Me Too movement: Difference between revisions

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Replaced content with "The '''Me Too''' (or '''#MeToo''') '''movement''', with variations of related local or international names, is a social movement against sexual abuse and sexual..."

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Me Too movement: Difference between revisions

Me Too movement (edit)

Revision as of 18:09, 17 February 2021

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-{{Short description|Movement against sexual abuse and harassment}}
+The '''Me Too''' (or '''#MeToo''') '''movement''', with variations of related local or international names, is a [[social movement]] against [[sexual abuse]] and [[sexual harassment]] towards women, where people publicize allegations of sex crimes.<ref name="time17">{{cite news |url=http://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2017-silence-breakers/ |title=TIME Person of the Year 2018: The Silence Breakers |last=Edwards |first=Stephanie Zacharek, Eliana Dockterman, Haley Sweetland |website=Time|access-date=April 14, 2018}}</ref> The phrase "Me Too" was initially used in this context on [[social media]] in 2006, on [[Myspace]], by sexual harassment survivor and activist [[Tarana Burke]].
-{{Correct title|#MeToo movement|reason=#|edit=omission}}
-{{Redirect|MeToo||Me Too (disambiguation)}}
-{{Distinguish|MeTwo movement}}
-{{Use American English|date=January 2021}}
-{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
-{{Very long|date=February 2020}}
-[[File:Feminism and Media 2.jpg|thumb|Me Too movement sign at a march.]]
-{{Feminism sidebar}}
+Similar to other social justice and empowerment movements based upon breaking silence, the purpose of "Me Too", as initially voiced by Burke as well as those who later adopted the tactic, is to empower women through empathy and solidarity through strength in numbers, especially young and vulnerable women, by visibly demonstrating how many women have survived sexual assault and harassment, especially in the workplace.<ref name=WorkplaceForbes>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeshumanresourcescouncil/2017/12/20/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace-in-a-metoo-world/ |title=Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in A #MeToo World |last=Smartt |first=Nicole |website=Forbes |access-date=January 16, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116193245/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeshumanresourcescouncil/2017/12/20/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace-in-a-metoo-world/#7c439e1e5a42 |archive-date=January 16, 2018}}</ref>
-The '''Me Too''' (or '''#MeToo''') '''movement''', with variations of related local or international names, is a [[social movement]] against [[sexual abuse]] and [[sexual harassment]] towards women, where people publicize allegations of sex crimes.<ref name=":65" /><ref name="time17">{{cite news |url=http://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2017-silence-breakers/ |title=TIME Person of the Year 2018: The Silence Breakers |last=Edwards |first=Stephanie Zacharek, Eliana Dockterman, Haley Sweetland |website=Time|access-date=April 14, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Strause" /> The phrase "Me Too" was initially used in this context on [[social media]] in 2006, on [[Myspace]], by sexual harassment survivor and activist [[Tarana Burke]].<ref name=":1"/>
-Similar to other social justice and empowerment movements based upon breaking silence, the purpose of "Me Too", as initially voiced by Burke as well as those who later adopted the tactic, is to empower women through empathy and solidarity through strength in numbers, especially young and vulnerable women, by visibly demonstrating how many women have survived sexual assault and harassment, especially in the workplace.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="LA" /><ref name=WorkplaceForbes>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeshumanresourcescouncil/2017/12/20/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace-in-a-metoo-world/ |title=Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in A #MeToo World |last=Smartt |first=Nicole |website=Forbes |access-date=January 16, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116193245/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeshumanresourcescouncil/2017/12/20/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace-in-a-metoo-world/#7c439e1e5a42 |archive-date=January 16, 2018}}</ref>
 Following the exposure of the widespread [[Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations|sexual-abuse allegations]] against [[Harvey Weinstein]] in early October 2017,<ref name="Chuck">{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/metoo-hashtag-becomes-anti-sexual-harassment-assault-rallying-cry-n810986 |title=#MeToo: Alyssa Milano promotes hashtag that becomes anti-harassment rallying cry |publisher=[[NBC News]] |first=Elizabeth |last=Chuck |date=October 16, 2017 |access-date=October 16, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016153401/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/metoo-hashtag-becomes-anti-sexual-harassment-assault-rallying-cry-n810986 |archive-date=October 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/weinstein/ |title=Weinstein |work=FRONTLINE|access-date=July 12, 2018}}</ref> the movement began to spread [[Viral phenomenon|virally]] as a [[hashtag]] on social media.<ref name=WorkplaceForbes/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2017-silence-breakers-choice/|title=Why the Silence Breakers Are TIME's Person of the Year 2017|first=Edward|last=Felsenthal|website=Time}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Carlsen |first1=Audrey |title=#MeToo Brought Down 201 Powerful Men. Nearly Half of Their Replacements are Women. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/23/us/metoo-replacements.html?nl=top-stories&nlid=72995439ries&ref=cta |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref> On October 15, 2017, American actress [[Alyssa Milano]] posted on [[Twitter]], "If all the women who have been sexually harassed or assaulted wrote 'Me too' as a status, we might give people a sense of the magnitude of the problem," saying that she got the idea from a friend.<ref name="twitter.com">{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Alyssa_Milano/status/919659438700670976|title=If you've been sexually harassed or assaulted write 'me too' as a reply to this tweet.pic.twitter.com/k2oeCiUf9n|first=Alyssa|last=Milano|date=October 15, 2017}}</ref><ref name="yahoo.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/alyssa-milanos-metoo-hashtag-proves-shocking-amount-women-sexually-harassed-assaulted-154249582.html|title=Alyssa Milano's #MeToo hashtag proves shocking number of women have been sexually harassed and assaulted|website=yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/20/women-worldwide-use-hashtag-metoo-against-sexual-harassment |title=#MeToo: how a hashtag became a rallying cry against sexual harassment |first=Nadia |last=Khomami |date=October 20, 2017 |work=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121021556/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/20/women-worldwide-use-hashtag-metoo-against-sexual-harassment |archive-date=November 21, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Guerra">{{cite web |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2017/10/17/alyssa-milano-credits-activist-tarana-burke-with-founding-metoo-movement-years-ago/o2Jv29v6ljObkKPTPB9KGP/story.html |title=Where'd the "Me Too" initiative really come from? Activist Tarana Burke, long before hashtags – The Boston Globe |last=Guerra |first=Cristela |date=October 17, 2017 |website=Boston Globe |access-date=October 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017232531/https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2017/10/17/alyssa-milano-credits-activist-tarana-burke-with-founding-metoo-movement-years-ago/o2Jv29v6ljObkKPTPB9KGP/story.html |archive-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A number of high-profile posts and responses from American celebrities [[Gwyneth Paltrow]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/alyssa-milano-metoo-sexual-assault-campaign |title=Celebrities Share Stories of Sexual Assault for #MeToo Campaign |website=Vogue|access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229073735/https://www.vogue.com/article/alyssa-milano-metoo-sexual-assault-campaign |archive-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref> [[Ashley Judd]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/soloish/wp/2017/10/19/not-everyone-with-a-metoo-is-posting-their-story-heres-why-some-are-refraining/ |title=Analysis {{!}} Not everyone with a #MeToo is posting their story. Here's why some are refraining|last=Bonos|first=Lisa|date=October 19, 2017|website=The Washington Post|access-date=January 4, 2018|issn=0190-8286|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220043921/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/soloish/wp/2017/10/19/not-everyone-with-a-metoo-is-posting-their-story-heres-why-some-are-refraining/|archive-date=December 20, 2017}}</ref> [[Jennifer Lawrence]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/jennifer-lawrence-naked-lineup-harvey-weinstein-me-too-1202592207/ |title=Jennifer Lawrence Says Producer Put Her in 'Naked Lineup,' Told Her to Lose Weight |last=Fernandez |first=Matt |date=October 17, 2017 |website=Variety|access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026181153/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/jennifer-lawrence-naked-lineup-harvey-weinstein-me-too-1202592207/ |archive-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> and [[Uma Thurman]], among others, soon followed.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsweek.com/what-happened-uma-thurman-kill-bill-actor-blasts-harvey-weinstein-declares-721303 |title=Uma Thurman channels 'Kill Bill' character, says Harvey Weinstein doesn't even "deserve a bullet" |date=November 24, 2017 |website=Newsweek|access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213055646/http://www.newsweek.com/what-happened-uma-thurman-kill-bill-actor-blasts-harvey-weinstein-declares-721303 |archive-date=December 13, 2017}}</ref>
-Widespread media coverage and discussion of sexual harassment, particularly in Hollywood, led to high-profile firings, as well as criticism and backlash.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=Livsey13jan18/><ref name=Williams4jan18/>
+Widespread media coverage and discussion of sexual harassment, particularly in Hollywood, led to high-profile firings, as well as criticism and backlash.
-After millions of people started using the phrase and hashtag in this manner in English, the expression began to spread to dozens of other languages. The scope has become somewhat broader with this expansion, however, and Burke has more recently referred to it as an international movement for justice for marginalized people in marginalized communities.<ref name=":5"/>
-==Purpose==
-The original purpose of "Me Too" as used by Tarana Burke in 2006 was to empower women through empathy, especially young and vulnerable women. In October 2017, Alyssa Milano encouraged using the phrase as a hashtag to help reveal the extent of problems with sexual harassment and assault by showing how many people have experienced these events themselves.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="LA" />
-After millions of people started using the phrase, and it spread to dozens of other languages, the purpose changed and expanded, and as a result, it has come to mean different things to different people. Tarana Burke accepts the title of "leader" of the movement, but has stated that she considers herself more of a "worker." Burke has stated that this movement has grown to include both men and women of all colors and ages, as it continues to support marginalized people in marginalized communities.<ref name=":17">{{cite web |url=http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/me-too-creator-tarana-burke-reminds-us-this-is-about-black-and-brown-survivors-20180104 |title=Me Too creator Tarana Burke reminds us this is about Black and Brown survivors |last=Jeffries |first=Zenobia |website=[[Yes! (U.S. magazine)|YES! Magazine]] |date=January 4, 2018 |access-date=January 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063721/http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/me-too-creator-tarana-burke-reminds-us-this-is-about-black-and-brown-survivors-20180104 |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite web |last1=Snyder |first1=Chris |last2=Lopez |first2=Linette |title=Tarana Burke on why she created the #MeToo movement – and where it's headed |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-metoo-movement-started-where-its-headed-tarana-burke-time-person-of-year-women-2017-12 |website=[[Business Insider]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229055941/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-metoo-movement-started-where-its-headed-tarana-burke-time-person-of-year-women-2017-12 |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |date=December 13, 2017|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref> There have also been movements by men aimed at changing the culture through personal reflection and future action, including #IDidThat, #IHave, and #IWill.<ref name=":26">{{cite web |last=Radu |first=Sintia |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2017-10-25/how-metoo-has-awoken-women-around-the-world |title=How #MeToo has awoken women around the world |date=October 25, 2017 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report|US News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120413/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2017-10-25/how-metoo-has-awoken-women-around-the-world |archive-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref>
-===Awareness and empathy===
-Analyses of the movement often point to the prevalence of sexual violence, which has been estimated by the [[World Health Organization]] to affect one-third of all women worldwide. A 2017 poll by [[ABC News]] and ''[[The Washington Post]]'' also found that 54% of American women report receiving "unwanted and inappropriate" sexual advances with 95% saying that such behavior usually goes unpunished. Others state that #MeToo underscores the need for men to intervene when they witness demeaning behavior.<ref name=":262">{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2017-10-25/how-metoo-has-awoken-women-around-the-world |title=How #MeToo has awoken women around the world |last=Radu |first=Sintia |date=October 25, 2017 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report|US News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120413/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2017-10-25/how-metoo-has-awoken-women-around-the-world |archive-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/me-too-lets-men-off-the-hook_us_59e4e3a2e4b04d1d518390d2 |title=The problem with asking women to say 'Me Too' |last=Chapin |first=Angelina |date=October 16, 2017 |website=[[HuffPost]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102235158/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/me-too-lets-men-off-the-hook_us_59e4e3a2e4b04d1d518390d2 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=December 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2017/10/17/me-too-hashtag-sexual-harassment-at-work-stats/ |title=A new poll on sexual harassment suggests why 'Me Too' went so insanely viral |last=Zillman |first=Claire |date=October 17, 2017 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=January 13, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113093211/http://fortune.com/2017/10/17/me-too-hashtag-sexual-harassment-at-work-stats/ |archive-date=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
-Burke said that #MeToo declares sexual violence sufferers are not alone and should not be ashamed.<ref name="SantiagoCNN">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/17/us/me-too-tarana-burke-origin-trnd/index.html |title=An activist, a little girl and the heartbreaking origin of 'Me too' |author1=Cassandra Santiago |author2=Doug Criss |publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017235824/http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/17/us/me-too-tarana-burke-origin-trnd/index.html |archive-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> Burke says sexual violence is usually caused by someone the woman knows, so people should be educated from a young age that they have the right to say no to sexual contact from any person, even after repeated solicitations from an authority or spouse, and to report [[Serial offender hunting patterns|predatory behavior]].<ref name=":172">{{cite web |url=http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/me-too-creator-tarana-burke-reminds-us-this-is-about-black-and-brown-survivors-20180104 |title=Me Too creator Tarana Burke reminds us this is about Black and Brown survivors |last=Jeffries |first=Zenobia |date=January 4, 2018 |website=[[Yes! (U.S. magazine)|Yes!]] |access-date=January 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063721/http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/me-too-creator-tarana-burke-reminds-us-this-is-about-black-and-brown-survivors-20180104 |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref> Burke advises men to talk to each other about consent, call out demeaning behavior when they see it and try to listen to victims when they tell their stories.<ref name=":172" />
-Alyssa Milano said that #MeToo has helped society understand the "magnitude of the problem" and that, "it's a standing in solidarity to all those who have been hurt."<ref name="People2">{{cite web |url=http://people.com/movies/me-too-alyssa-milano-heads-twitter-campaign-against-sexual-harassment-assault/ |title=#MeToo: Sexual harassment and assault movement tweeted over 500,000 times as celebs share stories |last=Petit |first=Stephanie |date=October 16, 2017 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017014318/http://people.com/movies/me-too-alyssa-milano-heads-twitter-campaign-against-sexual-harassment-assault/ |archive-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/dec/01/alyssa-milano-mee-too-sexual-harassment-abuse |title=Alyssa Milano on the #MeToo movement: 'We're not going to stand for it any more' |last=Sayej |first=Nadja |date=December 1, 2017 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=January 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102051427/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/dec/01/alyssa-milano-mee-too-sexual-harassment-abuse |archive-date=January 2, 2018}}</ref> She stated that the success of #MeToo will require men to take a stand against behavior that objectifies women.<ref name=":272">{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/alyssa-milano-why-i-joined-times-up-anti-sexual-misconduct-group-w514894 |title=Alyssa Milano on joining time's up: 'women are scared; women are angry' |last=Milano |first=Alyssa |author-link=Alyssa Milano |date=January 4, 2018 |website=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120433/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/alyssa-milano-why-i-joined-times-up-anti-sexual-misconduct-group-w514894 |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref>
-===Policies and laws===
-Burke has stated the current purpose of the movement is to give people the resources to have access to healing, and to advocate for changes to laws and policies. Burke has highlighted goals such as processing all untested [[rape kit]]s, re-examining local school policies, improving the vetting of teachers, and updating sexual harassment policies.<ref name=":52">{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-metoo-movement-started-where-its-headed-tarana-burke-time-person-of-year-women-2017-12 |title=Tarana Burke on why she created the #MeToo movement – and where it's headed |last1=Snyder |first1=Chris |last2=Lopez |first2=Linette |date=December 13, 2017 |website=[[Business Insider]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229055941/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-metoo-movement-started-where-its-headed-tarana-burke-time-person-of-year-women-2017-12 |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref> She has called for all professionals who work with children to be [[fingerprint]]ed and subjected to a [[background check]] before being cleared to start work. She advocates for sex education that teaches kids to report predatory behavior immediately.<ref name=":172" /> Burke supports the #MeToo bill in the [[US Congress]], which would remove the requirement that staffers of the federal government go through months of "cooling off" before being allowed to file a complaint against a Congressperson.<ref name=":52" />
-Milano states that a priority for #MeToo is changing the laws surrounding sexual harassment and assault, for example instituting protocols that allow sufferers in all industries to file complaints without retaliation. She supports legislation making it difficult for publicly traded companies to hide cover-up payments from their stockholders and would like to make it illegal for employers to require new workers to sign [[non-disclosure agreement]]s as a condition of employment.<ref name=":272" /> Gender analysts such as [[Anna North]] have stated that #MeToo should be addressed as a labor issue due to the economic disadvantages to reporting harassment. North suggested combating underlying power imbalances in some workplaces, for example by raising the tipped minimum wage, and embracing innovations like the "portable [[panic button]]s" mandated for hotel employees in [[Seattle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/27/16803610/sexual-misconduct-harassment-reckoning-metoo |title=What I've learned covering sexual misconduct this year |website=Vox |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118064612/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/27/16803610/sexual-misconduct-harassment-reckoning-metoo |archive-date=January 18, 2018|date=December 27, 2017 }}</ref>
-Others have suggested that barriers to employment must be removed, such as the job requirement by some employers to sign non-disclosure agreements or other agreements that prevent an employee from talking about their employment publicly, or taking disputes (including sexual harassment claims) to arbitration rather than to legal proceedings. It's been suggested that legislation should be passed that bans these types of mandatory pre-employment agreements.<ref name=":65">{{Cite news |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/news/2018/01/31/445669/politics-policy-turning-corner-sexual-harassment/ |title=From Politics to Policy: Turning the Corner on Sexual Harassment – Center for American Progress |date=January 31, 2018 |work=Center for American Progress|access-date=April 14, 2018}}</ref>
-Some policy-based changes that have been suggested include increasing managerial oversight; creating clear internal reporting mechanisms; more effective and proactive disciplinary measures; creating a culture that encourages employees to be open about serious problems;<ref name=":65" /> imposing financial penalties for companies that allow workers to remain in their position when they have repeatedly sexually harassed others; and forcing companies to pay huge fines or lose tax breaks if they decide to retain workers who are sexual harassers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=2f23c864-96db-4e51-9cb9-29daeb95d19b@pdc-v-sessmgr06&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==#AN=edsbig.A553402477&db=edsbig |title=Time's Up: As the Me Too movement continues to shed light on sexual harassm...: Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ |website=eds.b.ebscohost.com|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref>
-===Media coverage===
-In the coverage of #MeToo, there has been widespread discussion about the best ways to stop sexual harassment and abuse - for those currently being victimized at work, as well as those who are seeking justice for past abuse and trying to find ways to end what they see as a widespread culture of abuse. There is general agreement that a lack of effective reporting options is a major factor that drives unchecked sexual misconduct in the workplace.<ref name=":02">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-women-sexcrimes/despite-metoo-u-s-workers-fear-speaking-out-about-sexual-harassment-idUSKBN1DA0NY |title=Despite #MeToo, U.S. workers fear speaking out about sexual harassment |date=November 10, 2017 |work=Reuters |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118011233/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-women-sexcrimes/despite-metoo-u-s-workers-fear-speaking-out-about-sexual-harassment-idUSKBN1DA0NY |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref>
-False reports of sexual assault are very rare {{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}, but when they happen, they are put in the spotlight for the public to see. This can give the false impression that the most of the reported sexual assaults are false. However, false reports of sexual assault account for only 2% to 10% of all reports.<ref name="Kay 2018"/><ref name="Lisak Gardinier Nicksa Cote 2010 pp. 1318–1334"/> {{dubious|date=January 2021}} These figures do not take into account that the majority of victims do not report when they are assaulted or harassed. Misconceptions about false reports are one of the reasons why women are scared to report their experiences with sexual assault - because they are afraid that no one will believe them, that in the process they will have embarrassed and humiliated themselves, in addition to opening themselves up to retribution from the assailants.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/11/the-glaring-blind-spot-of-the-me-too-movement/546458/ |title=The Glaring Blind Spot of the 'Me Too' Movement |last=White |first=Gillian B. |date=November 22, 2017 |work=The Atlantic|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/2012-03/Publications_NSVRC_Overview_False-Reporting.pdf|title=False Reporting}}</ref>
-In France, a person who makes a sexual harassment complaint at work is reprimanded or fired 40% of the time, while the accused person is typically not investigated or punished.<ref name=":332">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/19/world/europe/france-sexual-harassment.html |title='Revolt' in France Against Sexual Harassment Hits Cultural Resistance |last=Rubin |first=Alissa J. |date=November 19, 2017 |website=The New York Times |access-date=January 15, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223074906/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/19/world/europe/france-sexual-harassment.html |archive-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> In the United States, a 2016 report from the [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]] states that although 25–85% of women say they experience sexual harassment at work, few ever report the incidents, most commonly due to fear of reprisal.<ref name=":02" /> There is evidence that in Japan, as few as 4% of rape victims report the crime, and the charges are dropped about half the time.<ref name=":1522">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/metoo-sexual-assault-women-rights-japan/ |title=Saying #MeToo in Japan |date=January 2, 2018 |website=POLITICO |access-date=January 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063552/https://www.politico.eu/article/metoo-sexual-assault-women-rights-japan/ |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/29/world/asia/japan-rape.html |title=She Broke Japan's Silence on Rape |last=Rich |first=Motoko |date=December 29, 2017 |website=The New York Times |access-date=January 17, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124054016/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/29/world/asia/japan-rape.html |archive-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref>
-There is a discussion on the best ways to handle [[whisper network]]s, or private lists of "people to avoid" that are shared unofficially in nearly every major institution or industry where sexual harassment is common due to power imbalances, including government, media, news, and academia. These lists have the stated purpose of warning other workers in the industry and are shared from person-to-person, on forums, in private social media groups, and via [[spreadsheet]]s. However, it has been argued that these lists can become "weaponized" and be used to spread unsubstantiated gossip — an opinion which has been discussed widely in the media.<ref name=":110">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsweek.com/what-whisper-network-sexual-misconduct-allegations-719009 |title=What is a whisper network? How women are taking down bad men in the #MeToo age |date=November 22, 2017 |website=Newsweek |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118180947/http://www.newsweek.com/what-whisper-network-sexual-misconduct-allegations-719009 |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref>
-Defenders say the lists provide a way to warn other vulnerable people in the industry if worried about serious retribution from the abusers, especially if complaints have already been ignored. They say the lists help victims identify each other so they can speak out together and find safety in numbers.<ref name=":110" /><ref name=":210" /> Sometimes these lists are kept for other reasons. For example, a spreadsheet from the United Kingdom called "High Libido MPs" and dubbed "the spreadsheet of shame" was created by a group of male and female Parliamentary researchers, and contained a list of allegations against nearly 40 [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MPs in the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]]. It is also rumored that [[whip (politics)|party whips]] (who are in charge of getting members of Parliament to commit to votes) maintain a "black book" that contains allegations against several lawmakers that can be used for [[blackmail]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/europe/sexual-harassment-british-parliament.html |title=Sexual Harassment Claims Surface in U.K. Parliament |last=Castle |first=Stephen |date=October 30, 2017 |website=The New York Times |access-date=January 17, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118011016/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/europe/sexual-harassment-british-parliament.html |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2017/10/30/uk-parliament-sexual-harassment-scandal/ |title=Making Sense of the Lewd Sexual Harassment Scandal Roiling the U.K |website=Fortune |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031182703/http://fortune.com/2017/10/30/uk-parliament-sexual-harassment-scandal/ |archive-date=October 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dirty-dossier-accuses-mps-of-harassment-and-sex-in-offices-6f7q8kn8b |title=Dirty dossier accuses MPs of harassment and sex in offices |last1=McGrath |first1=Hannah |last2=Kenber |first2=Billy |date=October 30, 2017 |website=The Times|access-date=January 17, 2018 |issn=0140-0460|url-access=registration}}</ref> When it is claimed a well-known person's sexual misconduct was an "open secret", these lists are often the source.<ref name=":110" /> In the wake of #MeToo, several private whisper network lists have been leaked to the public.<ref name=":110" /><ref name=":210">{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16878316/shitty-media-men-list-katie-roiphe-moira-donegan |title=The creator of the Shitty Media Men List has come forward. What she faces shows why the list was so necessary |website=Vox |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118010847/https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16878316/shitty-media-men-list-katie-roiphe-moira-donegan |archive-date=January 18, 2018|date=January 11, 2018 }}</ref>
-In [[India]], a student gave her friends a list containing names of professors and academics in the Indian university system to be avoided. The list went viral after it was posted on social media.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/09/health/india-me-too-allegations/index.html |title=#MeToo helps spark wider conversation around sexual abuse in India |first=Huizhong |last=Wu |publisher=CNN |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125143503/http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/09/health/india-me-too-allegations/index.html |archive-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref> In response to criticism in the media, the authors defended themselves by saying they were only trying to warn their friends, had confirmed every case, and several victims from the list were poor students who had already been punished or ignored when trying to come forward.<ref name=":252">{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/krantikali/raya-sarkar-and-all-the-lists-men-ae956f21eab1 |title=Raya Sarkar and All The List's Men |date=October 24, 2017 |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120435/https://medium.com/krantikali/raya-sarkar-and-all-the-lists-men-ae956f21eab1 |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/126213/me-too-hadiya-love-jihad-triple-talaq-2017-year-feminism-india/ |title=#MeToo, Hadiya, Triple Talaq: How 2017 Was an Important Year for Indian Feminism |date=December 29, 2017 |website=The Better India |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118011249/https://www.thebetterindia.com/126213/me-too-hadiya-love-jihad-triple-talaq-2017-year-feminism-india/ |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref> [[Moira Donegan]], a New York City-based journalist, privately shared a crowd-sourced list of "[[Shitty Media Men]]" to avoid in publishing and journalism. When it was shared outside her private network, Donegan lost her job. Donegan stated it was unfair so few people had access to the list before it went public; for example, very few women of color received access (and therefore protection) from it. She pointed to her "[[privilege (sociology)|whiteness, health, education, and class]]" that allowed her to take the risk of sharing the list and getting fired.<ref name=":210" />
-The main problem with trying to protect more potential victims by publishing whisper networks is determining the best mechanism to verify allegations in a way that is fair to all parties.<ref name=":53">{{Cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/first-person/2017/10/16/16482800/harvey-weinstein-sexual-harassment-workplace |title=It's time to weaponize the "whisper network" |work=Vox |access-date=January 27, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127143320/https://www.vox.com/first-person/2017/10/16/16482800/harvey-weinstein-sexual-harassment-workplace |archive-date=January 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/18/how-whisper-networks-help-protect-women-harvey-weinsteins-world/759860001/ |title=How 'whisper networks' help protect women from the Harvey Weinsteins of the world |work=USA Today |access-date=January 27, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127154813/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/18/how-whisper-networks-help-protect-women-harvey-weinsteins-world/759860001/ |archive-date=January 27, 2018}}</ref> Some suggestions have included strengthening [[trade union|labor unions]] in vulnerable industries so workers can report harassment directly to the union instead of to an employer. Another suggestion is to maintain industry hotlines which have the power to trigger third-party investigations.<ref name=":53" /> Several apps have been developed which offer various ways to report sexual misconduct, and some of these apps can connect victims who have reported the same person.<ref name=":62">{{Cite news |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/post-weinstein-new-apps-aim-to-out-predators-before-they-become-serial-abusers-2018-01-24 |title=These apps help victims of sexual harassment to file anonymous reports |last=Paul |first=Kari |work=MarketWatch |access-date=January 27, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125054836/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/post-weinstein-new-apps-aim-to-out-predators-before-they-become-serial-abusers-2018-01-24 |archive-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref>
-===Issues with social norms===
-In the wake of #MeToo, many countries such as the U.S.,<ref name=":03">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/30/us/the-metoo-moment-the-year-in-gender.html |title=The #MeToo Moment: The Year in Gender |date=December 30, 2017 |website=The New York Times |access-date=January 17, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118124005/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/30/us/the-metoo-moment-the-year-in-gender.html |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref> India,<ref name=":222">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/blame-victims-and-the-west-indias-way-of-justifying-sexual-assaults/a-37023646 |title=Asia {{!}} Blame victims and the West – India's way of justifying sexual assaults?|last=Staff writer|date=January 5, 2018|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=January 6, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718210614/http://www.dw.com/en/blame-victims-and-the-west-indias-way-of-justifying-sexual-assaults/a-37023646|archive-date=July 18, 2017}}</ref> France,<ref name=":352">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42643504 |title=France's celebrity pushback against 'MeToo' |last=Astier |first=Henri |date=January 14, 2018 |work=BBC News|access-date=January 15, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114214826/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42643504 |archive-date=January 14, 2018}}</ref> China,<ref name=":302">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-42577654 |title=Is the #MeToo movement finally coming to China? |last1=Ho |first1=Gwyneth |year=2018 |work=BBC News|access-date=January 9, 2018 |last2=Tsoi |first2=Grace |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107085833/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-42577654 |archive-date=January 7, 2018}}</ref> Japan,<ref name=":1522"/> and Italy,{{r|"Simona"}} have seen discussion in the media on whether [[cultural norms]] need to be changed for sexual harassment to be eradicated in the workplace.
