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| {{Short description|Founder of Chandelas of Jejakabhukti (reigned c. 831-845)}} | | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} |
| | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}} |
| {{Infobox royalty | | {{Infobox royalty |
| | name = Chandravarman II | | | name = Nannuka |
| | title = '''Nṛpati, Mahipati''' | | | title = Nṛpati, Mahipati |
| | image =
| | | succession = Chandela king |
| | succession = Founder of Chandelas of [[Jejakabhukti]] | | | reign = c. 831-845 CE |
| | reign = 831-845 CE | | | successor = [[Vakpati (Chandela dynasty)|Vakpati]] |
| | predecessor = [[Satyavarman (Chandel ruler)|Satyavarman]]
| | | dynasty = [[Chandela]] |
| | successor = [[Vakpativarman(Chandela dynasty)|Vakpativarman]] | |
| | birth_date | |
| | birth_place =
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| | death_date =
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| | death_place =
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| | spouse = Aranya-Devi, ([[Raghuvanshi]] [[Princess]])
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| | spouses =
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| | spouse-type = Wife
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| | spouses-type = Wife
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| | issue = [[Vakpativarman(Chandela dynasty)|Vakpativarman]]
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| | full name = Srimant Chandravarman Deva Chandel
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| | native_lang1 = [[Sanskrit]]
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| | native_lang1_name1 = '''श्रीमन्मत् चन्द्रवर्मन देव चन्देल'''
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| | regnal name = Nannukavarman Deva
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| | house = [[Heheya Kingdom|Haihaya Yadava]], [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravansh]]
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| | father = [[Satyavarman (Chandel ruler)|Satyavarman]]
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| | mother = Indrani-Devi ([[Raghuvanshi|Ikshvaku]] [[princess]])
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| | religion = [[Vaishnavism]], [[Hinduism]]
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| | issue-type = Son
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| | dynasty = [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti|Chandel]]
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| }} | | }} |
| | '''Nannuka''' (r. c. 831-845 CE) was the founder of the [[Chandela]] dynasty of India.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=25}} He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region ([[Bundelkhand]] in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]]). |
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| '''Chandravarman II''' ([[Hindi]]: चन्द्रवर्मन चन्देल (द्वितीय), reign. 831–845 AD) also known as Nannuka varman, Different from earlier Chandel ruler [[Pramati Chandravarman I (Chandel ruler)|Pramati Chandravarman I]]). He was the ruler of the [[Chedi Kingdom|Chandel dynasty of Chanderi]]. His main achivement was against the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]]. In 833 AD, on the side of the Pratiharas, he attacked [[Baghdad]], the capital of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of Arabia, destroyed it and killed 7 of their generals and burnt the palace, while there Caliph [[al-Mu'tasim]] hid somewhere out of fear. He defeated Pratihara dynasty and founded the [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti|Chandel dynasty of Jejakabhukti]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradesh (India) |first=Uttar |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Uttar_Pradesh_District_Gazetteers_Hamirp.html?id=ABNuAAAAMAAJ |title=Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Hamirpur |date=1988 |publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gangoly |first=Ordhendra Coomar |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Art_of_the_Chandelas.html?id=leBOAAAAYAAJ |title=The Art of the Chandelas |date=1957 |publisher=Rupa |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=25}}
| | The poetic ballads about the Chandelas do not mention Nannuka at all, and instead name "Chandravarman" as the founder of the Chandela dynasty. However, Nannuka is mentioned as the dynasty's founder in two inscriptions found at Khajuraho, dated [[Vikrama Samvat]] 1011 (954 CE) and 1059 (1002 CE). These two inscriptions, eulogistic in nature, do not provide much information of historical value.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=25}} The 954 CE inscription states that he had conquered many enemies, and that other princes feared and obeyed him. It also states that he was "shaped like the god of love", and "playfully decorated the faces of the women of the quarters with the sandal of his fame".{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|pp=25-26}} The inscription also praises him using vague phrases, such as "a touchstone to test the worth of the gold of the regal order".{{sfn|Mitra|1977|p=27}} The 1002 CE inscription describes him as the Sun and the pearl-jewel of his family. It compares his archery skills to that of the legendary hero [[Arjuna]]. It praises his modesty and generosity, and calls him the "delight of his subjects".{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}} |
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| ==Ancestory==
| | The epigraphic records do not mention the circumstances in which the Chandela kingdom was established.{{sfn|Mitra|1977|p=27}} The titles given to Nannuka in the Chandela records include ''nṛpa'', ''narpati'' and ''mahīpati''. These are not very high titles, and therefore some modern historians believe that he was only a small feudatory ruler.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}} According to the local tradition of Bundelkhand, the Chandelas became rulers of that region after subduing the [[Pratiharas]]. Historian R. K. Dikshit notes that, in absence of any historical evidence, it is hard to believe that Nannuka defeated the imperial Pratiharas. He could have overthrown a local branch of the Pratiharas.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}} |
| According to 6th cen. Book Sashivansh Vinod and Bilaspur inscription [[Hariharvarman (Chandel ruler)|Hariharvarman]], a 118th or 71th Chandravanshi Chandel king from Chanderi, [[Bundelkhand]] after [[Shishupala]] made his elder son [[Govindvarman (Chandel ruler)|Govindvarman]] the king of his kingdom before leaving [[Kahlur]], while he took the remaining four sons with him to the temple of [[Naina Devi]] where he formed the new kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=XEduAAAAMAAJ&q=govind+chand+kumaon&dq=govind+chand+kumaon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRk7GFtMb8AhVqwnMBHb5EBOoQ6AF6BAgIEAM|title=Himachal Pradesh|last=India|first=Anthropological Survey of|date=1996|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7304-094-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=01UoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA54&dq=bir+Chand+bilaspur&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2nYfStMb8AhWDh-YKHaRyCGkQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Chandel%20&f=false|title=Chiefs and Families of Note in the Dehli [sic], Jalandhar, Peshawar and Derajat Divisions of the Panjab|last=Massy|first=Charles Francis|date=1890|publisher=Printed at the Pioneer Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eS6gtbhj9cIC&q=bir+Chand+bilaspur&dq=bir+Chand+bilaspur&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiph7eMu8b8AhV9xXMBHZISB8Y4ChDoAXoECAoQAw#Chandel|title=Census of India, 1991: Una|date=1995|publisher=Controller of Publications|language=hi}}</ref> in his genealogy king Satyavarman born whoose son was Chandravarman II.
