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'''{{Transliteration|ar|Bihar al-Anwar}}''' ({{langx|ar|بِحَار ٱلْأَنْوَار|translit=Biḥār al-Anwār|lit=Seas of Lights}}) is a comprehensive collection of [[hadith]] (''pl.'' ahadith) compiled by [[Shia Islam|Shia]] scholar [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi]]. It is the secondary Shi'ite hadith verification source after [[the Four Books]]. | |||
'''{{Transliteration|ar|Bihar al-Anwar}}''' ({{langx|ar|بِحَار ٱلْأَنْوَار|translit=Biḥār al-Anwār|lit=Seas of Lights}}) is a comprehensive collection of [[hadith]] (''pl.'' ahadith) compiled by [[Shia]] scholar [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi]] | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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* ''Banādir al-Biḥār'' – by Fayḍ al-Islām | * ''Banādir al-Biḥār'' – by Fayḍ al-Islām | ||
* ''Muntakhab Biḥār al-Anwār'' – by Muḥammad Hādī ibn Murtaḍā al-Kāshānī | * ''Muntakhab Biḥār al-Anwār'' – by Muḥammad Hādī ibn Murtaḍā al-Kāshānī | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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*[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/bihar-al-anwaar/ Bihar al-Anwar Volumes 1 – 74 English Translation], compiled by Allamah Majlesi, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free. | *[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/bihar-al-anwaar/ Bihar al-Anwar Volumes 1 – 74 English Translation], compiled by Allamah Majlesi, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free. | ||
* [https://archive.org/details/62899227BiharAlAnwarVol515253ThePromisedMahdiEnglishTranslationPart1/page/n19/mode/2up Bihar Al-Anwar, Kitab al-Ghaybah (Vols. 51, 52 & 53) – The Promised Mahdi, English Translation Part 1] and [https://archive.org/details/BiharAlAnwarVol515253ThePromisedMahdiEnglishTranslationPart2/mode/2up Part 2], compiled by Allamah Majlesi, translated by Athar Husayn S.H. Rizvi, publicly available for free. | * [https://archive.org/details/62899227BiharAlAnwarVol515253ThePromisedMahdiEnglishTranslationPart1/page/n19/mode/2up Bihar Al-Anwar, Kitab al-Ghaybah (Vols. 51, 52 & 53) – The Promised Mahdi, English Translation Part 1] and [https://archive.org/details/BiharAlAnwarVol515253ThePromisedMahdiEnglishTranslationPart2/mode/2up Part 2], compiled by Allamah Majlesi, translated by Athar Husayn S.H. Rizvi, publicly available for free. | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bihar Al-Anwar}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Bihar Al-Anwar}} | ||
[[Category:Shia hadith collections]] | [[Category:Shia hadith collections]] | ||
[[Category:17th-century Arabic-language books]] | [[Category:17th-century Arabic-language books]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:47, 13 November 2026
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| Author | Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi |
|---|---|
| Language | Arabic |
Bihar al-Anwar (Arabic: بِحَار ٱلْأَنْوَار, romanized: Biḥār al-Anwār, lit. 'Seas of Lights') is a comprehensive collection of hadith (pl. ahadith) compiled by Shia scholar Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi. It is the secondary Shi'ite hadith verification source after the Four Books.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Bihar al-Anwar is the most comprehensive hadith collections, documenting over 100,000 items of Twelver Shia hadith along with Majlisi's commentary on these narrations.[1][2] He used about 400 sources written by such Sunni and Shia scholars as Shaykh al-Saduq, Shaykh Tusi, Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, Sharif al-Murtaza, Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili, Sayyed Ibn Tawus, Al-Hilli, Zayn al-Din al-Juba'i al'Amili.[3]
The full title of the book is:
Biḥār al-ʾAnwār al-Jāmiʿah li-Durar ʾAkhbār al-ʾAʾimmah al-Aṭhār
(Arabic: بِحَار ٱلْأَنْوَار ٱلْجَامِعَة لِدُرَر أَخْبَار ٱلَأَئِمَّة ٱلْأَطْهَار)
(lit. Oceans of Lights: The Compendium for Pearls of Traditions of the Pure Imams)
This lengthy title indicates Majlisi collected anything he had access to in the book.[2][1] His primary goal was to preserve the knowledge for future generations and prevent forgery.[4] Majlisi has acknowledged the forgery issue in the preface of Bihar al-Anwar, emphasizing that the traditions collected were not included without extensive scrutiny, although a consequence of his approach was that he has gathered both "pearls" and "pebbles".
