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*'''Use the singular.''' For example, if you added a new article about cars, you would name it "[[Car]]", not "Cars". (This rule is different for making categories, though.) | *'''Use the singular.''' For example, if you added a new article about cars, you would name it "[[Car]]", not "Cars". (This rule is different for making categories, though.) | ||
*'''Use English.''' If you make a new article about the capital of Russia, you would name it "[[Moscow]]", not "Moskva". See [[ | *'''Use English.''' If you make a new article about the capital of Russia, you would name it "[[Moscow]]", not "Moskva". See [[Bharatpedia:Naming conventions]] for more examples. | ||
*'''Do not use abbreviations.''' An article on the [[World Health Organization]] should not be titled "WHO". | *'''Do not use abbreviations.''' An article on the [[World Health Organization]] should not be titled "WHO". | ||
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*To decide which format is best for an article, use the following guidelines: | *To decide which format is best for an article, use the following guidelines: | ||
*#'''Consistent format''' | *#'''Consistent format''' | ||
*#* Dates in the body text and in the [[ | *#* Dates in the body text and in the [[Bharatpedia:Citing sources|references]] or footnotes of an article should all have the same format. | ||
*#* However, if dates are in a different format in titles of books and articles, or in quotations, do not change the format of those dates. | *#* However, if dates are in a different format in titles of books and articles, or in quotations, do not change the format of those dates. | ||
*#'''Strong national ties to a topic''': An article on a topic with strong ties to a particular English-speaking country should generally use the more common date format for that nation. For example, it may be more suitable to use the "14 February 1990" format in an article about a person from the United Kingdom, and "February 14, 1990" in one about an event that happened in the United States. | *#'''Strong national ties to a topic''': An article on a topic with strong ties to a particular English-speaking country should generally use the more common date format for that nation. For example, it may be more suitable to use the "14 February 1990" format in an article about a person from the United Kingdom, and "February 14, 1990" in one about an event that happened in the United States. | ||
*#'''Keeping the format already used''': | *#'''Keeping the format already used''': | ||
*#* If one format is already used in most parts of an article, the whole article should use that format unless there are reasons for changing it because of strong national ties to the topic. | *#* If one format is already used in most parts of an article, the whole article should use that format unless there are reasons for changing it because of strong national ties to the topic. | ||
*#* If an article is fairly new, the date format chosen by the first editor who makes big changes to the article should be used, unless there is reason to change it because of strong national ties to the topic. Where an article that is not a [[ | *#* If an article is fairly new, the date format chosen by the first editor who makes big changes to the article should be used, unless there is reason to change it because of strong national ties to the topic. Where an article that is not a [[Bharatpedia:Stub|stub]] shows no clear sign of which format is used, the first person to insert a date is considered to be the first editor who makes a big change to the article. | ||
* '''Wikilinks''': It is not necessary to add [[#wikilinking|wikilinks]] to all dates, like this: "<tt><nowiki>[[25 March]] [[2004]]</nowiki></tt>" or "<tt><nowiki>[[February 10]]</nowiki></tt>"). Only add a wikilink if you think the reader will find useful information at the date-related article you have linked to. | * '''Wikilinks''': It is not necessary to add [[#wikilinking|wikilinks]] to all dates, like this: "<tt><nowiki>[[25 March]] [[2004]]</nowiki></tt>" or "<tt><nowiki>[[February 10]]</nowiki></tt>"). Only add a wikilink if you think the reader will find useful information at the date-related article you have linked to. | ||
* '''Date ranges'''. When a range of dates involves only numbers, type an en dash between the numbers with no spaces around it ("5–7 January 1979"; "January 5–7, 2002"). When the opening and/or closing dates have internal spaces, type an en dash with a space before and after it ("5 January – 18 February 1979"; "January 5 – February 18, 1979"). | * '''Date ranges'''. When a range of dates involves only numbers, type an en dash between the numbers with no spaces around it ("5–7 January 1979"; "January 5–7, 2002"). When the opening and/or closing dates have internal spaces, type an en dash with a space before and after it ("5 January – 18 February 1979"; "January 5 – February 18, 1979"). | ||
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*In articles about chemicals and chemistry, use the style of the [[IUPAC|International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) for chemical names. In article titles, the common name should be used if it is different from the IUPAC name. The common name should then be followed in the article by the IUPAC name. | *In articles about chemicals and chemistry, use the style of the [[IUPAC|International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) for chemical names. In article titles, the common name should be used if it is different from the IUPAC name. The common name should then be followed in the article by the IUPAC name. | ||
*In periodic table groups, use the IUPAC names (these use [[Arabic numerals]], not [[Roman numeral]]s or letters). | *In periodic table groups, use the IUPAC names (these use [[Arabic numerals]], not [[Roman numeral]]s or letters). | ||
*For mathematics and mathematical formulas, see [[:en: | *For mathematics and mathematical formulas, see [[:en:Bharatpedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)]]. | ||
==Simple tables== | ==Simple tables== | ||
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==Usage and spelling== | ==Usage and spelling== | ||