-Dr. John Launer of [[Health Education England]] stated leaders must be made aware of common "mismatches of perceptions" at work to reduce incidents where one person thinks they are flirting while the other person feels like they're being demeaned or harassed.<ref name=":27" /> Reporter [[Anna North]] from ''[[Vox Media|Vox]]'' states one way to address #MeToo is teach children the basics of sex. North states the cultural notion that women do not enjoy sex leads men "to believe that a lukewarm yes is all they're ever going to get", referring to a 2017 study which found that men who believe women enjoy being forced into sex are "more likely to perceive women as consenting".<ref name=":41">{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2018/1/16/16894722/aziz-ansari-grace-babe-me-too |title=The Aziz Ansari story is ordinary. That's why we have to talk about it |website=Vox |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117013357/https://www.vox.com/identities/2018/1/16/16894722/aziz-ansari-grace-babe-me-too |archive-date=January 17, 2018|date=January 16, 2018 }}</ref> Alyssa Rosenberg of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' called for society to be careful of overreaching by "being clear about what behavior is criminal, what behavior is legal but intolerable in a workplace, and what private intimate behavior is worthy of condemnation" but not part of the workplace discussion. She says "preserving the nuances" is more inclusive and realistic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2018/01/17/the-metoo-movement-is-at-a-dangerous-tipping-point/ |title=Opinion: The #MeToo movement is at a dangerous tipping point |last=Rosenberg |first=Alyssa |date=January 17, 2018 |website=The Washington Post|access-date=January 17, 2018 |issn=0190-8286 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117125828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2018/01/17/the-metoo-movement-is-at-a-dangerous-tipping-point/ |archive-date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>
-Professor [[Daniel W. Drezner|Daniel Drezner]] stated that #MeToo laid the groundwork for two major cultural shifts. One is the acceptance that sexual harassment (not just sexual assault) is unacceptable in the workplace. The other is that when a powerful person is accused of sexual harassment, the reaction should be a presumption that the less powerful accuser is "likely telling the truth, because the risks of going public are great." However, he states society is struggling with the speed at which change is being demanded.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2018/02/14/metoo-and-the-trouble-with-norms/ |title=Perspective {{!}} #MeToo and the trouble with new norms|last=Drezner|first=Daniel W.|date=February 14, 2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=February 20, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
-===Reform and implementation===
-Although #MeToo initially focused on adults, the message spread to students in [[K-12 schools|K–12 schools]] where sexual abuse is common both in person and online.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sexual-harassment-in-schools_us_5a32b145e4b00dbbcb5bb530 |title=When Middle Schoolers Say #MeToo |last=Simmons |first=Rachel |date=December 15, 2017 |website=HuffPost |access-date=February 2, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201221127/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sexual-harassment-in-schools_us_5a32b145e4b00dbbcb5bb530 |archive-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> MeTooK12 is a spin-off of #MeToo created in January 2018 by the group [[Stop Sexual Assault in Schools]], founded by Joel Levin and [[Esther Warkov]], aimed at stopping sexual abuse in education from [[kindergarten]] to high school.<ref name=":42">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2018/01/03/metook12-a-new-hashtag-for-students-sexually-assaulted-or-harassed-in-k-12-schools/ |title=#MeTooK12: A new hashtag for students sexually assaulted or harassed in K-12 schools |last=Strauss |first=Valerie |date=January 3, 2018 |website=The Washington Post |access-date=January 19, 2018 |issn=0190-8286 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120124025/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2018/01/03/metook12-a-new-hashtag-for-students-sexually-assaulted-or-harassed-in-k-12-schools/ |archive-date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{cite web |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/EqualEd/2018/0118/MeTooK12-New-campaign-raises-awareness-about-rights-at-school |title=#MeTooK12: New campaign raises awareness about rights at school |date=January 18, 2018 |website=The Christian Science Monitor |access-date=January 19, 2018 |issn=0882-7729 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118215731/https://www.csmonitor.com/EqualEd/2018/0118/MeTooK12-New-campaign-raises-awareness-about-rights-at-school |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref> #MeTooK12 was inspired in part by the removal of certain federal [[Title IX]] sexual misconduct guidelines.<ref name=":44">{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2018-01-08/the-metoo-movement-goes-to-school |title=#MeToo Goes to School |website=usnews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120072107/https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2018-01-08/the-metoo-movement-goes-to-school|archive-date=January 20, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> There is evidence that sexual misconduct in K–12 education is dramatically underreported by both schools and students, because nearly 80% of public schools never report any incidents of harassment. A 2011 survey found 40% of boys and 56% of girls in grades 7–12 reported had experienced negative sexual comments or sexual harassment in their lives.<ref name=":42" /><ref name=":44" /> Approximately 5% of K–12 sexual misconduct reports involved 5 or 6-year-old students. #MeTooK12 is meant to demonstrate the widespread prevalence of sexual misconduct towards children in school, and the need for increased training on [[Title IX]] policies, as only 18 states require people in education to receive training about what to do when a student or teacher is sexually abused.<ref name=":43" />
-=== Role of men ===
-There has been discussion about what possible roles men may have in the #MeToo movement.<ref name=":212">{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-me-too-sexual-assault-wilhelm-1023-story.html |title=Where #MeToo goes off the rails |last1=Wilhelm |first1=Heather |date=October 23, 2017 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203103/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-me-too-sexual-assault-wilhelm-1023-story.html |archive-date=December 25, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=December 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thenewstribune.com/opinion/article180060591.html |title=To truly 'man up,' we, too, must fight sexism with more than outrage |work=The News Tribune|access-date=February 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Isaacs |first=David |title=Sexual harassment |journal=Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=341–342 |doi=10.1111/jpc.13877 |pmid=29383784 |issn=1440-1754 |year=2018|doi-access=free }}</ref> It has been noted that 1 in 6 men have experienced sexual abuse of some sort during their lives and often feel unable to talk about it.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fox43.com/2018/02/01/men-too-pa-men-speak-out-to-break-the-cycle/ |title=Men Too: PA men speak out to break the cycle |date=February 2, 2018 |work=WPMT FOX43 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202052306/http://fox43.com/2018/02/01/men-too-pa-men-speak-out-to-break-the-cycle/ |archive-date=February 2, 2018}}</ref> Creator Tarana Burke and others have asked men to call out bad behavior when they see it,<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" /> or just spend time quietly listening.<ref name=":17" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2018/01/18/robert-redford-sundance-film-festival-metoo-movement/1046196001/ |title=Robert Redford on #MeToo movement: 'The role for men right now is to listen' |work=USA Today |access-date=February 2, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202201707/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2018/01/18/robert-redford-sundance-film-festival-metoo-movement/1046196001/ |archive-date=February 2, 2018}}</ref> Some men have expressed the desire to keep a greater distance from women since #MeToo went viral because they do not fully understand what actions might be considered inappropriate.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/02/01/for-men-in-the-metoo-era-the-mike-pence-rule-is-the-easy-way-out/ |title=Perspective {{!}} Treating men like idiots is the wrong way to stop sexual harassment|last=O'Malley|first=Harris|date=February 1, 2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=February 2, 2018|issn=0190-8286|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202044055/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/02/01/for-men-in-the-metoo-era-the-mike-pence-rule-is-the-easy-way-out/|archive-date=February 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/01/29/yes-its-hard-man-metoo-timesup-era-and-should-tom-krattenmaker-column/1073240001/ |title=Yes, it's hard to be a man in the #MeToo #TimesUp era. And it should be. |last=Krattenmaker |first=Tom |date=January 29, 2018 |work=USA Today|access-date=February 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202194656/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/01/29/yes-its-hard-man-metoo-timesup-era-and-should-tom-krattenmaker-column/1073240001/|archive-date=February 2, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> For the first few months after #MeToo started trending, many men expressed difficulty in participating in the conversation due to fear of negative consequences, citing examples of men who have been treated negatively after sharing their thoughts about #MeToo.<ref name=":08">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/us/the-metoo-moment-im-a-straight-man-now-what.html |title=The #MeToo Moment: I'm a Straight Man. Now What? |last=Victor |first=Daniel |year=2018 |work=The New York Times |access-date=February 2, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201215357/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/us/the-metoo-moment-im-a-straight-man-now-what.html |archive-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref>
-Author and former [[Seduction community|pick-up artist]] [[Michael Ellsberg]] encourages men to reflect on past behavior and examples of questionable sexual behavior, such as the viral story [[Cat Person]], written from the perspective of a twenty-year-old woman who goes on a date with a much older man and ends up having an unpleasant sexual experience that was consensual but unwanted. Ellsberg has asked men to pledge to ensure women are mutually interested in initiating a sexual encounter and to slow down if there is ever doubt a woman wants to continue.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/soloish/wp/2017/10/24/womens-metoo-posts-reminded-me-i-had-been-that-awful-guy-heres-how-i-changed/ |title=Perspective {{!}} Women's #MeToo posts reminded me I had been that awful guy. Here's how I changed.|last=Ellsberg|first=Michael|date=October 24, 2017|work=The Washington Post|access-date=February 28, 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/27/style/me-too-men-consent-pledge.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/27/style/me-too-men-consent-pledge.html |title=The Man Behind the 'Consent Pledge' |last=Williams |first=Alex |date=February 27, 2018 |work=The New York Times|access-date=February 28, 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-Relationship instructor Kasia Urbaniak said the movement is creating its own crisis around [[masculinity]]. "There's a reflective questioning about whether they're going to be next and if they’ve ever hurt a woman. There's a level of anger and frustration. If you’ve been doing something wrong but haven't been told, there's an incredible sense of betrayal and it’ll provoke a backlash. I think silence on both sides is incredibly dangerous." Urbaniak says she would like women to be allies of men and to be curious about their experience. "In that alliance there's a lot more power and possibility than there is in men stepping aside and starting to stew."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/mar/30/dominatrix-classes-be-more-assertive-work-and-life |title=Want to be more assertive in life? This former dominatrix will show you how |last=Helmore |first=Edward |date=March 30, 2018 |website=The Guardian|access-date=March 31, 2018}}</ref>
-In August 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' detailed allegations that leading #MeToo figure [[Asia Argento]] sexually assaulted actor [[Jimmy Bennett]].<ref name="NYTimes_2018.08.19"/> The sexual assault allegedly took place in a California hotel room in 2013 when he was only two months past his 17th birthday and she was 37; the age of [[Statutory rape#Age of consent|consent]] in that state is 18.<ref name="NYTimes_2018.08.19">{{Cite news |first=Kim |last=Severson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/19/us/asia-argento-assault-jimmy-bennett.html |title=Asia Argento, Who Accused Weinstein, Made Deal With Her Own Accuser |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City |date=August 19, 2018|access-date=August 20, 2018}}</ref> Bennett said when Argento came out against Harvey Weinstein, it stirred memories of his own experience. He imparted he had sought to resolve the matter privately, and had not spoken out sooner, "because I was ashamed and afraid to be part of the public narrative."<ref name="Severson"/> In a statement provided to ''The Times'', he said: "I was underage when the event took place, and I tried to seek justice in a way that made sense to me at the time because I was not ready to deal with the ramifications of my story becoming public. At the time I believed there was still a [[Social stigma|stigma]] to being in the situation as a [[Made to penetrate|male]] in our society. I didn't think that people would understand the event that took place from the eyes of a teenage boy." Bennett said he would like to "move past this event in my life," adding, "today I choose to move forward, no longer in silence."<ref name="Severson">{{cite news |first=Kim |last=Severson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/22/us/jimmy-bennett-statement-asia-argento.html |title=Jimmy Bennett Says He Feared Speaking Out About Asia Argento |access-date=October 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929235137/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/22/us/jimmy-bennett-statement-asia-argento.html |archive-date=September 29, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Argento, who quietly arranged a $380,000 nondisclosure settlement with Bennett in the months following her revelations regarding Weinstein, has denied the allegations.<ref name="The Guardian August 21, 2018">{{cite news |last1=Mumford |first1=Gwilym |last2=Kirchgaessner |first2=Stephanie |title=Asia Argento denies sexual assault of 17-year-old actor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/aug/21/asia-argento-denies-sexual-assault-claims-anthony-bourdain |access-date=August 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, England |date=August 21, 2018}}</ref> Rose McGowan initially expressed support for Argento and implored others to show restraint, tweeting, "None of us know the truth of the situation and I'm sure more will be revealed. Be gentle." As a vocal advocate of the Me Too movement, McGowan faced criticism on social media for her comments, which conflicted with the movement's message of believing survivors.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2018/08/21/entertainment/rose-mcgowan-asia-argento/index.html |title=Rose McGowan facing backlash for urging 'Be Gentle' with Argento |first=Lisa Respers |last=France |publisher=CNN |date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=October 11, 2018}}</ref> MeToo founder Tarana Burke responded the Asia Argento report, stating "I’ve said repeatedly that the #metooMVMT is for all of us, including these brave young men who are now coming forward. Sexual violence is about power and privilege. That doesn't change if the perpetrator is your favorite actress, activist or professor of any gender."<ref name="Strause">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/me-founder-tarana-burke-responds-asia-argento-report-1135904 |title=Tarana Burke Responds to Asia Argento Report: "There Is No Model Survivor" |first=Jackie |last=Strause |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 20, 2018 |access-date=October 12, 2018}}</ref>
-According the [[American Society of Association Executives]], the role of men is essential when it comes to the #MeToo movement. Usually people will say that all men have to do is stop sexually assaulting women, but it's more than that. There are four things that men can do to be more involved in the #MeToo movement. First, men need to accept the fact that they are more powerful than women, physically, and have more control over women because of their masculinity. Second, men need to realize what women go through. Men have to understand that this happens to women and they always make sure that it doesn't happen to them because it's not fun to go through something so traumatic. Third, they have to approach women in a nice way. When men see another man make a sexual comment to a female, they have to stand up and let it be known that it is wrong to say that. Lastly, men need to fight for the rights of all people. If men speak upon the issues, then more people will start to listen from a man's point of view.<ref name=":410">{{Cite web|title=A Role for Men in the #MeToo Movement|url=https://www.asaecenter.org:443/en/resources/articles/an_plus/2018/august/a-role-for-men-in-the-metoo-movement|access-date=2020-11-11|website=ASAE}}</ref>
-== Timeline ==
-=== 2006 (Tarana Burke) ===
-[[File:Tarana Burke from She's Revolutionary.jpg|thumb|[[Tarana Burke]] (2018)]]
-[[Tarana Burke]], a social activist and community organizer, began using the phrase "Me Too" in 2006, on the [[Myspace]] social network<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/10/19/the-woman-behind-me-too-knew-the-power-of-the-phrase-when-she-created-it-10-years-ago/ |title=The woman behind 'Me Too' knew the power of the phrase when she created it – 10 years ago |last=Ohlheiser |first=Abby |date=October 19, 2017 |website=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019201825/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/10/19/the-woman-behind-me-too-knew-the-power-of-the-phrase-when-she-created-it-10-years-ago/|archive-date=October 19, 2017|url-status=live|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref> to promote "empowerment through empathy" among women of color who have been sexually abused.<ref name="Guerra" /><ref name="Leah2">{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2017/10/17/metoo-tarana-burke-jennifer-lawrence/ |title=Hollywood's brightest join the 10-year-old #MeToo movement, but will that change anything? |last=Leah |first=Rachel |date=October 17, 2017 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017221757/https://www.salon.com/2017/10/17/metoo-tarana-burke-jennifer-lawrence/ |archive-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Shugerman">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/me-too-facebook-hashtag-why-when-meaning-sexual-harassment-rape-stories-explained-a8005936.html |website=[[The Independent]] |title=Me Too: Why are women sharing stories of sexual assault and how did it start? |first=Emily |last=Shugerman |date=October 17, 2017 |access-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072530/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/me-too-facebook-hashtag-why-when-meaning-sexual-harassment-rape-stories-explained-a8005936.html |archive-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> She was born in Bronx, NY on September 12, 1973. Growing up. she lived in poverty in a low-income family. When she was a child and a teenager, she was raped and sexually assaulted. Her mother encouraged her to help others who had been through what she been through. She moved to Selma, Alabama, where she gave birth to her daughter, Kaia Burke, and raised her as a single parent. Burke, who is creating a documentary titled ''Me Too'', has said she was inspired to use the phrase after being unable to respond to a 13-year-old girl who confided to her that she had been sexually assaulted. Burke said she later wished she had simply told the girl: "Me too".<ref name=":1" /><ref name="SantiagoCNN"/>
-=== 2015 (Ambra Gutierrez) ===
-In 2015 ''The New York Times'' reported that Weinstein was questioned by police "after a 22-year-old woman accused him of touching her inappropriately."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Santora |first1=Marc |last2=Baker |first2=Al |title=Harvey Weinstein, Producer, Questioned by New York Police After Groping Accusation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/31/nyregion/harvey-weinstein-producer-questioned-by-new-york-police-after-groping-accusation.html |access-date=October 14, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 30, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014233641/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/31/nyregion/harvey-weinstein-producer-questioned-by-new-york-police-after-groping-accusation.html |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The woman, Italian model [[Ambra Gutierrez]], cooperated with the [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD) to obtain an audio recording where Weinstein admitted to having inappropriately touched her.<ref name="DAVance">{{cite web|last1=Gersen|first1=Jeannie Suk|title=Why Didn't the Manhattan D.A. Cyrus Vance Prosecute the Trumps or Harvey Weinstein?|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-didnt-manhattan-da-cyrus-vance-prosecute-the-trumps-or-harvey-weinstein|work=[[The New Yorker]]|access-date=October 20, 2017|date=October 13, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020011234/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-didnt-manhattan-da-cyrus-vance-prosecute-the-trumps-or-harvey-weinstein|archive-date=October 20, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> As the police investigation progressed and became public, tabloids published negative stories about Gutierrez that portrayed her as an opportunist.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Cassens Weiss|first1=Debra|title=Manhattan DA Vance had declined to prosecute Weinstein in 2015|url=http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/manhattan_da_had_declined_to_prosecute_weinstein_in_2015|access-date=October 24, 2017|magazine=American Bar Association Journal|date=October 11, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025022651/http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/manhattan_da_had_declined_to_prosecute_weinstein_in_2015|archive-date=October 25, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[American Media (publisher)|American Media]], publisher of the ''[[National Enquirer]]'', allegedly agreed to help suppress the allegations by Gutierrez and Rose McGowan. [[New York County District Attorney|Manhattan District Attorney]] [[Cyrus Vance Jr.]] decided not to file charges against Weinstein, citing insufficient evidence of criminal intent, against the advice of local police who considered the evidence sufficient.<ref name="NYPD_Prosecutors_Point_Fingers">{{cite news |title=NYPD, Prosecutors Point Fingers Over Harvey Weinstein Probe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/harvey-weinstein-scandal/nypd-prosecutors-point-fingers-over-harvey-weinstein-probe-n809756 |access-date=November 9, 2017 |publisher=NBC News |date=October 11, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109084723/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/harvey-weinstein-scandal/nypd-prosecutors-point-fingers-over-harvey-weinstein-probe-n809756 |archive-date=November 9, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The New York district attorney's office and the NYPD blamed each other for failing to bring charges.<ref name="NYPD_Prosecutors_Point_Fingers"/>
-=== 2016: Russia and Ukraine (Anastasia Melnichenko) ===
-In July 2016, a social media post by Ukrainian journalist [[Anastasia Melnichenko]] went viral. Thousands of women, and some men, in Russia and Ukraine began posting their personal stories of sexual harassment and assault on social media using the hashtag #IAmNotAfraidToSpeak (#яНеБоюсьСказати‬ in Ukrainian; #яНеБоюсьСказать in Russian).<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Arizona Daily Star |agency=Associated Press |title=Russian women speak up about sexual abuse |date=July 20, 2016 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31078113/arizona_daily_star/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=[[BBC]] |title=My story of sexual abuse is changing perceptions in Ukraine |date=August 29, 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0466t69}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Guardian |title=Russian and Ukrainian women's sexual abuse stories go viral |date=July 8, 2016 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/08/russian-ukrainian-women-sexual-abuse-stories-go-viral}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Journal of Social Policy Studies |volume=16 |issue=3 |title=The Ukrainian-Russian Virtual Flashmob against Sexual Assault |pages=487–500 |doi=10.17323/727-0634-2018-16-3-487-500 |date=September 2018 |last1=Aripova |first1=Feruza |last2=Johnson |first2=Janet Elise|doi-access=free }}</ref> Her original post in Ukrainian<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/nastya.melnychenko/posts/10209108320800151|title=Nastya Melnychenko|website=facebook.com}}</ref> was about sexual harassment in the family, on the streets, with an ex-boyfriend, but not in the workspace. Also she updated her post with the words: "Цей допис писала, лютуючи на коменти чоловіків під цим дописом: <...>. Тому і дозволила собі досить агресивний випад у бік чоловіків вкінці посту. Звісно ж, не хотіла образити хороших і адекватних. Як з*ясувалося, їх більше, ніж я думала." ("I wrote this post, raging at the comments of men under this post: <...> That is why I let myself aggressive enough attack towards men at the end of the post. Of course, I did not want to offend good and adequate ones. As it turned out, there are more of them than I thought.").{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
-=== 2017 (Alyssa Milano) ===
-[[File:Alyssa Milano 2, 2011.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Alyssa Milano]] encouraged use of the [[hashtag]] after accusations against [[Harvey Weinstein]] surfaced in 2017.]]
-Following widespread exposure of [[Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations|accusations]] of predatory behavior by [[Harvey Weinstein]], and her own [[blog]] post on the subject, on October 15, 2017, actress [[Alyssa Milano]] wrote: "If you’ve been sexually harassed or assaulted write ‘me too’ as a reply to this tweet.", and reposted the following phrase suggested by ''a friend'': "If all the women who have been sexually harassed or assaulted wrote ‘Me too.’ as a status, we might give people a sense of the magnitude of the problem.",<ref name="yahoo.com"/><ref name="twitter.com"/> encouraging [[Spreadability|spreading]] the phrase "Me Too." to attempt to draw attention to sexual assault and harassment.<ref name="LA">{{cite web |last=D'Zurilla |first=Christie |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-entertainment-news-updates-metoo-campaign-me-too-alyssa-milano-1508173882-htmlstory.html |title=In saying #MeToo, Alyssa Milano pushes awareness campaign about sexual assault and harassment |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |publisher=[[Tronc]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017075641/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-entertainment-news-updates-metoo-campaign-me-too-alyssa-milano-1508173882-htmlstory.html |archive-date=October 17, 2017 |date=October 16, 2017 |access-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref>{{r|"Guerra"}} The next day, October 16, 2017, Milano wrote: "I was just made aware of an earlier #MeToo movement, and the origin story is equal parts heartbreaking and inspiring", providing the link to site of Ms. Burke.<ref name=":1"/><ref name="SantiagoCNN"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Alyssa_Milano/status/920067975016624128|title=I was just made aware of an earlier #MeToo movement, and the origin story is equal parts heartbreaking and inspiring|first=Alyssa|last=Milano|date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> Milano credits her identification with the Me Too movement to experiencing sexual harassment during a concert when she was 19.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jenson |first1=Erin |title=Alyssa Milano talks violent sexual assault at concert when she was 19: 'I couldn't breathe' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/10/05/alyssa-milano-concert-sexual-assault-19-punched-metoo/1532125002/ |website=USA today |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref>
-Several [[hashtags]] related to sharing stories of workplace sexual harassment were used before #MeToo, including #MyHarveyWeinstein, #WhatWereYouWearing (on March 12, 2014 there was a question on Twitter "What Were You Wearing When You Were Assaulted?" and there were answers what they wore;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jtes/sexual-assault-survivors-answer-the-question-what-were-you-w|title=Sexual Assault Survivors Answer The Question "What Were You Wearing When You Were Assaulted?"|website=BuzzFeed News}}</ref> there were posts with the #whatwereyouwearing as late as of 2010, not related to any kind of sexual harassment or workplace<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dollasovadick/status/7510904461|title=@missfreshtadef that nigga is funny lol. #whatwereyouwearing|first=C.|last=Danni|date=January 7, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MissSML/status/27910204423|title=@AK1027 "damn... How did both dudes have the same name!?" Lmaoooo #whatwereyouwearing|first=Sara ॐ|last=Marie|date=October 20, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BradfordxBarber/status/93338536668971008|title=What do I associate with summer? Bad tan lines. #whatwereyouwearing|first=Darth|last=Fader&nbsp;💀&nbsp;✂️|date=July 19, 2011}}</ref>), #SurvivorPrivilege (in June 2014 the #SurvivorPrivilege was about alleged lies of rape survivors to get privileges and denial of that by females, especially by students<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/rossalynwarren/survivorprivilege-trends-on-twitter-after-columnist-says-rap|title=#SurvivorPrivilege Trends On Twitter After Columnist Says Rape Survivors Lie To Get "Privileges"|first=Rossalyn|last=Warren|website=BuzzFeed}}</ref>) and #YouOkSis (on August 2, 2014 there was #YouOkSis about street harassment<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thegrio.com/2014/08/02/youoksis-online-movement-launches-to-combat-street-harassment/|title=#YouOkSis: Online movement launches to combat street harassment|first=Demetria|last=Irwin|date=August 2, 2014}}</ref>).<ref name=":63">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/10/16/metoo-made-the-scale-of-sexual-abuse-go-viral-but-is-it-asking-too-much-of-survivors/ |title=#MeToo made the scale of sexual abuse go viral. But is it asking too much of survivors? |last=Ohlheiser |first=Abby |date=October 16, 2017 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105054033/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/10/16/metoo-made-the-scale-of-sexual-abuse-go-viral-but-is-it-asking-too-much-of-survivors/ |archive-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2018/03/09/the-metoo-movements-due-process-problem/ |title=The #MeToo movement's due-process problem |date=March 9, 2018 |work=The Denver Post|access-date=July 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/letters/ct-metoo-sexual-harassment-trial-20171215-story.html |title=The #MeToo Movement has thrown due process out the window |last=Tribune |first=Chicago |work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=July 12, 2018}}</ref>
-==Impact==
-In an October 2018 analysis of 200 powerful men implicated during #MeToo, ''[[The New York Times]]'' noted that nearly half of their replacements were women.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Carlsen |first1=Audrey |last2=Salam |first2=Maya |last3=Miller |first3=Claire Cain |last4=Lu |first4=Denise |last5=Ngu |first5=Ash |last6=Patel |first6=Jugal K. |last7=Wichter |first7=Zach |title=#MeToo Brought Down 201 Powerful Men. Nearly Half of Their Replacements Are Women. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2018-10-23 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/23/us/metoo-replacements.html, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/23/us/metoo-replacements.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
-===U.S. media and fashion industries===
-{{See also|Weinstein effect|Sexual abuse in Hollywood}}
-The phrase "Me too" was tweeted by Milano around noon on October 15, 2017, and had been used more than 200,000 times by the end of the day,<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-41633857 |title='MeToo' and the scale of sexual abuse |last=Sini |first=Rozina |date=October 16, 2017 |work=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107130802/http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-41633857 |archive-date=November 7, 2017}}</ref> and tweeted more than 500,000 times by October 16.<ref name=CNN>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/15/entertainment/me-too-twitter-alyssa-milano/index.html |title=#MeToo: Social media flooded with personal stories of assault |first=Lisa Respers |last=France |publisher=CNN |date=October 16, 2017 |access-date=October 16, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016002502/http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/15/entertainment/me-too-twitter-alyssa-milano/index.html |archive-date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> On Facebook, the hashtag was used by more than 4.7&nbsp;million people in 12&nbsp;million posts during the first 24 hours.<ref name="SantiagoCNN"/> The platform reported that 45% of users in the United States had a friend who had posted using the term.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/metoo-more-than-12-million-facebook-posts-comments-reactions-24-hours/ |title=More than 12M 'Me Too' Facebook posts, comments, reactions in 24 hours |date=October 17, 2017 |publisher=CBS News|access-date=October 23, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095757/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/metoo-more-than-12-million-facebook-posts-comments-reactions-24-hours/ |archive-date=October 24, 2017}}</ref>
-Tens of thousands of people, including hundreds of celebrities, replied with #MeToo stories.<ref name="avclub">{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/an-incomplete-depressingly-long-list-of-celebrities-se-1819628519 |title=An incomplete, depressingly long list of celebrities'&nbsp;sexual assault and harassment stories [UPDATED] |last=Rife |first=Katie |website=The A.V. Club |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017231911/https://www.avclub.com/an-incomplete-depressingly-long-list-of-celebrities-se-1819628519 |archive-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref> Some men, such as actors [[Terry Crews]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/11/actor-terry-crews-sexually-assaulted-by-hollywood-executive |title=Actor Terry Crews: I was sexually assaulted by Hollywood executive |first=Gwilym |last=Mumford |date=October 11, 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=October 29, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029211634/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/11/actor-terry-crews-sexually-assaulted-by-hollywood-executive |archive-date=October 29, 2017}}</ref> and [[James Van Der Beek]],<ref name="Leah">{{cite web |last1=Leah |first1=Rachel |title=James Van Der Beek's story of sexual abuse is a powerful reminder that men can be victims too |url=https://www.salon.com/2017/10/12/james-van-der-beek-tells-his-story-of-sexual-abuse-a-powerful-reminder-that-men-can-be-victims-too/ |website=Salon |access-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017210249/https://www.salon.com/2017/10/12/james-van-der-beek-tells-his-story-of-sexual-abuse-a-powerful-reminder-that-men-can-be-victims-too/ |archive-date=October 17, 2017|date=October 12, 2017 }}</ref> have responded to the hashtag with their own experiences of harassment and abuse. Others have responded by acknowledging past behaviors against women, spawning the hashtag #HowIWillChange.<ref name="Graham">{{cite web |last1=Graham |first1=Ruth |title=Why the #MeToo Moment Is Liberating, Dispiriting, and Uncomfortable All at Once |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2017/10/17/why_the_metoo_moment_is_liberating_dispiriting_and_uncomfortable_all_at.html |website=Slate |date=October 17, 2017 |access-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017235548/http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2017/10/17/why_the_metoo_moment_is_liberating_dispiriting_and_uncomfortable_all_at.html |archive-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref>
-In addition to [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]], "Me Too" declarations elicited discussion of sexual harassment and abuse in the [[music industry]],<ref name="Billboard2">{{cite web |title=Lady Gaga, Sheryl Crow and More Tweet #MeToo To Raise Awareness for Sexual Assault |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7998799/metoo-harrassment-lady-gaga-sheryl-crow-twitter-more |website=Billboard |access-date=October 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101203108/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7998799/metoo-harrassment-lady-gaga-sheryl-crow-twitter-more |archive-date=November 1, 2017}}</ref> sciences,<ref name="Neill">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/when-scientists-say-me-too/ |title=When Scientists Say, "Me, Too" |last1=Neill |first1=Ushma S. |website=Scientific American |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054215/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/when-scientists-say-me-too/ |archive-date=October 26, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> academia,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/life/article/Me-Too-the-end-of-the-beginning-of-a-movement-12289190.php |title='Me Too' the 'end of the beginning' of a movement |last=Gordon |first=Maggie |date=October 19, 2017 |website=Houston Chronicle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230736/http://www.houstonchronicle.com/life/article/Me-Too-the-end-of-the-beginning-of-a-movement-12289190.php |archive-date=October 23, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=October 23, 2017}}</ref> and politics.<ref name="Wang">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/10/21/senators-say-metoo-mccaskill-others-share-their-stories-of-sexual-harassment/ |title=Senators say #MeToo: McCaskill, others share their stories of sexual harassment |last1=Wang |first1=Amy B. |date=October 21, 2017 |website=The Washington Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021194642/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/10/21/senators-say-metoo-mccaskill-others-share-their-stories-of-sexual-harassment/ |archive-date=October 21, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=October 22, 2017}}</ref>
-Feminist author [[Gloria Feldt]] stated in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' that many employers are being forced to make changes in response to #MeToo, for example examining gender-based pay differences and improving sexual harassment policies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://motto.time.com/5120607/companies-leadership-metoo-era/ |title=How Companies Must Adapt in the #MeToo Era |website=Motto |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201120418/http://motto.time.com/5120607/companies-leadership-metoo-era/ |archive-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> Others have noted there has been pressure on companies, specifically in the financial industry, to disclose diversity statistics{{Clarify|reason-What is "diversity statistics"?|date=September 2019}}.<ref name=":47">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-financials-diversity/metoo-movement-puts-pressure-on-u-s-banks-to-disclose-diversity-data-idUSKBN1FJ2WF |title=#MeToo movement puts pressure on U.S. banks to disclose diversity data |date=January 30, 2018 |work=Reuters|access-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130212223/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-financials-diversity/metoo-movement-puts-pressure-on-u-s-banks-to-disclose-diversity-data-idUSKBN1FJ2WF|archive-date=January 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In February 2019 actress [[Emma Thompson]] wrote a letter to the American production company [[Skydance Media]], to explain that she had pulled out of the production of the animated feature film ''Luck'' the month prior because of the company's decision to hire Disney Chief Creative Officer [[John Lasseter]],<ref name=LATimes-Thompson>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-mn-emma-thompson-john-lasseter-skydance-20190226-story.html |title=Emma Thompson's letter to Skydance: Why I can't work for John Lasseter |date=February 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302115054/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-mn-emma-thompson-john-lasseter-skydance-20190226-story.html|archive-date=March 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> who had been accused of harassing women while at Disney. His behavior resulted in his decision to take a six-month leave of absence from the company, as he indicated in a memo in which he acknowledged "painful" conversations and unspecified "missteps."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Masters, Kim|date=November 21, 2017 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-lasseters-pattern-alleged-misconduct-detailed-by-disney-pixar-insiders-1059594 |title=John Lasseter's Pattern of Alleged Misconduct Detailed by Disney/Pixar Insiders |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en|access-date=June 10, 2019}}</ref>
-Among others, Thompson stated: "If a man has been touching women inappropriately for decades, why would a woman want to work for him if the only reason he's not touching them inappropriately now is that it says in his contract that he must behave 'professionally'?"<ref name=LATimes-Thompson/>
-The 2019 rerelease of ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' had a blooper scene during the credits removed due to sexual misconduct concerns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wjva75/disney-quietly-deleted-a-metoo-scene-out-of-the-latest-release-of-toy-story-2|title=Disney Quietly Deleted a #MeToo Scene Out of the Latest Release of 'Toy Story 2'|last1=Carr-Harris|first1=Dory|last2=Geoffroy|first2=Kyler|date=2019-07-02|website=Vice|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-08|last3=Bhattacharya|first3=Rupa}}</ref>
-=== Churches ===
-In November 2017, the hashtag #ChurchToo was started by Emily Joy and Hannah Paasch on Twitter and began trending in response to #MeToo as a way to try to highlight and stop sexual abuse that happens in a church.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/5034546/me-too-church-too-sexual-abuse/ |title=#ChurchToo Urges Twitter Users to Address Abuse at Church |website=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231215602/http://time.com/5034546/me-too-church-too-sexual-abuse/ |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sexual-abuse-churchtoo_us_5a205b30e4b03350e0b53131 |title=Sexual Abuse Happens In #ChurchToo – We're Living Proof |last=Paasch |first=Hannah |date=December 4, 2017 |website=HuffPost |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206053924/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sexual-abuse-churchtoo_us_5a205b30e4b03350e0b53131 |archive-date=December 6, 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref> In early January 2018, about a hundred evangelical women also launched #SilenceIsNotSpiritual to call for changes to how sexual misconduct is dealt within the church.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-silence-breakers-a-kairos-moment-for-the-church_us_5a4bb0b3e4b0d86c803c79a7 |title=The Silence Breakers: A Kairos Moment for the Church |last=James |first=Carolyn Custis |date=January 3, 2018 |website=HuffPost |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125143503/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-silence-breakers-a-kairos-moment-for-the-church_us_5a4bb0b3e4b0d86c803c79a7 |archive-date=January 25, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/women/2017/december/women-speak-up-in-silenceisnotspiritual-campaign.html |title=Women Speak Up in #SilenceIsNotSpiritual Campaign |website=CT Women |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224105550/http://www.christianitytoday.com/women/2017/december/women-speak-up-in-silenceisnotspiritual-campaign.html |archive-date=December 24, 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref> #ChurchToo started spreading again virally later in January 2018 in response to a live-streamed video admission by Pastor Andy Savage to his church that he sexually assaulted a 17-year-old girl twenty years before as a youth pastor while driving her home, but then received applause by his church for admitting to the incident and asking for forgiveness. Pastor Andy Savage then resigned from his staff position at Highpoint Church and stepped away from ministry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://religiondispatches.org/churchtoo-apology-of-evangelical-pastor-accused-of-sexual-assault-shows-why-sorry-isnt-enough/ |title=#Churchtoo: Apology of Evangelical Pastor Accused of Sexual Assault Shows Why Sorry Isn't Enough |date=January 16, 2018 |website=Religion Dispatches |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118132037/http://religiondispatches.org/churchtoo-apology-of-evangelical-pastor-accused-of-sexual-assault-shows-why-sorry-isnt-enough/ |archive-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://krvs.org/post/amid-metoo-evangelicals-grapple-misconduct-churchtoo |title=Amid #MeToo, Evangelicals Grapple With Misconduct in Their Own Churches |last=Gjelten |first=Tom |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125143503/http://krvs.org/post/amid-metoo-evangelicals-grapple-misconduct-churchtoo |archive-date=January 25, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.getreligion.org/getreligion/2018/1/12/big-coverage-of-memphis-pastor-and-woman-he-assaulted-provides-perfect-churchtoo-hook |title=Big coverage of Memphis pastor and woman he assaulted provides perfect #ChurchToo hook |website=GetReligion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112185710/https://www.getreligion.org/getreligion/2018/1/12/big-coverage-of-memphis-pastor-and-woman-he-assaulted-provides-perfect-churchtoo-hook |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref> Many have argued that one of the biggest crises in the history of the Catholic Church is the current child sexual abuse that is being reported, according to Tom Inglis in his book ''Are the Irish Different?''.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Are the Irish Different? |last=Inglis |first=Tom |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=2014 |pages=99–109}}</ref>
-=== Education ===
-{{See also|Francisco J. Ayala#Sexual harassment investigation and resignation| University of California, Irvine#Internal and political controversies}}
-The [[University of California]] has had substantial accusations of sexual harassment reported yearly in the hundreds at all nine UC campuses, notably UC Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, and San Diego.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/university-of-california-staff-faculty-sexual-misconduct-harassment-cases/ |title=University of California releases details on 113 employee sexual misconduct cases |agency=Associated Press |date=March 1, 2017 |publisher=CBS News |access-date=October 22, 2018}}</ref> However, a landmark event at the [[University of California, Irvine]] spearheaded the removal and reprimand of several campus officials and professors accused of sexual harassment and discrimination. In early July 2018, UC Irvine removed millionaire benefactor [[Francisco J. Ayala]]'s name from its biology school, central science library, graduate fellowships, scholar programs, and endowed chairs after an internal investigation substantiated a number of sexual harassment claims. The results from the investigation were compiled in a 97-page report, which included testimony from victims enduring Ayala's harassment for 15 years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://filebin.net/0zz55fgacjmtxeqb |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306184833/https://filebin.net/0zz55fgacjmtxeqb |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/06/28/uci-proposes-new-name-for-school-of-biological-sciences-science-library-after-internal-investigation-substantiates-sexual-harassment-claims-against-signature-donor/ |title=UCI proposes new name for School of Biological Sciences, science library after internal investigation substantiates sexual harassment claims against signature donor |last=Harriman |first=Pat |date=June 28, 2018 |work=UCI News|access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/07/02/uc-irvine-says-it-will-remove-former-professors-name-institutions-he-helped-build |title=Professor, Donor, Harasser |last=Flaherty |first=Colleen |date=July 2, 2018 |work=Inside Higher Education|access-date=July 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/07/02/uc-irvine-says-it-will-remove-former-professors-name-institutions-he-helped-build |title=Acclaimed UC Irvine geneticist who gave millions to the campus resigns due to sexual harassment |last=Watanabe |first=Teresa |date=June 28, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/06/prominent-geneticist-out-uc-irvine-after-harassment-finding |title=Prominent geneticist out at UC Irvine after harassment finding |last=Wadman |first=Meredith |date=June 29, 2018 |work=Science Magazine|access-date=June 29, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://chancellor.uci.edu/engagement/campus-communications/2018/180628-franciscojayala-message.php |title=Important Message Regarding Francisco J. Ayala |last=Gillman |first=Howard |date=June 28, 2018 |work=Office of the Chancellor|access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-edu-uc-irvine-sexual-misconduct-20181013-story.html |title=Banishment of an acclaimed UC Irvine professor sparks debate over whether #MeToo can go too far |last=Watanabe |first=Teresa |date=June 28, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=October 22, 2018}}</ref> His removal promptly sparked the removal of Professor [[Ron Carlson]] in August 2018, who had led the creative writing program at UC Irvine. He resigned after substantiated reports of sexual misconduct with an underage student were unearthed.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hotchkiss.org/uploaded/documents/Hotchkiss_FINAL.pdf?1534530340087 |title=Report to the Board of Trustees of The Hotchkiss School |date=August 28, 2018 |work=The Hotchkiss School|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> UC Irvine upon learning about the report accepted Professor Carlson's immediate resignation.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-irvine-resignation-20180828-story.html |title=UC Irvine professor resigns after allegation of sexual misconduct with underage boarding-school student in the 1970s |last=Pearce |first=Matt |date=August 28, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> Four additional professors in the School of Biological Sciences at UC Irvine between June and August 2018 were put under sanctions or terminated for violating the UC Policy on Sexual Harassment{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}. Several claims were also reviewed against [[Thomas A. Parham]], former vice chancellor at UC Irvine and former president of the Association of Black Psychologists.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-edu-uc-irvine-pay-inequity-20180907-story.html |title=Former UC Irvine vice chancellor committed sex discrimination by paying women less than men, review finds |last=Watanabe |first=Teresa |date=September 7, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref>
-To address harassment within scientific settings, [[BethAnn McLaughlin]] started the #MeTooSTEM movement and hashtag.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/sciences-address-harassment-metoostem-wants-funds-cut-too-1 |title=Sciences Address Harassment; #MeTooSTEM Wants Funds Cut Too (1) |last=Smith |first=Paige |website=news.bloomberglaw.com|access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref> She called for the National Institutes of Health to cut funding to anyone who has been found guilty of harassment charges.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/11/30/metoo-activist-bethann-mclaughlin-focused-scientists/UAvSIL2uGskEf5YUkcQhoO/story.html |title=#MeToo activist BethAnn McLaughlin is focused on scientists – The Boston Globe |last=Reporter |first=Deirdre Fernandes- |website=Boston Globe|access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref> McLaughlin shared the MIT Media Lab Disobedience Award with [[Tarana Burke]] and [[Sherry Marts]] for her work on Me Too in STEM.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.mit.edu/2018/media-lab-disobedience-award-winners-announced-1128 |title=Tarana Burke, BethAnn McLaughlin, and Sherry Marts win 2018 Media Lab Disobedience Award |website=MIT News|access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://boston.cbslocal.com/2018/11/27/metoo-tarana-burke-mit-media-lab-disobedience-award/ |title=#MeToo Leaders To Get MIT Disobedience Award |date=November 27, 2018|access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref>
-There are still many places of education such as high schools, however, where legal intervention is not readily enforced for situations where sexual assault takes place. Pamela Y. Price in her book ''Directions in Sexual Harassment Law'' describes how "a major argument for why [laws against] sexual harassment won't work in education is that issues of sexuality can't be regulated (similar to the debate in employment) or that adolescent behavior is too unpredictable to be legally controlled" (Price 62).<ref>{{Cite book|date=November 10, 2003|editor-last=MacKinnon|editor-first=Catharine A.|editor2-last=Siegel|editor2-first=Reva B.|title=Directions in Sexual Harassment Law|journal=Nova Law Review|volume=31|issue=2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/directi_xxx_2004_00_9966/page/225 225–236]|doi=10.12987/yale/9780300098006.001.0001|isbn=9780300098006|url=https://archive.org/details/directi_xxx_2004_00_9966/page/225}}</ref>
-=== Finance ===
-It has been noted that, although the [[financial services|financial industry]] is known to have a wide prevalence of sexual harassment,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-harassment-breakingviews/breakingviews-citys-metoo-moment-is-tipping-point-and-catalyst-idUSKBN1FE2F2 |title=City's #MeToo moment is tipping point and catalyst |date=January 25, 2018 |work=Reuters |access-date=January 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070649/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-harassment-breakingviews/breakingviews-citys-metoo-moment-is-tipping-point-and-catalyst-idUSKBN1FE2F2 |archive-date=January 26, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> as of January 2018, there were no high-profile financial executives stepping down as the result of #MeToo allegations.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |url=https://qz.com/1188053/the-presidents-club-fallout-why-metoo-movement-will-not-affect-the-financial-world/ |title=Why the financial world and big business will never have a #MeToo moment |last=Brinded |first=Lianna |website=Quartz |access-date=January 25, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012855/https://qz.com/1188053/the-presidents-club-fallout-why-metoo-movement-will-not-affect-the-financial-world/ |archive-date=January 26, 2018}}</ref> The first widely covered example of concrete consequences in finance was when two reporters, including Madison Marriage of the ''[[Financial Times]]'', went [[undercover operation|undercover]] at a men-only [[Presidents Club]] event meant to raise money for children. Because women were not allowed to attend except as "hostesses" in tight, short black dresses with black underwear, Financial Times reporter Madison Marriage and another reporter got jobs as hostesses and documented widespread sexual misconduct. As a result, The Presidents Club was shut down.<ref name=":11" />
-In March 2018, Morgan Stanley broker [[Douglas E. Greenberg]] was put on administrative leave after a ''New York Times'' story outlined harassment allegations by four women, including multiple arrests for the violation of restraining orders, and a threat to burn down an ex-girlfriend's house. It has been called the #MeToo moment of Portland's financial service industry.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2018/03/morgan_stanley_aware_of_abuse.html |title=Morgan Stanley knew of abuse allegations against Lake Oswego broker: report |work=The Oregonian|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref>
-Only about a quarter of top positions are held by women at several major banks, and there is evidence there may be wide disparities in some financial institutions between how much men and women are paid on average.<ref name=":47" />{{Relevance inline|reason=This article is about accusations of sexual harassment, not about all issues of gender equality in the workplace|date=September 2019}}
-The authors of a December 2018 ''[[Bloomberg News]]'' article on this topic interviewed more than thirty senior [[Wall Street]] executives and found that many are now more cautious about [[Mentorship|mentoring]] up and coming female executives because of the perceived risks involved. One said, "If men avoid working or traveling with women alone, or stop mentoring women for fear of being accused of sexual harassment, those men are going to back out of a sexual harassment complaint and right into a sex discrimination complaint."<ref name="WallStreetRuleBloomberg">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-03/a-wall-street-rule-for-the-metoo-era-avoid-women-at-all-cost |title=Wall Street Rule for the #MeToo Era: Avoid Women at All Cost |author=Gillian Tan and Katia Porzecanski |date=December 3, 2018 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=December 4, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Politics and government ===
-Statehouses in California, Illinois, Oregon, and Rhode Island responded to allegations of sexual harassment surfaced by the campaign,<ref name="Tareen">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/illinois/articles/2017-10-24/open-letter-alleges-sexual-harassment-in-illinois-politics |title=Latest Front in Weinstein Scandal: Statehouses Say 'Me Too' |last1=Tareen |first1=Sophia |magazine=US News and World Report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054210/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/illinois/articles/2017-10-24/open-letter-alleges-sexual-harassment-in-illinois-politics |archive-date=October 26, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref> and several women in politics spoke out about their experiences of sexual harassment, including [[United States Senator]]s [[Heidi Heitkamp]], [[Mazie Hirono]], [[Claire McCaskill]] and [[Elizabeth Warren]].<ref name="Wang" /> Congresswoman [[Jackie Speier]] has introduced a bill aimed at making sexual harassment complaints easier to report on [[Capitol Hill]].<ref name="Cadei">{{cite web |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article180767911.html |title=Few in Washington are saying #MeToo. California congresswoman wants to change that |last1=Cadei |first1=Emily |website=The Miami Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054331/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article180767911.html |archive-date=October 26, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref> The accusations in the world of [[Politics of Spain|Spanish politics]] have also been published in the media,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://ramblalibre.com/2018/01/26/eduardo-zaplana-depredador-de-mujeres-y-la-prostitucion-politica-en-el-pp-valenciano-1/ |title=Movement spreads in Spain |work=RL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201120419/http://ramblalibre.com/2018/01/26/eduardo-zaplana-depredador-de-mujeres-y-la-prostitucion-politica-en-el-pp-valenciano-1/|archive-date=February 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and a series of allegations and research on MPs and political figures of (all major British political parties) regarding sexual impropriety became [[2017 Westminster sexual scandals|a nationwide scandal in 2017]]; this research was undertaken in the aftermath of the Weinstein scandal and the Me Too movement.<ref name=ft-20171030>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/6a36baf2-bd74-11e7-b8a3-38a6e068f464 |title=Will sexual harassment in Westminster be as big as MPs expenses? |last=Payne |first=Sebastian |newspaper=Financial Times |date=October 30, 2017 |access-date=November 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105070453/https://www.ft.com/content/6a36baf2-bd74-11e7-b8a3-38a6e068f464 |archive-date=November 5, 2017 }}</ref><ref name=guardian-20171031>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/oct/30/leadsom-pledges-support-team-for-victims-of-sexual-harassment-in-parliament |title=Michael Fallon sorry for 'unwelcome' behaviour against female journalist |last=Stewart |first=Heather |newspaper=The Guardian |date=October 31, 2017 |access-date=November 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105052832/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/oct/30/leadsom-pledges-support-team-for-victims-of-sexual-harassment-in-parliament |archive-date=November 5, 2017 }}</ref><ref name=BBC30Oct>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/blogs-the-papers-41798711 |title='Parliament sex pest row' as PM vows to take action |date=November 1, 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=November 1, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126043428/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/blogs-the-papers-41798711 |archive-date=November 26, 2017 }}</ref>
-Detective Leslie Branch-Wise of the [[Denver Police Department]] spoke publicly for the first time in 2018 about experiencing [[sexual harassment]] by [[Denver]] Mayor [[Michael B. Hancock]]. The detective provided sexually suggestive text messages from Hancock sent to her while working for Hancock's [[security detail]] in 2012. After six years of keeping the secret, Detective Branch-Wise credited the Me Too movement as an inspiration to share her experience.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kovaleski |first1=Tony |last2=Murray |first2=Jon |title=Denver mayor admits he sent suggestive text messages to police officer in 2012. "Who do you tell if he's at the top?" she says. |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2018/02/27/denver-mayor-michael-hancock-text-messages/ |access-date=February 28, 2018 |work=The Denver Post |date=February 27, 2018}}</ref>
-Congressman [[John Conyers]] was the first sitting United States politician to resign in the wake of #MeToo.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis Richardson |title=Battered by Sexual Harassment Allegations, John Conyers Resigns From Congress |url=https://observer.com/2017/12/battered-by-sexual-harassment-allegations-john-conyers-resigns-from-congress/ |access-date=January 15, 2019 |work=[[The New York Observer]] |date=December 5, 2017 |quote=Conyers is the first sitting politician ousted from office in the wake of the #MeToo movement}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=David Weigel |title=Race for John Conyers Jr.'s House seat simmers with anger over treatment of him and of Detroit |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/race-for-john-conyers-jrs-house-seat-simmers-with-anger-over-treatment-of-him-and-of-detroit/2018/08/03/45029e94-94e3-11e8-810c-5fa705927d54_story.html?noredirect=on |access-date=January 14, 2019 |work=The Washington Post |date=August 3, 2018 |quote=still missed former congressman John Conyers Jr. She hadn't gotten over the way the #MeToo movement brought him down.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McKinley Noble |title=Civil rights hero and Democrat John Conyers has been felled by #MeToo |url=https://qz.com/1138208/john-conyers-steps-down-as-the-ranking-democrat-on-the-house-judiciary-committee/ |access-date=January 15, 2019 |work=Quartz |date=November 26, 2017 |quote=This makes Conyers just the latest politician to fall to the #MeToo movement}}</ref> Later in 2019, [[Katie Hill (politician)|Katie Hill]] resigned from Congress<ref name=Bowman>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/27/773942001/rep-katie-hill-facing-an-ethics-investigation-says-she-will-resign |title=Rep. Katie Hill, Facing An Ethics Investigation, Says She Will Resign |last=Bowman |first=Emma |work=NPR News |date=October 27, 2019}}</ref> due to an affair with a staffer after the [[House Ethics Committee]] opened an investigation into her conduct, stemming from these new rules.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/23/ethics-committee-launches-investigation-into-rep-katie-hill-000295|title=Ethics panel launches investigation into Rep. Katie Hill|last=Bresnahan|first=John|date=October 23, 2019|work=[[Politico]]|access-date=October 23, 2019|language=en}}</ref>
-In October 2020, the Lord Mayor of Copenhagen, [[Frank Jensen]], resigned after admitting that he had been harassing women for about 30 years.<ref name=copenhagen /> The Danish Foreign Minister, [[Jeppe Kofod]], was reported to police because he had intercourse with a 15 year old girl.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bt.dk/krimi/sagen-der-ikke-vil-doe-jeppe-kofod-anmeldt-for-voldtaegt-af-15-aarig|title=Sagen, der ikke vil dø: Jeppe Kofod anmeldt for voldtægt af 15-årig|date=2020-10-20|publisher=[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]]|language=da}}</ref> He has admitted the affair, but it is not clear whether it was criminal.
