written by Salil Chowdhury himself. Directed by [[Bimal Roy]], this film took his career to new heights when it became the first film to win the [[Filmfare Best Movie Award]] and won the international Prize at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].
In an interview with All India Radio, Salil Chowdhury described his coming to Bombay in 1953 as a "stroke of luck". He was writing the script for a Bengali film about a peasant who was disowned of his land and had gone to Calcutta to earn money as a Rickshaw puller. [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]], who heard of it from Chowdhury during a visit to Calcutta, liked it immensely and suggested that he narrate it to the director [[Bimal Roy]]. Roy heard it, and asked him to meet him again the next morning. However, when Chowdhury went to meet him the next day, he learnt that Roy had rushed to Bombay on an urgent call. A week later, he received a telegram from Roy that he wanted to turn his script into a movie. This resulted in Chowdhury's debut in the [[Bollywood|Hindi film industry]] in 1953<ref name="thehindu" /> as the music director for ''[[Do Bigha Zamin]]'' (1953). The movie was based on Tagore's poem by the same name, but the story was different and was written by Salil Chowdhury himself. Directed by [[Bimal Roy]], this film took his career to new heights when it became the first film to win the [[Filmfare Best Movie Award]] and won the international Prize at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].
<ref name="air">{{cite news |last1=Surer |first1=Bhuban |title=Rare interview – Salil Chowdhury |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_M-JbJPCXE |access-date=17 October 2018 |publisher=All India Radio}}</ref>
<ref name="air">{{cite news |last1=Surer |first1=Bhuban |title=Rare interview – Salil Chowdhury |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_M-JbJPCXE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/x_M-JbJPCXE |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|access-date=17 October 2018 |publisher=All India Radio}}{{cbignore}}</ref>


After working for about 20 years in Bengali and Hindi films, he entered the [[Malayalam]] film industry and, in 1964, composed music for the movie [[Chemmeen]].<ref name="thehindu" /> He went on to compose music for films in 13 languages. This includes over 75 [[Hindi]] films, 41 [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] films, around 27 [[Malayalam]] films, and a few [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Oriya language|Oriya]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]] films. Asked about his method, Chowdhury described it thus – He would usually ask the film maker to explain the situation to him, then Chowdhury would compose a tune to suit the mood, and the lyric writer would set in words. This remained his practice for most of his films including Madhumati, in which Shailendra wrote the lyrics subsequently.<ref name="air" />
After working for about 20 years in Bengali and Hindi films, he entered the [[Malayalam]] film industry and, in 1964, composed music for the movie ''[[Chemmeen]]''.<ref name="thehindu" /> He went on to compose music for films in 13 languages. This includes over 75 [[Hindi]] films, 41 [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] films, around 27 [[Malayalam]] films, and a few [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Odia language|Odia]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]] films. Asked about his method, Chowdhury described it thus – He would usually ask the film maker to explain the situation to him, then Chowdhury would compose a tune to suit the mood, and the lyric writer would set in words. This remained his practice for most of his films including Madhumati, in which Shailendra wrote the lyrics subsequently.<ref name="air" />


Poet, Playwright, Short story writer, Salil also directed a film Pinjre Ke Panchhi starring Meena Kumari, Balraj Sahani and Mehmood based
During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|1971 Bangladesh Liberation War]], Chowdhury contributed to the programmes of the ''[[Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra]]'' based in Kolkata. His 1971 album ''Bangla Amar Bangla'' was meant for the liberation struggle. Later, when Chowdhury visited [[Bangladesh]] in 1990, he was given the welcome of a mass leader in [[Dhaka]]. Chowdhury was [[Posthumous award|posthumously awarded]] the Muktijoddha Maitreye Samman in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dasgupta|first=Priyanka|date=29 November 2021|title=How a secret radio station broadcast hope in 1971|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-a-secret-radio-station-broadcast-hope-in-1971/articleshow/87964549.cms|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
on his own story and screenplay in 1966.
 