:''See also: [[ | :''See also: [[Bharatpedia:Spelling]]'' | ||
===Usage=== | ===Usage=== | ||
Singular nouns that already end in ''s'' can sometimes be made possessive either by adding simply an apostrophe, or an apostrophe with another ''s'', depending on the writer's choice. When a particular word or phrase is much more common without the ''s'' after the apostrophe, do not use it, such as with "Achilles' heel" and "Jesus' tears". | Singular nouns that already end in ''s'' can sometimes be made possessive either by adding simply an apostrophe, or an apostrophe with another ''s'', depending on the writer's choice. When a particular word or phrase is much more common without the ''s'' after the apostrophe, do not use it, such as with "Achilles' heel" and "Jesus' tears". | ||
*Abbreviations of Latin words like ''i.e.'', ''e.g.'', or ''n.b.'', or use of the Latin words in full, such as "nota bene" or "vide infra", should only be in an article if it is used in a quotation. Instead, the words should be written in Simple English such as: "in other words", "for example", "such as" or "note". | *Abbreviations of Latin words like ''i.e.'', ''e.g.'', or ''n.b.'', or use of the Latin words in full, such as "nota bene" or "vide infra", should only be in an article if it is used in a quotation. Instead, the words should be written in Simple English such as: "in other words", "for example", "such as" or "note". | ||
*Try to use words that have only one meaning, instead of words that can have many meanings. Remember that the person who is reading the article may not know all the possible meanings of a word. | *Try to use words that have only one meaning, instead of words that can have many meanings. Remember that the person who is reading the article may not know all the possible meanings of a word. | ||
*See also '''[[ | *See also '''[[Bharatpedia:Examples of simpler English]]''' for many more usage tips. | ||
===Avoid second-person pronouns=== | ===Avoid second-person pronouns=== | ||
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This guideline does not apply to quoted text. It should be quoted exactly, even if it uses ''you''. | This guideline does not apply to quoted text. It should be quoted exactly, even if it uses ''you''. | ||
This guideline also does not apply to pages in the " | This guideline also does not apply to pages in the "Bharatpedia:" namespace, or Templates, etc. As with all of these guidelines, it is for the main encyclopedia articles themselves. | ||
===Avoid first-person pronouns and ''one''=== | ===Avoid first-person pronouns and ''one''=== | ||
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* '''The same spelling system and grammar rules should be used throughout an article.''' | * '''The same spelling system and grammar rules should be used throughout an article.''' | ||
** Each article should have the same spelling within it and not a mix of different spellings. Different spellings can be confusing to the reader. For example, do not use ''center'' and ''centre'' in the same article (except in quotations or to make a comparison). | ** Each article should have the same spelling within it and not a mix of different spellings. Different spellings can be confusing to the reader. For example, do not use ''center'' and ''centre'' in the same article (except in quotations or to make a comparison). | ||
** If an article is mostly written in one type of English, try to use that type instead of changing to another. (Sometimes, this can happen quite innocently, so please [[ | ** If an article is mostly written in one type of English, try to use that type instead of changing to another. (Sometimes, this can happen quite innocently, so please [[Bharatpedia:Assume good faith|do not assume too quickly that the editor is trying to cause problems]]!) | ||
* '''If there is a strong relationship to a specific region or dialect, use that dialect.''' | * '''If there is a strong relationship to a specific region or dialect, use that dialect.''' | ||
** Proper names should keep their original spellings, for example, ''[[United States Department of Defense]]'' and ''[[Australian Defence Force]]''. | ** Proper names should keep their original spellings, for example, ''[[United States Department of Defense]]'' and ''[[Australian Defence Force]]''. | ||
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** If an article has been in a dialect for a long time, and there is no clear reason to change it, leave it alone. Editors should not change the spelling used in an article from one dialect to another unless there is a very good reason to do so (this is rarely the case). Other editors can revert such changes. Fixing any inconsistencies in the spelling is always appreciated. | ** If an article has been in a dialect for a long time, and there is no clear reason to change it, leave it alone. Editors should not change the spelling used in an article from one dialect to another unless there is a very good reason to do so (this is rarely the case). Other editors can revert such changes. Fixing any inconsistencies in the spelling is always appreciated. | ||
* '''Follow the dialect of the first contributor.''' | * '''Follow the dialect of the first contributor.''' | ||
** If all else fails, consider following the spelling style preferred by the first major contributor (that is, not a [[ | ** If all else fails, consider following the spelling style preferred by the first major contributor (that is, not a [[Bharatpedia:Stub|stub]]) to the article. | ||
For pages on the different varieties of English, see [[:Category:Dialects of English]]. | For pages on the different varieties of English, see [[:Category:Dialects of English]]. | ||
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==Images== | ==Images== | ||
:''For general help on how to use images see [[:en: | :''For general help on how to use images see [[:en:Bharatpedia:Picture tutorial]]'' | ||
:''For rules on using images on Simple English Wikipedia see [[ | :''For rules on using images on Simple English Wikipedia see [[Bharatpedia:Image use policy]]'' | ||
{{shortcut|MOS:IMAGES}} | {{shortcut|MOS:IMAGES}} | ||