-The Me Too movement still struggle with getting laws passed in certain areas of the United States. In the US government, there have not been any laws passed for sexual harassment and abuse because Congress is holding out on it. Because no laws are not being passed, the movement stands up and continues to fight for social change. As they keep fighting, they get some changes across the US.<ref name=":310">{{Cite web|last=North|first=Anna|date=2019-10-04|title=7 positive changes that have come from the #MeToo movement|url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/10/4/20852639/me-too-movement-sexual-harassment-law-2019|access-date=2020-11-08|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref> In some states, there has been banning of nondisclosure agreements because of the situation with Harvey Weinstein. He kept his assistant from speaking out for 20 years because of the nondisclosure agreement that Weinstein made him sign. So this banning has been enforced in states such as California, New Jersey, and New York. There has been cases where the victims have been paid for their traumas. An example would be the case with [[Larry Nassar]], who used to be the doctor for the USA Gymnastics team. Nassar was sent to jail between 40 and 175 years for sexually assaulting more than 100 gymnast on the team. Americans have seen power in a whole different perspective which is who most of the laws are being enforced today.
-==== ME TOO bill in U.S. Congress ====
-[[Jackie Speier]] proposed the Member and Employee Training and Oversight on Congress Act (ME TOO Congress Act) on November 15, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/11/15/564405871/me-too-legislation-aims-to-combat-sexual-harassment-in-congress |title='Me Too' Legislation Aims To Combat Sexual Harassment in Congress |publisher=NPR |access-date=January 22, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121201936/https://www.npr.org/2017/11/15/564405871/me-too-legislation-aims-to-combat-sexual-harassment-in-congress |archive-date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> The full language of the bipartisan bill was revealed by the House on January 18, 2018 as an amendment to the [[Congressional Accountability Act of 1995]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-unveils-landmark-sexual-harassment-overhaul-bill-n838436 |title=House unveils landmark sexual harassment overhaul bill |publisher=NBC News |access-date=January 22, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122073057/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-unveils-landmark-sexual-harassment-overhaul-bill-n838436 |archive-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> The purpose of the bill is to change how the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government treats sexual harassment complaints. Under the old system, complaints regarding the legislative branch were channeled through the [[United States Congress Office of Compliance|Office of Compliance]], which required complete confidentially through the process and took months of counseling and mediation before a complaint could actually be filed. Any settlement payments were paid using federal taxes, and it was reported that within a decade, $15&nbsp;million of tax money had been spent settling harassment and discrimination complaints. The bill would ensure future complaints could only take up to 180 days to be filed. The bill would also allow the staffers to transfer to a different department or otherwise work away from the presence of the alleged harasser without losing their jobs if they requested it. The bill would require Representatives and Senators to pay for their own harassment settlements. The Office of Compliance would no longer be allowed to keep settlements secret, and would be required to publicly publish the settlement amounts and the associated employing offices. For the first time, the same protections would also apply to unpaid workers, including pages, fellows and interns.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/360489-lawmakers-unveil-me-too-congress-bill-to-overhaul-sexual-harassment-policies |title=Lawmakers unveil 'ME TOO Congress' bill to overhaul sexual harassment policies |last=Marcos |first=Cristina |date=November 15, 2017 |website=TheHill|access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223010703/http://thehill.com/homenews/house/360489-lawmakers-unveil-me-too-congress-bill-to-overhaul-sexual-harassment-policies |archive-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/17/congress-harassment-policy-scandals-345481 |title=House unveils sweeping harassment overhaul after wave of scandals |website=POLITICO |access-date=January 22, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072858/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/17/congress-harassment-policy-scandals-345481 |archive-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/17/578524736/bill-changes-how-congressional-sexual-harassment-claims-are-handled |title=Bill Changes How Congressional Sexual Harassment Claims Are Handled |publisher=NPR |access-date=January 22, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122024352/https://www.npr.org/2018/01/17/578524736/bill-changes-how-congressional-sexual-harassment-claims-are-handled |archive-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Silicon Valley ===
-In the months preceding the NY Times story on [[Harvey Weinstein]], [[Travis Kalanick]] (CEO of Uber at the time) came under fire for enabling a misogynist culture at the company, and having extensive knowledge of sexual harassment complaints at the company, while failing to do anything about them.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/19/business/uber-sexual-harassment-investigation.html |title=Uber Investigating Sexual Harassment Claims by Ex-Employee |date=February 19, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2020 }}</ref> After an initial blog post by a former Uber Engineer detailed her experiences at the company, more employees came out with their own stories, as documented in a follow-up article by the NY Times in late February 2017. In it, they detail how they had notified senior management including Kalanick about incidents of sexual harassment, and that their complaints had gone ignored.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/22/technology/uber-workplace-culture.html |title=Inside Uber's Aggressive, Unrestrained Workplace Culture |date=February 22, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2020 }}</ref> A few months later, in June 2017, Kalanick himself came under allegations of sexual harassment, as it was reported that he visited an escort bar in Seoul, bringing fellow female employees of the company along with him.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/a/sexual-harassment-assault-allegations-list/travis-kalanick |title=Travis Kalanick is one of 262 celebrities, politicians, CEOs, and others who have been accused of sexual misconduct since April 2017 |date=February 22, 2017 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |access-date=January 5, 2020 }}</ref> One of the female employees filed a complaint to Human Resources about how she felt forced to be there, and was very uncomfortable in that environment, where women were made to wear tags with numbers on them, as if in an auction.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/27/uber-employees-visit-karaoke-escort-bar-in-seoul.html |title=Uber employees visited karaoke-escort bar in Seoul, which led to HR complaint, says report |date=March 27, 2017 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=January 5, 2020 }}</ref> Fresh allegations of sexual harassment at the company surfaced one year later, implicating Uber's Corporate Development Executive Cameron Poetzscher. The allegations made it clear that Uber was not taking this issue seriously enough.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/10/26/uber-google-long-lingering-tail-metoo/ |title=Uber, Google and the long, lingering tail of #MeToo |date=October 26, 2018 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=January 5, 2020 }}</ref>
-On October 25, 2018, the New York Times released a detailed report on the prior behavior of Andy Rubin at Google. The allegations cite that Google knew of a sexual misconduct claim against Rubin, and yet still decided to pay him a $90 million separation package at his departure from the company.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/technology/google-sexual-harassment-andy-rubin.html|title=How Google Protected Andy Rubin, the 'Father of Android' |date=October 25, 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2020 }}</ref>
-=== Sports ===
-Soon after #MeToo started spreading in late 2017, several allegations from a 2016 ''[[The Indianapolis Star|Indianapolis Star]]'' article resurfaced in the gymnastic industry against former U.S. Gymnastics doctor [[Larry Nassar]] of [[Michigan State University]]. Nassar was called out via #MeToo for [[USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal|sexually assaulting gymnasts]] as young as 6 years old during "treatments".<ref name=":9">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/the-metoo-moment-for-us-gymnasts-olympics-nassar-justice.html |title=The #MeToo Moment: For U.S. Gymnasts, Why Did Justice Take So Long? |date=January 25, 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 25, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126182826/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/the-metoo-moment-for-us-gymnasts-olympics-nassar-justice.html |archive-date=January 26, 2018}}</ref> [[Rachael Denhollander]] was the first to call him out.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadspin.com/it-began-with-rachael-denhollander-and-it-ends-with-her-1822388448 |title=It Began With Rachael Denhollander And It Ends With Her |last=Meyers |first=Dvora |website=Deadspin |access-date=January 25, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125003835/https://deadspin.com/it-began-with-rachael-denhollander-and-it-ends-with-her-1822388448 |archive-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref> Though nothing was done after the initial allegations came out in 2016, after more than 150 women came forward, Nassar was effectively sentenced to life in prison. The president of [[Michigan State University]], [[Lou Anna Simon]], resigned in the wake of the scandal.<ref name=":9"/>
-At around the same time, [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]] star [[Breanna Stewart]] publicly revealed that she had been a victim of child sexual abuse from age 9 to 11.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theplayerstribune.com/en-us/articles/breanna-stewart-me-too |title=Me Too |first=Breanna |last=Stewart |publisher=[[The Players' Tribune]] |date=October 30, 2017 |access-date=January 31, 2019}}</ref>
-In late November 2017, [[Lui Lai Yiu]], a [[hurdler]] from Hong Kong, recounted in a Facebook post instances of having been sexually assaulted by her male coach when she was 14, sparking off mass controversy in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hong Kong hurdler Vera Lui's claim that a coach sexually assaulted her when she was 13 sparks outcry, police probe |date=November 30, 2017 |newspaper=South China Morning Post |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2122203/coach-sexually-assaulted-her-when-she-was-13-hong-kong}}</ref> Her coach was arrested in late January 2018,<ref>{{cite news |title=Hong Kong hurdler Vera Lui's ex-coach arrested for sexual assault. |date=January 31, 2018 |newspaper=Diario AS |url=https://en.as.com/en/2018/01/31/other_sports/1517390267_635856.html}}</ref> but acquitted in mid-November 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=【教練性侵案】田徑教練黃恆脫非禮罪 官讚女學員勇敢望裁決不影響metoo運動 |date=November 16, 2018 |newspaper=Apple Daily Hong Kong |url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20181116/58919187}}</ref>
-In 1996, while attending the University of Tennessee, former [[American football]] player Peyton Manning was accused of [[sexual assault]] by trainer Jamie Ann Naughright after he pressed his genitals against Naughright's face during a foot examination. Manning claims that he was just pulling a prank by "[[mooning]]" another athlete in the room as Naughright bent over to examine him.  Both Naughright and the other athlete deny Manning's story. Naughright settled with the university for $300,000 for its alleged failure in four incidents, and resigned from the school.  She had initially made a list of 33 complaints about the school.<ref name="chronicle.augusta.com">{{cite news |url=http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/1997/08/20/oth_213271.shtml |title=Trainer's settlement involved more than Manning's mooning |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[Augusta Chronicle]] |date=August 20, 1997}}</ref> Naughright filed a defamation lawsuit against Peyton Manning and three other parties in 2002. Manning defamed her in a book he wrote with his father and author John Underwood. The lawsuit was settled after the court ruled there was sufficient evidence for it to be heard by a jury. Terms of the settlement were not disclosed due to confidentiality terms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/colts/2003-12-25-manning-lawsuit_x.htm |title=USATODAY.com – Peyton Manning defamation lawsuit resolved |website=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/2016/02/14/peyton-manning-lawsuit-sexual-harassment-documents-tennessee |title=Documents reveal more litigation in Manning case |first=Michael |last=McCann |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] |date=February 14, 2016}}</ref>
-=== Medicine ===
-MeToo has encouraged discussion about sexual harassment in the medical field.<ref name=":27">{{Cite journal |last=Launer |first=John |date=February 1, 2018 |title=Sexual harassment of women in medicine: a problem for men to address |url=http://pmj.bmj.com/content/94/1108/129 |journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal |volume=94 |issue=1108 |pages=129–130 |doi=10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135554 |issn=0032-5473 |pmid=29378917|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ihpi.umich.edu/news/women-medicine-say-metoo-report-%E2%80%98appalling%E2%80%99-experiences |title=Women in Medicine Say #MeToo, Report 'Appalling' Experiences {{!}} Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation|website=ihpi.umich.edu|access-date=February 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":30">{{Cite news |url=http://www.healthimaging.com/topics/practice-management/reshma-jagsi-radiology-s-expert-sexual-harassment-women-medicine |title=Reshma Jagsi: Radiology's expert on sexual harassment of women in medicine |work=Health Imaging|access-date=February 18, 2018}}</ref> Research had indicated that among U.S. academic medical faculty members, about 30% of women and 4% of men have reported experiencing sexual harassment, and it has been noted that medical staff who complain often receive negative consequences to their careers.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":30" /> Other evidence has indicated 60% of medical trainees and students experienced harassment or discrimination during training, though most do not report the incidents.<ref name=":27" />
-=== Music ===
-Several prominent musicians have expressed support for the Me Too movement and have shared their own experiences of sexual assault and harassment.
-Before the Me Too Movement, in 2017, [[Jessie Reyez]] released the song "Gatekeeper" about her experience of harassment by a famous producer, describing the conversations men in power have with young women working in the music industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3069080/jessie-reyez-gatekeeper-interview-performance/|title=Jessie Reyez Feels Conflicted About How Intensely People Resonate With 'Gatekeeper'|last=Roth|first=Madeline|website=MTV News}}</ref> This song inspired female artists in the music industry to speak up against sexual harassment, contributing to the start of the Me Too movement.<ref name="usatoday.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2019/03/01/beyond-r-kelly-how-predatory-music-producers-prey-female-artists/3027432002/ |title=R. Kelly and beyond: How predatory music producers prey on female artists |website=USA TODAY}}</ref>
-Actress [[Alyssa Milano]]'s activism for the Me Too movement began because she was harassed at the age of 19 during a concert.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jenson |first1=Erin |title=Alyssa Milano talks violent sexual assault at concert when she was 19: 'I couldn't breathe' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/10/05/alyssa-milano-concert-sexual-assault-19-punched-metoo/1532125002/ |website=USA today |access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref> On October 15, 2017, she started a viral Twitter thread by tweeting "If you’ve been sexually harassed or assaulted write ‘me too’ as a reply to this tweet." Musicians such as [[Sheryl Crow]], [[Christina Perri]] and [[Lady Gaga]] responded and contributed their own personal experiences.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7998799/metoo-harrassment-lady-gaga-sheryl-crow-twitter-more|title=Lady Gaga, Sheryl Crow and More Tweet #MeToo To Raise Awareness for Sexual Assault|last=Stubblebine|first=Alison|date=October 16, 2017|website=Billboard|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>
-[[Amanda Palmer]] and songwriter Jasmine Power composed "Mr. Weinstein Will See You Now", a song that takes listeners through a story of a woman invited to the office of a man in power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.axs.com/amanda-palmer-contributes-to-metoo-movement-with-new-song-mr-weinstein-130560|title=Amanda Palmer contributes to #MeToo movement with new song 'Mr.Weinstein Will See You Now'|last1=Sheetz|first1=Janelle|date=May 24, 2018|website=AXS|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> A music video with an all-woman crew, cast and production team was released on the anniversary of the ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]''{{'}}s reporting on [[Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations|sexual abuse allegations against Harvey Weinstein]], with profits donated to #TimesUp, a movement against sexual harassment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/amanda-palmer-video-weinstein-2387097-2387097|title=Amanda Palmer reveals powerful video for 'Mr Weinstein Will See You Now' on anniversary of #MeToo|last1=Smith|first1=Amy|website=NME|access-date=March 26, 2019|date=October 5, 2018}}</ref>
-The band [[Veruca Salt]] used the #MeToo hashtag to air allegations of sexual harassment against [[James Toback]],<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/10/23/director-james-toback-accused-of-sexual-abuse-by-38-women/ Director James Toback accused of sexual harassment by 38 women] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023103958/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/10/23/director-james-toback-accused-of-sexual-abuse-by-38-women/ |date=October 23, 2017 }} Travis M. Andrews, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', October 23, 2017</ref> and singer-songwriter [[Alice Glass]] used the hashtag to share a history of alleged sexual assault and other abuses by former [[Crystal Castles (band)|Crystal Castles]] bandmate [[Ethan Kath]].<ref name="Aswad">{{cite web |last1=Aswad |first1=Jem |title=Alice Glass Accuses Former Crystal Castles Bandmate of Sexual Assault, Abuse |url=https://variety.com/2017/music/news/alice-glass-accuses-former-crystal-castles-bandmate-of-sexual-assault-abuse-1202598036/ |website=Variety |access-date=October 25, 2017 |date=October 24, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025001511/http://variety.com/2017/music/news/alice-glass-accuses-former-crystal-castles-bandmate-of-sexual-assault-abuse-1202598036/ |archive-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Vincent">{{cite news |last1=Vincent |first1=Alice |title=Crystal Castles' Ethan Kath has denied claims by bandmate Alice Glass that he raped and abused her for years |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/news/crystal-castles-ethan-kath-has-denied-claims-bandmate-alice/ |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=October 25, 2017 |date=October 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025150045/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/news/crystal-castles-ethan-kath-has-denied-claims-bandmate-alice/ |archive-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref>
-Singer-songwriter [[Halsey (singer)|Halsey]] wrote a poem, "A Story Like Mine", which she delivered at a [[2018 Women's March]] in New York City. The poem describes incidents of sexual assault and violence throughout her life, including accompanying her best friend to Planned Parenthood after she had been raped and her personal experiences of sexual assault by neighbors and boyfriends.<ref name=":022">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/womens-march-scarlett-johansson-viola-davis-halsey-speeches-w515693|title=See Rousing Women's March Speeches from Halsey, Viola Davis and More|last=Chen|first=Joyce|date=January 22, 2018|work=Rolling Stone|access-date=February 19, 2018}}</ref>
-====Allegations against figures in the music industry====
-In January 2019, the [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]] documentary ''[[Surviving R. Kelly]]'' aired, describing several women's accusations of sexual, emotional, mental, and physical abuse by singer [[R. Kelly]]. The documentary questioned the "ecosystem" that "supports and enables" powerful individuals in the music industry.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gross |first1=Terry |title=Dream Hampton Takes On 'Ecosystem' That's Supported R. Kelly |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/02/20/695083431/surviving-r-kelly-producer-dream-hampton-takes-on-ecosystem-that-s-supported-him |website=NPR.org |access-date=March 22, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In February 2019, Kelly was arrested for 10 alleged counts of sexual abuse against four women, three of whom were minors at the time of the incidents.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Elizabeth A. |title=R. Kelly Charged With 10 Counts of Sexual Abuse in Chicago |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/22/arts/music/r-kelly-charged-indicted.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=March 22, 2019 |date=February 22, 2019}}</ref> His former wife [[Andrea Kelly]] has also accused him of domestic violence and filed a restraining order against him in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tsioulcas |first1=Anastasia |title=R. Kelly's Ex-Wife Accuses Him Of Physical Abuse |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/10/09/655803259/r-kellys-ex-wife-accuses-him-of-physical-abuse |website=NPR.org |access-date=March 22, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
-Singer [[Kesha]] has accused her former producer [[Dr. Luke]] of sexually, physically, and emotionally abusing her since the beginning of her music career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/kesha-sues-producer-dr-luke-for-sexual-assault-and-battery-238171/|title=Kesha Sues Dr. Luke for Sexual Assault and Battery|last=Grow|first=Kory|date=2014-10-14|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>  Dr. Luke denied the allegations and a judge refused her request to be released from a contract with [[Sony Music]] due to the alleged abuse.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2016/02/103636/kesha-court-motion-denied|title=Kesha Breaks Down In Court After Judge Denies Her Request To Be Released From Sony|last=Kiefer|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-02-19|website=refinery29.com|language=en|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> Kesha described her response to this experience in the song "Praying", which she performed at the 2018 [[Grammy Award|Grammys]]. The song was seen as offering encouragement to sexual assault survivors that the world can improve.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/01/189206/kesha-praying-grammys-performance-women-white-me-too-meaning|title=This Is What Made Kesha's Grammys Performance So Damn Powerful|last=Romero|first=Ariana|date=2018-01-28|website=refinery29.com}}</ref>
-A documentary was also instrumental in publicizing accusations against the late singer [[Michael Jackson]]. Child sexual abuse allegations against Jackson were renewed after the airing of the documentary ''[[Leaving Neverland]]'' in 2019. The documentary focuses on [[Wade Robson]] and James Safechuck and their interactions with Jackson, especially the sexual interactions they say they endured for years during their childhood.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morris |first1=Wesley |title=Michael Jackson Cast a Spell. 'Leaving Neverland' Breaks It. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/arts/television/michael-jackson-leaving-neverland.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=March 27, 2019 |date=February 28, 2019}}</ref> Both had previously testified in Jackson's defense — Safechuck as a child during the 1993 investigation, Robson both as a child in 1993 and as a young adult in 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/06/us/2-witnesses-say-they-shared-jacksons-bed-and-were-never-molested.html|title=2 Witnesses Say They Shared Jackson's Bed and Were Never Molested|last=Broder|first=John M.|date=May 6, 2005|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=May 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Sperling|first1=Nicole|date=February 21, 2019|title="Michael Is Everywhere": Two Michael Jackson Accusers Explain Why They're Speaking Out in HBO's Leaving Neverland|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/02/michael-jackson-accusers-explain-speaking-out-hbo-leaving-neverland|magazine=Vanity Fair|access-date=March 15, 2019}}</ref> In 2015, Robson's case against Jackson's estate was dismissed because it was filed too late.<ref>{{cite press release|first=Andrew|last=Dalton|title=APNewsBreak: Michael Jackson Sex Abuse Lawsuit Dismissed|agency=Associated Press|date=December 20, 2017|access-date=December 21, 2017|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/entertainment/articles/2017-12-19/apnewsbreak-michael-jackson-sex-abuse-lawsuit-dismissed}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/michael-jackson-molestation-lawsuit-dismissed-1.4457632|title=Michael Jackson sex abuse lawsuit dismissed|date=December 19, 2017|access-date=December 21, 2017|website=[[CBC.ca]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jackson cleared of child molestation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/jun/13/michaeljackson.michaeljacksontrial |website=The Guardian |agency=Associated Press |access-date=March 27, 2019 |date=June 13, 2005}}</ref> The documentary resulted in a backlash against Jackson and a reassessment of his legacy in some quarters, while other viewers dismissed it as one-sided, questioned its veracity and viewed it as unconvincing due to factual conflicts between the film and the [[1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson|1993]] and [[Trial of Michael Jackson|2005]] allegations against Jackson, and his acquittal at trial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-jackson-estate-leaving-neverland-response-20190126-story.html|title=Michael Jackson estate rips controversial 'Leaving Neverland' doc: 'It has always been about money'|last=Kennedy|first=Gerrick D.|website=latimes.com|access-date=2019-06-16|date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>
-In 2020, it was revealed that rape allegations were made against former [[Recording Academy]] President, [[Neil Portnow]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/former-recording-academy-chief-neil-221356974.html|title=Former Recording Academy Chief Neil Portnow Accused of Raping Female Recording Artist|website=yahoo.com}}</ref>
-====Removal of music====
-In November 2018, [[Cleveland]], Ohio radio station [[WDOK|WDOK ''Star 102'']] announced that it had removed the song "[[Baby, It's Cold Outside]]" from its playlist because listeners felt that the lyrics were inappropriate. The station's host commented that "in a world where #MeToo has finally given women the voice they deserve, the song has no place".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbc4i.com/news/state-news/-metoo-movement-causes-cleveland-radio-station-to-stop-playing-baby-its-cold-outside/1629116532|title=#MeToo movement causes Cleveland radio station to stop playing 'Baby It's Cold Outside'|date=November 30, 2018|access-date=December 4, 2018|publisher=NBC4i|agency=NBC4}}</ref> The streaming service [[Spotify]] removed music by [[XXXTentacion]] and [[R. Kelly]] from Spotify-owned playlists after allegations of "hateful conduct",<ref name="usatoday.com" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/biz/news/r-kelly-responds-to-spotifys-playlist-ban-on-his-music-1202806395/|title=R. Kelly Responds to Spotify's Playlist Ban on His Music|author=Variety Staff|date=2018-05-10|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> but later reversed course because the allegations against the artists were unproven.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/spotify-officially-scratches-hateful-conduct-policy/|title=Spotify officially scraps 'hateful conduct' policy|date=2018-06-01|website=Music Business Worldwide|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>
-=== Social justice and journalism ===
-Sarah Lyons wrote "Hands Off Pants On", in which she explained the importance of allowing an open space for victims of sexual assault in the work place to heal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fortado |first=Stephane |date=2018 |title=Workplace Sexual Abuse, Labor and the #MeToo Movement |journal=Labor Studies Journal |language=en |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=241–244 |doi=10.1177/0160449X18809431 |s2cid=150353533 |issn=0160-449X }}</ref> Sarah Jaffe analyzed the issues facing victims who follow through with police departments and the court system.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jaffe |first=Sarah |date=2018 |title=The Collective Power of #MeToo |journal=Dissent |language=en |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=80–87 |doi=10.1353/dss.2018.0031 |s2cid=150251664 |issn=1946-0910}}</ref>
-=== Military ===
-{{See also|Sexual assault in the United States military}}
-[[File:US Army SHARP Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault Prevention Poster.jpg|thumb|upright|Poster created by the [[U.S. Army]]'s [[Sexual Harassment/Assault Response & Prevention]]]]
-In the wake of #MeToo, #MeTooMilitary came to be used by service men and women who were sexually assaulted or harassed while in the military,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ozy.com/presidential-daily-brief/pdb-83365/military-matters-83375 |title=Female Veterans Join #MeTooMilitary Movement – January 19, 2018 |website=OZY |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070436/http://www.ozy.com/presidential-daily-brief/pdb-83365/military-matters-83375 |archive-date=January 20, 2018 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 19, 2018 }}</ref> appearing on social media in January 2018 the day after remarks by [[Oprah Winfrey]] at the [[Golden Globe Award]]s honoring female soldiers in the military "whose names we'll never know" who have suffered sexual assault and abuse to make things better for women today.<ref name=":45">{{cite web |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-01-18/women-veterans-want-their-voices-heard-metoo-movement |title=Women veterans want their voices heard in the #MeToo movement |website=Public Radio International |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118164343/https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-01-18/women-veterans-want-their-voices-heard-metoo-movement |archive-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref>
-A report from [[the Pentagon]] indicated that 15,000 members of the military reported being sexually assaulted in the year 2016 and only 1 out of 3 people assaulted actually made a report.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dod.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1168765/dod-releases-latest-military-sexual-assault-report/ |title=DoD Releases Latest Military Sexual Assault Report |website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|access-date=December 17, 2018}}</ref> [[Veteran]] Nichole Bowen-Crawford has said the rates have improved over the last decade, but the military still has a long way to go, and recommends that women veterans connect privately on social media to discuss sexual abuse in a safe environment.<ref name=":45" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2018-01-08/metoomilitary-protests-defense-department-sexual-assault-at-the-pentagon |title=#MeTooMilitary Protests Defense Department Sexual Assault at the Pentagon |website=US News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070450/https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2018-01-08/metoomilitary-protests-defense-department-sexual-assault-at-the-pentagon|archive-date=January 20, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref>
-There was a "#MeTooMilitary Stand Down" protest, organized by Service Women's Action Network, which gathered at [[Pentagon (USA)|the Pentagon]] on January 8, 2018. The protest was endorsed by the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]], who stated that current service members were welcome to attend as long as they did not wear their uniform.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180108-us-troops-gather-outside-pentagon-metoomilitary-protest |title=US troops stage #MeTooMilitary protest outside Pentagon |website=France24|date=8 January 2018|agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref><ref name=":46">{{cite web |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/01/08/vets-groups-bring-me-too-movement-pentagon.html |title=Vets Groups Bring '#Me Too' Movement to Pentagon |date=January 8, 2018 |website=Military.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070900/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/01/08/vets-groups-bring-me-too-movement-pentagon.html |archive-date=January 20, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thehill.com/policy/defense/overnights/367995-overnight-defense-pentagon-endorses-military-sexual-assault-protest |title=Overnight Defense: Pentagon endorses military sexual assault protest {{!}} $900M in security assistance to be withheld from Pakistan {{!}} House Foreign Affairs chair to retire|last=Kheel|first=Rebecca|date=January 8, 2018|website=TheHill|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070558/http://thehill.com/policy/defense/overnights/367995-overnight-defense-pentagon-endorses-military-sexual-assault-protest|archive-date=January 20, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> The protest supported the [[Military Justice Improvement Act]], sponsored by Senator [[Kirsten Gillibrand]], which would move "the decision over whether to prosecute serious [sex] crimes to independent, trained, professional military prosecutors, while leaving uniquely military crimes within the chain of command".<ref name=":46" />
-=== Pornography ===
-There have been discussions about how pornography is related to the emergence of the #MeToo movement, and what changes, if any, should be made to the porn industry in response.<ref name=":010">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/apr/07/me-too-anti-porn-conference-cosmopolitan-ban |title=The strange alliance between #MeToo and the anti-porn movement |last=Graves |first=Lucia |date=April 8, 2018 |website=The Guardian|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newsweek.com/danny-wylde-christopher-zeischegg-porn-814784 |title=This ex-porn star is calling on #MeToo to include sex workers |date=February 21, 2018 |work=Newsweek|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref> The deaths of five female porn actresses during the first three months of 2018 inspired demands that workers in the industry be included as part of the #MeToo movement.<ref name=":58">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43093080 |title=Porn stars call for respect after spate of deaths |last=Fabbri |first=Thomas |date=March 26, 2018 |work=BBC News|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> It has been pointed out that many women and men have been sexually assaulted on set.<ref name=":59">{{Cite news |url=https://mic.com/articles/186887/what-will-it-take-for-the-porn-industry-to-have-its-metoo-moment#.YPIF6SWdc |title=What will it take for the porn industry to have its #MeToo moment?|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref> Some high-profile pornographic performers have been accused of assault since the emergence of #MeToo, including [[James Deen]] and [[Ron Jeremy]].<ref name=":58"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/26/insider/reporting-the-porn-industry.html |title=What It's Like to Report About the Porn Industry |last=Syckle |first=Katie Van |date=March 26, 2018 |work=The New York Times|access-date=April 10, 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/porns-two-biggest-male-stars-stand-accused-of-serial-sexual-assault-wheres-the-outrage |title=Porn's Two Biggest Male Stars Stand Accused of Serial Sexual Assault. Where's the Outrage? |last=Snow |first=Aurora |date=October 31, 2017 |work=The Daily Beast|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref> The porn industry has overall been publicly supportive of #MeToo, with the topics of harassment and bodily autonomy being addressed at the 2018 [[AVN Award]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/how-women-tech-took-over-porn-inside-the-2018-avn-awards-w516485 |title=How Women and Tech Took Over Porn: Inside the 2018 AVN Awards |work=Rolling Stone|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref> There have been calls for the industry to police itself better in the wake of #MeToo.<ref name=":59" /> However, when gay actor Tegan Zayne accused fellow actor Topher DiMaggio of rape in a #MeToo post, and four other men came forward with their own allegations of sexual misconduct against DiMaggio, very little happened and there was no official investigation.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/tegan-zayne-gay-porn-rape-accusation_us_5a7b761ee4b08dfc92ffb740 |title=Here's What Happened When A Male Sex Worker Said, 'Me Too' |last=Wong |first=Curtis M. |date=February 16, 2018 |work=HuffPost|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref>
-Several groups of Christians, conservative women, and [[Radical feminism|radical feminists]] have argued that #MeToo demonstrates pornography causes women to be viewed as sexual objects and contributes to the prevalence of sexual harassment. As a result, these groups believe the production and consumption of pornography should be greatly restricted or made illegal.<ref name=":010"/>
-Other social advocates and feminists have responded by pointing out that attempts to suppress pornography in the U.S. have historically never been effective at reducing consumption. They note that porn consumption in the U.S. is currently at what is likely the highest levels in history, but overall levels of sexual violence and rape are far lower today than when the [[Anti-pornography movement in the United States|anti-pornography movement in the U.S.]] first emerged during the 1960s. Additionally, many feminists argue that laws which make pornography illegal only further restrict women as far what they are and are not allowed to do with their bodies.<ref name=":010"/>
-Many feminists have stated that pornography can be empowering or enjoyable for women and depicting female sexuality is not always objectification.<ref name=":010"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dailytrojan.com/2018/04/05/you-do-uterus-female-sexuality-isnt-always-objectification/ |title=You Do Uterus: Female sexuality isn't always objectification {{!}} Daily Trojan|date=April 5, 2018|work=Daily Trojan|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> Others point out that a lot of porn is made by women and for women.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.alternet.org/conservative-trying-use-metoo-movement-ban-pornography |title=This Conservative Is Trying to Use the #MeToo Movement to Ban Pornography |last=Fenwick |first=Cody |date=February 12, 2018 |work=AlterNet|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref> Award-winning porn actress and director [[Angela White]] says there is a "large positive shift within the industry" to more women directing and producing their own content and "to represent women as powerful sexual beings."<ref name=":58"/> Anti-porn activist [[Melissa Farley]] has said this ignores the "choicelessness" faced by many actresses in porn.<ref name=":010"/> Liberal advocates argue that anti-pornography movements in the U.S. have historically never tried to increase choices for vulnerable adult performers, and taking away a person's right to act in porn may hurt them economically by reducing their choices. Many adult performers have stated that the social stigma surrounding their type of work is already a major barrier when they're seeking help, and making porn illegal would leave them few options if they are suffering from sexual abuse.<ref name=":58"/>
-As a result of #MeToo, many adult performers, sex worker advocates and feminists have called for greater protections for pornographic actresses, for example reducing social stigmas, mandating training courses that teach performers their rights, and providing access to independent hotlines where performers can report abuse. They argue that making porn illegal would only cause the production of porn to go underground where there are even fewer options for help. Some liberal activists have argued to compromise by raising the legal age of entry into adult entertainment from 18 to 21, which would prevent some of the most vulnerable women from being taken advantage of, while allowing adult women to still do what they want with their own bodies.<ref name=":58"/>