Salil Chowdhury was the Founder of Bombay Youth Choir, the first ever Secular Choir in India in 1958 as its composer and conductor -
Poet, Playwright, Short story writer, Salil also directed a film Pinjre Ke Panchhi starring Meena Kumari, Balraj Sahani and Mehmood based on his own story and screenplay in 1966. Salil Chowdhury was the Founder of Bombay Youth Choir, the first ever Secular Choir in India in 1958 as its composer and conductor - he inspired scores of secular choir groups to be formed throughout India formulating a new genre of music using vocal polyphony for Indian Folk and Contemporary Music.
he inspired scores of secular choir groups to be formed throughout India formulating a new genre of music using vocal polyphony for
Indian Folk and Contemporary Music.


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
Salil Chowdhury was married to the painter Jyoti Chowdhury in July 1953. He had three daughters with her — Aloka, Tulika and Lipika. Later, he moved in with singer Sabita Chowdhury, with whom he had two sons, Sukanta and Sanjoy, and two daughters, Antara and Sanchari. [[Sanjoy Chowdhury]] is a successful music composer and has scored music for over 100 feature films. Sabita Chowdhury was a legendary singer and their daughter [[Antara Chowdhury]] too a known singer. Smt. Sabita Chowdhury died on 29 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 June 2017|title=Singer Sabita Chowdhury dies|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/singer-sabita-chowdhury-dies/1087034|access-date=29 June 2017|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref>
Salil Chowdhury married the painter Jyoti Chowdhury in July 1952 in a temple. He had three daughters with her – Aloka, Tulika and Lipika. Later, he had a court marriage with singer [[Sabita Chowdhury|Sabita Banerjee]], with whom he had two sons, Sukanta and Sanjoy, and two daughters, Antara and Sanchari. [[Sanjoy Chowdhury]] is a successful music composer and has scored music for over 100 feature films. Sabita Chowdhury was a legendary singer and their daughter [[Antara Chowdhury]] too a known singer. Smt. Sabita Chowdhury died on 29 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 June 2017|title=Singer Sabita Chowdhury dies|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/singer-sabita-chowdhury-dies/1087034|access-date=29 June 2017|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref>


