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| {{Short description|Hindu tradition that reveres goddess Radha as the Supreme being}}
| | #Redirect [[Radha Vallabha Sampradaya]] |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
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| {{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
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| {{Infobox religious group
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| | group = Radha Vallabha
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| | image = File:Radhavallabhlalj.jpg
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| | image_caption = Central deity of [[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan]]
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| | founder = [[Sri Hit Harivansh Chandra Mahaprabhu]]{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=66}}
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| | regions = [[Mathura district|Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=66}}
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| | religions = [[Hinduism]]
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| | scriptures = ''Hita-Chaurāsī''{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2p=|3a1=Beck|3y=2005|3pp=67–68}}{{•}}
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| | languages = [[Braj Bhasha]]{{•}}[[Sanskrit]]{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=67}}
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| | website = {{url|radhavallabhmandir.com/}}
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| }}
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| {{Vaishnavism}}
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| The '''Radha Vallabha Sampradaya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Ravi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1WrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA192 |title=The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and Living Tradition |last2=Valpey |first2=Kenneth |date=2013-03-26 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-14999-0 |pages=192 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Vaishnava]] [[Hindu denominations|Hindu denomination]] founded in 1535 at [[Vrindavan]] by [[Hita Harivansh]] (1502–1552).{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2loc=chapter 1|2p=|3a1=Brzezinski|3y=1992|3p= |4a1=Rosenstein|4y=1998|4p= |5a1=Beck|5y=2005|5p=}} Harivansh Ji's views are related to [[Krishnaism]], but emphasises devotion to the goddess [[Radha]] as the [[Para Brahman|Supreme Being]].{{sfn|Rosenstein|1998}}{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=66}}<ref>{{cite book |surname=Vemsani |given=Lavanya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&q=Radhavallabha&pg=PA224 |title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names |year=2016 |place=Santa Barbara |publisher=ABC-Clio |isbn=978-1-61069-211-3 |access-date=2020-12-25 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320150458/https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&q=Radhavallabha&pg=PA224 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Lochtefeld |given=James G. |title=Radha |encyclopedia=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N–Z |year=2002 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4 |page=542}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Balfour |first=Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3U0OAAAAQAAJ&dq=worship+radha&pg=PA62 |title=The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial and Scientific, Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures |date=1885 |publisher=B. Quaritch |edition=3rd |location=London |pages=62 |language=en |access-date=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320150436/https://books.google.com/books?id=3U0OAAAAQAAJ&dq=worship+radha&pg=PA62 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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| ==Features==
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| According to the scholar Guy L. Beck, the Radha Vallabha Sampradaya has the following features, in comparison with [[Krishnaism|Krishnaite traditions]].{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=74–76}}
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| # Its view on [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]] differentiates from normative Krishnaite theology. The Supreme Being in this tradition is Radha, while her consort Krishna is described to be the penultimate step toward the supreme deity,{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=66}} and her most intimate servant.{{refn|group=note|As a precursor to this view can understand the 12th-century poet [[Jayadeva]], in whose ''[[Gita Govinda]]'' (10.9) Krishna beneath Radha.{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=76}}}}
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| # The tradition prefers to remain unaffiliated with any classical philosophical positions{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=67}} and resisted affiliation with the [[Vaishnavism#Four sampradayas and other traditions|four major Vaishnavite sampradayas]].{{refn|group=note|Scholars sometimes count the Radhavallabhis as an offshoot of [[Nimbarka Sampradaya]].<ref>{{cite book |surname=De |given=Sushil Kumar |year=1942 |title=Early History of the Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Bengal from Sanskrit and Bengali Sources |place=Calcutta |publisher=General Printers and Publishers |page=6 note |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.68279/page/n7}}</ref>}}
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| # It declines to produce theological and philosophical commentaries, based on pure [[bhakti]], divine love.
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| # The founder and followers lived and lives as householders and [[sannyasa]] is not praised.