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==Identity== | ==Identity== | ||
There are some rules to follow when talking about identity. Wikipedia’s [[ | There are some rules to follow when talking about identity. Wikipedia’s [[Bharatpedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] and [[:en:Bharatpedia:No original research|no original research]] policies always should be followed first, but these guidelines may help: | ||
*If possible, use English words that subjects would use for themselves, to avoid using terms that may be pejorative (insulting). For example: The French people call themselves "''les Français''", but this term is not used in English, so they are called "the French". | *If possible, use English words that subjects would use for themselves, to avoid using terms that may be pejorative (insulting). For example: The French people call themselves "''les Français''", but this term is not used in English, so they are called "the French". | ||
*Use more specific wording, where possible: People from Ghana (a country in Africa) should be described as "Ghanaian", not just "African". | *Use more specific wording, where possible: People from Ghana (a country in Africa) should be described as "Ghanaian", not just "African". | ||
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==Linking to other websites== | ==Linking to other websites== | ||
{{main| | {{main|Bharatpedia:Links to other websites}} | ||
Links to websites outside of Wikipedia can be listed at the end of an article or in the text of an article as an "embedded link". | Links to websites outside of Wikipedia can be listed at the end of an article or in the text of an article as an "embedded link". | ||
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=== Embedded links === | === Embedded links === | ||
{{main| | {{main|Bharatpedia:Citing sources}} | ||
Links to other websites can also be "embedded" directly within an article. These links generally have no description, but they will automatically be given a number by the software. For example, typing: | Links to other websites can also be "embedded" directly within an article. These links generally have no description, but they will automatically be given a number by the software. For example, typing: | ||
:<code><nowiki>Sample text [http://www.example.org]</nowiki></code>. | :<code><nowiki>Sample text [http://www.example.org]</nowiki></code>. | ||
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:Sample text [http://www.example.org]. | :Sample text [http://www.example.org]. | ||
An embedded link to other websites should have a [[ | An embedded link to other websites should have a [[Bharatpedia:Citing_sources|full citation]] in the article's References section. | ||
====References or Notes==== | ====References or Notes==== | ||
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===Related pages=== | ===Related pages=== | ||
A list of related pages should have a header named <code><nowiki>== Related pages ==</nowiki></code>, followed by a bulleted list of pages. These are pages that are on a similar topic. This section should be at the bottom of the article. For example this page could have a related page link to this one: | A list of related pages should have a header named <code><nowiki>== Related pages ==</nowiki></code>, followed by a bulleted list of pages. These are pages that are on a similar topic. This section should be at the bottom of the article. For example this page could have a related page link to this one: | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:Guide to layout]] | ||
Related topics should be grouped by subject area to make them easier to find. Please also give a brief sentence to explain if it is not clear how it is related. For example: | Related topics should be grouped by subject area to make them easier to find. Please also give a brief sentence to explain if it is not clear how it is related. For example: | ||
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==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
*[[:en: | *[[:en:Bharatpedia:Annotated article]] is a very good article, with notes that explain why it is good. | ||
*[[:en: | *[[:en:Bharatpedia:Avoiding common mistakes]] gives a list of common mistakes and how to avoid them. | ||
*[[:en: | *[[:en:Bharatpedia:Be bold in updating pages]] should define your attitude toward page updates. | ||
*[[:en: | *[[:en:Bharatpedia:Editing policy]] explains Wikipedia's general philosophy of editing. | ||
*[[:en: | *[[:en:Bharatpedia:Perfect stub article]] shows the minimum things that should be on a new article. | ||
*[[Style guide]], the Wikipedia entry on style guides. | *[[Style guide]], the Wikipedia entry on style guides. | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:Citing sources]] explains how to cite references in articles. | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:Guide to layout]] is an example of how to lay out an article. | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:How to copy-edit]] gives ideas on how to help existing articles. | ||
*[[Help:How to change pages| | *[[Help:How to change pages|Bharatpedia:How to edit a page]] is a short guide on editing pages and explains what codes are available to help. | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:How to write Simple English pages]] is a guide on how to write in Simple English. | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:Words to avoid in Simple English]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:Introduction]] is an introduction to the world of Wikipedia. | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:Rules|Bharatpedia:Policies and guidelines]] is the main page for policies and guidelines. | ||
*[[ | *[[Bharatpedia:What Wikipedia is not]] says what articles should ''not'' be. | ||
*[[Meta:Reading level]] (discussion) | *[[Meta:Reading level]] (discussion) | ||
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</noinclude> <!-- Note to editors: please do not remove noinclude tags --> | </noinclude> <!-- Note to editors: please do not remove noinclude tags --> | ||
<includeonly>[[ | <includeonly>[[Bharatpedia:Manual of Style]]</includeonly> | ||