== Legacy ==
== Legacy ==
[[File:Salil Chowdhury 2013 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Chowdhury on a 2013 stamp of India]]
[[File:Salil Chowdhury 2013 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Chowdhury on a 2013 stamp of India]]
*Salil's music was a blending of Eastern and the Western music traditions. He had once said: "I want to create a style which shall transcend borders – a genre which is emphatic and polished, but never predictable".<ref name="medium">{{cite web|url= https://medium.com/@Bollywoodirect/remembering-salil-chowdhury-on-his-22nd-death-anniversary-c36692999c9d|title=Remembering Salil Chowdhury on his 22nd death anniversary|publisher=mediu,.com|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> He dabbled in a lot of things and it was his ambition to achieve greatness in everything he did.<ref name="medium" /> But at times, his confusion was fairly evident: "I do not know what to opt for: poetry, story writing, orchestration or composing for films. I just try to be creative with what fits the moment and my temperament", he once told a journalist.<ref name="medium" />
*Salil's music was a blending of Eastern and the Western music traditions. He had once said: "I want to create a style which shall transcend borders – a genre which is emphatic and polished, but never predictable".<ref name="medium">{{cite web|url= https://medium.com/@Bollywoodirect/remembering-salil-chowdhury-on-his-22nd-death-anniversary-c36692999c9d|title=Remembering Salil Chowdhury on his 22nd death anniversary|date=5 September 2017 |publisher=mediu,.com|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> He dabbled in a lot of things and it was his ambition to achieve greatness in everything he did.<ref name="medium" /> But at times, his confusion was fairly evident: "I do not know what to opt for: poetry, story writing, orchestration or composing for films. I just try to be creative with what fits the moment and my temperament", he once told a journalist.<ref name="medium" />
*Salil's love for Western classical music started when he was a young boy growing up in an Assam tea garden where his father worked as a doctor. His father inherited a large number of western classical records and a gramophone from a departing Irish doctor. While Salil listened to [[Mozart]], [[Beethoven]], [[Tchaikovsky]], [[Chopin]], and others everyday, his daily life was surrounded by the sound of the forest, chirping of the birds, sound of the flute and the local folk-music of Assam.<ref name="medium" /> This left a lasting impression in young Salil. He became a self-taught flute player and his favourite composer was Mozart. His compositions often used folk melodies or melodies based on Indian classical [[raga]]s but the orchestration was very much western in its construction. According to his daughter Antara, (Ref.: Ek Fankar @ Vividbharati Radio Programme at 10.00&nbsp;pm on 19 November 2013), Salil himself once joked that he was Mozart, reborn.
*Salil's love for Western classical music started when he was a young boy growing up in an Assam tea garden where his father worked as a doctor. His father inherited a large number of western classical records and a gramophone from a departing Irish doctor. While Salil listened to [[Mozart]], [[Beethoven]], [[Tchaikovsky]], [[Chopin]], and others everyday, his daily life was surrounded by the sound of the forest, chirping of the birds, sound of the flute and the local folk-music of Assam.<ref name="medium" /> This left a lasting impression in young Salil. He became a self-taught flute player and his favourite composer was Mozart. His compositions often used folk melodies or melodies based on Indian classical [[raga]]s but the orchestration was very much western in its construction. According to his daughter Antara, (Ref.: Ek Fankar @ Vividbharati Radio Programme at 10.00&nbsp;pm on 19 November 2013), Salil himself once joked that he was Mozart, reborn.
*Salil being a composing exponent, he even sensed the talent of a guitarist who played in his orchestra and uttered that, "I think he’s going to be the best composer in India".<ref name="One of a kind">{{cite web|title=One of a kind|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/one-of-a-kind/article3752336.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 August 2012}}</ref> The guitarist eventually turned out to be [[Ilaiyaraaja|Maestro Ilaiyaraaja]]. [[A. R. Rahman|A. R Rahman]]'s father, R. K Shekhar used to conduct Salil Chowdhury's arrangements in South Indian film music. Rahman once said that his musical understanding was greatly influenced by the musical sessions conducted by Salil Chowdhury.<ref name="thehindu" />
*Salil being a composing exponent, he even sensed the talent of a guitarist who played in his orchestra and uttered that, "I think he’s going to be the best composer in India".<ref name="One of a kind">{{cite news|title=One of a kind|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/one-of-a-kind/article3752336.ece|work=The Hindu|date=10 August 2012 |access-date=11 August 2012}}</ref> The guitarist eventually turned out to be [[Ilaiyaraaja|Maestro Ilaiyaraaja]]. [[A. R. Rahman|A. R Rahman]]'s father, R. K Shekhar used to conduct Salil Chowdhury's arrangements in South Indian film music. Rahman once said that his musical understanding was greatly influenced by the musical sessions conducted by Salil Chowdhury.<ref name="thehindu" />
*"The Salil Chowdhury Foundation of Music, Social Help & Education Trust" was created in 2002 by Sabita Chowdhury, wife, and Antara Chowdhury, daughter of the late composer, to carry forward the legacy and preserve the works of Salil Chowdhury. In 2015 the Salil Chowdhury Memorial Concert and Honours were established in memory of the Genius to honour some of the greatest Indian singers and musicians.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Salil Chowdhury Memorial Concert and Honors |url=http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2015/11/27/the-salil-chowdhury-memorial-concert-and-honors-celebrating-the-contribution-of-some-of-the-greatest-indian-musicians/|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>
*"The Salil Chowdhury Foundation of Music, Social Help & Education Trust" was created in 2002 by Sabita Chowdhury, wife, and Antara Chowdhury, daughter of the late composer, to carry forward the legacy and preserve the works of Salil Chowdhury. In 2015 the Salil Chowdhury Memorial Concert and Honours were established in memory of the Genius to honour some of the greatest Indian singers and musicians.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Salil Chowdhury Memorial Concert and Honors |url=http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2015/11/27/the-salil-chowdhury-memorial-concert-and-honors-celebrating-the-contribution-of-some-of-the-greatest-indian-musicians/|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>