-Some have pointed out that many young people who do not receive a sex education adopt ideas about sex and sexual roles from pornography, whose fantasy depictions of those behaviors are not accurate to life, as they are designed for purposes of adult entertainment, and not educating the public on the reality of sexual behavior.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/07/magazine/teenagers-learning-online-porn-literacy-sex-education.html |title=What Teenagers Are Learning From Online Porn |date=February 7, 2018 |work=The New York Times|access-date=April 10, 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Some areas of the United States teach [[Birth control|birth-control]] methods only by [[abstinence]] from sex. In a 2015 article for the ''[[American Journal of Nursing]]'' David Carter noted that a study found that abstinence-based education was "correlated with increases in teenage pregnancies and births". Multiple people have voiced support for comprehensive [[sex education]] programs that encompass a wide range topics, which they state leave children more informed.<ref name=":66">{{Cite journal |last=Carter |first=David |date=March 2012 |title=Comprehensive Sex Education for Teens Is More Effective than Abstinence |journal=American Journal of Nursing |volume=112 |issue=3 |page=15 |doi=10.1097/01.naj.0000412622.87884.a3 |pmid=22373675 |issn=0002-936X}}</ref> Several feminists have argued it is crucial to provide children with basic sex education before they are inevitably exposed to porn. Sex education can also effectively prepare children to identify and say no to unwanted sexual contact before it occurs, and gives parents an opportunity to teach children about consent.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/03/23/sex-ed-metoo-era-consent-parents/419690002/ |title=Sex ed: Many parents wouldn't recognize it today – and #metoo may change it even more |work=USA Today|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Animal advocacy ===
-The #MeToo movement has had an impact on the field of animal advocacy. For instance, on January 30, 2018, Politico published an article titled, "Female Employees Allege Culture of Sexual Harassment at Humane Society: Two senior officials, including the CEO, have been investigated for incidents dating back over a decade."<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web|url=http://politi.co/2nswDIv|title=Female Employees Allege Culture of Sexual Harassment at Humane Society|last=Kullgren|first=Ian|website=POLITICO Magazine|language=en|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> The article concerned allegations against then-Humane Society of the United States CEO Wayne Pacelle and animal protection activist Paul Shapiro.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Mr. Pacelle soon resigned.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/02/us/humane-society-ceo-sexual-harassment-.html|title=Humane Society C.E.O. Resigns Amid Sexual Harassment Allegations|last1=Bosman|first1=Julie|date=2018-02-02|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-01-20|last2=Stevens|first2=Matt|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Bromwich|first3=Jonah Engel}}</ref> Mr. Shapiro also soon left the Humane Society of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/a/sexual-harassment-assault-allegations-list/paul-shapiro|title=Paul Shapiro, former Humane Society VP, sexual misconduct allegations|last=North|first=Anna|date=2017-12-22|website=Vox.com|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> Both men have nonetheless continued to hold leadership positions either in, or adjacent to, the animal protection movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2018/08/22/Better-Meat-Co-to-debut-plant-based-proteins-that-blend-seamlessly-into-ground-meat-products|title=How do you make meat better? Add plants, says The Better Meat Co...|last=foodnavigator-usa.com|website=foodnavigator-usa.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/pacelle-wayne/52313|title=Wayne Pacelle - Biography & Interviews|website=Coast to Coast AM|language=en|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
-=== Astronomy ===
-The #astroSH Twitter tag was used to discuss sexual harassment in the field of Astronomy, and several scientists and professors resigned or were fired.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/01/15/what-all-the-harassment-stories-in-astronomy-really-mean/ |title=What All The Harassment Stories in Astronomy Really Mean |first=Ethan |last=Siegel |website=Forbes |access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/15/science/stories-spill-out-as-spotlight-is-shined-on-sexism-in-astronomy.html |title=Stories Spill Out as Spotlight Is Shined on Sexism in Astronomy |first=Karen |last=Workman |date=January 14, 2016 |access-date=January 20, 2019 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://mashable.com/2016/01/15/harassment-astronomy-social-media/ |title=Women in space science reveal troubling stories of harassment using this hashtag |first=Miriam |last=Kramer |website=Mashable |access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2016/astronomy-sexual-harassment-hashtag/ |title=Women in astronomy use #astroSH hashtag to share stories of sexual harassment |date=January 15, 2016 |website=GeekWire |access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref>
-==Financial support==
-In May 2018, The New York Women's Foundation announced their Fund to Support the Me Too Movement and Allies, a $25M commitment over the next five years to provide funding and support survivors of sexual violence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/c07113f1a73047a589eedd1ef936fecb |title=Women's foundation launches fund to support MeToo movement |first=Jocelyn |last=Noveck |date=May 10, 2018 |website=AP NEWS}}</ref>
-In September 2018, CBS announced that it would be donating $20&nbsp;million of former Chairman Les Moonves' severance to #MeToo. Moonves was forced to step down after numerous sexual misconduct accusations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tom McCarthy |title=Les Moonves resigns from CBS after six more women accuse him of sexual harassment |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/sep/09/les-moonves-cbs-accused-of-sexual-misconduct-new-ronan-farrow-report |access-date=September 10, 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=September 10, 2018 |quote=Moonves and CBS will donate $20m to one or more organisations that support the #MeToo movement and equality for women in the workplace. This donation will be deducted from any severance benefits that may be due Moonves following the investigation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Les Moonves resigns from CBS after sexual misconduct allegations |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45467975 |access-date=September 10, 2018 |publisher=BBC |date=September 10, 2018 |quote=CBS said the company and Mr Moonves would donate $20m (£15.4m) to groups supporting the #MeToo movement.}}</ref>
-==International response==
-The hashtag has trended in at least 85 countries,<ref name="Strum">{{cite web |last1=Strum |first1=Laura |title=Twitter chat: What #MeToo says about sexual abuse in society |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/twitter-chat-what-metoo-says-about-sexual-abuse-in-society |website=PBS NewsHour |access-date=October 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026053947/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/twitter-chat-what-metoo-says-about-sexual-abuse-in-society |archive-date=October 26, 2017|date=October 25, 2017 }}</ref> including India, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. Direct translations of #MeToo have been shared by Spanish speakers in South America and Europe and by [[Arabic]] speakers in Africa and the Middle East, while activists in France and Italy have developed hashtags to express the attitudes of the movement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.womensafe.net/home/images/advocate/sp18.pdf |title=The Advocate |last=Dennis |first=Anna |date=Spring 2018 |website=womensafe.net}}</ref> Communicating similar experiences and "sharing feelings in some form of togetherness" connects people and can lead to "formation of a process of collective action" (Castells).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.diggitmagazine.com/academic-papers/language-digital-activism-exploring-performative-functions-metoo-tweets |title=Language in digital activism: exploring the performative functions of #MeToo Tweets |date=June 29, 2018 |work=Diggit Magazine|access-date=November 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>Castells, M. (2015). ''Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age''. John Wiley & Sons.</ref> The campaign has prompted survivors from around the world to share their stories, and name their perpetrators. The [[European Parliament]] convened a session directly in response to the Me Too campaign, after it gave rise to allegations of abuse in Parliament and in the [[European Union]]'s offices in [[Brussels]]. [[Cecilia Malmström]], the European Commissioner for Trade, specifically cited the hashtag as the reason the meeting had been convened.<ref name="Schreuer">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/25/world/europe/european-parliament-weinstein-harassment.html |title=A #MeToo Moment for the European Parliament |last1=Schreuer |first1=Milan |date=October 25, 2017 |website=The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206195621/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/25/world/europe/european-parliament-weinstein-harassment.html?_r=0 |archive-date=December 6, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref>
-=== Afghanistan ===
-The #MeToo hashtag initially spread in [[Afghanistan]] where it is estimated about 90% of women experience sexual harassment in public, at school, or at work, but was quickly silenced when those who shared their stories started fearing for their life.<ref name=":04">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/12/20/metoo-afghanistan-anyone-listening |title=#MeToo in Afghanistan: Is Anyone Listening? |date=December 20, 2017 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=January 19, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101743/https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/12/20/metoo-afghanistan-anyone-listening |archive-date=December 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":111">{{cite web |url=https://impact.vice.com/en_us/article/qvwmz5/why-the-metoo-movement-has-failed-to-take-off-in-afghanistan |title=Women in Afghanistan Want Their #MeToo Moment, But Fear Retaliation |date=January 17, 2018 |website=Impact |access-date=January 19, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150256/https://impact.vice.com/en_us/article/qvwmz5/why-the-metoo-movement-has-failed-to-take-off-in-afghanistan |archive-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> Less than 1% of police officers or military members are women, and sexual assault is often ignored by law enforcement and the military.<ref name=":211">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/10/world/asia/afghan-metoo-women-harassment.html |title=Harassment All Around, Afghan Women Weigh Risks of Speaking Out |last1=Nordland |first1=Rod |date=December 10, 2017 |website=The New York Times |access-date=January 19, 2018 |last2=Faizi |first2=Fatima |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120124044/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/10/world/asia/afghan-metoo-women-harassment.html |archive-date=January 20, 2018}}</ref> Rape threats and other types of harassment are common on Facebook and other social media in Afghanistan. Sharing stories of sexual abuse against higher-ranking men is especially dangerous for women in the country, and may result in the killing of the victim or her family members.<ref name=":111" /> Some women are also punished or killed to by their own family for speaking out, to [[Honor killing|redeem their "honor"]] after being tarnished by rape.<ref name=":111" /> Despite the risks, some notable people such as ''Sarienews'' journalist Maryam Mehtar, and presidential advisor Shaharzad Akbar have shared their own #MeToo stories on social media. Mehtar experienced extreme abuse and several death threats for sharing her story about being sexually harassed in public daily, and was publicly called a "whore" in an interview with ''The New York Times'' by Afghan writer Jalil Junbish. He also called the NYT reporter a whore in the same interview. He later denied making the comments.<ref name=":211" /> Other women only share their first name or a fake name, and typically describe the story without naming the perpetrator to avoid reprisal.<ref name=":211" /> Sexual harassment was first defined in Afghanistan in 2016, though there has been little effort made to enforce laws against it.<ref name=":04" /> Rod Nordland and Fatima Faizi of ''The New York Times'' reported that a colonel in the [[Afghan Air Force]] was secretly and clearly videotaped sexually assaulting a subordinate in November 2017, and the video quickly went viral, but despite an alleged investigation, the colonel has not been formally accused of misconduct.<ref name=":211" /> The Ministries of [[Ministry of Interior Affairs (Afghanistan)|Interior]] and [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Afghanistan)|Communications]] set up a phone hotline for women to call to report sexual misconduct from law enforcement officials, but a call to the line revealed the hotline will offer advice only about phone harassment, and stated if a person harasses you in person, to "slap them".<ref name=":211" />
-===Australia===
-In October 2017 reporter and journalist [[Tracey Spicer]] announced on Twitter that she was launching an investigation into reports of sexual harassment by powerful Australian men in the media in the wake of the [[Harvey Weinstein]] sexual abuse allegations and the rise in public awareness of the #MeToo movement. Earlier that same year, Spicer had released a memoir, ''The Good Girl Stripped Bare'', where she wrote about her own experiences of sexual harassment in the work place.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.vice.com/en_nz/article/a37znj/tracey-spicer-to-unveil-decades-of-sexual-assault-in-australian-media |title=Tracey Spicer To Unveil Decades of Sexual Assault in Australian Media |date=October 20, 2017 |work=Vice|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref> Spicer later reported that she had received responses from 470 people about people in the industry, including Australian television presenter and producer [[Don Burke]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-27/don-burke-accused-of-sexual-harassment-indecent-assault/9188070 |title='He was trying to take my top off': Don Burke accused of sexual harassment |date=November 27, 2017 |publisher=ABC News|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref> The extent of the claims against Burke were published by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and The Sydney Morning Herald in a joint investigative piece on November 26, 2017, where it was reported that "One name kept recurring – Don Burke."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/the-australian-media-industry-operates-a-protection-racket-for-men-like-don-burke-20171127-gztgu3.html |title=The Australian media industry operates a protection racket for men like Don Burke |last=Spicer |first=Tracey |date=November 27, 2017 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/a-highgrade-twisted-abuser-don-burke-a-sexual-harasser-and-bully-claims-series-of-women-20171126-gzt6d2.html |title='A high-grade, twisted abuser': Don Burke a sexual harasser and bully, claims series of women |last=McClymont |first=Kate |date=November 26, 2017 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref> Spicer, along with Kate McClymont, Lorna Knowles and Alison Branley, won the 2018 Walkley Awards in the print/text journalism and Television/Video Current Affairs Short (less than 20 minutes) categories for their investigation and on Australia Day in 2018, Spicer was appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia "for significant service to the broadcast media as a journalist and television presenter, and as an ambassador for social welfare and charitable groups".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.walkleys.com/awards/walkleys/award-winners-2018/ |title=Award Winners |publisher=The Walkley Foundation |access-date=November 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123023104/http://www.walkleys.com/awards/walkleys/award-winners-2018/ |archive-date=November 23, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/jan/26/journalist-tracey-spicer-humbled-by-australia-day-honour |title=Journalist Tracey Spicer 'humbled' by Australia Day honour |last=Davidson |first=Helen |date=January 25, 2018 |website=The Guardian|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref> Later that same year, Spicer and Melinda Schneider launched NOW Australia, a campaign aimed at helping connect people with legal support and counselling.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/25/tracey-spicer-launches-now-australia-campaign-as-tina-arena-joins-accusers |title=Tracey Spicer launches Now Australia campaign as Tina Arena joins accusers |last=Harmon |first=Steph |date=March 25, 2018 |website=The Guardian|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref>
-Since then the #MeToo movement has now expanded beyond Australian media and the [[Australian Human Rights Commission]] has launched an independent search into workplace sexual harassment that is the first of its kind in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-08-03/how-metoo-australian-media-has-spread-other-industries |title=How #MeToo in the Australian media has spread to other industries |work=Public Radio International|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref>
-It has been hypothesised by ''The Age'' that Australia's strict defamation laws make it difficult for more victims to come forward.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/facing-the-particular-challenge-of-metoo-in-australia-20171215-h05ctp.html |work=The Age |title=Facing the particular challenge of metoo in Australia |access-date=March 13, 2018|date=December 15, 2017 }}</ref> [[Yael Stone]] made an accusation against [[Geoffrey Rush]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/16/opinion/metoo-defamation-geoffrey-rush-yael-stone.html |title=Opinion {{!}} The Cost of Telling a #MeToo Story in Australia|last=Weiss|first=Bari|date=2018-12-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-06-07|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://reason.com/2018/12/17/yael-stone-geoffrey-rush-me-too-sex/ |title=You Can't Have #MeToo Without Free Speech. Just Ask Australians. |date=2018-12-17 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-07}}</ref> who then successfully sued her for defamation; this may have a chilling effect on the #MeToo movement due to the lack of protection for [[freedom of speech]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://theconversation.com/geoffrey-rushs-victory-in-his-defamation-case-could-have-a-chilling-effect-on-the-metoo-movement-115127 |title=Geoffrey Rush's victory in his defamation case could have a chilling effect on the #MeToo movement |last=O'Connell |first=Karen |website=The Conversation |language=en|access-date=2019-06-07}}</ref>
-The #MeToo movement was announced the winner of the 2019 [[Sydney Peace Prize]]. The award will be presented to [[Tarana Burke]] and [[Tracey Spicer]] on November 14, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/01/tarana-burke-and-tracey-spicer-win-sydney-peace-prize-for-metoo-work |title=Tarana Burke and Tracey Spicer win Sydney Peace prize for #MeToo work |last=Martin |first=Lisa |date=2019-04-30 |work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-04-30 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
-=== Belgium ===
-On November 9th of 2017, [[Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie|The Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie]] stopped all collaboration with [[Bart De Pauw]], a Belgian TV producer, after several complains and allegations of sexual intimidation were filed against him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2017/11/09/vrt-zet-samenwerking-met-presentator-bart-de-pauw-stop-/|title=VRT zet samenwerking met presentator Bart De Pauw stop|first=VRT|last=NWS|date=November 9, 2017|website=vrtnws.be}}</ref> The TV producer is facing charges of stalking women and electronic nuisance behaviour. The trial will start on January 14th 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2020/09/08/flemish-celeb-bart-de-pauw-to-face-stalking-charges/|title=Flemish celeb Bart De Pauw to face stalking charges|first=Flanders|last=News|date=September 8, 2020|website=vrtnws.be}}</ref>
-In May 2019, [[Death of Julie Van Espen|Julie Van Espen]] was the victim of a homicide in [[Antwerp]]. Her death has led to political protests against sexual violence. That month, over 15,000 people walked a 'silent march' in Antwerp for Van Espen. The [[hashtags]] '#enough', '#MeToo' and '#JulieVanEspen' were used by people on social media to command attention to the case, to raise awareness on sexual violence, and to address that the suspect of her murder had been convicted of rape twice before.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190509135557/http://brusselstimes.com/belgium/justice/15385/murder-julie-van-espen-suspect-already-convicted-released-rape-sexual-assault Antwerpen rouwt en protesteert met stille tocht voor vermoorde Julie (23)]. AD (May 12, 2019). Retrieved on May 13, 2019.</ref>
-=== Canada ===
-[[File:Éric Salvail.png|thumb|upright|Éric Salvail, accused of sexual harassment]]
-In French-speaking parts of Canada, the campaign is done under the hashtag {{lang|fr|#MoiAussi}}.<ref name="Etehad">{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-global-me-too-20171018-story.html |title=A global primal scream: #MeToo (#YoTambien #QuellaVoltaChe #גםאנחנו أنا_كمان#) |last1=Etehad |first1=Melissa |date=October 18, 2017 |website=Los Angeles Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019053548/http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-global-me-too-20171018-story.html |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref> A minister of Quebec, {{lang|fr|[[Hélène David]]|italic=no}}, said she believed a global movement was in the works and we should salute this change.<ref name=":38">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/gilbert-rozon-just-for-laughs-allegations-1.4361717 |title=Just For Laughs restructures after founder accused of sexual assault |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=January 19, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027072821/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/gilbert-rozon-just-for-laughs-allegations-1.4361717 |archive-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> It was reported that calls to rape and women's crisis centers have increased dramatically, up to 553% above normal levels,<ref name=":39">{{cite web |url=http://information.tv5monde.com/terriennes/avis-de-tempete-metoo-moiaussi-deferlent-sur-le-quebec-206587 |title=Avis de tempête : #MeToo #MoiAussi déferlent sur le Québec |date=November 30, 2017 |website=TV5MONDE|access-date=January 19, 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> since {{lang|fr|#MoiAussi}} started trending in October 2017, causing problems with staffing and budgeting.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1062778/campagne-metoo-moiaussi-harcelement-sexuel-agression-violence-femmes |title=#MoiAussi : le nombre d'appels à l'aide a doublé en Ontario |last=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca |first=Zone Société - |publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada |language=fr-ca |access-date=January 19, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119234952/http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1062778/campagne-metoo-moiaussi-harcelement-sexuel-agression-violence-femmes |archive-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> [[Quebec]] has contributed $1&nbsp;million to help support these crisis hotlines.<ref name=":39" /> Hundreds of people marched to promote {{lang|fr|#MoiAussi}} at an event in [[Toronto]] in December 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.journaldemontreal.com/2017/12/02/moiaussi-des-centaines-de-personnes-manifestent-a-toronto |title=#MoiAussi: des centaines de personnes manifestent à Toronto |last=QMI |first=Agence |website=Le Journal de Montréal|access-date=January 19, 2018 |language=fr-CA}}</ref> In the wake of {{lang|fr|#MoiAussi}}, a candidate for mayor of {{lang|fr|Plateau-Mont-Royal|italic=no}} dropped out of the race in response to allegations of sexual misconduct from several women.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/michel-brule-election-allegations-1.4366845 |title=Plateau-Mont-Royal mayoral candidate drops out amid sexual harassment allegations |publisher=CBC News |access-date=January 19, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023194442/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/michel-brule-election-allegations-1.4366845 |archive-date=October 23, 2017}}</ref> Montreal police set up a phone hotline for people who have been raped or harassed to call.<ref name=":38" /> Radio and TV presenter {{lang|fr|[[Éric Salvail]]|italic=no}} was accused by 11 people of either being sexually harassed, or witnessing harassment from {{lang|fr|Salvail|italic=no}}.<ref name=":38" /> He lost several endorsements and was suspended from most projects he was involved with.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/eric-salvail-harassment-allegations-1.4360928 |title=Quebec media star Éric Salvail suspended following sexual misconduct allegations |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=January 19, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106005812/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/eric-salvail-harassment-allegations-1.4360928 |archive-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> Humorist {{lang|fr|[[Gilbert Rozon]]|italic=no}} resigned from all his positions and tried to sell his company in the wake of several sexual misconduct allegations, including one from producer {{lang|fr|[[Julie Snyder]]|italic=no}}, a class action lawsuit from several women, and a sexual assault report filed with the police.
-A newly popular hashtag, {{lang|fr|#EtMaintenant}} (#AndNow or Now What?) has started spreading as the "second part" to {{lang|fr|#MoiAussi}} to discuss what to do now that the magnitude of the problem with sexual misconduct in the workplace has been exposed. {{lang|fr|#EtMaintenant}} is represented by a yellow heart. It was unveiled on the show {{lang|fr|[[Tout le monde en parle (Quebec)|Tout le monde en parle]]|italic=yes}} in January 2018, with the stated purpose of determining which attitudes related to society, politics, institutions, and media need to be changed to ensure equity between all people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2018/01/14/apres-moiaussi-etmaintenant_a_23333272/ |title=Après #MoiAussi, #EtMaintenant |date=January 14, 2018 |website=Huffington Post Québec |access-date=January 19, 2018 |language=fr-CA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120447/http://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2018/01/14/apres-moiaussi-etmaintenant_a_23333272/ |archive-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref>
-Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] has been a vocal advocate and supporter of the #MeToo movement. In a speech at the [[World Economic Forum]] in January 2018, Trudeau called for critical discussion on issues brought up by the #MeToo, [[Time's Up (movement)|Time's Up]], and Women's March movements.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/pm-keynote-remarks-for-world-economic-forum-2018/ |title=Justin Trudeau's Davos address in full |website=World Economic Forum|access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref> Trudeau has also advocated and acted upon a high standard set for himself and members of his government. Trudeau stated that he holds a "zero tolerance for sexual assault, harassment or other forms of misconduct by his employees or caucus colleagues".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/01/17/change-in-canadian-society-on-sexual-harassment-not-fast-enough-trudeau-says.html |title=Change in Canadian society on sexual harassment 'not fast enough,' Trudeau says {{!}} The Star|work=Toronto Star|access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref> As leader of the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] party, Trudeau initiated investigations on several members of parliament resulting in the dismissal of cabinet minister [[Kent Hehr]], the resignation of MP [[Darshan Kang]], and the suspension and later expulsion of MPs [[Scott Andrews (politician)|Scott Andrews]] and [[Massimo Pacetti]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-hehr-sexual-allegations-1.4510371 |title=Trudeau says Liberals 'doing the best that we can' amid sexual harassment allegations {{!}} CBC News|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref> In an interview, Trudeau explained that the zero tolerance standard applied to himself as well and stated, "I've been very, very careful all my life to be thoughtful, to be respectful of people's space and people's headspace as well."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-careful-metoo-1.4511093 |title=Trudeau says zero tolerance on misconduct toward women applies to him as well {{!}} CBC News|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref>
-However, an editorial written in August 2000 resurfaced during his premiership regarding an alleged incident where an author accused Trudeau of groping a reporter and in July 2018 Trudeau publicly rejected the accusations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/02/justin-trudeau-denies-groping-reporter-music-festival-2000-british-columbia |title=Justin Trudeau 'does not remember' groping reporter at festival |last=Kassam |first=Ashifa |date=July 2, 2018|access-date=July 3, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/02/justin-trudeau-responds-to-groping-allegations-i-dont-remember-any-negative-interactions/?noredirect=on |title=Justin Trudeau responds to groping allegations: 'I don't remember any negative interactions' |last=Tan |first=Rebecca |date=July 2, 2018|access-date=July 3, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The piece stated Trudeau provided a "day-late" apology to the reporter, saying, "If I had known you were reporting for a national paper, I never would have been so forward."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4309277/justin-trudeau-reporter-grope/ |title=COMMENTARY: The facts about what Justin Trudeau can't remember |work=Global News|access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref> On July 6 Trudeau stated there was no need to investigate the allegations against him.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/don-t-investigate-groping-allegation-from-2000-trudeau-says-1.4002639 |title=Don't investigate groping allegation from 2000, Trudeau says |first=Chris |last=Herhalt |date=July 6, 2018 |website=Cp24.com}}</ref>
-=== Chile ===
-In April–June 2018, [[Feminism in Chile#2018 feminist wave|female students]] marched around Chile and occupied universities to protest sexual harassment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/education/article/A-Me-Too-movement-shakes-Chilean-universities-13033931.php |title=A 'Me Too' movement shakes Chilean universities |first=Eva |last=Vergara |date=June 28, 2018 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> Multiple actresses levelled accusations of Weinstein-like behaviour at [[telenovela]] director Herval Abreu in April and film director [[Nicolás López (director)|Nicolás López]] in June; both men have denied any wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnnchile.com/cultura/las-ofertas-laborales-del-socio-de-nicolas-lopez-tras-estallar-el-escandalo-de-herval-abreu_20180630/ |title=Las ofertas laborales del socio de Nicolás López tras estallar el escándalo de Herval Abreu |date=June 30, 2018 |via=cnnchile.com}}</ref>
-=== China ===
-On Chinese social networks, hashtags #WoYeShi or #metoo are sometimes used to denote the #Metoo hashtag. ''Mi tu'' pronounced in Mandarin, meaning "rice bunny", is also used with a hashtag of #RiceBunny.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/61903744-9540-11e8-b67b-b8205561c3fe |title=China’s ‘MeToo’ movement evades censors with #RiceBunny |website=Financial Times}}</ref>
-In mainland China, the [[Internet censorship in China|Chinese internet censorship service]] has slowed down the Chinese MeToo posts via censorship.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Javier C. |last1=Hernandez |first2=Zoe |last2=Mou |date=January 23, 2018 |title='Me Too,' Chinese Women Say. Not So Fast, Say the Censors |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/world/asia/china-women-me-too-censorship.html?smid=tw-share |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201120419/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/world/asia/china-women-me-too-censorship.html?smid=tw-share |archive-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> So far, the #MeToo debate appears to be limited to universities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-universities-face-a-metoo-moment-1524394801 |title=#MeToo Meets China's Censors and Students Learn a Tough Lesson |first=Te-Ping |last=Chen |date=April 23, 2018 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
-An article appearing on the state-run ''[[China Daily]]'' newspaper states that sexual misconduct is rare in China due to superior education and culture has caused considerable Internet outrages.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/17/anger-as-chinese-media-claim-harassment-is-just-a-western-problem |title=Anger as Chinese media claim harassment is just a western problem |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108130241/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/17/anger-as-chinese-media-claim-harassment-is-just-a-western-problem |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian|date=October 17, 2017 |last1=Haas |first1=Benjamin }}</ref>
-A recent study from a pair of professors from [[City University of Hong Kong]] indicated that about 80% of working women in China have experienced sexual harassment at some point in their career,<ref name=":29">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/09/china-women-break-silence-harassment-metoo-woyeshi |title=China's women break silence on harassment as #MeToo becomes #WoYeShi |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=January 9, 2018 |website=The Guardian |access-date=January 9, 2018 |issn=0261-3077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109041631/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/09/china-women-break-silence-harassment-metoo-woyeshi |archive-date=January 9, 2018}}</ref> and there were strong reactions of anger online following the report. The article has since been taken down.<ref name=":31">{{cite web |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/10/25/china-refuses-to-admit-it-has-a-rape-problem-i-would-know/ |title=China Refuses to Admit It Has a Rape Problem. I Would Know |website=Foreign Policy |access-date=January 9, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106193305/http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/10/25/china-refuses-to-admit-it-has-a-rape-problem-i-would-know/ |archive-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> Activist Feng Yuan points out that China does not have national laws prohibiting sexual harassment, and uses state media to encourage women to focus on family and stay home. New laws recently made it illegal for television programming to contain images of a women's [[Cleavage (breasts)|cleavage]], sexual acts outside of marriage, or any topics that present "Western lifestyles" in a positive light. #MeToo has received extreme governmental censorship online.<ref name=":302" /><ref name=":31" />
-Sophie Richardson, the [[Human Rights Watch]] director for China, stated the Chinese government regularly suppresses discussion of women's rights, for example an incident in 2015 where [[Li Tingting]] and four other activists were arrested when the government learned they planned to hand out stickers about preventing sexual harassment on public transportation.<ref name=":31" />
-In Hong Kong, track and field athlete Vera Lui Lai-Yiu posted her case of sex abuse alongside #metoo on her Facebook fanpage on her 23rd birthday. She posted in response to a similar action by gymnast [[McKayla Maroney]]. Lui posted a picture of herself holding a piece of paper with the handwritten words "#metoo lly" (her initials).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/laiyiului/photos/rpp.1084620708226476/1613101928711682/?type=3&theater |script-title=zh:我被我的前教練性侵犯 |date=November 30, 2017 |website=Facebook |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206195621/https://www.facebook.com/laiyiului/photos/rpp.1084620708226476/1613101928711682/?type=3&theater |archive-date=December 6, 2017 |url-status=live}}{{Primary source inline|date=February 2018}}{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20171130/57522123 |script-title=zh:香港體育界驚爆性侵 「欄后」呂麗瑤生日FB勇敢指控前教練 |date=November 30, 2017 |website=Apple Daily Hong Kong |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032439/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20171130/57522123 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/hong-kong-athlete-says-coach-abused-her-as-teen/article/508811 |title=Hong Kong athlete says coach abused her as teen |date=November 30, 2017 |website=Digital Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041229/http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/hong-kong-athlete-says-coach-abused-her-as-teen/article/508811 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2122203/coach-sexually-assaulted-her-when-she-was-13-hong-kong |title=Police to investigate after Hong Kong hurdler Vera Lui says coach sexually assaulted her when she was 13 |date=November 30, 2017 |website=South China Morning Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130025628/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2122203/coach-sexually-assaulted-her-when-she-was-13-hong-kong |archive-date=November 30, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news.php?id=100313&sid=4 |title=Hurdler Vera Lui claims sexual assault by coach in teenage years |date=November 30, 2017 |website=the Standard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041033/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news.php?id=100313&sid=4 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2018, student Zheng Xi publicly started a campaign against sexual harassment in response to #MeToo.<ref name=":29" />
-Dr. Luo Xixi, an academic, revealed being sexually assaulted by a professor at [[Beihang University]] when she was in her 20s. Luo gathered extensive evidence from many women, including recordings, and presented it to the institution. She waited until the professor was already suspended before going public with the story. Her post was viewed over 3&nbsp;million times within 24 hours. She said that #metoo gave her the courage to speak up. She is currently living in the US.<ref name=":302"/>
-Zhou Xiaoxuan, a 25-year-old screenwriter in Beijing, stated that the [[China Central Television]] host and anchor [[Zhu Jun (host)|Zhu Jun]] assaulted her in his dressing room while she was an intern of his in 2014. When she went to the police, she was urged her to drop her report, telling her that her parents, who both work for government institutions, could lose their jobs. So for years, Ms. Zhou kept what had happened a secret, only known by herself, her parents, and some close friends. That was until one day, where she saw a "#MeToo" post, and decided to share her own story. Her intentions were to share with her friends that this happens to people close to themselves, but instead her post was shared rapidly over the Chinese internet, until the Chinese government intervened and banned state-run media from covering the story.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/04/world/asia/china-zhou-xiaoxuan-metoo.html |title=Sheâ€™s on a #MeToo Mission in China, Battling Censors and Lawsuits |first=Javier C. |last=HernÃ¡ndez |date=January 4, 2019 |access-date=January 20, 2019 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Zhou has sued Zhu, who has countersued.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/02/china-metoo-movement-gets-its-moment-in-court-as-sexual-harassment-case-begins China's #MeToo movement gets moment in court as harassment case begins] The Guardian, 2020</ref>
-[[Yue Xin (activist)|Yue Xin]], an undergraduate of [[Peking University]] in Beijing, led a campaign to uncover information regarding the alleged assault and subsequent suicide of Gao Yan, a student who was allegedly assaulted by former professor Shang Yang.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/metoo-movement-china-powerful-fragile-181022082126244.html |title=#MeToo movement in China: Powerful yet fragile |last=Zhou |first=Weile |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Peking University took measures to attempt to dissuade Yue from pursuing her investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/24/student-says-peking-university-trying-to-silence-her-over-claim-petition |title=Student says Peking University trying to silence her over rape claim petition |last=Kuo |first=Lily |date=April 24, 2018 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/world/asia/china-metoo-peking-university.html|title=Students Defiant as Chinese University Warns #MeToo Activist|first1=Javier C.|last1=Hernández|first2=Iris|last2=Zhao|date=April 24, 2018|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> Yue Xin would eventually participate in the [[Jasic Incident]].