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| The poetic ballads about the Chandelas do not mention Nannuka at all, and instead name "Chandravarman II" as the founder of the Chandela dynasty.
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| However, Nannuka is mentioned as the dynasty's founder in two inscriptions found at Khajuraho, dated [[Vikrama Samvat]] 1011 (954 CE) and 1059 (1002 CE). These two inscriptions, eulogistic in nature, do not provide much information of historical value.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=25}}
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| ==Life==
| | Nannuka was succeeded by his son [[Vakpati (Chandela dynasty)|Vākpati]].{{sfn|Mitra|1977|p=27}} |
| After becoming king, In 833 AD, on the side of the Pratiharas, he attacked [[Baghdad]], the capital of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of Arabia, destroyed it and killed 7 of their generals and burnt the palace, while there Caliph [[al-Mu'tasim]] hid somewhere out of fear. The 954 CE inscription states that he had conquered many enemies, and that other princes feared and obeyed him. It also states that he was "shaped like the god of love", and "playfully decorated the faces of the women of the quarters with the sandal of his fame".{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|pp=25-26}} The inscription also praises him using vague phrases, such as "a touchstone to test the worth of the gold of the regal order".{{sfn|Mitra|1977|p=27}} The 1002 CE inscription describes him as the Sun and the pearl-jewel of his family. It compares his archery skills to that of the legendary hero [[Arjuna]]. It praises his modesty and generosity, and calls him the "delight of his subjects".{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}}
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| The epigraphic records do not mention the circumstances in which the Chandel kingdom was established.{{sfn|Mitra|1977|p=27}} The titles given to Nannuka in the Chandel records include ''nṛpa'', ''narpati'' and ''mahīpati''. These are not very high titles, and therefore some modern historians believe that he was only a small feudatory ruler.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}} According to the local tradition of Bundelkhand, the Chandelas became rulers of that region after subduing the [[Pratiharas]]. Historian R. K. Dikshit notes that, in absence of any historical evidence, it is hard to believe that Nannuka defeated the imperial Pratiharas. He could have overthrown a local branch of the Pratiharas.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}}
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| [[Category:Chandelas of Jejakabhukti]]
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| [[Category:9th-century Indian monarchs]]
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| ==External Links==
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| https://historyofbilaspurhp.wordpress.com/
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| == References == | | == References == |
Nṛpati, Mahipati
Nannuka (r. c. 831-845 CE) was the founder of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region (Bundelkhand in present-day Madhya Pradesh).
The poetic ballads about the Chandelas do not mention Nannuka at all, and instead name "Chandravarman" as the founder of the Chandela dynasty. However, Nannuka is mentioned as the dynasty's founder in two inscriptions found at Khajuraho, dated Vikrama Samvat 1011 (954 CE) and 1059 (1002 CE). These two inscriptions, eulogistic in nature, do not provide much information of historical value. The 954 CE inscription states that he had conquered many enemies, and that other princes feared and obeyed him. It also states that he was "shaped like the god of love", and "playfully decorated the faces of the women of the quarters with the sandal of his fame". The inscription also praises him using vague phrases, such as "a touchstone to test the worth of the gold of the regal order". The 1002 CE inscription describes him as the Sun and the pearl-jewel of his family. It compares his archery skills to that of the legendary hero Arjuna. It praises his modesty and generosity, and calls him the "delight of his subjects".
The epigraphic records do not mention the circumstances in which the Chandela kingdom was established. The titles given to Nannuka in the Chandela records include nṛpa, narpati and mahīpati. These are not very high titles, and therefore some modern historians believe that he was only a small feudatory ruler. According to the local tradition of Bundelkhand, the Chandelas became rulers of that region after subduing the Pratiharas. Historian R. K. Dikshit notes that, in absence of any historical evidence, it is hard to believe that Nannuka defeated the imperial Pratiharas. He could have overthrown a local branch of the Pratiharas.
Nannuka was succeeded by his son Vākpati.
Template:Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