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'''<u>Hindi</u>'''
'''<u>Hindi</u>'''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year'''
!Year
|'''Film'''
!Film
|-
|-
|1953
|1953
|Do Bighaa Zameen
|[[Do Bigha Zamin]]
|-
|-
|1954
|1954
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|-
|-
|1958
|1958
|Madhumati
|[[Madhumati]]
|-
|-
|1959
|1959
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|Mera Damaad
|Mera Damaad
|}
|}
{| class="navbox" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;"
|-
! style="background-color: #ffd8a0;" | '''Salil Chowdhury Filmography'''
|-
|
{| class="sortable wikitable"
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ Salil Chowdhury Filmography (Detailed)
|-
|-
! width="5%" |Year !! width="10%" | Title !! width="10%" | Language !! width="10%" | Other Notes !! width="10%" | Director
! width="5%" |Year !! width="10%" | Title !! width="10%" | Language !! width="10%" | Other Notes !! width="10%" | Director
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| 1961 || ''Sapne Suhane'' || Hindi || ||
| 1961 || ''Sapne Suhane'' || Hindi || ||
|-
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Half Ticket]]'' || Hindi || ||
| 1962 || ''[[Half Ticket (1962 film)|Half Ticket]]'' || Hindi || ||
|-
|-
| 1962 || ''Sunbai'' || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || ||
| 1962 || ''Sunbai'' || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || ||
Line 332: Line 327:
| 1974 || ''[[Nellu (1974 film)|Nellu]]'' || Malayalam || ||
| 1974 || ''[[Nellu (1974 film)|Nellu]]'' || Malayalam || ||
|-
|-
| 1974 || ''Chairman Chalumayya'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || ||
| 1974 || ''Chairman Chalamayya'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || ||
|-
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Rajnigandha]]'' || Hindi || ||
| 1974 || ''[[Rajnigandha]]'' || Hindi || ||
Line 344: Line 339:
| 1975 || ''[[Chhoti Si Baat]]'' || Hindi || ||
| 1975 || ''[[Chhoti Si Baat]]'' || Hindi || ||
|-
|-
| 1975 || ''Prateekshaa'' || Malayalam || ||
| 1979 || ''[[Pratheeksha]]'' || Malayalam || ||
|-
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Neela Ponman]]'' || Malayalam || ||
| 1975 || ''[[Neela Ponman]]'' || Malayalam || ||
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| 1981 || ''[[Chehre Pe Chehra]]'' || Hindi || [[film score|Background Score]] only ||
| 1981 || ''[[Chehre Pe Chehra]]'' || Hindi || [[film score|Background Score]] only ||
|-
|-
| 1981 || ''Batasi Jhada'' || [[Oriya language|Oriya]] || ||
| 1981 || ''Batasi Jhada'' || [[Odia language|Odia]] || ||
|-
|-
| 1981 || ''Plot No. 5'' || Hindi || [[film score|Background Score]] only ||
| 1981 || ''Plot No. 5'' || Hindi || [[film score|Background Score]] only ||
Line 478: Line 473:
| 1995 || ''Agar Aisa Ho Toh'' || Hindi || Television series ||
| 1995 || ''Agar Aisa Ho Toh'' || Hindi || Television series ||
|}
|}
|}
'''<u>Bengali</u>'''
'''<u>Bengali</u>'''  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year'''
!Year
|'''Film'''
!Film
|-
|-
|1949
|1949
Line 631: Line 625:
|-
|-
|1975
|1975
|Thomasleeha (or St. Thomas)
|[[Thomasleeha]] / St. Thomas)
|-
|1975
|Prateekshaa
|-
|-
|1976
|1976
Line 643: Line 634:
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
|Dweep (''background music only'')
|[[Dweepu]] (''background music only'')
|-
|-
|1977
|1977
|[[Vishukkani|Vishukkanni]]
|-
|1978
|[[Samayamaayilla Polum|Samayamayilla polum]]
|[[Samayamaayilla Polum|Samayamayilla polum]]
|-
|-
|1977
|1978
|[[Etho Oru Swapnam]]
|[[Etho Oru Swapnam]]
|-
|-
|1977
|1978
|[[Madanolsavam]]
|[[Madanolsavam]]
|-
|-
|1977
|1978
|[[Vishukkani|Vishukkanni]]
|Devdasi (Unreleased)
|-
|-
|1978
|1978
|Devdasi
|[[Ee Ganam Marakkumo]]
|-
|-
|1979
|1978
|E Ganam Marakkumo
|[[Chuvanna Chirakukal]]
|-
|-
|1979
|1979
|Chuvanna Chirakkukal
|[[Pratheeksha]]
|-
|-
|1979
|1979
|Puthiya Velicham
|[[Puthiya Velicham]]
|-
|-
|1980
|1980
|Air Hostess
|[[Air Hostess]]
|-
|-
|1982
|1982
|Anthiveylile Ponnu
|[[Anthiveyilile Ponnu]]
|-
|1985
|[[Vellam]] (''background music only'')
|-
|-
|1984
|1991
|Vellam (''background music only'')
|[[Vasthuhara]] (''background music only'')
|-
|-
|1990
|1992
|Vaasthuhaara (''background music only'')
|Thamburan (Unreleased)
|-
|-
|1994
|1995
|[[Thumboli Kadappuram]]
|[[Thumboli Kadappuram]]
|}
|}
'''<u>Others</u>'''
'''<u>Others</u>'''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Language'''
!Language
|'''Year'''
!Year
|'''Film'''
!Film
|-
|-
|Tamil
|Tamil
Line 730: Line 727:
|Chinna Ninna Muddaduve; Kokila
|Chinna Ninna Muddaduve; Kokila
|-
|-
|Gujrati
|Gujarati
|1978
|1978
|Ghar Sansaar
|Ghar Sansaar
|-
|-
|Assameese
|Assamese
|1970
|1970
|Aparajeyo
|Aparajeyo
|-
|-
|Assameese
|Assamese
|1985
|1985