-The Me Too movement has been blowing up in China and the women in China have been trying to fight off the sexual abuse and harassment over the internet which is controlled by the Communist in China. In India, a group of females came together and talked about the pain ans horrors they've been through with different relationships such as boyfriends, classmates, friends, professors, colleagues, etc.
-=== Denmark ===
-In September 2020, a letter addressed to [[Sofie Linde]], signed by 700 women, stated that she was not the only person being sexually harassed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54246009|title=Denmark confronts sexual harassment at work in #MeToo moment|date=2020-10-18|publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> Over the following months, debate eventually resulted in the Lord Mayor of Copenhagen, [[Frank Jensen]], admitting that he had sexually harassed women over a span of about 30 years. He resigned one day later.<ref name=copenhagen>{{cite web|publisher=[[The Local]]|url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20201019/metoo-in-denmark-copenhagen-mayor-resigns-over-sexual-harassment-scandals|date=2020-10-19|title=Copenhagen mayor resigns over sexual harassment scandals}}</ref> The head of the [[Danish Social Liberal Party]], [[Morten Østergaard]], also resigned.<ref name=resignDR>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/politik/morten-oestergaard-traekker-sig-efter-sag-om-kraenkelser |title=Morten Østergaard trækker sig efter sag om krænkelser|date=7 October 2020 |website=dr.dk |publisher=[[Danmarks Radio]]|first1=Nikoline |last1= Vestergaard|first2= Line |last2=Jenvall|first3=Anders|last3=Byskov Svendsen|first4=Søren|last4=Larsen|first5=Rasmus|last5=Lindegård Hansen |access-date=7 October 2020|language=da}}</ref>
-=== Egypt ===
-The #MeToo movement in Egypt was instigated by the social media campaign of student [[Nadeen Ashraf]], who was compelled to create the account "Assault Police" to enable women in Egypt to have a public platform to call out their abusers anonymously.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Walsh|first=Declan|date=2020-10-02|title=The 22-Year-Old Force Behind Egypt’s Growing #MeToo Movement|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/02/world/middleeast/egypt-metoo-sexual-harassment-ashraf.html|access-date=2021-01-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-=== Ethiopia ===
-Alyssa Milano specifically called for supporting the victims in Ethiopia in an interview with ''[[Rolling Stone]]''.<ref name=":272" /> In Ethiopia, up to 40% of students may have experienced sexual violence.<ref name=":40">{{cite web |url=https://unicefethiopia.org/2017/11/02/in-ethiopia-girls-bravely-speak-up-against-sexually-abusive-teacher-as-me-too-campaign-kicks-off-worldwide/ |title=In Ethiopia, Girls Bravely Speak Up Against Sexually Abusive Teacher, as "Me Too" campaign kicks off worldwide |date=November 2, 2017 |website=UNICEF Ethiopia |access-date=January 19, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119234945/https://unicefethiopia.org/2017/11/02/in-ethiopia-girls-bravely-speak-up-against-sexually-abusive-teacher-as-me-too-campaign-kicks-off-worldwide/ |archive-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> In November 2017, nine middle-school aged girls organized together and spoke out about an abusive teacher in their school, saying they got the idea from the "Me Too" movement. The teacher was dismissed and referred to law enforcement. [[UNICEF]]'s Amanda Westfall said the teacher likely would have gotten away with it just a few years ago.<ref name=":40" />
-=== France ===
-Variants of the phrase trended in France,<ref name="auto" /> especially {{lang|fr|#BalanceTonPorc}} (#DenounceYourPig),<ref name="Etehad" /> which encouraged users to share the names of their alleged abusers.<ref name="Donadio">{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/10/the-weinstein-scandal-seen-from-france/543315/ |title=#BalanceTonPorc is France's #MeToo |last1=Donadio |first1=Rachel |website=[[The Atlantic]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019011210/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/10/the-weinstein-scandal-seen-from-france/543315/ |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |url-status=live |date=October 18, 2017 |access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/09/movies/catherine-deneuve-and-others-denounce-the-metoo-movement.html |title=Catherine Deneuve and others denounce the #MeToo movement |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |date=January 10, 2018 |access-date=January 10, 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110040144/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/09/movies/catherine-deneuve-and-others-denounce-the-metoo-movement.html |archive-date=January 10, 2018}}</ref> {{lang|fr|#BalanceTonPorc}} was first used by [[Sandra Muller]]. She was requested to take down her tweet by two lawyers.<ref name=":32">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/world/europe/france-harassment-twitter-weinstein.html |title=France considers fines for catcalls as women speak out on harassment |last1=Bilefsky |first1=Dan |date=October 17, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 15, 2018 |last2=Peltier |first2=Elian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115060206/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/world/europe/france-harassment-twitter-weinstein.html |archive-date=January 15, 2018}}</ref> In&nbsp;France, 93% of complaints against criminal sexual harassment are dropped or never followed up on by law enforcement.<ref name=":33">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/19/world/europe/france-sexual-harassment.html |title='Revolt' in France against sexual harassment hits cultural resistance |last=Rubin |first=Alissa J. |date=November 19, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 15, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223074906/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/19/world/europe/france-sexual-harassment.html |archive-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> Prosecutions are extremely rare, and only 65 of 1,048 sexual harassment lawsuits from 2014 actually led to a conviction.<ref name=":32" /> In 40% of workplace sexual violence cases, the person who makes the complaint is reprimanded or fired, while the accused person is typically not investigated or punished.<ref name=":33" /> There is no French equivalent to the U.S. [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]], which gives victims a place to report workplace sexual violence if the employer and/or law enforcement refuses to address the complaint.<ref name=":33" /> [[Brigitte Macron]], wife of French President [[Emmanuel Macron]], expressed support for the #MeToo movement.<ref name=":32" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfmtv.com/societe/harcelement-sexuel-brigitte-macron-se-dit-heureuse-que-les-femmes-parlent-1279311.html |title=Harcèlement sexuel: Brigitte Macron se dit "heureuse que les femmes parlent" |last=BFMTV |publisher=BFMTV |language=fr |access-date=January 15, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023234723/http://www.bfmtv.com/societe/harcelement-sexuel-brigitte-macron-se-dit-heureuse-que-les-femmes-parlent-1279311.html |archive-date=October 23, 2017}}</ref>
-Initially the hashtag went viral, but there was an almost immediate media backlash.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/opinion/catherine-deneuve-french-feminists.html |title=Opinion: Catherine Deneuve and the French feminist difference |last=Poirier |first=Agnès C. |year=2018 |website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 15, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114235411/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/opinion/catherine-deneuve-french-feminists.html |archive-date=January 14, 2018}}</ref> Soon after, 100 high-profile French women, including actress {{lang|fr|[[Catherine Deneuve]]|italic=no}}, former pornographic actress and radio host {{lang|fr|[[Brigitte Lahaie]]|italic=no}}, and art critic and author {{lang|fr|[[Catherine Millet]]|italic=no}}, signed an open letter by {{lang|fr|[[Abnousse Shalmani]]|italic=no}} which criticized the #MeToo / #BalanceTonPorc campaign. It was noted the letter is poorly edited with several typos and unclear or clumsy passages.<ref name=":352" /><ref name=":34">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/world/europe/france-sexual-harassment.html |title=Response to French letter denouncing #MeToo shows a sharp divide |last1=Breeden |first1=Aurelien |year=2018 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 15, 2018 |last2=Peltier |first2=Elian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114132640/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/world/europe/france-sexual-harassment.html |archive-date=January 14, 2018}}</ref>
-The people who signed the letter, especially {{lang|fr|Deneuve|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|Millet|italic=no}}, were criticized for saying men should have the "right to pester" women.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/14/french-feminists-catherine-deneuve-metoo-letter-sexual-harassment |title=After the #MeToo backlash, an insider's guide to French feminism |last=Poirier |first=Agnès |date=January 14, 2018 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=January 15, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114235554/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/14/french-feminists-catherine-deneuve-metoo-letter-sexual-harassment |archive-date=January 14, 2018}}</ref> The letter also told people not to be bothered by small amounts of sexual harassment, for example men who rub against women on public transportation. The letter states women should "consider it as the expression of a great sexual misery, or even as a nonevent".<ref name=":34" /> French politician {{lang|fr|[[Marlène Schiappa]]|italic=no}} said some aspects of the letter were "profoundly shocking" and "we have immense difficulty convincing young women that when a man rubs his genitals against a woman in the [[Paris Métro|Métro]] without her consent, it is an act of sexual assault that can lead to three years in prison and a 75,000 euro fine."<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":34" />
-A week after its publication, {{lang|fr|Deneuve|italic=no}} issued a letter of clarification, and said although she still agrees with the spirit of the original letter, she wants to clarify that she does believe sexual harassment and assault are real problems, and apologized to all victims of unpleasant sexual acts who read the letter and felt hurt by it.<ref name=":36">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/15/arts/catherine-deneuve-me-too.html |title=Catherine Deneuve Apologizes to Victims after Denouncing #MeToo |last=Codrea-Rado |first=Anna |year=2018 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 15, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115143236/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/15/arts/catherine-deneuve-me-too.html |archive-date=January 15, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":37">{{cite web |last=Deneuve |first=Catherine |author-link=Catherine Deneuve |url=http://www.liberation.fr/debats/2018/01/14/catherine-deneuve-rien-dans-le-texte-ne-pretend-que-le-harcelement-a-du-bon-sans-quoi-je-ne-l-aurais_1622399 |title=Catherine Deneuve : "Rien dans le texte ne prétend&nbsp;que le harcèlement a du bon, sans quoi je ne l'aurais pas signé" |website=[[Libération]] |date=January 14, 2018 |access-date=January 15, 2018 |language=fr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115191819/http://www.liberation.fr/debats/2018/01/14/catherine-deneuve-rien-dans-le-texte-ne-pretend-que-le-harcelement-a-du-bon-sans-quoi-je-ne-l-aurais_1622399 |archive-date=January 15, 2018}}</ref>
-Political commentator {{lang|fr|Anastasia Colosimo|italic=no}} said the movement to prevent sexual misconduct at work is more accepted by younger women in France because they take sexual freedom as a given, while older feminists are afraid #MeToo may hurt the sexual revolution.<ref name=":352" /> Legal professional {{lang|fr|Marilyn Baldeck|italic=no}} noted that when people are given "concrete examples" of sexual misconduct, they often "change their minds and acknowledge how harmful some situations can be".<ref name=":34" /> French politician {{lang|fr|Sandrine Rousseau|italic=no}} said that the #MeToo movement will continue because French women have been silenced for too long.<ref name=":32" /> A petition aimed at President {{lang|fr|Emmanuel Macron|italic=no}} demanded sexual harassment to be taken more seriously in France, and received more than 100,000 signatures in three days.<ref name=":33" />
-Singer [[Tom Connan]] said in an interview published by [[L'Obs]] that he had been the victim of sexual harassment and claimed that men (not only women) were also affected by the problem.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20171018.OBS6179/tom-musicien-j-ai-ete-agresse-a-17-ans-je-n-ai-rien-dit-j-avais-peur-pour-ma-carriere.html |title=Tom, musicien : "J'ai été agressé à 17 ans. Je n'ai rien dit, j'avais peur pour ma carrière" |website=Le Nouvel Observateur}}</ref>
-'''NousToutes'''
-In 2018, 30,000 women marched in Paris with the #NousToutes, dressing in purple.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20181125-france-tens-thousands-protest-violence-against-women-paris |title=#NousToutes: Tens of thousands protest violence against women in Paris |date=November 25, 2018 |publisher=France 24|access-date=March 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.la-wtf.com/article/noustoutes-comment-se-preparer-a-la-grande-marche-du-24-novembre_863.html |title=#NousToutes : comment se préparer à la grande marche du 24 novembre ? |last=Talik |first=Lola |website=LA-WTF |language=fr|access-date=March 17, 2019}}</ref>
-Tens of thousands of men and women demonstrated on November 23, 2019 in more than 30 cities.<ref>[http://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20191123-women-paris-rally-against-domestic-abuse-after-116-die-acts-violence Women in France rally against domestic abuse after 116 die in acts of violence], RFI, November 23, 2019</ref>
-;Ligue du LOL
-{{main|Ligue du LOL}}
-In February 2019, prominent male Parisian journalists were accused of forming a group called the "Ligue du LOL" that ran online harassment campaigns against feminists, female journalists, writers of color and gay people over a 10-year period. The group's founder, {{Interlanguage link multi|Vincent Glad|fr}}, was suspended by the daily newspaper [[Libération (newspaper, 1941-1964)|Libération]], whose own fact-checking unit broke the story.
-The NGO [[SOS Racisme]] called for a judicial investigation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/15/french-media-crisis-faces-own-metoo-moment-ligue-du-lol |title=French media in crisis as they face their own #MeToo moment |first=Angelique |last=Chrisafis |date=February 15, 2019 |via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-02-15/lol-league-harassment-restarts-metoo-conversation-france |title=LOL League harassment restarts #MeToo conversation in France |website=Public Radio International}}</ref>
-=== Germany ===
-MeToo was not particularly popular in Germany until January 11, 2018, when it started trending after the {{lang|de|[[Die Zeit]]|italic=yes}} weekly newspaper published reports about three German former actresses who alleged that award-winning TV director [[Dieter Wedel]] had committed sexual assault.<ref name=":06">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thelocal.de/20180116/metoo-has-arrived-in-germany-heres-why-its-so-controversial |title=#MeToo has arrived in Germany. Here's why it's so controversial |date=January 16, 2018 |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024057/https://www.thelocal.de/20180116/metoo-has-arrived-in-germany-heres-why-its-so-controversial |archive-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":112">{{cite web |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/179056-metoo-moment-hits-germany-with-tv-director-abuse-scandal |title=Germany's first #MeToo case: TV director Dieter Wedel hit with abuse scandal |website=geo.tv |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024335/https://www.geo.tv/latest/179056-metoo-moment-hits-germany-with-tv-director-abuse-scandal |archive-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref> There have been official concerns about the alleged long-time coverup of {{lang|de|Wedel|italic=no}}'s actions because most of his work was done through public broadcasting and received government money.<ref name=":112" /> The report detailed a months-long investigation into the three allegations, and included 50 interviews.<ref name=":06" /> {{lang|de|Wedel|italic=no}} has not responded to the allegations in {{lang|de|Die Zeit|italic=yes}}, stating through a spokesperson he is in the hospital and having heart trouble.<ref name=":112" /> Another high-profile German case concerned the former president of the Munich Academy of Music, [[Siegfried Mauser]].<ref>Ralf Wiegand/Susi Wimmer, ''Professor Unrat''. In: ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'', no. 113 (May 18, 2018), p. 9. Mauser was referred to as "the Harvey Weinstein of German classical music".</ref> In a study of 2000 Germans conducted after the initial spread of #MeToo, it was found that 43% of women and 12% of men have experienced sexual harassment or abuse, most commonly inappropriate touching.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/half-of-women-in-germany-victim-of-sexual-harassment-survey/a-41149234 |title=Half of women in Germany victim of sexual harassment, survey |date=October 28, 2017 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130042712/http://www.dw.com/en/half-of-women-in-germany-victim-of-sexual-harassment-survey/a-41149234 |archive-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref>
-===Iran===
-In October 2018, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Grand Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]] issued a message stating the "disaster of countless sexual assaults on Western women – including incidents leading to #Metoo campaign" can be solved with the Islamic solution of [[hijab]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lipin |first1=Michael |last2=Sigarchi |first2=Afshar |title=Khamenei's #MeToo Video Draws Critique of His Record on Women |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/khameneis-metoo-video-draws-critique-of-his-record-on-women/4600865.html |work=VOA |date=October 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Khamenei.ir on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/khamenei_ir/status/1047540289265647616 |website=Twitter}}{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}}</ref>
-In August 2020, a #Metoo movement gained momentum on social media in Iran. Most prominently, in a ''New York Times'' article by [[Farnaz Fassihi]], published on 20 October 2020, thirteen women accused [[Aydin Aghdashloo]], an internationally famous Iranian artist with ties to the Iranian regime, of repeated acts of sexual assault and abuse over many years. The wave of allegations against Aghdashloo began with a Twitter thread by former journalist Sara Omatali on 22 August 2020, and were corroborated by 45 people in research for the ''Times'' article. The article stated that, out of these 45 people interviewed, "nineteen described him as the '[[Harvey Weinstein]] of Iran'." Aghdashloo responded by stating that "the allegations of sexual abuse against me are full of significant inaccuracies, mischaracterizations and fabrications."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Omatali |first1=Sara |title=Thread |url=https://twitter.com/SOmatali/status/1297060455249313793 |website=Twitter |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=fa |date=21 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |title=A #MeToo Awakening Stirs in Iran |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/world/middleeast/iran-metoo-aydin-aghdashloo.html?searchResultPosition=1 |access-date=27 October 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=22 October 2020}}</ref>
-At the same time, discussion of the case of university art professor Keivan Emamverdi has flooded Iranian Twitter accounts in 2020. He's been accused by multiple female students of inviting them to his home, then drugging and raping them. After a number of former students leveled allegations against Emamverdi on social media — using fake names to remain anonymous — Tehran police chief announced Emamverdi's arrest on August 25, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Social media is forcing Iran to address the taboo topic of sexual violence|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iran-social-media-forces-government-to-address-taboo-topic-of-sexual-violence-rape/|access-date=2021-01-21|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
-The list grows to include more than 100 notable Iranian names including [[Mohsen Namjoo]] (Singer), [https://www.emich.edu/political-science/faculty/e-soltani.php Ebrahim Soltani] ( [[Eastern Michigan University]]'s Professor), and [[Bahman Jalali]] (Photographer) <ref>{{Cite web|title=در سایه قوانین مردمحور؛ افشاگری گسترده روزنامه‌نگاران از آزارهای جنسی|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/jinac/40556|access-date=2021-02-01|website=IranWire {{!}} خانه|language=fa}}</ref>
-=== India ===
-{{Main|Me Too movement (India)}}
-The use of the #MeToo hashtag on social media spread quickly in India,<ref name=":19">{{cite web |last=Kazmi |first=Zehra |title=#MeToo: Does it take a Twitter trend to know women are harassed every day? |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/metoo-does-it-take-a-twitter-trend-for-men-to-know-women-are-harassed-every-day/story-c8InKAyvFnBALNxejogTEL.html |date=October 17, 2017 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106125644/http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/metoo-does-it-take-a-twitter-trend-for-men-to-know-women-are-harassed-every-day/story-c8InKAyvFnBALNxejogTEL.html |archive-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/women-in-india-are-also-saying-metoo |title=Women in India are also saying #MeToo |last=Staff writer |date=October 19, 2017 |website=[[PBS NewsHour]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120223/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/women-in-india-are-also-saying-metoo |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref> where sexual harassment is commonly referred to by the word 'eve-teasing', a term described as misleading, tame, and diluting the seriousness of the crime.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/07/04/why-are-we-still-calling-sexual-harassment-eve-teasing-in-indi_a_23015316/ |title=Why Are We Still Calling Sexual Harassment 'Eve-Teasing' In India? |date=July 4, 2017 |website=Huffington Post India |access-date=January 22, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004500/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/07/04/why-are-we-still-calling-sexual-harassment-eve-teasing-in-indi_a_23015316/ |archive-date=November 7, 2017}}</ref> In response to #MeToo, there have been attempts to teach Indian women about workplace rights and safe reporting, as well as educate men about the scope of the problem.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{cite web |last=LawRato |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/119476/metoo-campaign-victim-sexual-assault/ |title=#MeToo: Know the laws that protect you from sexual assault and harassment |date=October 28, 2017 |website=The Better India |access-date=January 17, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131845/https://www.thebetterindia.com/119476/metoo-campaign-victim-sexual-assault/ |archive-date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> Some have likened #MeToo to a 2012 social movement which followed a [[2012 Delhi gang rape|violent gang rape]] in New Delhi that later resulted in a woman's death, which caused the Indian government to institute harsher punishments for rape.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":21">{{cite news |last=Wu |first=Huizhong |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/09/health/india-me-too-allegations/index.html |title=#MeToo helps spark wider conversation around sexual abuse in India |publisher=CNN |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120431/http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/09/health/india-me-too-allegations/index.html |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/blame-victims-and-the-west-indias-way-of-justifying-sexual-assaults/a-37023646 |title=Asia {{!}} Blame victims and the West – India's way of justifying sexual assaults?|last=Staff writer|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=January 5, 2018|access-date=January 6, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718210614/http://www.dw.com/en/blame-victims-and-the-west-indias-way-of-justifying-sexual-assaults/a-37023646|archive-date=July 18, 2017}}</ref> Others have suggested there was underlying public anger over a Delhi rape conviction that was overturned by Judge Ashutosh Kumar a month before against filmmaker and writer [[Mahmood Farooqui]], ruling that a "feeble" no was not enough to revoke consent because it was typical for one partner to be less willing. The case is being appealed to the Supreme Court.<ref name=":21" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/asia/indian-court-overturns-rape-conviction/index.html |title='A feeble no may mean yes': Indian court overturns rape conviction |last=Wu |first=Huizhong |date=September 27, 2017 |publisher=CNN |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206221307/http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/asia/indian-court-overturns-rape-conviction/index.html |archive-date=December 6, 2017}}</ref> Activist [[Jasmeen Patheja]], head of [[Blank Noise]], stated #MeToo's power is in demonstrating India can no longer ignore the scope of the problem.<ref name=":20" /> Kaimini Jaiswal, a lawyer at the [[Supreme Court of India]], stressed the importance of teaching women how to read, especially in rural villages, because most women in these areas are illiterate and financially and emotionally dependent on a male relative.<ref name=":22" />
-Blogger Sheena Dabholkar's viral #MeToo tweet resulted in the boycott of Khodu Irani's popular [[Pune]] pub, High Spirits, by several well-known performers.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Abhinav |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/comedians-slam-pune-cafe-owner-khodu-irani-over-sexual-harassment-allegations/story-ANOfY75BupKS3zU2FPRKWK.html |title=Comedians slam Pune café owner Khodu Irani over sexual harassment allegations |date=October 16, 2017 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106193138/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/comedians-slam-pune-cafe-owner-khodu-irani-over-sexual-harassment-allegations/story-ANOfY75BupKS3zU2FPRKWK.html |archive-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/high-spirits-but-only-for-men-women-come-forward-alleging-rampant-sexual-harassment-at-pune-bar-4147775.html |title=High spirits, but only for men: Women come forward alleging rampant sexual harassment at Pune bar |website=Firstpost.com|access-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref> Several women mentioned [[Mahesh Murthy]], which initiated a police case in January 2018.<ref name=":28">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-metoo-has-spread-wildfire-around-world-749171 |title=How #MeToo has spread like wildfire around the world |date=December 15, 2017 |website=Newsweek |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105160147/http://www.newsweek.com/how-metoo-has-spread-wildfire-around-world-749171 |archive-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vccircle.com/mahesh-murthy-a-metoo-moment-too-many/ |title=Mahesh Murthy: A #MeToo moment too many? |date=January 5, 2018 |website=VCCircle |access-date=January 21, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125056/https://www.vccircle.com/mahesh-murthy-a-metoo-moment-too-many/ |archive-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> The Trends Desk of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote many Indian men are speaking up as a part of #MeToo, including discussions about consent and how some men are also abused.<ref>{{cite web |last=Trends Desk |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/metoo-man-on-twitter-shares-how-he-has-been-horrible-to-women-in-the-past-takes-responsibility-for-it-4894813/ |title=#MeToo: This man's Twitter confession on being a 'SHAMELESS FLIRT' is a MUST READ for all men |date=October 17, 2017 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120347/http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/metoo-man-on-twitter-shares-how-he-has-been-horrible-to-women-in-the-past-takes-responsibility-for-it-4894813/ |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trends Desk |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/metoo-men-lend-their-support-to-the-movement-4894963/ |title=#MeToo: Men lend their support to the movement, say 'we will do better' |date=October 17, 2017 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120417/http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/metoo-men-lend-their-support-to-the-movement-4894963/ |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref> Rina Chandran of [[Reuters]] said that #MeToo is ignoring the 600,000 women in India who are currently involuntary sex workers, and are typically poor, uneducated or lack a family.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chandran |first=Rina |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-women-sexcrimes/metoo-campaign-excludes-indias-most-vulnerable-women-activists-say-idUSKBN1EC1Y9 |title=#MeToo campaign excludes India's most vulnerable women, activists say |date=December 18, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120136/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-women-sexcrimes/metoo-campaign-excludes-indias-most-vulnerable-women-activists-say-idUSKBN1EC1Y9 |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref>
-There were reports of mass sexual assaults during the 2018 new year's celebrations in [[Bangalore]], which have been associated with #MeToo. The incidents were initially dismissed by the police until someone uploaded CCTV footage of the assaults to social media.<ref name=":22" /> Home Minister G. Parameshwara, Abu Azmi, and other officials came under fire for stating "western" women's clothing and values were the cause of the rapes and that women's families should not allow them to go to parties or major celebrations.<ref name=":22" />
-Several lists of alleged rapists and harassers started spreading on social media in India, including "The List" which initially included the names of about sixty highly respected academic men. The List of Sexual Harassers in Academia ("[[LoSHA]]") was posted on October 24, 2017, by activist Inji Pennu and an Indian student in California named Raya Sarkar, who alleged they personally confirmed every incident.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":23">{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/perpetrators-are-shamed-under-due-process-toofarooqui-tejpal-khurshid-were-all-s/303891 |title='Perpetrators are shamed under due process too ... Farooqui, Tejpal, Khurshid were all shamed. Was anyone convicted?': Raya Sarkar |last=Singh |first=Pragya |date=November 3, 2017 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106173235/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/perpetrators-are-shamed-under-due-process-toofarooqui-tejpal-khurshid-were-all-s/303891 |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref> This list has resulted in criticism against #MeToo because the allegations were unverified before they started spreading on social media. Some of the victims from the list have come forward to explain they were ignored, mistreated or retaliated against when they tried to pursue action.<ref name=":24">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/metoo-sexual-predators-list-divides-indian-feminists/a-41295522 |title=Asia {{!}} #MeToo: 'Sexual predators' list divides Indian feminists|last=Staff writer|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=November 8, 2017|access-date=January 6, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106083841/http://www.dw.com/en/metoo-sexual-predators-list-divides-indian-feminists/a-41295522|archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref> Sarkar has defended The List, saying that she posted it only to warn her friends about professors and academics to avoid (mostly upper caste men), and had no idea it could become so popular.<ref name=":23" /> A second list came out a week later that was made by women from a lower caste background and included more names, raising the total to around 70.<ref name=":25" />
-Twelve prominent Indian feminists dismissed The List in a formal letter, saying they understand that the justice system is typically tilted against victims, but unverified claims make things harder for the feminist movement.<ref name=":25">{{cite web |last=KrantiKali Team |url=https://medium.com/krantikali/raya-sarkar-and-all-the-lists-men-ae956f21eab1 |title=Raya Sarkar and All The List's Men |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |date=October 24, 2017 |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120435/https://medium.com/krantikali/raya-sarkar-and-all-the-lists-men-ae956f21eab1 |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}{{primary source inline|date=January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/metoo-and-himtoo-come-to-india/ |title=#MeToo and #HimToo Come to India |last=Borpujari |first=Priyanka |website=[[The Diplomat]] |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072533/https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/metoo-and-himtoo-come-to-india/ |archive-date=January 3, 2018}}</ref> Writers Rhea Dangwal and Namrata Gupta responded that most victims from the list were poor students who tried to go through official channels without success or recourse, while every single man on the list can defend himself socially and legally.<ref name=":25" />
-On September 27, 2018, former actress [[Tanushree Dutta]] accused [[Nana Patekar]] of sexual harassment,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/897817/indias-metoo-some-of-the-sexual-harassment-charges-that-have-surfaced-this-week|title=India's #MeToo: Some of the sexual harassment charges that have surfaced since October|first=Anand Katakam & Vijayta|last=Lalwani|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> which was the catalyst of the "Me Too" movement in India. The accusation by Dutta stirred a row of accusations from many women in industries including media and politics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goyal |first1=Divya |title=Nana Patekar Dismisses Tanushree Dutta's Allegations, Asks 'What Sexual Harassment?' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/nana-patekar-dismisses-tanushree-duttas-allegations-asks-what-sexual-harassment-1923208 |website=NDTV.com |date=September 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Alluri |first1=Aparna |title=#MeToo firestorm consumes Bollywood and media |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-45757916 |work=BBC News |date=October 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Bollywood's Expanding #MeToo Movement Hits Productions |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/asia/bollywood-metoo-movement-hits-productions-1202976808/ |website=Variety |date=October 11, 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, the Minister of state for External Affairs, [[MJ Akbar]] was accused of sexual harassment by several female colleagues through the 'Me Too' Movement in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/09/world/asia/india-sexual-harassment-me-too-bollywood.html|title=After a Long Wait, India's #MeToo Movement Suddenly Takes Off|first1=Vindu|last1=Goel|first2=Ayesha|last2=Venkataraman|first3=Kai|last3=Schultz|date=October 9, 2018|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
-On October 21, 2018, former music director [[Anu Malik]] was suspended from the jury panel of [[Indian Idol|''Indian Idol'' 2018]], after facing multiple allegations of sexual harassment made through the movement.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sony-suspends-anu-malik-as-the-judge-of-indian-idol-10-after-multiple-me-too-allegations-2677563 |title=Sony suspends Anu Malik as the judge of Indian Idol 10 after multiple sexual harassment allegations |date=October 21, 2018 |work=dna|access-date=October 21, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Israel ===
-In [[Israel]], the Hebrew hashtag {{lang|he|גםאנחנו#}} (#UsToo) began trending on October 18, 2017, with a front page spread in the newspaper {{lang|he-Latn|[[Yedioth Ahronoth]]|italic=yes}}.<ref name="Etehad" /> [[Asi Levi]] said at the [[Ophir Award]] ceremony that unlike America, in Israel the status of those accused do not change.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-harassment-of-women-prevalent-in-local-film-and-tv-industry-1.5458598 |title=#MeToo Shakes Up Israeli TV and Film Industry as Victims of Harassment Speak Out |last=Anderman |first=Nirit |date=October 18, 2017 |website=Haaretz |access-date=January 25, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012539/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-harassment-of-women-prevalent-in-local-film-and-tv-industry-1.5458598 |archive-date=January 26, 2018}}</ref> A hashtag for men, #HowIWillChange, has also become popular.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/.premium-men-respond-to-metoo-pledging-howiwillchange-1.5458834 |title='This Cant Be Women Just Speaking Up': Men Respond to #MeToo, Pledging #HowIWillChange |last=Peled |first=Shachar |date=October 19, 2017 |website=Haaretz |access-date=January 25, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012602/https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/.premium-men-respond-to-metoo-pledging-howiwillchange-1.5458834 |archive-date=January 26, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Palestine ===
-{{lang|ar-Latn|#AnaKaman}} or {{lang|ar|وأنا كمان#}} (#MeToo) has also been used by [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] women from [[UNRWA|refugee camps]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-for-women-under-occupation-it-s-time-for-anakaman-1.5459392 |title=Opinion: For the Women Under Israeli Occupation, It's Time for #AnaKaman (#MeToo) |last=Levy |first=Gideon |date=October 22, 2017 |website=[[Haaretz]] |access-date=January 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012514/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-for-women-under-occupation-it-s-time-for-anakaman-1.5459392 |archive-date=January 26, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-=== Italy ===
-In Italy, women posted stories of assault and harassment under the hashtag {{lang|it|#QuellaVoltaChe}}, which translates literally as "TheTimeThat".<ref name="Montini">{{cite web |last=Montini |first=Beatrice |date=October 17, 2017 |title=Weinstein, Giulia Blasi e le storie su #quellavoltache: "Se c'è squilibrio di potere non c'è mai consenso. Basta processare le vittime" |trans-title=Weinstein, Giulia Blasi, and stories posted to #quellavoltache: "When there's a power imbalance, it can never be consensual. Quit putting victims on trial." |language=it |url=http://27esimaora.corriere.it/17_ottobre_15/weinstein-giulia-blasi-storie-quellavoltache-se-c-squilibrio-potere-non-c-mai-consenso-basta-processare-vittime-1ad947a8-b1c7-11e7-8c05-16c4f9105c9c.shtml |website=[[Corriere della Sera]] |location=Milan |access-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018000552/http://27esimaora.corriere.it/17_ottobre_15/weinstein-giulia-blasi-storie-quellavoltache-se-c-squilibrio-potere-non-c-mai-consenso-basta-processare-vittime-1ad947a8-b1c7-11e7-8c05-16c4f9105c9c.shtml |archive-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>See also: {{cite tweet |user=ResistanceItaly |number=920409937209167872 |date=October 17, 2017 |title=#quellavoltache is the Italian #metoo hashtag.}}</ref> The phrase was launched by the journalist {{lang|it|Giulia Blasi|italic=no}}.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |url=http://ecodaipalazzi.it/2017/10/17/violenza-sulle-donne-convegno-alla-camera-la-boschi/ |title=Violenza sulle donne: convegno alla Camera con la Boschi |date=October 17, 2017 |website=EcodaiPalazzi.it|access-date=January 4, 2018 |language=it |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232412/http://ecodaipalazzi.it/2017/10/17/violenza-sulle-donne-convegno-alla-camera-la-boschi/ |archive-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref> Italian journalist {{lang|it|Simona Siri|italic=no}} wrote in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' that the initially popular movement quickly died out in Italy. She stated that Italian politician and former Prime Minister {{lang|it|[[Silvio Berlusconi]]|italic=no}}, who is known for his role in wild parties ([[Silvio Berlusconi prostitute trial|Bunga Bunga bacchanals]]) with underage women and prostitutes,<ref name=":8">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/world/europe/italy-sexual-harassment.html |title=In Italy, #MeToo Is More Like 'Meh' |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=December 16, 2017 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223001804/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/world/europe/italy-sexual-harassment.html |archive-date=December 23, 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{cite web |url=http://theconversation.com/asia-argento-harvey-weinstein-and-italys-complex-relationship-with-feminism-88496 |title=Asia Argento, Harvey Weinstein and Italy's complex relationship with feminism |last=O'Rawe |first=Catherine |website=The Conversation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232412/http://theconversation.com/asia-argento-harvey-weinstein-and-italys-complex-relationship-with-feminism-88496 |archive-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref> has contributed to a strong sexist culture with few female politicians in positions of power.<ref name="Simona">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2017/12/14/the-metoo-movements-disturbing-failure-in-italy/ |title=Why Italy's #MeToo movement is failing |last=Siri |first=Simona |date=December 14, 2017 |website=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217212116/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2017/12/14/the-metoo-movements-disturbing-failure-in-italy/ |archive-date=December 17, 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref> Movie directors {{lang|it|[[Fausto Brizzi]]|italic=no}} and {{lang|it|[[Giuseppe Tornatore]]|italic=no}} were accused of harassment by more than a dozen women but did not face any significant consequences or media scrutiny.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thelocal.it/20171104/cinema-paradiso-director-denies-fondling-showgirl |title='Cinema Paradiso' director Tornatore denies 'fondling' showgirl |date=November 4, 2017|access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104180714/https://www.thelocal.it/20171104/cinema-paradiso-director-denies-fondling-showgirl |archive-date=November 4, 2017}}</ref>{{r|"Simona"}}