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| # It defines liberation not in terms of moksha or Vaikuntha or Goloka, but as participation as a witnessing companion (''sakhi'') in the divine play of Radha and Krishna.{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=79-83}} | |
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| ==Scriptures==
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| The main scriptures of the sampradaya are created in regional language [[Braj Bhasha]], which is regarded within the tradition as the sacred language associated with Radha and Krishna, both in earthly Vrindaban and in the eternal divine abode. These scriptures emphasize poetry and singing verses rather than philosophical views.{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=67-68}}
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| * ''Hita-Caurāsī'' ({{a.k.a.}} ''Caurāsī Pad''): the eighty-four verses (hymns), the principal work of Hita Harivansh.{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2p=|3a1=Beck|3y=2005|3pp=67–68}}
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| * ''Vyāhulau Utsav ke Pad'' (the ''Wedding Hymns of Radha and Krishna''): celebrating the eternal marriage of Radha and Krishna.{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=86–90}}
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| * ''Hita Radha Sudha Nidhi'': a Sanskrit stotra traditionally attributed to Hita Harivansh, reflects Radhavallabh theology.{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2p=|3a1=Beck|3y=2005|3pp=67–68}}
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| The Radha Vallabha Sampradaya also preserves a large collection of unpublished poetry composed by later members of its disciplic lineages.{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=83}}
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| == Lineage of Radha Vallabha Sampradaya ==
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| The [[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan]], is a famous temple among the sect. In this temple, there is no idol of Shri Radha, but a 'Gādī Sevā' (throne) is placed next to [[Krishna]] to signify her presence.<ref name="Guide">{{cite book |author=Rājaśekhara Dāsa |year=2000 |title=The Color Guide to Vṛndāvana: India's Most Holy City of Over 5,000 Temples |publisher=Vedanta Vision Publication |url={{Google books|Q1cvAAAAYAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Beck notes that the throne serves as a symbolic surrogate for Radha, who is considered beyond physical representation in this tradition and reflects her supreme status.{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=82}}
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| The [[kirtan]] "Samaj-Gayan" is the Radha-vallabha's collective style of hymn singing by the [[Hindustani classical music]] forms, such "[[dhrupad]]" and "[[dhamar (music)|dhamar]]".{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=67}} It developed early in Vrindavan and uses Braj Bhasa devotional poetry as a collective form of worship.{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=67}}
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| == Notable people ==
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| * Gaurangi Sharan
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| * [[Premanand Govind Sharan]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=प्रेमानंद जी महाराज वृंदावन का जीवन परिचय जान आप रह जाएंगे हैरान, यहां पढ़ें इनकी जीवनी |url=https://www.abplive.com/lifestyle/religion/premanand-ji-maharaj-biography-in-hindi-who-is-shri-premanand-govind-sharan-ji-maharaj-know-his-story-katha-satsang-2415536 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=ABP News |date=24 May 2023 |language=hi}}</ref>
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| * [[Hariram Vyas]]
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| * Shri Hit Mohit Maral Goswami (Vilas Vansh)
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| * Shri Hit Pratap Chand Goswami (Ras Vansh)
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| == See also ==
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| * [[Govind Dev Ji Temple]]
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| * [[Bankey Bihari Temple]]
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| * [[Radha Raman Temple]]
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| * [[Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli|Madan Mohan Temple]]
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| *[[Radha Damodar Temple, Vrindavan]]
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| *[[Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan]]
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| *[[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan]]
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| == Notes ==
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| {{reflist|group=note}}
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| ==References==
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| ===Footnotes===
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| ===Bibliography===
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| * {{cite book|surname=Beck |given=Guy L. |chapter=Krishna as Loving Husband of God: The Alternative Krishnology of the Rādhāvallabha Sampradaya |pages=65–90 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&pg=PA65 |title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity |url= {{Google books|0SJ73GHSCF8C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |editor= Guy L. Beck |place=Albany, NY |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7914-6415-1}}
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| * {{cite journal|last=Brzezinski |first=J. K. |year=1992 |title=Prabodhānanda, Hita Harivaṃśa and the Rādhārasasudhānidhi |journal=[[Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies]] |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=472–497 |jstor=620194 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00003669|s2cid=161089313 }}
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| * {{cite journal |last=Rosenstein |first=Lucy |date=1998 |title=The Rādhāvallabha and the Haridāsā Samprādayas: A Comparison |journal=[[Journal of Vaishnava Studies]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=5–18}}
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| * {{cite book|surname=Snell|given=Rupert|title=The Eighty-four Hymns of Hita Harivaṃśa: An Edition of the Caurāsī Pada|url={{Google books|jOs-G0-VIWQC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|year=1991|place=Delhi; London|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]; School of Oriental and African Studies|isbn=81-208-0629-8}}
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| * {{cite book|surname=White |given=Charles S. J. |title=The Caurāsī Pad of Śri Hit Harivaṃś: Introduction, Translation, Notes, and Edited Braj Bhaṣa |series= Asian studies at Hawaii, 16 |url={{Google books|X8Q_zgEACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=1977 |publisher=University Press of Hawaii |place=Honolulu |isbn=9780824803599 |issn=0066-8486}}
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| ==External links==
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| * {{official website|radhavallabhmandir.com|Sri Radhavallabh Mandir official website}}
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| * [https://www.radhavallabh.com/radha.html Radha — The Supreme Goddess of Vrindavan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116081547/https://www.radhavallabh.com/radha.html |date=2021-11-16 }}
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| {{Vaishnava Sampradayas}}
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| [[Category:Krishnaite Vaishnava denominations]]
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| [[Category:Vaishnava sects]]
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| [[Category:Bhakti-era Hindu sects]]
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| [[Category:Bhakti movement]]
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| [[Category:Hinduism in Uttar Pradesh]]
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| [[Category:1535 establishments in India]]
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