1989
1989
|Manas Kanya
|Manas Kanya


Bangshadhar
Bangshadhar


(Bankground Score)
(Bankground Score)


|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Oriya
Odia
|1981
|1981
|Batasi Jhada
|Batasi Jhada
Line 773: Line 759:
== Discography ==
== Discography ==
List of some songs for which music or lyrics were composed by Salil Chowdhury (in alphabetical order)
List of some songs for which music or lyrics were composed by Salil Chowdhury (in alphabetical order)
{| class="navbox" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;"
|-
! style="background-color: #ffd8a0;" | '''Salil Chowdhury Discography'''
|-
|
{| class="sortable wikitable"
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ Salil Chowdhury Discography
|-
|-
! width="5%" |Year
! width="5%" |Year
Line 842: Line 824:
| 1947 || ''Bichaarpoti tomaar bichaar korbey jaaraa'' || Chorus || Bangla || IPTA || Salil Chowdhury || Salil Chowdhury
| 1947 || ''Bichaarpoti tomaar bichaar korbey jaaraa'' || Chorus || Bangla || IPTA || Salil Chowdhury || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
| 1954 || ''Bodhua lagiya basraso sajanu'' || – || Bangla || ''Aaj Sandhyay'' || – || Salil Chowdhury
| 1954 || {{Lang|bn-latn|Bodhua lagiya basraso sajanu}} || – || Bangla || ''Aaj Sandhyay'' || – || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
| 1957 || ''Bole pihu pihu pi papiharaa'' || [[Lata Mangeshkar]] || Hindi|| ''Ek Gaaon Ki Kahaani'' || [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] || Salil Chowdhury
| 1957 || ''Bole pihu pihu pi papiharaa'' || [[Lata Mangeshkar]] || Hindi|| ''Ek Gaaon Ki Kahaani'' || [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
| 1956 || ''Bone noy mone aaj ronger mela'' || Sandhya Mukhopadhyay || Bangla || ''Raat Bhore'' || Gouriprasanna Mazumdar || Salil Chowdhury
| 1956 || {{Lang|bn-latn|Bone noy mone aaj ronger mela}} || Sandhya Mukhopadhyay || Bangla || ''Raat Bhore'' || Gouriprasanna Mazumdar || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
| 1954 || ''Bristi pare tapur tupur'' || Hiralal Sarkhel || Bangla || IPTA || Bhaskar Bose || Salil Chowdhury
| 1954 || ''Bristi pare tapur tupur'' || Hiralal Sarkhel || Bangla || IPTA || Bhaskar Bose || Salil Chowdhury
Line 994: Line 976:
| 1955 || ''Mai.n lut gayee duniyaa waalo.n'' || Lata Mangeskar || Hindi || ''Taangewaali'' || Prem Dhawan || Salil Chowdhury
| 1955 || ''Mai.n lut gayee duniyaa waalo.n'' || Lata Mangeskar || Hindi || ''Taangewaali'' || Prem Dhawan || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
| 1954 || ''Meghe meghe rim jhim'' || Alpana Banerjee || Bangla || ''Aaj Sandhyay'' || Anil Chatterjee || Salil Chowdhury
| 1954 || {{Lang|bn-latn|Meghe meghe rim jhim}} || Alpana Banerjee || Bangla || ''Aaj Sandhyay'' || Anil Chatterjee || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
| 1957 || ''Mera dil dil dil dil dil laa...'' || Asha Vonsle || Hindi || ''Aparadhi Kaun'' || Majrooh || Salil Chowdhury
| 1957 || ''Mera dil dil dil dil dil laa...'' || Asha Vonsle || Hindi || ''Aparadhi Kaun'' || Majrooh || Salil Chowdhury
Line 1,028: Line 1,010:
| 1954 || ''Om namo namo'' || Hemanta Mukherjee || Hindi || ''Biraj Bahoo'' || Prem Dhawan || Salil Chowdhury
| 1954 || ''Om namo namo'' || Hemanta Mukherjee || Hindi || ''Biraj Bahoo'' || Prem Dhawan || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
| 1980 || ''Onnam kunnin'' from "''chhotasa ghar hoga''"|| K.J.Yesudas || Malayalam || [[Air Hostess (1980 film)|Air Hostess]] || ONV Kurup || Salil Chowdhury
| 1980 || ''Onnam kunnin'' from "''chhotasa ghar hoga''"|| K.J.Yesudas || Malayalam || [[Air Hostess (1980 film)|Air Hostess]]|| ONV Kurup || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
| 1960 || ''Ogo ar kichu to nai'' || [[Lata Mangeshkar]] || Bangla || Puja Album || Salil Chowdhury || Salil Chowdhury
| 1960 || ''Ogo ar kichu to nai'' || [[Lata Mangeshkar]] || Bangla || Puja Album || Salil Chowdhury || Salil Chowdhury
Line 1,100: Line 1,082:
| 1958 || ''Zulmi Sang Aankh Ladi'' || [[Lata Mangeshkar]] || Hindi|| ''[[Madhumati]]'' || [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] || Salil Chowdhury
| 1958 || ''Zulmi Sang Aankh Ladi'' || [[Lata Mangeshkar]] || Hindi|| ''[[Madhumati]]'' || [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] || Salil Chowdhury
|-
|-
|}
|}
|}
IPTA:: Indian People's Theater Association
IPTA:: Indian People's Theater Association
Line 1,114: Line 1,095:
'''Winner''' – [[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#All India Certificate of Merit|All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film]]
'''Winner''' – [[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#All India Certificate of Merit|All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film]]


[[1954 Cannes Film Festival|7th Cannes Film Festival]] (1954)<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3829/year/1954.html |title=Festival de Cannes: ''Do Bigha Zamin'' |access-date=25 January 2009 |work=festival-cannes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204192851/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3829/year/1954.html |archive-date=4 February 2012 }}</ref>
[[1954 Cannes Film Festival|7th Cannes Film Festival]] (1954)<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3829/year/1954.html |title=Festival de Cannes: ''Do Bigha Zamin'' |access-date=25 January 2009 |work=festival-cannes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204192851/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3829/year/1954.html |archive-date=4 February 2012 }}</ref>
'''Winner''' – Prix International ([[1954 Cannes Film Festival#International Prize|International Prize]])
'''Winner''' – Prix International ([[1954 Cannes Film Festival#International Prize|International Prize]])
Nominated – [[Palme d'Or|Grand Prize]] (Best Film)
Nominated – [[Palme d'Or|Grand Prize]] (Best Film)
Line 1,124: Line 1,105:
A Malayalam film directed by Ramu Kariat, based on a novel of the same name written by the renowned writer Thakazhy Shivshankar Pillai, where Music Direction was done by Salil Chowdhury.
A Malayalam film directed by Ramu Kariat, based on a novel of the same name written by the renowned writer Thakazhy Shivshankar Pillai, where Music Direction was done by Salil Chowdhury.