-''[[The New York Times]]'' described the movement in Italy as "Meh" due to the lack of discussion. {{lang|it|[[Laura Boldrini]]|italic=no}}, the president of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|lower house of Parliament]], has declared that the movement cannot touch Italy because although there is much harassment, victims are often silenced and there's also a belief that "in our country, there are no harassers".<ref name=":8" /> It has been reported that nearly 70% of female university students have been sexually harassed, and it is widely accepted that Italy is behind other countries when it comes to gender rights.<ref name=":10" /> In response to {{lang|it|#QuellaVoltaChe}}, one article from {{lang|it|[[Libero (newspaper)|Libero]]|italic=yes}} was titled, "First they put out, then they whine and pretend to regret it."<ref name=":10" />
-Italian {{lang|it|Fabrizio Lombardo|italic=no}}, an employee and friend of [[Harvey Weinstein]], was widely covered by the media after he was accused of allegations that he aided Weinstein in sexually harassing Italian actress and former model {{lang|it|[[Asia Argento]]|italic=no}}, though he denies all wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/world/europe/fabrizio-lombardo-harvey-weinstein-italy.html |title=Harvey Weinstein's Italian Friend Is Now in the Eye of a Media Storm |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=October 24, 2017 |website=The New York Times|access-date=January 4, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028103838/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/world/europe/fabrizio-lombardo-harvey-weinstein-italy.html |archive-date=October 28, 2017}}</ref> {{lang|it|Argento|italic=no}} said of Italy, "Nothing has changed", and described her life after going public with the allegations as living a nightmare. She has made plans to leave Italy. Conservative TV news editor {{interlanguage link|Alessandro Sallusti|it|Alessandro Sallusti}} criticized {{lang|it|Argento|italic=no}} for being an accomplice to Weinstein for not reporting him immediately, and several other public figures and politicians questioned her innocence.<ref name=":8"/>
-The {{lang|it|Non Una di Meno}} group (Not One Woman Less), which is dedicated to stopping violence against women, wrote a letter to support {{lang|it|Argento|italic=no}} and organised a protest in November 2017 where tens of thousands of people gathered in Rome.<ref name=":10" /> Blogger {{lang|it|Abbatto i muri}} (I Break Down Walls), journalist {{lang|it|Ida Dominijanni|italic=no}}, {{lang|it|Cagne sciolte}} (literally, ''Loose Bitches''), and author {{lang|it|Michela Marzano|italic=no}} also strongly supported {{lang|it|Argento|italic=no}} publicly.<ref name=":10"/> Italian women's rights activist {{lang|it|Lorella Zanardo|italic=no}} has stated that it is taken for granted that women must give or sell their body in order to get high-profile positions in politics, film, and media.<ref name=":8"/>
-{{lang|it|[[Maria Elena Boschi]]|italic=no}}, a politician who has created governmental initiatives aimed at teaching women it's okay to say no to sexual advances, has been targeted in the news and on social media for her support of the {{lang|it|#QuellaVoltaChe}} movement.<ref name=":7" /> She has been impersonated in several fake interviews where the actresses portray {{lang|it|Boschi|italic=no}} in unflattering ways.<ref name=":8" /> P[[photo manipulation|hotoshopped]] images of {{lang|it|Boschi|italic=no}} have been shared widely on social media, including a doctored image with her underwear showing during her swearing-in ceremony, which never occurred.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.business2community.com/world-news/maria-elena-boschi-italian-lawmaker-thong-leaning-desk-doctored-image-01939697 |title=Maria Elena Boschi, Italian Lawmaker, In A Thong Leaning Over Desk Is A Doctored Image |website=Business 2 Community |access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232412/https://www.business2community.com/world-news/maria-elena-boschi-italian-lawmaker-thong-leaning-desk-doctored-image-01939697 |archive-date=January 4, 2018 }}</ref> {{lang|it|Francesca Puglisi|italic=no}}, the chair of the Commission of Inquiry into Femicide in Italy, said that one woman is killed every two days on average by male violence, and the problem is severely under-reported, though she credited the {{lang|it|#QuellaVoltaChe}} hashtag and the work by {{lang|it|Boschi|italic=no}} with making a positive difference.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.democratica.com/opinioni/convenzione-istanbul-legge-contro-violenza-donne/ |title=L'argine della legge contro la violenza sulle donne |website=Democratica|access-date=January 4, 2018 |language=it |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232411/https://www.democratica.com/opinioni/convenzione-istanbul-legge-contro-violenza-donne/ |archive-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref>
-Argento, herself, was accused of sexual misconduct in 2018 by actor [[Jimmy Bennett]]. Following this allegation, Argento was fired from her work on ''[[The X Factor (Italy)|The X Factor Italy]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/08/asia-argento-x-factor-fired|title=Asia Argento Fired from Italian version of "The X Factor" Following Allegation of Sexual Misconduct|website=vanity fair.com}}</ref>
-==={{anchor|Shiori Itō}} Japan===
-In Japan approximately 4% of rapes are reported in Japan due to social stigmas against sexual assault survivors, of which half of the criminal charges are dropped by prosecutors.<ref name=":1522" /> Many [[rape myth]]s in Japanese culture typically hold women accountable for sexual assaults instead of the assaulter, creating an environment where even if victims come forward  "Japanese society wants them to stay silent."<ref name=":1522" /> Political Scientist Mari Miura argues that a lack of solidarity among women and the complicated, stigmatized and lengthy process of prosecuting rapists deters sexual assault survivors from speaking out.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nwasianweekly.com/2018/03/in-patriarchal-japan-saying-me-too-can-be-risky-for-women/|title=In patriarchal Japan, saying 'Me Too' can be risky for women|date=2018-03-10|website=Northwest Asian Weekly|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> The word "rape" is [[taboo]] in Japan, instead described with less threatening words like saying an underage victim was "tricked," or a woman was "violated" thus contributing to a public lacking comprehensive understanding of the pervasiveness of the problem.<ref name=":1522" /> The legal age of consent in Japan is 13.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43721227|title=When Japan's women broke their silence|date=April 25, 2018|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Women in Japan are regularly exposed to harassment from a young age;<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Suzuki|first=Yumi E.|date=2016|title=Sexual Violence in Japan: Implications of the Lay Judge System on Victims of Sexual Violence|journal=Journal of Law and Criminal Justice|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.15640/jlcj.v4n1a5|doi-access=free}}</ref> for example, on public transportation<ref name=":1522" /> it is called [[Chikan (body contact)|chikan]].<ref name=":0" /> Prior to 2017, [[Penal code|laws]] regarding the treatment of sexual assault had remained unchanged since 1907. It previously failed to consider oral and anal rape as assault. Despite the definition of assault being expanded in 2017, rape is criminalized and prosecutable under law only if there is clear evidence of physical force and resistance being involved in the act.<ref name=":71"/>
-Multiple other authors and public figures have criticized what they saw as Japan's silence on the topic of sexual assault, such as [[Kyoko Nakajima]], Mayumi Mori,<ref name=":1522" />  Kirsten King,Akiko Kobayashi,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/kirstenking/what-it-means-when-women-say-me-too-1 |script-title=ja:「#MeToo」は単なる2つの単語ではない。その言葉が語る世界を知っていますか？ |website=BuzzFeed |access-date=January 5, 2018 |language=ja |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020933/https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/kirstenking/what-it-means-when-women-say-me-too-1 |archive-date=January 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/akikokobayashi/darenimoiwanakatta |script-title=ja:9歳で身近な人から性的な行為をされた私は10年間、誰にも言わなかった |last=Kobayashi |first=Akiko |website=BuzzFeed |language=ja |access-date=January 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233604/https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/akikokobayashi/darenimoiwanakatta |archive-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref> Hakuo Au (née Haruka Ito).<ref name=":16">{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/takumiharimaya/hachu-metoo|website=BuzzFeed|language=ja|script-title=ja:はあちゅうが著名クリエイターのセクハラとパワハラを証言 岸氏「謝罪します」|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052405/https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/takumiharimaya/hachu-metoo|archive-date=December 22, 2017|access-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref> [[BuzzFeed]] Japan writer Takumi Harimaya has stated that by sharing these stories, other victims of sexual assault and harassment can know they are not alone.<ref name=":16" /> Another journalist, Keiko Kojima stated that the movement is necessary to let people know that it is okay to say no to sexual violence, including male victims. She further remarked that despite how it is attacked in Japanese media, that #MeToo is not an "anti-man" campaign and that it is simply about anti-violence and anti-harassment. Kojima also believes it is extremely important for men to call out behaviors in others such as sexual harassment or having sex with someone who is unconscious and that every person who is not committing sexual violence is part of the #MeToo movement, whether they are male or female.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/keikokojima/metoo-ga-kirai-na-anata |script-title=ja:#MeToo が嫌いなあなたへ |last=Kojima |first=Keiko |website=BuzzFeed |language=ja |access-date=January 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233606/https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/keikokojima/metoo-ga-kirai-na-anata |archive-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref>
-As part of the #MeToo movement, [[Shiori Itō]] went public alleging that she was raped by [[Noriyuki Yamaguchi]], a prominent TV journalist and acquaintance of Japanese Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]],<ref name="BBC2018-06-28a">{{cite news |title=Japan's secret shame |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b0b8cfcj/japans-secret-shame |date=June 20, 2018 |access-date=July 26, 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an admission she says was unthinkable for a woman to do in Japan. Yamaguchi rejects her accusations, and says that sex was consensual.<ref name="BBC2018-06-28a" /> She said her experience with Japan's legal system showed her that victims of sex crimes were undermined and ignored. She called for the Japanese parliament to update Japan's laws regarding rape, which were over a century old. She explains how she could not get information on which hospital provides rape kits without going through a preliminary interview in person. When she went to the police, she was discouraged from filing a report, and informed her career would be ruined for no reason if she did this. She was told she did not act like a victim, and had to be interviewed by several officers, including one who made her reenact the rape with a dummy while he took pictures. Although they initially said they would arrest Yamaguchi, the case and charges were unexpectedly dropped. Itō then went to the media, but no one would take her story. When she spoke about the experience at a press conference, she made national news and immediately started receiving a negative backlash, hate mail, and threats.<ref name=":1522" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/22/asia/shiori-ito-japan-metoo-intl/index.html |title=Ignored, humiliated: How Japan is accused of failing survivors of sexual abuse |last1=Stewart |first1=Anna |last2=McKirdy |first2=Euan |last3=Ogura |first3=Junko |publisher=CNN}}</ref> She has been unsuccessful in her attempts to have criminal charges brought against Yamaguchi, but as of 2018 she was still pursuing a civil case against him, which he was defending.<ref name="BBC2018-06-28a" /> After reflecting on her experience with reporting sexual assault, Itō notes that there "is little concept of sexual consent in the law or in society" which indicates a need for more education in schools especially given the prevalence of rape culture and power imbalances in Japanese society.<ref name=":1522" /> Itō further stated that the #MeToo Movement was small in Japan but that "what's happened in the United States and elsewhere has provided an opening in our media to discuss sexual harassment and assault here, and to raise awareness".<ref name=":1522" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/takumiharimaya/japan-metoo|website=BuzzFeed|language=ja|script-title=ja:日本でも広がる「#metoo」 しかし、勘違いしないでほしい|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020650/https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/takumiharimaya/japan-metoo|archive-date=January 14, 2018|access-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref>
-In 2018, Junichi Fukuda, a deputy finance minister in the [[Fourth Abe Cabinet|Abe Administration]], resigned after being accused of sexual harassment by his former subordinates and an anonymous TV Asahi reporter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180419/p2a/00m/0na/013000c |title='His true character showed': Fukuda still denies sexual harassment claims as he resigns |date=April 19, 2018 |via=Mainichi Daily News}}</ref><ref name="apjjf.org">{{Cite web|url=https://apjjf.org/2018/15/McNeill.html|title=Justice Postponed: Ito Shiori and Rape in Japan {{!}} The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus|website=apjjf.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> [[TV Asahi]] warned against their employee making this allegation and going public with the allegedly incriminating conversation between her and Fukuda. Fukuda was publicly defended by his boss, [[Ministry of Finance (Japan)|Finance Minister]] [[Tarō Asō|Aso Taro]], who stated that Fukuda was unjustly reprimanded since sexual assault is not a punishable crime in Japan.<ref name=":71">{{Cite journal|last1=Hasunuma|first1=Linda|last2=Shin|first2=Ki-young|date=2019-01-02|title=#MeToo in Japan and South Korea: #WeToo, #WithYou|journal=Journal of Women, Politics & Policy|volume=40|issue=1|pages=97–111|doi=10.1080/1554477X.2019.1563416|s2cid=182728016|issn=1554-477X}}</ref> Aso Taro retained his job despite commenting that replacing female reporters with men should stop sexual harassment.<ref name="apjjf.org"/>
-A former member of the [[Japanese idol]] group [[Niji no Conquistador]] pressed charges against [[Pixiv]] representative director, Hiroaki Nagata, for sexual harassment during her time with the group, motivated by the #MeToo movement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ressler |first=Karen |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-01/former-niji-no-conquistador-idol-sues-pixiv-representative-director-for-sexual-harassment/.132296 |title=Former Niji No Conquistador Idol Sues pixiv Representative Director for Sexual Harassment |work=[[Anime News Network]] |date=June 1, 2018 |access-date=December 27, 2018}}</ref> Nagata resigned following the lawsuit.<ref>{{cite news |author=Rafael Antonio Pineda |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-06/pixiv-representative-director-resigns-from-company-amidst-lawsuits/.132512 |title=pixiv Representative Director Resigns From Company Amidst Lawsuits |work=[[Anime News Network]] |date=June 6, 2018 |access-date=December 27, 2018}}</ref>
-As a result of the severe culture of victim blaming, the slogan #WeToo was developed in conjunction with #MeToo. The slogan was launched to spur more women to openly support the feminist agenda of revealing the prevalence of sexual harassment and showing [[solidarity]] with victims. By replacing "Me" with "We", the slogan allowed women to contribute to the movement without having to speak of their own experience with sexual harassment, which is associated with the risk of receiving stigma, shame, and [[Ostracism|ostracization]]. The slogan was developed by Monica Fukuhara, who had first hand experience in the difficulty women in Japan face in regards to the fear of speaking of their experience with sexual assault.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/05/15/national/social-issues/becomes-victim-blaming-japan/|title=Me Too becomes We Too in victim-blaming Japan|last1=Mori|first1=Kurumi|date=2018-05-15|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2019-11-15|last2=Oda|first2=Shoko|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}</ref>
+After millions of people started using the phrase and hashtag in this manner in English, the expression began to spread to dozens of other languages. The scope has become somewhat broader with this expansion, however, and Burke has more recently referred to it as an international movement for justice for marginalized people in marginalized communities.
-Another manifestation of the MeToo movement in Japan was the following development of the KuToo campaign. Based on the Japanese word "kutsu" for shoes and the word for pain "kutsuu", the campaign was launched in response to the corporate norm that expects women at the workplace to always wear high heels. Similarly, women are pressured to wear high heels when job hunting, so as to raise the prospects of finding a competitive position in a corporation. Founded and supported by writer [[Yumi Ishikawa]], the campaign gained enough support to result in a petition being sent to labour ministry officials. Specifically, KuToo aims to prompt officials to create anti-sexual harassment and discrimination laws that will prohibit companies from restricting women from wearing anything other than high heels at the workplace.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/03/women-in-japan-protest-against-having-to-wear-high-heels-to-work-kutoo-yumi-ishikawa|title=#KuToo: Japanese women submit anti-high heels petition|last1=Weaver|first1=Matthew|date=2019-06-03|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-11-15|last2=France-Presse|first2=Agence|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
-=== Kenya ===
-When #MeToo first went viral in October 2017, coverage was overshadowed in Kenya by a presidential election that was occurring the next week.<ref name="Daily Nation">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/oped/opinion/It-s-time-to-talk-about--MeToo-campaign-/440808-4245588-10nctx5z/index.html |title=LYNCH: It's time to talk about #MeToo campaign and how it |work=Daily Nation |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114082930/http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/opinion/It-s-time-to-talk-about--MeToo-campaign-/440808-4245588-10nctx5z/index.html |archive-date=January 14, 2018}}</ref> However, the #MeToo movement started slowly spreading in Kenya after the election was over.<ref name="Daily Nation" /> In January 2018, it became especially popular after several new mothers alleged sexual misconduct at [[Kenyatta National Hospital]], claiming that after giving birth they have been sexually assaulted when they went alone to breastfeed.<ref name=":07">{{Cite news |url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/lifestyle/women-have-reported-being-raped-at-this-hospital-in-kenya-after-giving-birth/ |title=Women Have Reported Being Raped at This Hospital in Kenya After Giving Birth |last=Eweniyi |first=Olanrewaju |date=January 24, 2018 |work=Konbini Nigeria |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131023521/http://www.konbini.com/ng/lifestyle/women-have-reported-being-raped-at-this-hospital-in-kenya-after-giving-birth/ |archive-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref> There were also allegations that children in the hospital have been sexually assaulted.<ref name=":07" /> The hospital announced that the women were all lying, but in the future, women should stay together in groups in the hospital to prevent sexual assault. In response, hundreds of people protested in the streets of [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], and an investigation was initiated by the health minister.<ref name=":492">{{Cite news |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/01/metoo-spreads-to-kenya-pakistan-and-china-after-sexual-harassment-and-assault-allegations.html |title=Why the #MeToo Movement Just Took Off in Kenya, Pakistan, and China |last=Dunaway |first=Jaime |work=Slate |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129165753/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/01/metoo-spreads-to-kenya-pakistan-and-china-after-sexual-harassment-and-assault-allegations.html |archive-date=January 29, 2018}}</ref>
-===Lithuania===
-The [[Independent film|independent cinema]] director [[Sharunas Bartas]] and the politician [[Mykolas Majauskas]] galvanized Lithuania’s first #MeToo cases in 2018. In neither case legal prosecution followed. Bartas continues to direct. Majauskas survived two [[impeachment]] attempts and remains in politics. In the latter case the media withheld the names of the alleged victims due to alleged intimidation and their fears of retaliation.
-===Nepal===
-Former Mayor of [[Kathmandu]] Keshav Sthapit has been accused of sexual harassment by two female office clerks of the Kathmandu Metropolitan Office, Rashmila Prajapati and Ujjwala Maharjan, as a part of the Me Too movement in [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/11/716912|script-title=ne:केशव स्थापितको मन्त्री पद धरापमा, मुख्यमन्त्रीमाथि अभद्र व्यवहार गरेको आरोप |website=onlinekhabar.com |access-date=November 4, 2018 |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/two-women-accuse-mayor-sthapit-of-sexual-misconduct-metoo-wave-in-nepal/ |title=Two women accuse Mayor Sthapit of sexual misconduct: #MeToo wave in Nepal? |date=October 23, 2018 |website=thehimalayantimes.com |access-date=November 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/ampnews/2018-10-23/former-mayor-decries-rape-of-mens-rights-after-women-accuse-him-of-sexual-harassment.html |title=The Kathmandu Post -Former Kathmandu mayor decries 'rape of men's rights' after women accuse him of sexual harassment |website=kathmandupost.ekantipur.com |access-date=November 4, 2018}}</ref>
-===Nigeria===
-====Culture====
-[[Nigerians|Nigerian]] women and children get sexually assaulted every day and do not speak up about it due to fear of [[stigmatisation]] and [[prejudice]].<ref name=":60">{{Cite news |url=http://www.pulse.ng/gist/metro/horror-stories-of-how-these-nigerian-women-were-raped-id8066173.html |title=Horror stories of how these Nigerian women were raped |last=Akinloye |first=Dimeji|access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> Official silence seems to surround [[sexual abuse]] of women in Nigeria, with the police frequently not taking sexual abuse reports seriously.<ref name=":61">{{Cite journal |last=IZUGBARA |first=C. OTUTUBIKEY |date=December 2, 2004 |title=Patriarchal Ideology and Discourses of Sexuality in Nigeria |url=http://www.arsrc.org/downloads/uhsss/izugbara.pdf |journal=Understanding Human Sexuality Seminar Series |volume=2 |page=27 |via=academia.edu}}</ref> As a result, men, who are often the perpetrators of sexual abuse go unchallenged, and unpunished owing to factors such as culture and popular beliefs.<ref name=":61" /> The custom of [[victim blaming]] is evident in testimonies rape and sexual abuse survivors.<ref name=":60" /> Nigerian cultures look down on the open discussions of sexual matters and desires.<ref name=":61" /> A great deal of the pressure to remain silent stems from socio-cultural values, customs and expectations about what constitutes socially accepted behaviours.<ref name=":64">{{Cite journal |last=IZUGBARA |first=C. OTUTUBIKEY |date=December 2, 2004 |title=Patriarchal Ideology and Discourses of Sexuality in Nigeria |url=http://www.arsrc.org/downloads/uhsss/izugbara.pdf |journal=Understanding Human Sexuality Seminar Series |volume=2 |page=2 |via=academia.edu}}</ref> Cultural socialisation recognises men as having a naturally stronger sexual drive, and speaks of women in terms of shame, lack of interest in sexual matters and as one to be conquered by a domineering man.<ref name=":61" /> Nigerians are socially nurtured and fed by oppressive patriarchal subjectivities that try to instil a sense of what is normal: sexually-speaking.<ref name=":64" />
-==== Role of power and privilege ====
-There is a factor of power influencing the slow growth of the movement in Nigeria. The country is a highly patriarchal society.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://guardian.ng/features/as-metoo-moves-across-the-world-is-nigeria-next/ |title=As #MeToo moves across the world, is Nigeria next?|access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> Women have complained of how unimaginable it is in the country to report cases of harassment.<ref name="reuters">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-women-sexcrimes/metoo-challenges-taboo-against-admitting-sexual-abuse-in-africa-idUSKBN1CP1CG |title=#MeToo challenges taboo against admitting sexual abuse in Africa |last=Peyton |first=Nellie |work=U.S.|access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> Yet, sexual harassment is so prominent within the country that it is perceived as almost a right to men.<ref name="reuters"/>
-====Brenda Uphopho case====
-She had been assaulted three times by three different men. The first incident took place at age five. At that time, she was too young to understand what happened until a similar incident occurred at age 18. She was at a party when a stranger forced her to have sex with him. Upon her refusal, he beat her up and raped her. Due to the stigma attached to being raped, she resorted to silence. The final experience took place at her workplace when her boss forcibly put his hand under her skirt. She still remained silent with the notion of not being believed and being judged by others. Realizing she could not remain silent and needing to make an impact, Uphopho currently works with her husband to break the "culture of silence" around abuse in Nigeria. They produced a play called ''Shattered'' which seeks to encourage victims of sexual abuse to speak up.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/02/africa/nigeria-rape-survivors-metoo-asequals/index.html |title=The #MeToo stories you haven't heard: Meet the women speaking out in Nigeria |author1=Stephanie Busari |author2=Torera Idowu|access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Norway ===
-In Norway, under the hashtag ''#stilleforopptak'' (en. SilentforRecording), almost 600 actresses signed a petition and shared their stories through ''[[Aftenposten]]'' on November 16, 2017.<ref name="stilleforopptak">[https://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/i/0wPRg/stilleforopptak-590-norske-kvinnelige-skuespillere-tar-et-oppgjor-med-ukulturen-i-norsk-TV_-film-og-teater #stilleforopptak: 590 norske kvinnelige skuespillere tar et oppgjør med ukulturen i norsk TV, film og teater] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123161021/https://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/i/0wPRg/stilleforopptak-590-norske-kvinnelige-skuespillere-tar-et-oppgjor-med-ukulturen-i-norsk-TV_-film-og-teater |date=November 23, 2017 }}, ''[[Aftenposten]]''</ref> This also inspired dancers and musicians to create their own petitions, ''#nårdansenstopper'' (en. WhentheDanceStops) signed by 792 dancers,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/i/wEPaz5/nardansenstopper-Pa-turn-kaller-han-en-av-danserne-hore-etter-a-ha-sett-henne-pa-en-bar |title=#nårdansenstopper: "På turné kaller han en av danserne hore etter å ha sett henne på en bar" |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130030640/https://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/i/wEPaz5/nardansenstopper-Pa-turn-kaller-han-en-av-danserne-hore-etter-a-ha-sett-henne-pa-en-bar | archive-date=January 30, 2018 |date=December 12, 2017}}</ref> and ''#nårmusikkenstilner'' (en. WhentheMusicQuiets) signed by over 1110 musicians.<ref>[https://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/i/qnp89z/narmusikkenstilner-Plutselig-stakk-han-to-fingre-inn-i-meg-under-skjortet-mitt #nårmusikkenstilner: «Plutselig stakk han to fingre inn i meg under skjørtet mitt».] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211053719/https://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/i/qnp89z/narmusikkenstilner-Plutselig-stakk-han-to-fingre-inn-i-meg-under-skjortet-mitt | date=December 11, 2017 }} November 27, 2017</ref>
-{{lang|no|[[Trond Giske]]|italic=no}}, the deputy leader of the [[Norwegian Labour Party]] and a former cabinet minister in Norway, resigned from his political positions on January 7, 2018, after being accused of an extensive pattern of sexual assault and sexual harassment of young women, and of taking advantage of his political positions to make unwanted sexual advances.<ref name="ap-resignation">[https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/politikk/i/On38v1/Trond-Giske-trekker-seg-som-Ap-nestleder Trond Giske trekker seg som Ap-nestleder] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108100139/https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/politikk/i/On38v1/Trond-Giske-trekker-seg-som-Ap-nestleder |date=January 8, 2018 }}, ''[[Aftenposten]]''</ref> The accusations came in the context of the Me Too debate and dominated Norwegian media for several weeks from December 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsinenglish.no/2017/12/23/giske-sick-and-his-future-in-doubt/ |title=Giske 'sick,' and his future in doubt |website=newsinenglish.no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108120329/http://www.newsinenglish.no/2017/12/23/giske-sick-and-his-future-in-doubt/ |archive-date=January 8, 2018}}</ref> Accusations towards the now former leader of the [[Norwegian Young Conservatives]], {{lang|no|[[Kristian Tonning Riise]]|italic=no}}, also saw the light of day. In a Facebook post, {{lang|no|Tonning Riise|italic=no}} wrote: "I have been confronted with the fact that members of the Norwegian Young Conservatives on several occasions have reacted to my behaviour."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/slik-har-_metoo-truffet-norsk-politikk-1.13861278 |title=Slik har #metoo truffet norsk politikk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201120418/https://www.nrk.no/norge/slik-har-_metoo-truffet-norsk-politikk-1.13861278 | archive-date=February 1, 2018 |date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> It would later be revealed that the [[Conservative Party (Norway)|Conservative Party]] had received 15 alerts, whereas 10 of them regarded {{lang|no|Tonning Riise|italic=no}}.<ref>[https://www.nrk.no/norge/15-varsler-i-hoyre_-10-gjelder-tonning-riise-1.13869565 15 varsler i Høyre, 10 gjelder Tonning Riise] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120010752/https://www.nrk.no/norge/15-varsler-i-hoyre_-10-gjelder-tonning-riise-1.13869565 |date=January 20, 2018 }} January 16, 2018</ref> {{lang|no|[[Ulf Leirstein]]|italic=no}}, Norwegian politician for the [[Progress Party (Norway)|Progress Party]] and member of the {{lang|no|[[Storting]]|italic=no}}, had to take a break from office after it was discovered that he had shared pornographic images with a 14-year-old member of the [[Progress Party's Youth]] and suggested a [[threesome]] between him, a 30-year-old woman and a 15-year-old member of the Progress Party's Youth.<ref>[https://www.nrk.no/norge/leirstein-foreslo-gruppesex-med-15-ar-gammel-partifelle-1.13861200 Leirstein foreslo trekantsex med 15 år gammel FpU-gutt] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201120418/https://www.nrk.no/norge/leirstein-foreslo-gruppesex-med-15-ar-gammel-partifelle-1.13861200 |date=February 1, 2018 }} January 12, 2018</ref>
-=== Pakistan ===
-{{Main|Me Too movement (Pakistan)}}
-==== Zainab rape-murder case ====
-After the rape and murder of 7-year-old Zainab Ansari in January 2018, a wave of declarations were posted on Pakistan social media in #MeToo style.<ref name=":492" /> Sexual assault against a minor in Pakistan will result in 14 to 20 years in prison and a fine of 1 millions rupees.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1634144/1-na-approves-harsher-punishments-child-abuse/ |title=NA approves harsher punishments for child abuse |access-date=February 13, 2018 |work=The Express Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/02/13/na-passes-bill-to-impose-stricter-punishment-on-sex-offenders/ |title=NA passes bill to impose stricter punishment on sex offenders |access-date=February 13, 2018 |work=Pakistan Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/411340-Child-molester,-pornographer-to-face-up-to-20-years-imprisonment |title=Child molester, pornographer to face up to 20 years imprisonment |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Dunya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/201600/na-okays-14-20-years-jail-time-child-sex-offenders/ |title=NA Okays 14–20 years' jail time for child sex offenders |access-date=February 14, 2018 |publisher=Daily times}}</ref> [[Sheema Kermani]], a classical dancer, has been called the leader of the Pakistan #MeToo movement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/metoo-movement-in-pakistan-weve-had-enough/av-42349889 |title=#MeToo movement in Pakistan: 'We've had enough' {{!}} All media content {{!}} DW {{!}} January 29, 2018|last=(www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche Welle|website=DW.COM|access-date=January 30, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129200759/http://www.dw.com/en/metoo-movement-in-pakistan-weve-had-enough/av-42349889|archive-date=January 29, 2018}}</ref> Former model Frieha Altaf and designer [[Maheen Khan|Maheem Khan]] shared stories of sexual abuse, and challenged Pakistan to be more proactive at stopping children from getting raped.<ref name=":492" />
-==== Film industry ====
-Protests<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1180461 |title=We need to talk about Teefa in Trouble |last=Zubair |first=Hamna |date=July 20, 2018 |work=Images|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> marked the premieres of ''Teefa in Trouble'' in Karachi and Lahore by activists who boycotted the film over the sexual harassment allegations leveled against Ali Zafar by [[Meesha Shafi]], as well as at least half a dozen other women, earlier in the year.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.globalvillagespace.com/the-open-expression-of-misogyny-at-the-premiere-of-teefa-in-trouble/ |title=The open expression of misogyny at the premiere of 'Teefa in Trouble' – Global Village Space |date=July 21, 2018 |work=Global Village Space|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Zafar categorically denied the allegations and sued Shafi for defamation in the court where the case is ongoing.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.samaa.tv/culture/2018/07/teefas-in-trouble-and-so-is-ali-zafar/ |title=Teefa's in Trouble and so is Ali Zafar |publisher=Samaa TV|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1180496 |title=Protests take place outside cinemas as Teefa in Trouble premieres this weekend |author=Images Staff|date=July 21, 2018 |work=Images|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> On the other hand, Shafi had also filed a harassment case against Zafar, which, itself, is an ongoing investigation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@dheetmagazine/how-ali-zafar-puppeteers-pakistani-media-to-invalidate-strong-women-bd64d22bd11e |title=How Ali Zafar puppeteers Pakistani media to invalidate strong women |last=Magazine |first=Dheet |date=July 12, 2018 |website=Medium|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
-With hashtags such as #BoycottAliZafar, #BoycottTeefainTrouble, and #TeefaisTrouble, a huge wave of activists built a momentum on social media ahead of the movie's premiere and subsequent screenings. A few major Pakistani media outlets outright ignored the demonstrations but others had to give in when protestors turned up at cinemas and police and other law enforcement agencies got involved.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://cutacut.com/2018/07/21/police-detain-protesters-at-ali-zafars-teefa-in-trouble-screening-in-neuplex-karachi/ |title=Police detain protesters at Ali Zafar's Teefa in Trouble screening in Nueplex Karachi |work=cutacut|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
-Zafar reportedly also had to avoid his grand arrival at the film's Karachi premiere and take a detour through the basement at Nueplex Cinemas in DHA, Karachi, to avoid the hoard of demonstrators who had gathered at the venue's main entrance.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://cutacut.com/2018/07/20/demonstrations-against-ali-zafar-disrupt-teefa-in-troubles-premiere/ |title=Demonstrations against Ali Zafar disrupt Teefa in Trouble's premiere |work=cutacut|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/showbiz/sexual-harassment-controversy-leaves-teefa-in-395293.html |title=Sexual Harassment Controversy Leaves Teefa in Real Trouble |work=UrduPoint|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> During the protest, Feroze Khan, an actor and Zafar's friend, returned from inside the cinema in an attempt to sway the protestors by telling them to support "Pakistani cinema"; however, he was turned away owing to his stance, to which he responded by making obscene gestures.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.mangobaaz.com/feroze-khan-teefa-in-trouble-protest/ |title=Feroze Khan Just Gave The Middle Finger To Protestors at The 'Teefa in Trouble' Premiere Last Night |date=July 20, 2018 |work=MangoBaaz|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.brandsynario.com/feroze-khan-loses-his-cool-at-protesters-at-teefa-in-trouble-premiere/ |title=Feroze Khan Loses His Cool at Protesters at Teefa in Trouble Premiere – Brandsynario |date=July 20, 2018 |work=Brandsynario|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
-Reports had also emerged that the Nueplex Cinemas’ security manhandled some of the demonstrators and verbally abused multiple people at the protest.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/271246/misogyny-in-trouble/ |title=Misogyny in trouble – Daily Times |date=July 22, 2018 |work=Daily Times|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
-Protestors again showed up at Lahore's CineStar to voice their anger and disappointment at both the promotion of the film of an alleged harasser and the celebrities pouring in to support him. The controversy deepened when, in one instance, the demonstrators asked Waleed Zaman, the creative director of women's clothing brand Kayseria, the reason he was backing the film, to which Zaman responded by saying: "We support sexual harassment of women."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/news/asia/pakistan/we-support-sexual-harassment-pakistani-businessman-1.2254722 |title=We support sexual harassment: Pakistani businessman |editor-last=Khan |editor-first=Rabab |date=July 21, 2018 |work=Gulf News|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/07/22/white-lies-273/ |title=White Lies |website=Pakistan Today|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
-Zaman later posted and deleted multiple apologies on his social media accounts.
-At yet another screening of the film at Nueplex Cinemas at Rashid Minhas Road, Karachi, protestors were allegedly held in the basement and beaten by the cinema's private security, with various media reports confirming the incident.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.mangobaaz.com/protesters-teefa-in-trouble-beaten-up/ |title=Teefa in Trouble Protesters in Karachi Were Allegedly Beaten Up By Rangers And Pakistanis Are Furious |date=July 21, 2018 |work=MangoBaaz|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/271162/protests-erupt-against-ali-zafars-teefa-in-trouble/ |title=Protests erupt against Ali Zafar's 'Teefa in Trouble' – Daily Times |date=July 22, 2018 |work=Daily Times|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> The demonstrators’ phones were also confiscated and the cinema's security allegedly tried to plant incriminating evidence in one of the protestors' bags to make their case appear stronger to police.<ref name="auto1"/> However, they were let go later after the arrival of Rangers personnel.