The compilation of Bihar al-Anwar took 36 years, during which Majlisi received aid from other scholars and his students.
Author[edit | edit source]
Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi was born in 1617 in Isfahan, the capital city of the Persian Empire. A student of Mulla Sadra, he was described in the journal Orient as "an unprecedentedly influential author in the world of Imami Shi'ism".[5] On 1687, he was appointed as Sheikh ul-Islam of Isfahan by the emperor Sultan Husayn.[6] He developed the Twelver doctrine by investigating Shia and Sunni hadith. He wrote over 100 books in Arabic and Persian.[5][4]
Editions[edit | edit source]
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-, Biḥār al-nwār al-Jāmiʿahli-Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimmat al-Aṭhār [The Oceans of Lights: A Compendium of the Pearls of the Narrations of the Pure Imāms], 110 vols (Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Wafāʾ, 1983).
Commentaries[edit | edit source]
- Mashraʿa Biḥār al-Anwār – by Muḥammad Asif Mohseni
- Durrar al-Biḥār – by al-Mawlā Nūr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Murtaḍā
- Commentary on Biḥār al-Anwār – by ʿAbd al-Aʿlā al-Mūsawī al-Sabzawārī
- Gharīb al-Ḥadīth fī Biḥār al-Anwār (“Strange Expressions in Biḥār al-Anwār”) – by Ḥusayn al-Ḥusaynī al-Bīrjandī
- Anwār al-Biḥār – by Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Hādī al-Nāʾīnī
- Manāhil al-Abrār fī Talkhīṣ Biḥār al-Anwār – by Ḥusayn Dargāhī
- Talkhīṣ al-Biḥār – by al-Mīrzā Muḥammad Ṣādiq al-Shīrāzī
- Ḥadīqat al-Azhār fī Talkhīṣ al-Biḥār – by al-Mīrzā Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Nabī al-Nīshābūrī
- Talkhīṣ al-Anwār – by al-Mawlā Muḥammad Taqī, known as Āqā Najafī Iṣfahānī
- Mashrūʿ Biḥār al-Anwār (“Biḥār al-Anwār Project”) – by Muḥammad Āṣif Muḥsinī
- Talkhīṣ al-Biḥār – by al-Mīrzā Ibrāhīm ibn Ḥusayn ibn Ghafār al-Dunbulī al-Khūʾī
- Durrar al-Biḥār – by al-Mawlā Muḥammad Taqī ibn Muḥammad al-Khūʾī
- Banādir al-Biḥār – by Fayḍ al-Islām
- Muntakhab Biḥār al-Anwār – by Muḥammad Hādī ibn Murtaḍā al-Kāshānī
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ansari, Nasiruddin. "Bihar al-anwar (Oceans of Lights) is".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kohlberg, Etan. "BEḤĀR AL-ANWĀR".
- ↑ Muntazir Qa'im, Mahdi (18 November 2013). "Sources".
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Youngman Skreslet, Skreslet, Paula, Rebecca (2006). The Literature of Islam: A Guide to the Primary Sources in English Translation. Scarecrow Press (September 20, 2006). ISBN 978-0810854086.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 MATSUNAGA, Yasuyuki. "EXAMINING THE VIEWS OF 'ALLAMAH MAJLISI ON LEGITIMATE POLITICAL AUTHORITY (SULTANAT-I MASHRU'AH) AND THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THE JURIST (WILAYAT-I FAQIH)".
- ↑ Debating Muslims: Cultural Dialogues in Postmodernity and Tradition. University of Wisconsin Press; 1 edition (February 17, 2002). 1990. p. 471. ISBN 978-0299124342.
Mu 'jam al-mufahras li-alfaz ahadith Bihar al-anwar.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Bihar al-Anwar Volumes 1 – 74 English Translation, compiled by Allamah Majlesi, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free.
- Bihar Al-Anwar, Kitab al-Ghaybah (Vols. 51, 52 & 53) – The Promised Mahdi, English Translation Part 1 and Part 2, compiled by Allamah Majlesi, translated by Athar Husayn S.H. Rizvi, publicly available for free.