Recipient of President's Gold Medal in 1965.
Recipient of president's gold medal in 1965.


;1958 – ''[[Madhumati]]''
;1958 – ''[[Madhumati]]''
Line 1,138: Line 1,119:
;1988 – Salil Chowdhury received [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
;1988 – Salil Chowdhury received [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]


The Maharahtra Gaurav Puraskar Award in 1990
The Maharashtra Gaurav Puraskar Award in 1990


Posthumously he was awarded the Mukti Judhho Maitreyi Samman Award by the Govt
Posthumously he was awarded the Mukti Judhho Maitreyi Samman Award by the Govt
Line 1,150: Line 1,131:
== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
*{{cite web|author=Sabita Chowdhury |date=5 September 2015 |title=উজ্জ্বল এক ঝাঁক সলিল |url= http://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/patrika/special-write-up-and-memorabilia-on-salil-chowdhury-on-his-death-anniversary-1.202766|publisher= Ananda Bazar Patrika|access-date=16 November 2017 }}
*{{cite web|author=Sabita Chowdhury |date=5 September 2015 |title=উজ্জ্বল এক ঝাঁক সলিল |url= http://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/patrika/special-write-up-and-memorabilia-on-salil-chowdhury-on-his-death-anniversary-1.202766|publisher= Ananda Bazar Patrika|access-date=16 November 2017 }}
*{{cite book |author=Salil Chowdhury |title=Salil Chowdhury Rachana Sangraha |location=Kolkata|publisher= Dey`s Publishing |isbn= 978-81-295-1952-8}}
*{{cite book |author=Salil Chowdhury |title=Salil Chowdhury Rachana Sangraha |year=2013 |location=Kolkata|publisher= Dey`s Publishing |isbn= 978-81-295-1952-8}}
*{{cite book |author=Samir Kumar Gupta |title=Salil Chowdhury |location=Kolkata|isbn= 978-81-921-0890-2|year= 2011 }}
*{{cite book |author=Samir Kumar Gupta |title=Salil Chowdhury |location=Kolkata|isbn= 978-81-921-0890-2|year= 2011 }}
*{{cite book |editor=Samir Kumar Gupta |title=Salil Chowdhury's First Life And Mass Songs |location=Kolkata|publisher= Miley Mishey |page= 391|isbn= 978-81-921-0890-2|year= 2016 }}
*{{cite book |editor=Samir Kumar Gupta |title=Salil Chowdhury's First Life And Mass Songs |location=Kolkata|publisher= Miley Mishey |page= 391|isbn= 978-81-921-0890-2|year= 2016 }}
*{{cite book |author=Suresh Rao |title=Salil Chowdhury – The Non-Conformist Genius |location=Kolkata|publisher= Jain Book Agency |page= 391|year= 2008 }}
*{{cite book |author=Suresh Rao |title=Salil Chowdhury – The Non-Conformist Genius |location=Kolkata|publisher= Jain Book Agency |page= 391|year= 2008 }}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Salil Chowdhury}}
 
*[http://www.salilda.com/ A comprehensive website on Salil Chowdhury]
*[http://www.salilda.com/ A comprehensive website on Salil Chowdhury]
*{{IMDb name|id=0006005 | name = Salil Chowdhury }}
*{{IMDb name|id=0006005 | name = Salil Chowdhury }}
Line 1,164: Line 1,145:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Salil}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Salil}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:People from South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:People from South 24 Parganas district]]
Line 1,171: Line 1,152:
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Hindi film score composers]]
[[Category:Hindi film score composers]]
[[Category:Assamese film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:Indian People's Theatre Association people]]
[[Category:Indian People's Theatre Association people]]
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