-==== Stand-up comedy ====
-At least four women leveled allegations of sexual misconduct against [[Junaid Akram]], a prominent stand-up comedian and vlogger.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/214445 |title=Stand-up comedian Junaid Akram accused of sexual assault, harassment|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Most of the accusers were girls in their teens and early twenties. Akram, too, denied "all allegations of sexual harassment and sexual misconduct", labeled them "false", and announced that he intended to pursue legal actions as he had "already met my legal team".<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1181035 |title=As #MeToo picks up in Pakistan, Junaid Akram and Faisal Edhi are accused of sexual harassment |author=Images Staff|date=October 11, 2018 |work=Images|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
-Akram also clarified that his "marital status is public information".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1822859/4-junaid-akram-denies-claims-sexual-harassment/ |title=Multiple women accuse Junaid Akram of sexual harassment|date=October 11, 2018|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
-==== Charity sector ====
-The son of world-renowned late philanthropist [[Abdul Sattar Edhi]], Faisal Edhi, who now heads the Edhi Foundation, was also accused of sexual misconduct by a former journalist,<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://twitter.com/Sewrigami/status/1050032462431219713 |title=Urooj Zia on Twitter |work=Twitter|access-date=October 19, 2018}}{{Primary source inline|date=March 2019}}</ref> who said the man "grabbed my hand tightly and tried to kind of pull me back into the van". Faisal Edhi has denied the claims.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/10/10/female-journalist-accuses-abdul-sattar-edhis-son-faisal-edhi-of-sexual-harassment/ |title=Female journalist accuses Abdul Sattar Edhi's son Faisal Edhi of sexual harassment |website=Pakistan Today|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Philippines ===
-The Me Too movement has slowly picked up in the Philippines. In the [[culture of the Philippines]], shaming and victim blaming are still present and is often encouraged.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.devex.com/news/what-metoo-has-meant-around-the-world-93871 |title=What #MeToo has meant around the world |date=November 26, 2018 |work=Devex|access-date=November 28, 2018}}</ref> They are afraid to say #MeToo because people do not believe them. Stories finally were heard from after actress [[Saab Magalona]] retweeted Alyssa Milano's infamous quote.<ref name=":13">{{cite web |url=https://asiancorrespondent.com/2018/01/now-filipina-journalists-say-metoo/ |title=Now Filipina journalists are saying #MeToo |website=asiancorrespondent.com|access-date=November 28, 2018}}</ref> The accusations revolved around the entertainment industry as one of the bands, [[Jensen and The Flips]] was being brought up and they acknowledged their mistakes and apologized for their misconduct.<ref name=":13" /> Statistics from the Philippine Commission on Women from 2004 to 2013 revealed that only 629 cases had been recorded with the Philippine national police's Women and Children Protection Center.<ref name=":13" /> This figure is believed to only be a fraction of the actual number of harassment offenses committed against women. While the movement has not been as big as in the U.S., other movements such as [[Babae Ako movement|#BabaeAko]] have started as a result of #MeToo. #BabaeAko translates to "I am a Woman" and began in May after President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] declared that the next Chief Justice of Philippines could not be a woman.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/5345552/duterte-philippines-sexism-sona-women/ |title=How President Duterte Sparked an Uprising of Filipina Women |website=Time|access-date=November 28, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Serbia ===
-Inspired by the women of the global MeToo movement, Marija Lukić has stood up against Milutin Jeličić, her boss and the Mayor of [[Brus]], a small town in central Serbia and taken her accusations to court.<ref name=Serbia1>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/1db78ef2bdb44226ae46e84def256943|title=Inspired by #MeToo, Serbian woman speaks out and fights back|website=Associated Press|language=en|access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref> She and several other women from Brus have accused Mayor of sexual harassment and disturbing messages.<ref name=Serbia2>{{Cite web|url=https://www.equaltimes.org/justice-for-marija-serbia-s-first?lang=en#.XfEDT5NKjGg|title='Justice for Marija' – Serbia's first #MeToo scandal highlights the weaknesses of its democracy|website=equaltimes.org|language=en|access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref> Lukić faced threats and pressure, but she also received scores of support messages flooding in on social media with the hashtag ''#PravdaZaMarijuLukić'' (''#JusticeForMarijaLukić'').<ref name=Serbia1 /><ref name=Serbia2 /> These events were one of the triggers for the [[Serbian protests (2018–present)|anti-government protests]], which forced Jeličić to resign from office and his duties in the governing [[Serbian Progressive Party]] were suspended.<ref name=Serbia2 /><ref name=Serbia3>{{Cite web|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2019/03/02/serbian-protesters-challenge-govt-in-poster-war/|title=Serbian Protesters Challenge Govt in Poster War|website=Balkaninsight.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref> Lukić stated that she no longer believes in Serbian justice, but she is determined to fight for her rights at the [[European Court of Human Rights]].<ref name=Serbia2 /> On July 10, 2020 Mutin Jeličićr received a three-month prison sentence.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-17|title=Serbia's first #MeToo trial ends with three-month prison sentence for high profile predator · Global Voices|language=en|work=Global Voices|url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/07/17/serbias-first-metoo-trial-ends-with-three-month-prison-sentence-for-high-profile-predator/|access-date=2020-07-19}}</ref>
-===South Korea===
-{{main|Me Too movement (South Korea)}}
-In South Korea, the Me Too movement started to gain momentum as public prosecutor Seo Ji-hyeon shared her experience of assault by a high-level prosecutor and oppression of government authorities on national television on January 29, 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shin |first1=Ji-min |last2=Seon |first2=Dahm-eun |title=MeToo movement having lasting impact on South Korean society after just one month |url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/834264.html |access-date=March 1, 2018 |work=Hankyoreh |date=March 1, 2018}}</ref> As part of her interview, Seo claimed that she was sexually assaulted by then Korean Ministry of Justice Policy Planning Director and former prosecutor Ahn Tae-geun at a funeral in 2010. She reported the activity to her superiors, however, her superiors covered up the incident and demoted her to Changwon Public Prosecutor's Office from her post in Seoul, in spite of the fact that she was highly praised and awarded for her work performance by her superiors prior to the incident.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/31/south-korean-public-prosecutor-sparks-countrys-metoo-moment/ |title=South Korean public prosecutor sparks country's #Metoo moment with allegations of groping |first=Nicola |last=Smith |date=February 28, 2018 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>
-After Seo's public admittance of sexual assault, the Me Too movement spread quickly to other areas of society. On February 13, 2018, several women, including former actress Kim Soo-hee and actress Hong Seon-joo, accused [[Lee Yountaek]], a prominent and critically acclaimed stage director, of sexual harassment.<ref>{{cite news |last=Choe |first=Sang-hun |title=A Director's Apology Adds Momentum to South Korea's #MeToo Movement |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/19/world/asia/south-korea-metoo-lee-youan-taek.html |access-date=February 28, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=February 19, 2018}}</ref> Lee allegedly forced many women in his theater troupe, for 18 years, to massage his genital area prior to raping them.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Park |first1=Jin-hai |title=#MeToo is another 'candlelight protest' |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2018/02/703_244739.html |access-date=February 28, 2018 |work=The Korea Times |date=February 25, 2018}}</ref> In addition, Kim Soo-hee stated that in 2005, Lee raped her and got her pregnant, for which she had an abortion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kil |first1=Sonia |title=Korean Stage Director Lee Yoon-taek Accused of Rape |url=https://variety.com/2018/legit/asia/korea-metoo-stage-director-lee-yoon-taek-accused-of-rape-1202707408/ |access-date=February 28, 2018 |work=Variety |date=February 21, 2018}}</ref> Moreover, actress Hong Seon-joo alleged that Lee forcibly penetrated her private part with sticks and wooden chopsticks, saying it will help her vocalization.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chun |first=Geum-joo |script-title=ko:[영상] "성기에 나무젓가락 꽂아…" 손석희도 놀란 홍선주의 폭로 |url=http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0012147853&code=61121211 |access-date=February 28, 2018 |work=Kukmin Ilbo |date=February 22, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref> As a result, Lee resigned from all his positions in the theater world and formally apologized to the victims.<ref>{{cite news |title=Theater director Lee apologizes amid sex assault allegations |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2018/03/251_245760.html |access-date=May 26, 2018 |work=The Korea Times |date=March 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Park |first=Jin-hai |title=#MeToo is another 'candlelight protest' |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2018/02/703_244739.html |access-date=February 28, 2018 |work=The Korea Times |date=February 25, 2018}}</ref> Lee admitted to all his crimes except the abortion.<ref>{{cite news |last=Yoon |first=So-yeon |title=Theater bigwig Lee Youn-taek apologizes for sexual abuse |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3044676 |access-date=February 28, 2018 |work=Korea JoongAng Daily |date=February 19, 2018}}</ref>
-However, discussion on sexual assault and harassment preceded the MeToo with a series of hashtags under the scope of #000_nae_seongpongnyeok (#sexual_violence_in_000) with particular attention in the arts and culture #yeonghwagye_nae_seongpongnyeok (#sexual_violence_in_the_film_industry).<ref name=":70">{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Jinsook|date=2018-05-04|title=After the disclosures: a year of #sexual_violence_in_the_film_industry in South Korea|journal=Feminist Media Studies|volume=18|issue=3|pages=505–508|doi=10.1080/14680777.2018.1456168|s2cid=149515834|issn=1468-0777}}</ref> These hashtags were used on Twitter in October 2016, a year before the MeToo movement in the West.<ref name=":70" /> They document a work culture that encourages men to act aggressively, and women to "defeminize" in order to avoid objectification. Anonymous accounts set up to document sexual assault and harassment received legal action, and or had personal information leaked ([[doxing]]). In addition to the trauma of sexual assault, they must also face the financial, psychological and social burden of litigation.<ref name=":70" />
-On February 22, 2018, actor [[Oh Dal-su]] was accused of sexual harassment,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baek |first1=Yoong-hee |script-title=ko:‘나의 아저씨’ 측 "오달수 촬영? 배우 측 입장 기다리는 중" |url=http://star.mbn.co.kr/view.php?year=2018&no=125908&refer=portal |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=MBN Star |date=February 23, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Moon |first1=Soo-yeon |script-title=ko:오달수 측 "죄송하다, 할 말 없다"…'성추행·채국희와 결별' 답변 회피 |url=http://stoo.asiae.co.kr/news/naver_view.htm?idxno=2018022312420158265 |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=Sports Today |date=February 23, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Bo-ra |script-title=ko:[단독] 오달수·채국희 결별..5년 공개 열애 마침표 |url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1110842235 |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=Osen |date=February 23, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref> for which he denied the accusation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Mi-hwa |script-title=ko:[미투]오달수 "성추행 주장, 결코 사실 아냐..심려 끼쳐 죄송"(전문) |url=http://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2018022609011455270&outlink=1&ref=http%3A%2F%2Fentertain.naver.com |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=Star News |date=February 26, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref> However, February 26, further accusations against Oh were broadcast on ''[[JTBC Newsroom]]'', during which an interview was conducted with the woman who had accused Oh of sexual harassment and sexual assault.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Ji-ah |script-title=ko:'의혹 부인' 입장 냈지만…"오달수에 성폭행도 당해" |url=http://news.jtbc.joins.com/article/article.aspx?news_id=NB11595526 |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=jtbc News |date=February 26, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Park |first1=Kwi-im |script-title=ko:‘성추문’ 오달수, 10일 침묵→부인·사과→성폭행 주장→강경대응 [종합] |url=http://www.tvreport.co.kr/?c=news&m=newsview&idx=1040989 |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=TV Report |date=February 26, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref> Moreover, on February 27's episode of JTBC's ''Newsroom'', actress Uhm Ji-young came forward to say that she was also sexually harassed by Oh in 2003.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ko:연극배우 엄지영 "오달수, 사과는 커녕 없던 일로 만들어…또 다른 피해자 있을 것" |url=http://news.donga.com/3/all/20180227/88893007/2 |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=The Dong-a Ilbo |date=February 27, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jun |first1=Hyung-hwa |script-title=ko:[미투]오달수 측, 피해자 엄지영 실명 보도에 "확인 시간 필요" |url=http://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2018022720384119061 |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=Star News |date=February 27, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref> As a result, Oh pulled out of his upcoming TV series ''[[My Mister]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jung |first1=An-ji |script-title=ko:[공식입장 전문]'나의 아저씨' 측 "오달수, 제작진과 협의 끝에 최종 하차 결정" |url=http://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201802280100244510018636&servicedate=20180227 |access-date=February 27, 2018 |work=Sports Chosun |date=February 27, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Oh Dal-soo belatedly admits to sexual abuse |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/culturesports/2018/02/28/52/0701000000AEN20180228010400315F.html |access-date=February 28, 2018 |work=Yonhap News |date=February 28, 2018}}</ref> However, all charges against Oh were dismissed following a police investigation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Choe |first1=Shin-ae |script-title=ko:오달수, '미투 논란' 1년반만에 독립영화로 복귀 "성추행 혐의없음 내사종결"(공식) |url=http://enews24.tving.com/news/article?nsID=1326777 |access-date=January 21, 2020 |work=enews24 |date=August 13, 2019 |language=ko}}</ref>
-[[File:Jo Min-gi from acrofan cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Jo Min-ki]], accused by several students of sexual assault, committed suicide following the allegations.]]
-Also on February 22, 2018, students in Cheongju University in Korea divulged the long-time crimes of professor and actor, [[Jo Min-ki]]. At first, he denied his crimes and dismissed them as rumors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actor denies allegations of sexual assault |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/search1/2603000000.html?cid=AEN20180220006400315 |access-date=March 2, 2018 |work=Yonhap News |date=February 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jo Min-ki denies abuse allegations |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3044728 |access-date=March 2, 2018 |work=Korean JoongAng Daily |date=February 21, 2018}}</ref> However, as many other students, including fellow male students accusing him of such exploitation, he admitted to the allegations and apologized publicly.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/culturesports/2018/02/21/0701000000AEN20180221005300315.html |title=Actor Jo Min-ki drops out of new drama amid sexual abuse allegations |work=Yonhap News |access-date=May 24, 2018 |date=February 21, 2018}}</ref> It was confirmed that Jo would be investigated by the police.<ref>{{cite news |title=Police book actor Jo Min-ki over string of sexual abuse allegations |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/search1/2603000000.html?cid=AEN20180227010700315 |access-date=March 2, 2018 |work=Yonhap News |date=February 27, 2018}}</ref> On March 9, 2018, Jo committed suicide following his scandal,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2018/03/251_245399.html |title=[BREAKING] #MeToo-hit actor Jo Min-ki found dead in apparent suicide |work=[[The Korea Times]] |access-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2018/03/09/0200000000AKR20180309148900004.HTML?input=1195m |script-title=ko:'미투 가해자 의혹' 조민기, 광진구서 숨진 채 발견(1보) |work=Yonhap News|access-date=March 9, 2018 |language=ko}}</ref> which triggered backlash against the Me Too movement in South Korea.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ryall |first=Julian |title=South Korean actor's suicide triggers backlash against #MeToo |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/12/actors-suicide-triggers-backlash-against-metoo-movement-south/ |access-date=March 12, 2018 |work=The Telegraph |date=March 12, 2018}}</ref>
-On February 23, 2018, actress Choi Yul accused actor [[Cho Jae-hyun]] of assaulting her sexually.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/kwave/2018/02/23/3001000000AEN20180223007500315.html |title=Two popular actors embroiled in sexual abuse allegations |date=February 23, 2018 |agency=Yonhap News Agency |access-date=May 24, 2018}}</ref> On February 24, Cho acknowledged the accusations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2018/02/24/0200000000AEN20180224005351320.html |title=(LEAD) Veteran actor Cho Jae-hyun apologizes to sexual abuse victims |date=February 24, 2018 |agency=Yonhap News Agency |access-date=May 24, 2018}}</ref>
-On February 28, 2018, [[Ko Un]], one of South Korea's most iconic and prominent poets and frequently mentioned [[Nobel laureate]] shortlist candidate, was also accused of sexual assault. First reported by the [[Dong-A Ilbo]], poet [[Choi Young-mi]]'s poem 'The Beast' suggests sexual assault by Ko approximately 20 years ago. The poem did not explicitly mention Ko, but the details of the frequently mentioned "En", which bears similarities to Ko's name – Ko Un – highly matches the accused poet's past.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kang |first=Hyun-kyung |title=Ko Un – why it took so long for his sexual misconduct to be revealed |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2018/03/142_244951.html |work=The Korea Times |date=March 1, 2018}}</ref> It also confirms the constant rumors and allegations that have been circulating in the past years that Ko has been using his privilege as a prominent poet to gain sexual advances and favors. As a result, Ko was pulled from textbooks and critically denounced by fellow literaries alike. Ko also resigned from various posts that he held, including his professorship at [[KAIST]]. On March 2, 2018 Ko offered his statement to [[The Guardian]] through UK publishers Bloodaxe Books, writing that "he had ‘done nothing which might bring shame on my wife or myself."<ref>{{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Poet Ko Un erased from Korean textbooks after sexual harassment claims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/mar/02/ko-un-korea-sexual-harassment-claims |work=The Guardian |date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> Despite the denial, more allegations are emerging against Ko.
-As more public figures are denounced across society, there has been an increased number of celebrities accused of unwanted sexual advances and activities in the Korean television and cinematic industries, including [[Choi Il-hwa]] and [[Kim Heung-gook]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Steger |first1=Isabella |title=South Korea's #MeToo movement just got started |url=https://qz.com/1192495/south-koreas-metoo-movement-civil-servant-accuses-government-official-of-sexual-harassment-in-television-interview/ |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130124413/https://qz.com/1192495/south-koreas-metoo-movement-civil-servant-accuses-government-official-of-sexual-harassment-in-television-interview/ |archive-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/the-metoo-movement-finally-arrives-in-south-korea/ |title=The #MeToo Movement Finally Arrives in South Korea |first=Justin |last=Fendos |magazine=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Shim |first=Sun-ah |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2018/02/27/0302000000AEN20180227011300315.html |title=(Yonhap Feature) One month into South Korea's MeToo movement ... who's next? |work=Yonhap News |access-date=May 24, 2018 |date=February 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Herman |first=Tamar |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8216864/metoo-south-korea-movement |title=#MeToo Begins to Gain Traction in South Korea's Entertainment World |work=Billboard |access-date=May 24, 2018 |date=February 26, 2018}}</ref>
-On March 5, 2018, prominent [[Democratic Party of Korea]] presidential contender and former Chungcheongnam-do province Governor [[Ahn Hee-jung]] resigned from the governorship and announced his retirement from public service, as his former secretary Kim Ji-eun accused him of multiple cases of sexual assault.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3045264 |title=South Chungcheong Gov. An Hee-jung resigns for raping secretary |website=Korea JoongAng Daily|access-date=March 6, 2018}}</ref> She claims that Ahn assaulted her multiple times and said that there is more than one victim inside the Governor's office. Ahn admitted about his sexual activity to his former secretary and apologized, however claimed that it was consensual. He was expelled from his party on the same day.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180305000901 |title=S. Chungcheong Governor An to step down after rape allegations |last=Herald |first=The Korea |date=March 5, 2018|access-date=March 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=민주, 수행비서 성폭행 의혹 안희정 출당·제명 결정(종합) |url=http://news.naver.com/main/hotissue/read.nhn?oid=421&iid=37027591&sid1=102&aid=0003240900&mid=hot&viewType=pc&cid=1077043&nh=20180305224342 |website=News1 |publisher=Naver |access-date=March 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ro |first=Eju |title=#MeToo breaks silence in South Korea |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2018/05/181_249368.html |access-date=May 24, 2018 |work=The Korean Times |date=May 23, 2018}}</ref>
-A female executive of Hyundai resigned due to the movement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-metoo-hyundai-motor/woman-executive-of-south-koreas-hyundai-motor-resigns-amid-metoo-wave-yonhap-idUSKCN1HA17O |title=Woman executive of South Korea's Hyundai Motor resigns amid #MeToo… |work=Reuters |author=Joyce Lee |editor= Clarence Fernandez |access-date=April 4, 2018}}</ref>
-In response to the support of the MeToo movement, Citizen's Action to Support the MeToo Movement was created in early 2018. It is a network of groups that work together to organize events and mass protests to support victims of sexual assault and the enactment of legal and societal reform in regards to the issue. Citizen's Action is responsible for various large scale protests and public speaking events.<ref name=":71" />
-=== Spain ===
-The Spanish-language counterpart is {{lang|es|#YoTambién}}. In Spain, on October 25 several Spanish actresses recognized in a report the existence of sexual harassment in Spanish cinema, among them {{lang|es|Maru Valdivieso|italic=no}}, {{lang|es|[[Aitana Sánchez-Gijón]]|italic=no}}, {{lang|es|Carla Hidalgo|italic=no}}, and {{lang|es|Ana Gracía|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elmundo.es/yodona/celebrities/2017/10/25/59f07b3d22601d7f7d8b4646.html |title=Varias actrices denuncian acoso en el cine español |last1=Alcelay |first1=Carlos |date=October 25, 2017 |newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |access-date=December 28, 2017 |last2=Escalona |first2=Maribel |language=es |trans-title=Several actresses denounce harassment in Spanish cinema |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203046/http://www.elmundo.es/yodona/celebrities/2017/10/25/59f07b3d22601d7f7d8b4646.html |archive-date=December 25, 2017}}</ref> Also explaining cases of harassment suffered by them were the actress, scriptwriter and film director {{lang|es|[[Leticia Dolera]]|italic=no}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodico.com/es/gente/20171026/leticia-dolera-abusos-sexuales-6380799 |title=Leticia Dolera, a su acosador: "Eres un cerdo" |date=October 26, 2017 |newspaper=El Periódico |access-date=December 28, 2017 |language=es|trans-title=Leticia Dolera, to her harasser: "You are a pig" |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102040238/http://www.elperiodico.com/es/gente/20171026/leticia-dolera-abusos-sexuales-6380799 |archive-date=November 2, 2017}}</ref> and {{lang|es|[[Bárbara Rey]]|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elespanol.com/corazon/famosos/20171027/257475022_0.html |title=El acoso sexual llega al cine español: estas son las actrices que lo denuncian |date=October 29, 2017 |newspaper=El Español |access-date=December 28, 2017 |language=es|trans-title=Sexual harassment reaches Spanish cinema: these are the actresses who denounce it |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225145032/https://www.elespanol.com/corazon/famosos/20171027/257475022_0.html |archive-date=December 25, 2017}}</ref> The Me Too movement found an echo in the ongoing uproar raised by [[La Manada sexual abuse case|La Manada case]], crystallizing in numerous protests across the country.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/spain-protests-wolfpack-rape-charges_us_5ae520bee4b04aa23f23a2af |title=Thousands Protest Across Spain After 5 Men Are Cleared of Gang Rape |last=Herreria |first=Carla |date=April 29, 2018 |work=HuffPost|access-date=November 23, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Sweden ===
-In Sweden, several women used the hashtag to confront television presenter {{lang|sv|[[Martin Timell]]|italic=no}}'s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.expressen.se/noje/anklagelserna-mot-tv4-stjarnan-martin-timell/ |title=Martin Timell anklagas för sexism och rasism under inspelningar av "Äntligen hemma" |website=Expressen |access-date=October 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019081952/https://www.expressen.se/noje/anklagelserna-mot-tv4-stjarnan-martin-timell/ |archive-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref> whose shows on TV4 were cancelled on October 20, 2017,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.expressen.se/noje/martin-timell-bryter-tystnaden-och-erkanner-/ |title=Timell bryter tystnaden och erkänner: "Är chockad över att jag gjort så mycket fel" |website=Expressen |access-date=October 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020140912/https://www.expressen.se/noje/martin-timell-bryter-tystnaden-och-erkanner-/ |archive-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thelocal.se/20171020/swedish-media-probe-sexual-offence-allegations |title=Swedish media probe sexual offence allegations |date=October 20, 2017 |website=The Local |access-date=October 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020124938/https://www.thelocal.se/20171020/swedish-media-probe-sexual-offence-allegations |archive-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref> and journalist {{lang|sv|[[Fredrik Virtanen]]|italic=no}}'s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/m7zGp/cissi-wallin-om-anklagelserna-mot-virtanen-bara-toppen-av-ett-isberg |title=Cissi Wallin om anklagelserna mot Virtanen: "Bara toppen av ett isberg" |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126102000/https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/m7zGp/cissi-wallin-om-anklagelserna-mot-virtanen-bara-toppen-av-ett-isberg |archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> who later got fired in his role as lead columnist at ''[[Aftonbladet]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://samtiden.nu/2017/10/virtanen-sparkas-fran-aftonbladets-ledarsida/ |title=Virtanen sparkas från Aftonbladets ledarsida |website=Samtiden |access-date=January 24, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904172707/https://samtiden.nu/2017/10/virtanen-sparkas-fran-aftonbladets-ledarsida/ |archive-date=September 4, 2019}}</ref> alleged abuse towards them. [[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf]], king of Sweden, said #MeToo is a positive movement that is good for society, and urged victims to come forward and share their stories.<ref name=":28" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thelocal.se/20171130/king-of-sweden-something-good-will-come-of-metoo/ |title=King of Sweden: 'Something good will come of #MeToo' |date=November 30, 2017 |access-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106173047/https://www.thelocal.se/20171130/king-of-sweden-something-good-will-come-of-metoo/ |archive-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref>
-A major part of the Me Too debate in Sweden focused on the affair surrounding [[Jean-Claude Arnault]] that led to several members of the [[Swedish Academy]] leaving their positions and Arnault getting sentenced to prison for two sexual assaults.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/one-year-of-metoo-a-timeline-of-events/a-45763400 |title=One year of #MeToo: A timeline of events – DW – 15.10.2018 |first=Deutsche |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |website=DW.COM |access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/15/sweden-metoo-moment-nobel-prize-literature-swedish-academy-scandal |title=Scandal in Sweden: Nobel prize for literature faces #MeToo moment |first=Björn |last=Wiman |date=April 15, 2018 |access-date=January 20, 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |title=Jean-Claude Arnault, man at centre of Nobel scandal, jailed for rape |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/01/jean-claude-arnault-centre-nobel-scandal-jailed-rape |access-date=2 February 2021 |publisher=The Guardian |date=1 October 2018}}</ref>
-Gender studies scholar {{lang|sv|[[Eva Lundgren]]|italic=no}} and legal scholar {{lang|sv|Jenny Westerstrand|italic=no}} wrote that the Swedish journalistic profession bore a large part of the blame in Sweden for the problems the Me Too debate had highlighted because Swedish journalists had systematically attacked critical discussion of and research on men's [[violence against women]] for over 20 years.<ref>[https://www.svd.se/journalistkaren-har-fortigit-mans-vald-mot-kvinnor Journalistkåren har förtigit mäns våld mot kvinnor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083952/https://www.svd.se/journalistkaren-har-fortigit-mans-vald-mot-kvinnor |date=January 27, 2018 }}, ''[[Svenska Dagbladet]]''</ref> Ellinor Skagegård in the Swedish newspaper {{lang|sv|[[Svenska Dagbladet]]|italic=yes}} wrote that during the Me Too campaign, it looks as if Lundgren was right in her research on men's violence against women.<ref>[https://www.svd.se/hennes-forskning-hanades--metoo-kan-ge-upprattelse Hennes forskning hånades – #metoo kan ge upprättelse] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083823/https://www.svd.se/hennes-forskning-hanades--metoo-kan-ge-upprattelse |date=January 27, 2018 }}, ''[[Svenska Dagbladet]]''</ref>
-=== Tunisia ===
-Tunisia's [[#EnaZeda]] movement (en: #MeToo) began when politician Zouheir Makhlouf was seen allegedly masturbating in a vehicle, whilst following a schoolgirl home.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50558967|title='Masturbation photos' prompt Tunisia's #MeToo anger|last=Jawad|first=Rana|date=2019-12-01|access-date=2019-12-10|language=en-GB}}</ref> A Facebook group was set up in response to the purported incident, which has over 21,000 members. [[Najma Kousri]], one of the co-founders of the movement, praised the energy from social media as it has gathered huge amounts of testimony and provided support for survivors of sexual violence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/09/world/africa/tunisia-metoo.html|title=Tunisia's #MeToo Started Outside a High School. Will It End in Court?|last=Blaise|first=Lilia|date=2019-11-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-10|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-=== Turkey ===
-Following the murder of a university student named [[Murder of Pınar Gültekin|Pınar Gültekin]] by her boyfriend in July 2020, many celebrities and members of the public condemned domestic and sexual violence against women. A global [[Instagram]] hashtag campaign called [[ChallengeAccepted|#ChallengeAccepted]] was relaunched by a group of Turkish women in wake of her murder and many came out in support for the initiative worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What #ChallengeAccepted should be about: The story of 27-year-old Pinar Gültekin .|url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/lifestyle/smart-living/what-supernumberchallengeaccepted-should-be-about-the-story-of-27-year-old-pinar-g%C3%BCltekin/ar-BB17jcCN|access-date=July 29, 2020|work=MSN.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Burton|first=Bonnie|title=Women support women in 'Challenge Accepted' photo campaign on Instagram|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/challenge-accepted-women-support-women-in-viral-photo-campaign-on-instagram/|access-date=July 29, 2020|work=CNet}}</ref> In December 2020, novelist [[Hasan Ali Toptaş]] was accused of sexual misconduct by 20 women.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Çelik |first1=Ece |title=‘Edeb’i taciz ifşa oldu |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/edebi-taciz-ifsa-oldu-41683641 |publisher=[[Hürriyet]] |access-date=December 9, 2020 |date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> Inspired by the Me Too movement, many women later expressed solidarity with the victims. The publication house responsible for publishing his works cut all ties with him, and the city of [[Mersin]] revoked the Literature Award that had been given to him.<ref>{{cite web |title=Everest Yayınları: Kadının beyanı esastır |url=https://bianet.org/kadin/erkek-siddeti/235756-everest-yayinlari-kadinin-beyani-esastir |publisher=Bianet |access-date=December 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mersin, Hasan Ali Toptaş’a verdiği ödülü geri alıyor |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/mersin-hasan-ali-toptasa-verdigi-odulu-geri-aliyor-1797596 |publisher=Cumhuriyet |access-date=December 10, 2020}}</ref>
-=== United Kingdom ===
-{{expand section|date=February 2018}}
-In the wake of #MeToo, a Labour activist shared her 2011 story of being raped by a senior person in the Labour Party, but being warned that her career could be damaged if she reported the incident.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-41821671 |title=Activist 'warned' about pursuing rape claim |date=October 31, 2017 |work=BBC News|access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106134746/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-41821671 |archive-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> In the UK, the [[Cabinet Office]] has launched an investigation in allegations that Parliament member [[Mark Garnier]] ordered a secretary to buy sex toys for his wife and mistress.<ref name="Wootson">{{cite web |last1=Wootson Jr |first1=Cleve R. |title=A British minister admits he made his secretary buy sex toys as #MeToo hits Parliament |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/10/29/a-british-minister-admits-he-made-his-secretary-buy-sex-toys-as-metoo-hits-parliament/ |access-date=October 29, 2017 |website=The Washington Post |date=October 29, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103143655/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/10/29/a-british-minister-admits-he-made-his-secretary-buy-sex-toys-as-metoo-hits-parliament/ |archive-date=November 3, 2017}}</ref>
-A series of allegations concerning the involvement of British politicians in cases of [[sexual harassment]] and [[sexual assault|assault]] arose in October and November 2017, the [[2017 Westminster sexual scandals]]. Allegations were prompted by discussions among junior staff employed in the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]] at Westminster following the [[Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations]] in Hollywood earlier in October, and the subsequent rise of Me Too. The journalists [[Jane Merrick]] and Kate Maltby made allegations against the Defence Minister [[Michael Fallon]] and de facto Deputy Prime Minister [[Damian Green]], respectively. These led to the departures of both from Theresa May's cabinet, the latter after a two-month inquiry that also considered allegations that Green had lied about copious amounts of pornography found on his parliamentary computer. Both Merrick and Maltby cited the #MeToo movement as inspiring their allegations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/01/britains-metoo-movement-is-uncovering-a-culture-of-rampant-sexism-and-harassment-in-londons-corridors-of-power.html |title=That Charity Dinner Was Just the Tip of the Iceberg of the British Elite's Culture of Sexism and Harassment |first=Julia |last=Rampen |website=Slate}}</ref>
-Rape statistics (2016–2017) from Rape Crisis Centers across England and Wales unfolds that every year, about 85,000 women and 12,000 men become victims of rape.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323816747 |title=# metoo movement: An awareness campaign |website=ResearchGate|access-date=November 28, 2018}}</ref>
-In January 2018, [[Channel 4 News]]'s [[Cathy Newman]] conducted an interview on Canadian professor of psychology [[Jordan Peterson]].<ref>"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMcjxSThD54 Jordan Peterson debate on the gender pay gap, campus protests and postmodernism]", [[Channel 4 News]]'s YouTube channel, January 16, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</ref> Newman was criticized for the interview and Rachael Revesz of ''[[The Independent]]'' wrote that subsequent abuse targeted at Newman was a symbol of a backlash against the MeToo movement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/cathy-newman-abuse-channel-4-jordan-peterson-metoo-backlash-latest-a8170031.html |title=Misogynistic abuse against Cathy Newman is a symbol of the backlash against the MeToo movement |last=Revesz |first=Rachael |date=January 21, 2018 |website=The Independent |access-date=February 7, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208005853/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/cathy-newman-abuse-channel-4-jordan-peterson-metoo-backlash-latest-a8170031.html |archive-date=February 8, 2018}}</ref>
-In the UK, British celebrities such as [[Emma Watson]], [[Jodie Whittaker]], and [[Keira Knightley]] came together and donated one million euros to give to sexually harassed victims.<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 11, 2018|title=#MeToo: UK stars give £1m to sexual harassment victims|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-45818699|access-date=November 17, 2020}}</ref>
-==#HimToo==
-{{Main|Him Too movement}}
-{{contradicts other|Him Too movement|there|Contradiction in HimToo uses|section|date=January 2019}}
-The related hashtag [[Him Too movement|#HimToo]] emerged in popularity with the #MeToo movement. Although dating back to at least 2015, and initially associated with politics or casual communication, #HimToo took on new meanings associated with #MeToo in 2017, with some using it to emphasize male victims of sexual harassment and abuse, and others using it to emphasize male perpetrators. In September and October 2018, during the [[Sexual assault allegations against Brett Kavanaugh|sexual assault allegations raised during Brett Kavanaugh's nomination]] to the U.S. Supreme Court, #HimToo became used by supporters of Kavanaugh and to highlight male victims of false accusations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Morris |first1=Amanda |title=#HimToo: Left And Right Embrace Opposing Takes On Same Hashtag |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/10/11/656293787/-himtoo-left-and-right-embrace-opposing-takes-on-same-hashtag |publisher=NPR |date=October 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ellis |first1=Emma Grey |title=How #HimToo Became the Tagline of the Men's Rights Movement |url=https://www.wired.com/story/brett-kavanaugh-hearings-himtoo-metoo-christine-blasey-ford/ |website=WIRED |date=September 27, 2018}}</ref>
-In January 2019, a [[tertiary institution]]'s lecturer from Hong Kong also came out in the spotlight to announce his establishment of a [[support group]] aimed at "gathering all men who have suffered from false allegations of sexual crimes to speak out" in an interview by [[Apple Daily|a local newspaper]]. He claimed that he was a victim of this movement, which he considered as "encouraging unethical females to frame males they hate, who, under conventional stereotypes, are usually assumed to hold indecent urge for women". He did add that he "was not opposed to this movement", but was concerned about its "abuses that could ruin the life of many innocent men".<ref>{{cite news |title=【MeToo無辜男】召集被屈同路人伸冤 前大專講師：唔敢再望女人 |date=January 13, 2019 |newspaper=Apple Daily |url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20190113/59134252}}</ref>
-== Criticism ==
-=== False accusations ===
-There has been discussion about the extent to which accusers should be believed before [[fact-checking]]. Some have questioned whether the accused are being punished without [[due process]] confirming their guilt.<ref name="NYToo">{{cite news |last1=Stephens |first1=Bret |title=When #MeToo goes too far |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/opinion/metoo-damon-too-far.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224143440/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/opinion/metoo-damon-too-far.html |archive-date=December 24, 2017 |date=December 20, 2017 |access-date=December 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web |last1=Cromwell |first1=Michael |title=#MeToo movement goes too far |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-op-1220-metoo-toofar-20171219-story.html |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225045317/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-op-1220-metoo-toofar-20171219-story.html |archive-date=December 25, 2017 |date=December 19, 2017 |access-date=December 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="WeekAmok">{{cite web |last1=Dalmia |first1=Shikha |title=Opinion {{!}} #MeToo run amok |url=https://theweek.com/articles/744065/metoo-run-amok |website=[[The Week]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229112255/http://theweek.com/articles/744065/metoo-run-amok |archive-date=December 29, 2017 | date = December 20, 2017 |access-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref>
-Many commentators have responded that the number of [[false accusation of rape|false reports]] is expected to be low, citing figures obtained by the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] and other organizations that have generally found that around 2-10% of rape and sexual assault allegations reported to police are determined to be false after a thorough investigation. However, the 2–10% figure does not include cases in which it cannot be established if the accused is innocent or guilty, nor does it include allegations that are never reported to law enforcement.<ref name="Kay 2018">{{cite web |last=Kay |first=Katty |title=The truth about false assault accusations |work=BBC News |date=September 18, 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45565684 |access-date=November 15, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Lisak Gardinier Nicksa Cote 2010 pp. 1318–1334">{{cite journal |last1=Lisak |first1=David |last2=Gardinier |first2=Lori |last3=Nicksa |first3=Sarah C. |last4=Cote |first4=Ashley M. |title=False Allegations of Sexual Assault: An Analysis of Ten Years of Reported Cases |journal=Violence Against Women |volume=16 |issue=12 |year=2010 |issn=1077-8012 |doi=10.1177/1077801210387747 |pmid=21164210 |pages=1318–1334 |s2cid=15377916 |url-access=subscription |url=https://icdv.idaho.gov/conference/handouts/False-Allegations.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212182451/https://icdv.idaho.gov/conference/handouts/False-Allegations.pdf |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-A February 2005 study by the UK [[Home Office]] that compiled data on 2,284 reported rape cases found that from a set of 216 rape cases later found to be false, only six led to arrests and only two involved charges being filed.<ref>Kelly, Liz; Lovett, Jo; Regan, Linda (February 2005). [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100408125722/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hors293.pdf "Home Office Research Study 293: A gap or a chasm? Attrition in reported rape cases"]. [[Home Office]] Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archive]] ([[Kew, London]], London). Retrieved October 10, 2018.</ref><ref name=Quartz>{{cite web |last=Newman |first=Sandra |url=https://qz.com/980766/the-truth-about-false-rape-accusations/ |title=What kind of person makes false rape accusations? |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=May 11, 2017 |access-date=October 10, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024232649/https://qz.com/980766/the-truth-about-false-rape-accusations/ |archive-date=October 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name=Elle>{{cite web |last=Doyle |first=Sady |title=Despite What You May Have Heard, 'Believe Women' Has Never Meant 'Ignore Facts' |url=http://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a13977980/me-too-movement-false-accusations-believe-women/ |date=November 29, 2017 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |access-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104215115/http://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a13977980/me-too-movement-false-accusations-believe-women/ |archive-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref> [[Elle (magazine)|''Elle'']] writer [[Sady Doyle]] commented that another hashtag, #BelieveWomen, was not a threat to due process but a commitment to "recognize that false allegations are less common than real ones".<ref name=Elle/> Jennifer Wright of ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'' proposed a similar definition of #BelieveWomen and pointed out ''[[The Washington Post]]''{{'s}} ability to quickly identify a false accusation set up by [[Project Veritas]]. She also stated that only 52 rape convictions being overturned in the United States since 1989, as opposed to 790 for murder, was strong evidence that at least 90% of rape allegations are true.<ref name=Quartz/><ref name=":18"/> [[Michelle Malkin]] expressed a suspicion that many stories in the #MeToo movement would be exaggerated and accused news outlets of focusing on "hashtag trends spread by celebrities, anonymous claimants and bots".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Malkin |first1=Michelle |title=Beware the rape allegation bandwagon |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2017/10/18/beware_the_rape_allegation_bandwagon_135291.html |publisher=[[RealClearPolitics]] |date=October 18, 2017 |access-date=December 26, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226130259/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2017/10/18/beware_the_rape_allegation_bandwagon_135291.html |archive-date=December 26, 2017}}</ref>
-On November 30, 2017, [[Ijeoma Oluo]] revealed the contents of a request she received from ''[[USA Today]]'', asking her to write a piece arguing that due process is unnecessary for sexual harassment allegations. She refused, saying "of course I believe in due process" and wrote that it was disingenuous for the paper to ask her "to be their strawman".<ref>{{cite web |last=Oluo |first=Ijeoma |title=Due process is needed for sexual harassment accusations – but for whom? |url=https://theestablishment.co/due-process-is-needed-for-sexual-harassment-accusations-but-for-whom-968e7c81e6d6 |date=November 30, 2017 |website=The Establishment |access-date=January 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104214912/https://theestablishment.co/due-process-is-needed-for-sexual-harassment-accusations-but-for-whom-968e7c81e6d6 |archive-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-During their 2001 divorce, model Donya Fiorentino accused actor [[Gary Oldman]] of perpetrating a [[Intimate partner violence|domestic assault]]—something he maintains never took place.<ref name="oldmanbbc">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-43315376|title=Gary Oldman's son defends father over abuse allegation|date=March 7, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> Following an extended investigation, Oldman was cleared of wrongdoing and awarded [[Sole custody|sole]] legal and physical [[child custody]];<ref name="deerwester">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/03/07/gary-oldmans-son-alleged-assault-against-ex-wife-didnt-happen/403303002/|title=Gary Oldman's son: Alleged assault against ex-wife 'didn't happen'|last=Deerwester|first=Jayme|date=March 7, 2018|website=USA Today|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/brutally-honest-oscar-ballot-call-me-by-your-name-is-wrong-post-got-spielberg-ized-1088406/item/honest-oscar-ballot-best-picture-1088401|title=Brutally Honest Oscar Ballot|last=Feinberg|first=Scott|date=February 27, 2018|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> Fiorentino received limited, [[supervised visitation|state-supervised]] [[Contact (law)|contact]] dependent on her passing drug and alcohol tests.<ref name="deerwester"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-gary-oldman-darkest-hour-oscars-20180214-story.html|title=Gary Oldman: 'One should never take for granted the sound of applause'|last=Whipp|first=Glenn|date=February 14, 2018|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> In early 2018, however, Fiorentino was granted media interviews in which to revive the assault allegation while referring to the Me Too movement.<ref name="oldmanbbc"/><ref name="deerwester"/> Her commentary coincided with Oldman's [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] win at the [[90th Academy Awards]] (for his performance in 2017's ''[[Darkest Hour (film)|Darkest Hour]]''), which was condemned by Twitter users and described by reporters as "disappointing",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrolli/2018/03/05/oscars-2018-gary-oldman-kobe-bryant/#6047c4795533|title=Oscars 2018: Gary Oldman And Kobe Bryant's Wins Are A Disappointing Step Back|last=Rolli|first=Bryan|date=March 5, 2018|website=Forbes|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> "a referendum on the structure of Hollywood",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/3/2/17058230/gary-oldman-oscars-domestic-violence-accusation|title=Gary Oldman just won the Oscar for Best Actor. He's also been accused of domestic violence.|last=Grady|first=Constance|date=March 5, 2018|website=Vox|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> and indicative of "how much Hollywood really cares about purging the industry's toxic men".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2018/03/05/why-gary-oldman-and-kobe-bryans-oscars-wins-were-tragic/394244002/|title=Why Gary Oldman's and Kobe Bryant's Oscar wins were tragic|last=McDermott|first=Maeve|date=March 5, 2018|website=USA Today|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> Fiorentino and Oldman's son, Gulliver, lambasted "so-called 'journalists' " for perpetuating a claim that was "discredited as false years ago". He expressed trepidation about defending an accused male in the face of Me Too, saying, "I can see how coming out with a statement to combat an allegation must look. However, I was there at the time of the 'incident'."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gary-oldmans-son-pens-open-letter-defending-father-domestic-abuse-claims-1092566|title=Gary Oldman's Son Pens Open Letter Defending Father From Domestic Abuse Claims|last1=Kilkenny|first1=Katie|last2=Galuppo|first2=Mia|date=March 6, 2018|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> Oldman's representative pointed to the 2001 courtroom outcome, accused Fiorentino of using Me Too as "convenient cover to further a personal vendetta", and requested that the press not allow the movement to be "misused as an instrument of harm to decent people by people with very bad intentions".<ref name="oldmanbbc"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/donya-fiorentino-gary-oldman-oscars/|title=Gary Oldman's Ex Accuses Oscars of 'Awarding Not One But Two Abusers'|last=Gonzalez|first=Umberto|date=March 5, 2018|website=[[TheWrap]]|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref>
-On September 21, 2018, President [[Donald Trump]] accused [[Dr. Christine Blasey Ford]] of making up her accusations against now Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, [[Brett Kavanaugh]], saying that if her story was true she would have filed a report against him when it had happened. This is a common argument against the MeToo movement and alleged sexual assault victims alike.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/9/24/17876302/brett-kavanaugh-christine-ford-hearing-me-too |title=Kavanaugh's hearing is a test of how much we care about sexual assault |last=Grady |first=Constance |date=September 27, 2018 |website=Vox}}</ref> On October 11, 2018, [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Melania Trump]] said that women who make accusations of sexual abuse against men should back their claims with solid evidence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/women-who-accuse-men-need-evidence-says-melania-trump-20181011-p508yf.html |title=Women who accuse men need evidence, says Melania Trump |last=Crilly |first=Rob |date=October 10, 2018 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=October 11, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Undefined purpose ===
-There has been discussion about whether the movement is meant to inspire change in all men or just a percentage of them, and what specific actions are the end goal of the movement.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-me-too-sexual-assault-wilhelm-1023-story.html |title=Where #MeToo goes off the rails |last1=Wilhelm |first1=Heather |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=December 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203103/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-me-too-sexual-assault-wilhelm-1023-story.html |archive-date=December 25, 2017 |date=October 23, 2017}}</ref> Other women have stated #MeToo should examine only the worst types of abuse in order to prevent casting all men as perpetrators, or causing people to become numb to the problem.<ref name="NYToo" /><ref name=":2" />
-Creator [[Tarana Burke]] has laid out specific goals for the #MeToo movement, including: processing all untested rape kits in the United States, investigating the vetting of teachers, better protecting children at school, updating sexual harassment policies, and improving training in workplaces, places of worship, and schools. She has stated that everyone in a community, including men and women, must act to make the #MeToo movement a success. She also supports the #MeToo Congress bill and hopes it will inspire similar legal changes in other parts of the country.<ref name=":5" />
-[[Samantha Geimer]], the victim of [[statutory rape]] by film director [[Roman Polanski]], said that "when it's used as a weapon to attack famous people or harm and demonize certain people I don't think that's ever what #MeToo was meant for and it's become kind of toxic and lost its value".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2020/04/08/news/alleged-victim-defends-polanski-and-criticises-opportunistic-protesters-1895362/|title=Alleged victim defends Polanski and criticises 'opportunistic' protesters|date=April 8, 2020|website=Irish News|access-date=April 18, 2020}}</ref>
-=== Overcorrection ===
-[[Richard Ackland]], a lawyer and award-winning journalist, described the response to [[defamation]] cases "an asphyxiating vortex of litigation".<ref>{{cite web |last=Ackland|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Ackland |title=#MeToo has led to an asphyxiating vortex of litigation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/metoo-has-led-to-an-asphyxiating-vortex-of-litigation |website=The Guardian |access-date=April 4, 2018 |date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
-There has been discussion on whether harsh consequences are warranted for particular examples of alleged misconduct.<ref name="NYToo" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name="WeekAmok" /> An especially divisive story broke on [[Babe.net]] on January 13, 2018, when an anonymous accuser detailed the events of her date with [[Aziz Ansari]] and referred to what transpired as "sexual assault". [[Jill Filipovic]] wrote for ''[[The Guardian]]'' that "it was only a matter of time before a publication did us the disservice of publishing a sensational story of a badly behaved man who was nonetheless not a sexual assailant".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/16/aziz-ansari-story-missed-opportunity |title=The poorly reported Aziz Ansari exposé was a missed opportunity |first=Jill |last=Filipovic |website=The Guardian |date=January 16, 2018 |access-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118012001/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/16/aziz-ansari-story-missed-opportunity |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/15/opinion/aziz-ansari-babe-sexual-harassment.html |title=Aziz Ansari is Guilty. Of Not Being A Mind Reader |first=Bari |last=Weiss |website=The New York Times |date=January 15, 2018 |access-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118005114/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/15/opinion/aziz-ansari-babe-sexual-harassment.html |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/celebrities/aziz-ansari-story-sparks-heated-debate-over-metoo-movement/2018/01/18/05a0eb1a-fc0f-11e7-9b5d-bbf0da31214d_story.html |title=Has #MeToo Gone Too Far? Ansari Story Sparks Debate |first1=David |last1=Crary |first2=Tamara |last2=Lush |website=The Washington Post |date=January 18, 2018 |access-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119023654/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/celebrities/aziz-ansari-story-sparks-heated-debate-over-metoo-movement/2018/01/18/05a0eb1a-fc0f-11e7-9b5d-bbf0da31214d_story.html |archive-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> James Hamblin wrote for ''The Atlantic'' that, instead, these "stories of gray areas are exactly what [...] need to be told and discussed."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/01/this-is-not-a-sex-panic/550547/ |title=This Is Not a Sex Panic |last=Hamblin |first=James |work=The Atlantic|access-date=January 18, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>
-Some actors have admonished proponents of the movement for not distinguishing between different degrees of sexual misconduct. [[Matt Damon]] commented on the phenomenon in an interview, and later apologized, saying "the clearer signal to men and to younger people is, deny it. Because if you take responsibility for what you did, your life's going to get ruined."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/matt-damon-opens-harvey-weinstein-sexual-harassment-confidentiality/story?id=51792548 |title=Matt Damon opens up about Harvey Weinstein, sexual harassment and confidentiality agreements |first1=Alexa |last1=Valiente |first2=Angela |last2=Williams |publisher=ABC News |date=December 14, 2017 |access-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117213825/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/matt-damon-opens-harvey-weinstein-sexual-harassment-confidentiality/story?id=51792548 |archive-date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> Subsequently, [[Liam Neeson]] opined that some accused men, including [[Garrison Keillor]] and [[Dustin Hoffman]], had been treated unfairly.<ref name=Livsey13jan18>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/13/liam-neeson-says-harassment-allegations-have-become-a-witch-hunt |title=Liam Neeson says harassment allegations are now 'a witch hunt' |first=Anna |last=Livsey |website=The Guardian |date=January 13, 2018 |access-date=January 18, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117090819/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/13/liam-neeson-says-harassment-allegations-have-become-a-witch-hunt |archive-date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>
-Tarana Burke said in January 2018, "Those of us who do this work know that backlash is inevitable." While describing the backlash as carrying an underlying sentiment of fairness, she defended her movement as "not a witch hunt as people try to paint it". She stated that engaging with the cultural critique in #MeToo was more productive than calling for it to end or focusing on accused men who "haven't actually touched anybody".<ref name=":17" /> [[Ronan Farrow]], who published the Weinstein exposé in the [[The New Yorker|''New Yorker'']] that helped start the #MeToo resurgence (alongside ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' reporters [[Megan Twohey]] and [[Jodi Kantor]]), was asked in late December 2017 whether he thought the movement had "gone too far". Farrow called for a careful examination of each story to guard against false accusations but also recalled the alleged sexual abuse his sister Dylan Farrow claims she went through at the hands of his father [[Woody Allen]]. He stated that after decades of silence, "My feeling is that this is a net benefit to society and that all of the people, men, and women, pouring forward and saying 'me too' deserve this moment. I think you're right to say that we all have to be conscious of the risk of the pendulum swinging too far, but in general this is a very positive step."<ref name=Williams4jan18>{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Janice |url=http://www.newsweek.com/ronan-farrow-harvey-weinstein-metoo-755974 |title=Will innocent men become 'casualties' (sic) of #MeToo movement? |date=December 21, 2017 |website=[[Newsweek]] |access-date=January 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104131421/http://www.newsweek.com/ronan-farrow-harvey-weinstein-metoo-755974 |archive-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref>
-[[Ijeoma Oluo]] spoke about how some Democrats have expressed regret over the resignation of Senator [[Al Franken]] due to allegations of sexual misconduct. She sympathized with them but stressed the importance of punishing misconduct regardless of whether the perpetrator is viewed as "a bad guy" overall. She wrote that "most abusers are more like Al Franken than [[Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations|Harvey Weinstein]]".<ref>{{cite web |last=Oluo |first=Ijeoma |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/al-franken-abused-women-should-resign-it-s-ok-admit-ncna827556 |title=Opinion {{!}} Al Franken harassed women and should resign. But it's OK to admit his loss hurts |publisher=[[NBC News]]|access-date=December 31, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231040521/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/al-franken-abused-women-should-resign-it-s-ok-admit-ncna827556|archive-date=December 31, 2017}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' has called this discussion the "Louis C.K. Conundrum", referring to the admission by comedian [[Louis C.K.]] that he committed sexual misconduct with five women, and the subsequent debate over whether any guilt should be associated with enjoyment of his work.<ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/27/arts/10-cultural-battles-that-ruled-2017.html |title=10 cultural battles that ruled 2017 |last=Schuessler |first=Jennifer |date=December 27, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 31, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230150102/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/27/arts/10-cultural-battles-that-ruled-2017.html |archive-date=December 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ryzik |first1=Melena |last2=Buckley |first2=Cara |last3=Kantor |first3=Jodi |url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/arts/television/louis-ck-sexual-misconduct.html |title=Louis C.K. is accused by 5 women of sexual misconduct |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2017 |access-date=December 31, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230131257/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/arts/television/louis-ck-sexual-misconduct.html |archive-date=December 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/louis-ck-former-manager-dave-becky-sexual-misconduct-scandal-what-i-did-was-wrong-1202207195/ |title=Ex Louis C.K. manager Dave Becky on scandal: "What I did was wrong" |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=November 13, 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=December 31, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171642/http://deadline.com/2017/11/louis-ck-former-manager-dave-becky-sexual-misconduct-scandal-what-i-did-was-wrong-1202207195/ |archive-date=December 28, 2017}}</ref> Jennifer Wright of ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'' has said that public fears of an overcorrection reflect the difficulty of accepting that "likeable men can abuse women too".<ref name=":18">{{cite web |last=Wright |first=Jennifer |url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/politics/a13091573/backlash-metoo-movement/ |title=The backlash to believing women has begun |date=November 30, 2017 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar]] |access-date=January 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180406/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/politics/a13091573/backlash-metoo-movement/ |archive-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref>
-A 2019 [[LeanIn.Org]]/[[SurveyMonkey]] survey showed that 60 percent of male managers reported being "too nervous" of being accused of harassment when mentoring, socializing, or having one-on-one meetings with women in the workplace.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sheryl Sandberg: "Men need to step up" in workplaces, it's "not enough to not harass" women|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/video/sheryl-sandberg-men-need-to-step-up-in-workplaces-its-not-enough-to-not-harass-women/|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nypost.com/2019/05/17/men-are-afraid-to-mentor-women-after-metoo-and-it-hurts-us-all-study/ |title=Men are afraid to mentor women after #MeToo and it hurts us all: study |last=Bailey-Millado |first=Rob |date=2019-05-17 |website=New York Post |language=en|access-date=2019-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leanin.org/mentor-her|title=Now more than ever, men need to do more to support women.|website=Lean In|language=en|access-date=September 11, 2019}</ref>
-A 2019 study in the journal ''Organizational Dynamics'', published by [[Elsevier]], found that men are significantly more reluctant to interact with their female colleagues. Examples include 27 percent of men avoid one-on-one meetings with female co-workers, 21 percent of men said they would be reluctant to hire women for a job that would require close interaction (such as business travel), and 19 percent of men being reluctant to hire an attractive woman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/aug/29/men-women-workplace-study-harassment-harvard-metoo|title=Men now avoid women at work – another sign we're being punished for #MeToo {{!}} Arwa Mahdawi|last=Mahdawi|first=Arwa|date=2019-08-29|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-08-30|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hbr.org/2019/09/the-metoo-backlash|title=The #MeToo Backlash|date=2019-09-01|work=Harvard Business Review|access-date=2019-08-30|issue=September–October 2019|issn=0017-8012}}</ref>
-=== Possible trauma to victims ===
-The hashtag has been criticized for putting the responsibility of publicizing sexual harassment and abuse on those who experienced it, which could be re-[[Psychological trauma|traumatizing]].<ref name="Schlack">{{cite web |last=Wittes Schlack |first=Julie |title=Commentary {{!}} #MeToo flared but won't endure |url=http://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2017/10/18/metoo-flared-but-wont-endure-julie-wittes-schlack |website=[[WBUR-FM|wbur.org]] |publisher=NPR |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112446/http://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2017/10/18/metoo-flared-but-wont-endure-julie-wittes-schlack |archive-date=October 19, 2017 | date = October 18, 2017 |access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Gerson">{{cite web |last1=Gerson |first1=Jen |title=Jen Gerson: I mean no disrespect when I say that I have a problem with #MeToo |url=https://nationalpost.com/opinion/jen-gerson-the-problem-with-metoo-it-holds-the-wrong-people-responsible-for-sex-assault |website=[[National Post]] |access-date=October 19, 2017 |date=October 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=LaMotte |first=Sandee |title=#MeToo sexual assault stories trigger trauma for some |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/19/health/me-too-sexual-assault-stories-trigger-trauma/index.html |publisher=CNN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019201147/http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/19/health/me-too-sexual-assault-stories-trigger-trauma/index.html |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |date=October 19, 2017 |access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref> The hashtag has been criticized as inspiring fatigue and outrage, rather than emotionally dense communication.<ref name="Hempel">{{cite web |last1=Hempel |first1=Jessi |title=The problem with #MeToo and viral outrage {{!}} Backchannel|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-problem-with-me-too-and-viral-outrage/ |website=[[Wired.com|Wired]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018200714/https://www.wired.com/story/the-problem-with-me-too-and-viral-outrage/|archive-date=October 18, 2017 | date = October 18, 2017 |access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Charleston">{{cite web |last1=Charleston |first1=Libby-Jane |title=Why I'm not joining the #MeToo hashtag even though I was sexually harassed |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/libby-jane-charleston/why-im-not-joining-the-metoo-hashtag-even-though-i-was-sexually-harassed_a_23245315/ |website=[[HuffPost]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112043/http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/libby-jane-charleston/why-im-not-joining-the-metoo-hashtag-even-though-i-was-sexually-harassed_a_23245315/ |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |date=October 17, 2017 |access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref>
-[[Tony Robbins]] said he was "knocking victimhood" from the movement.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Perez |first1=Maria |title=Tony Robbins is being dragged on social media for his comments about the #MeToo movement |url=http://www.newsweek.com/tony-robbins-me-too-movement-twitter-video-pushes-woman-876458 |website=Newsweek |access-date=April 7, 2018 |date=April 7, 2018}}</ref> The motivational speaker was also scrutinized for comments he made criticizing the movement, implying that women are victimizing themselves to gain significance. He later apologized adding, "I need to get connected to the brave women of #MeToo."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/04/08/tony-robbins-suggested-metoo-was-about-victimhood-now-hes-apologizing/ |title=Tony Robbins suggested #MeToo was about 'victimhood.' Now he's apologizing. |last=Wang |first=Amy |date=April 9, 2018 |website=The Washington Post}}</ref>
-=== Exclusion of sex workers ===
-There have been many calls for the #MeToo movement to include [[sex workers]] and [[Sex trafficking|sex trafficking victims]].<ref name=":09">{{Cite journal |last1=Farley |first1=Melissa |last2=Education |first2=Prostitution Research and |year=2018 |title=#MeToo Must Include Prostitution |journal=Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.23860/dignity.2018.03.01.09 |issn=2472-4181|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/sex-trafficking-survivors-struggle-heard-metoo-era-article-1.3879514 |title=Sex trafficking survivors struggle to be heard in #MeToo era |work=Daily News |location=New York|access-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/metoo-moment-prostitutes-article-1.3665552 |title=We need a #metoo moment, but for prostitutes |work=Daily News |location=New York|access-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/5104951/sex-workers-me-too-movement/ |title='They Don't Want to Include Women Like Me.' Sex Workers Say They're Being Left Out of the #MeToo Movement |website=Time|access-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref> Although these women experience a higher rate of sexual harassment and assault than any other group of people, they are often seen in society as legitimate targets that deserve such acts against them.<ref name="Farleyint">{{cite web |url=https://www.trouw.nl/samenleving/-prostitutie-lijkt-op-het-klimaatprobleem-de-cijfers-zijn-er-waarom-ontkennen-we-ze-dan-~a5153b74/ |title=Prostitutie lijkt op het klimaatprobleem. De cijfers zijn er, waarom ontkennen we ze dan? |website=Trouw |language=nl|access-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref> Autumn Burris stated that prostitution is like "#MeToo on steroids" because the sexual harassment and assault described in #MeToo stories are frequent for women in prostitution.<ref name=":09" /> [[Melissa Farley]] argues that prostitution, even when consensual, can be a form of sexual assault, as it can be for money for food or similar items, thus, at least according to Farley, making prostitution a forced lifestyle relying on coercions for food.<ref name="Farleyint"/> Many sex workers disagree with her stance, saying that she stigmatizes prostitution.<ref name="Farleyreact">{{cite news |url=https://www.trouw.nl/samenleving/sekswerkers-boos-op-de-balie-farley-vergroot-stigma~a6214bae/ |title=Sekswerkers boos op De Balie: Farley vergroot stigma |first=Rianne |last=Oosterom |date=November 8, 2017|access-date=July 13, 2018 |work=Trouw |language=nl}}</ref>
-American journalist [[Steven Thrasher]] noted that, "There has been worry that the #MeToo movement could lead to a sex panic. But the real sex panic is not due to feminism run amok, but due to the patriarchal, homophobic, transantagonistic, theocratic desire of the US Congress to control sex workers." He points to 2018 [[Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act]] (SESTA), which many experts say will only put sex workers at further risk by causing them to go underground, does not offer sex workers any help or protections, and as a side effect prevents most people from using online personal ads regardless of their intentions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/29/sexual-freedom-fosta-sosta |title=Sexual freedom is at risk from these damning new bills passed by Congress {{!}} Steven W Thrasher|last=Thrasher|first=Steven W.|date=March 29, 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref>
-British filmmaker Bizhan Tong, a figure involved in various gender equality initiatives, wrote, directed, and self-funded feature film ''The Escort''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt5893100/|title=The Escort|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> after conducting a series of interviews with current and former sex workers in a direct attempt to lend a platform for their voices to be heard.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beckybeach.net/the-arts/film-reviews/bizhan-tong-interview-by-jason-palmer/|title=Bizhan Tong Interview by Jason Palmer|first=Jason|last=Palmer|date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The film was shot in 2017 and completed in 2018, premiering in New York in August that year, and receiving several awards across the globe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt5893100/awards|title=The Escort - IMDb|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> It is currently being adapted for the stage.
-=== Failure to address police misconduct ===
-Despite the prevalence{{where?|date=October 2018}} of sexual misconduct, some have pointed out the lack of discussion in the #MeToo movement regarding law-enforcement misconduct.<ref name=":55">{{Cite news |url=http://www.newsweek.com/metoo-ignore-police-sexual-misconduct-757033 |title=Why aren't we talking about sexual misconduct by police? {{!}} Opinion|date= December 22, 2017|work= Newsweek|access-date= April 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":56">{{Cite news |url=https://verysmartbrothas.theroot.com/copstoo-when-police-officers-use-sexual-assault-to-te-1823081788 |title=#CopsToo: When Police Officers Use Sexual Assault to Terrorize Vulnerable Communities |last=Butler |first=Danielle |work=Very Smart Brothas|access-date= April 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://thefreethoughtproject.com/police-sexual-misconduct-metoo/ |title=As Hollywood & Politicians Get Spotlight, Why Has Police Sexual Abuse Escaped #MeToo Movement? |date=December 25, 2017 |work=The Free Thought Project|access-date= April 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":57">
-{{cite web |url=https://thecrimereport.org/2018/01/30/invisible-no-more-the-other-women-metoo-needs-to-defend/ |title='Invisible No More:' The Other Women #MeToo Should Defend {{!}} The Crime ReportThe Crime Report
- |website= thecrimereport.org|access-date= April 7, 2018
-}}
-</ref>
-Police sexual misconduct disproportionately affects women of color, though women from all walks of life are affected.<ref name=":57" /> The [[Cato Institute]] reported that in 2010, more than 9% of police misconduct reports in 2010 involved sexual abuse, and there are multiple indications that "sexual assault rates are significantly higher for police when compared to the general population."<ref name=":56" /> Fear of retribution is considered{{by whom|date=October 2018}} one reason some law-enforcement officers are not subjected to significant consequences for known misconduct.<ref name=":55" /> Police-reform activist Roger Goldman stated that an officer who is fired for sexual misconduct from one police department often gets rehired by a different department, where they can continue the misconduct in a new environment.<ref name=":55" /> Some states (such as Florida and Georgia) have licensing laws that can decertify a law-enforcement officer who has committed major misconduct, which prevents decertified officers from being hired again in that state.<ref name=":55" /> Some have called for sexual misconduct allegations against police to be investigated by third parties to reduce bias (as opposed to the common practice of investigations being led by fellow law-enforcement officers or colleagues in the same department).<ref name=":57" />
-=== Lack of representation of minority women ===
-Many have pointed to a lack of representation of minority women in the #MeToo movement or its leadership.<ref name=":35">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theroot.com/these-are-the-women-of-color-who-fought-both-sexism-and-1823720002 |title=These Are the Women of Color Who Fought Both Sexism and the Racism of White Feminists |last=Branigin |first=Anne |work=The Root|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":48">{{cite web |url=https://qz.com/1150028/gloria-steinem-on-metoo-black-women-have-always-been-more-feminist-than-white-women/ |title=Gloria Steinem on #MeToo: Black women have always been more feminist than white women — Quartz |last=Fessler |first=Leah |website=Quartz|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":49">{{Cite news |url=https://work.qz.com/1147950/metoo-hijacked-black-womens-work-on-race-and-gender-equality/ |title=#MeToo hijacked black women's work on race and gender equality |work=Quartz at Work|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":50">{{Cite news |url=http://valleyadvocate.com/2018/01/31/metoo-black-women-periphery-movement/ |title=#MeToo? Black Women on the Periphery of a Movement |date=January 31, 2018 |work=Valley Advocate|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":51">{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/opinion-morales-metoo-black-brown-women_us_5a833de2e4b0cf06751f4396 |title=The Invisible Victims Of #MeToo |last=Morales |first=Valerie |date=February 14, 2018 |work=HuffPost|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/11/the-glaring-blind-spot-of-the-me-too-movement/546458/ |title=The Glaring Blind Spot of the 'Me Too' Movement |last=White |first=Gillian B. |work=The Atlantic|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref> Most historical feminist movements have contained active elements of racism, and have typically ignored the needs of non-white women<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Onwuachi-Willig |first1=Angela |author-link=Angela Onwuachi-Willig |title=What About #UsToo?: The Invisibility of Race in the #MeToo Movement |journal=The Yale Law Journal Forum |date=18 June 2018 |volume=128 |page=107 |url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1331&context=faculty_scholarship |access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref> even though minority women are more likely to be targets of sexual harassment.<ref name=":35" /><ref name=":48" /><ref name=":49" /><ref name=":50" /><ref name=":51" />
-Minority women are overrepresented in industries with the greatest number of sexual harassment claims, for example hotels, health, food services, and retail.<ref name=":49" /> It has been pointed out that undocumented minority women often have no recourse if they're experiencing sexual violence.<ref name=":54">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/hollywood-having-metoo-moment-women-color-have-fought-battle-decades-n841121 |title=Hollywood is having a #MeToo moment. Minority women have fought this battle for decades. |publisher=NBC News|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref> Activist [[Charlene Carruthers]] said, "If wealthy, highly visible women in news and entertainment are sexually harassed, assaulted and raped—what do we think is happening to women in retail, food service and domestic work?"<ref name=":49" />
-Former victim [[Farah Tanis]] stated there are also additional barriers for black women who want to participate in the #MeToo movement. She pointed out that social pressure discourages reports against black men, especially from church and family, because many would view that as a betrayal against their "brothers."<ref name=":54" /> Additionally, black women are less likely to be believed if they do speak out.<ref name=":54" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/black-women-metoo-antirape-movement#9 |title=There Is No #MeToo Without Black Women |work=Healthline|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref>
-Some have argued that the American judicial system acknowledges the term "sexual harassment" only because of successful sexual harassment lawsuits by three black women: [[Diane R. Williams|Diane Williams]] and Paulette Barnes against the US government, and Mechelle Vinson against a bank.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/sexual-harassment-law-was-shaped-by-the-battles-of-black-women/ |title=Sexual Harassment Law Was Shaped by the Battles of Black Women |last=Lipsitz |first=Raina |date=October 20, 2017 |work=The Nation|access-date=April 7, 2018 |issn=0027-8378}}</ref> Vinson's case of [[Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson]] led to the unanimous 1986 Supreme Court decision that sexual harassment violates the [[Civil Rights Act]].<ref name=":48" /><ref name=":49" /> Black law professor [[Anita Hill]] again brought sexual harassment to public discourse in 1991 with her testimony against Supreme Court nominee [[Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination|Clarence Thomas]].<ref name=":48" /><ref name=":49" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/27/560231232/women-are-speaking-up-about-harassment-and-abuse-but-why-now |title=Women Are Speaking Up About Harassment And Abuse, But Why Now? |publisher=NPR|access-date=April 7, 2018}}</ref>
-Tarana Burke initially criticized the movement for ignoring the work of black women in creating dialogue addressing sexual assault. However, she did salute those who partook in the movement and credited Milano for acknowledging Burke's own similar movement.<ref name="Hill">{{cite web |url=http://www.ebony.com/news-views/black-woman-me-too-movement-tarana-burke-alyssa-milano |title=Black woman Tarana Burke founded the 'Me Too' movement |last=Hill |first=Zahara |date=October 16, 2017 |website=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |access-date=October 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017035553/http://www.ebony.com/news-views/black-woman-me-too-movement-tarana-burke-alyssa-milano |archive-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> As well as this, she pleaded to black women not to drop out of the movement just because the media isn't listening saying "This is your movement, too."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/tarana-burke-tells-black-women-me-too-is-your-movement-too_us_5b967c8fe4b0162f472f65f6 |title=Tarana Burke Tells Black Women Me Too Is 'Your Movement, Too' |last=Vagianos |first=Alanna |date=September 10, 2018 }}</ref>
-American feminist and journalist [[Gloria Steinem]] said there is a blind spot surrounding [[intersectionality]] between race and gender, and a major problem with today's feminists is they are not acknowledging "that women of color in general—and especially black women—have always been more likely to be feminist than white women."<ref name=":35" /> Steinem argues that #MeToo could never have happened without the work of these women, and women in the #MeToo movement have a responsibility: "If you have more power, remember to listen as much as you talk. And if you have less power, remember to talk as much as you listen."<ref name=":48" />
-=== Overemphasis on specific cases ===
-The #MeToo movement has been criticized for putting too much public focus on the consequences of specific individuals who have been accused of sexual misconduct, as opposed to discussing policies and changes to institutional norms that would help people currently experiencing sexual abuse.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/6-perspectives-on-the-future-of-metoo/ |title=6 Perspectives on the Future of #MeToo |last1=Fonda |first1=Jane |date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Nation |access-date=February 1, 2018 |last2=Covert |first2=Bryce |issn=0027-8378 |last3=Pollitt |first3=Katha |last4=Meyerson |first4=Collier |last5=Lipsitz |first5=Raina |last6=Walsh |first6=Joan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131001011/https://www.thenation.com/article/6-perspectives-on-the-future-of-metoo/ |archive-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref> It's been noted that although allegations surrounding high-profile public figures tend to attract the most attention, the stories of regular workers often go unacknowledged.<ref name=":65" /> Yet to ensure meaningful change, these workers’ experiences must be at the center of any policy solutions that lawmakers pursue. Tarana Burke has voiced similar misgivings, pointing out one problematic aspect of #MeToo is "All of this media attention is on the perpetrator. All of the conversation about fairness and due process is focused on the perpetrator." She states the movement should focus on specific steps to help current and future sufferers.<ref name=":173">{{cite web |url=http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/me-too-creator-tarana-burke-reminds-us-this-is-about-black-and-brown-survivors-20180104 |title=Me Too creator Tarana Burke reminds us this is about Black and Brown survivors |last=Jeffries |first=Zenobia |date=January 4, 2018 |website=[[Yes! (U.S. magazine)|YES! Magazine]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063721/http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/me-too-creator-tarana-burke-reminds-us-this-is-about-black-and-brown-survivors-20180104 |archive-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref> Activist and writer [[Jaclyn Friedman]] said, "We’ve got to stop treating each case that comes to light like a self-contained soap opera that ends when the villain is defeated, and start addressing the systems that have enabled workplace sexual abuse for so long."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/05/us/the-metoo-moment-whats-next.html |title=The #MeToo Moment: What's Next? |last=Bennett |first=Jessica |year=2018 |work=The New York Times |access-date=February 2, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201221123/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/05/us/the-metoo-moment-whats-next.html |archive-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> Writer [[Jia Tolentino]] has stated that it is natural to focus on the individual stories because they are "gripping and horrible", but determining the best workplace changes "doesn't have a ton to do with the specific investigation and adjudication of men that have already done this".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/01/new-yorker-staff-writer-jia-tolentino-on-metoo-critiques-and-writing-about-womens-issues.html |title=The New Yorker's Jia Tolentino on How We're Missing the Real Issue of #MeToo |last=Chotiner |first=Isaac |work=Slate |access-date=January 31, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130173724/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/01/new-yorker-staff-writer-jia-tolentino-on-metoo-critiques-and-writing-about-womens-issues.html |archive-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref>
-=== Disregard for incarcerated women ===
-[[Prisoners' rights]] are significantly limited and the power imbalance between female inmates and male officers allows and promotes [[prison rape]] and other forms of abuse.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/opinion-brown-me-too-women-prisons_us_5ac28e1de4b00fa46f854abf |title=Women in Prison Are Still Waiting For Their Me Too Moment |last=Brown |first=Kim |date=April 10, 2018 |work=HuffPost|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":67">{{cite web |url=https://www.aclu.org/other/words-prison-sexual-abuse-prison |title=Words From Prison: Sexual Abuse in Prison |website=American Civil Liberties Union|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":68">{{cite web |url=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2014/09/christina-piecora-female-inmates/ |title=Female Inmates and Sexual Assault |last=Piecora |first=Christina |website=jurist.org|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref> In addition, most [[Incarceration of women in the United States|women who are incarcerated]] for the murder of their [[Intimate partner violence|intimate partners]] acted in [[Self-defense|protection of themselves]].<ref name=":67" /><ref name=":68" /> Many people have criticized the prison system for punishing women who act in self-defense.<ref name=":69">{{cite web |url=https://rewire.news/article/2018/01/08/survivors-prison-rape-saying-isnt-option/ |title=For Survivors of Prison Rape, Saying 'Me Too' Isn't an Option |website=Rewire.News|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref> Others criticize the main outreach of the Me Too movement for failing to address the [[Prisoner abuse|systemic imprisonment of abused women and men]].<ref name=":69" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/09/20/when-prisoners-say-metoo |title=When Prisoners Say #MeToo |last=Project |first=Hokyoung Kim for The Marshall |date=September 21, 2018 |website=The Marshall Project|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/08/opinion/letters/female-prisoners-metoo.html |title=Opinion {{!}} Female Prisoners and #MeToo|date=October 8, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 19, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-==See also==
-* [[Believe women]]
-* [[2017–18 United States political sexual scandals]]
-* [[Hashtag activism]]
-* [[Call-out culture]]
-* [[Ele Não movement]]
-* [[Spasime movement]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
+{{reflist}}
-==External links==
-* {{Commons category-inline|MeToo (hashtag)}}
-{{Weinstein effect}}
-{{Portal bar|Feminism|Human sexuality|Internet|Society}}
-{{Sydney Peace Prize laureates}}
-{{Authority control}}
-[[Category:2017 in internet culture]]
-[[Category:2018 in internet culture]]
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-[[Category:Feminist movements and ideologies]]
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-[[Category:Internet-based activism]]
-[[Category:October 2017 events]]
-[[Category:Slogans]]
-[[Category:2017 neologisms]]
-[[Category:21st-century social movements]]
-[[Category:Sexual abuse]]
-[[Category:Child sexual abuse]]
-[[Category:Sexual harassment]]
-[[Category:Sexual misconduct allegations]]
-[[Category:Violence against children]]
-[[Category:Violence against men]]
-[[Category:Violence against women]]
-[[Category:2017 in women's history]]