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| {{use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Sultanate of Golconda]] |
| {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
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| {{Infobox Former Country
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| |conventional_long_name = Golconda Sultanate
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| |native_name =
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| |common_name = Qutb Shahi
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| |year_start = 1518
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| |year_end = 1687
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| |p1 = Bahmani Sultanate
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| |flag_p1 =
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| |s1 = Mughal Empire
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| |flag_s1 = Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg
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| |image_flag = Qutbshahi Flag.svg
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| |flag_type = Flag of the Qutb Shahis
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| |image_map = Deccan sultanates 1490 - 1687 ad.png
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| |image_map_caption = Extent of Golconda Sultanate.<ref>For a map of their territory see: {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=147, map XIV.4 (l)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=186}}</ref>
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| |religion = [[Shia Islam]]
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| |capital = [[Golconda]] (1519–1591) <br /> [[Hyderabad]] (1591–1687)
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| |common_languages = [[Persian language|Persian]] (<small>official</small>)<ref>Brian Spooner and William L. Hanaway, ''Literacy in the Persianate World: Writing and the Social Order'', (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012), 317.</ref><br /> [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<ref>{{cite journal
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| | last = Alam
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| | first = Muzaffar
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| | date = 1998
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| | title = The pursuit of Persian: Language in Mughal Politics
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| | journal = Modern Asian Studies
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| | volume = 32
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| | issue = 2
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| | pages = 317–349
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| |quote = "Ibrahim Qutb Shah encouraged the growth of Telugu and his successor Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah patronized and himself wrote poetry in Telugu and in Dakhni. Abdullah Qutb Shah instituted a special office to prepare the royal edicts in Telugu (dabiri-ye faramin-i Hindavi). While administrative and revenue papers at local levels in the Qutb Shahi Sultanate were prepared largely in Telugu, the royal edicts were often bilingual.'06 The last Qutb Shahi Sultan, Abul Hasan Tana Shah, sometimes issued his orders only in Telugu, with a Persian summary given on the back of the farmans."
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| | doi=10.1017/s0026749x98002947}}</ref><br />[[Urdu language|Deccani Urdu]]
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| |government_type = Monarchy
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| |title_leader = Qutb Shah
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| |leader1 = [[Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk]]
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| |year_leader1 = 1512–1543
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| |leader2 = [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| |year_leader2 = 1543–1550
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| |leader3 = [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| |year_leader3 = 1550–1550
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| |leader4 = [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| |year_leader4 = 1550–1580
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| |leader5 = [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| |year_leader5 = 1580-1612
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| |leader6 = [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]]
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| |year_leader6 = 1612-1626
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| |leader7 = [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]]
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| |year_leader7 = 1626–1672
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| |leader8 = [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]]
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| |year_leader8 = 1672-1686
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| |stat_year1 =
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| |stat_pop1 =
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| |stat_area4 = <!--500,000sq/mi : this must be a number of square kilometers (no comma); can't see a source-->
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| |population_density3 =
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| |currency = Mohur
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| | today = [[India]]
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| |demonym=|area_km2=|area_rank=|GDP_PPP=|GDP_PPP_year=|HDI=|HDI_year=
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| }}
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| The '''Qutb Shahi dynasty''' ruled the '''Golconda Sultanate''' in [[south India]] from 1512 AD to 1687 AD. The Qutb Shahis were descendants of [[Qara Yusuf]] from [[Kara Koyunlu|Qara Qoyunlu]], a [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]] Muslim tribe. After the collapse of [[Bahmani Sultanate]], the "Qutb Shahi" dynasty was established in 1512 AD by [[Quli Qutb Mulk]] who assumed the title of "Sultan". In 1636, [[Shah Jahan]] forced the Qutb Shahis to recognize Mughal suzerainty. The dynasty came to an end in 1687 during the reign of its seventh Sultan [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]], when [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] seized [[Golconda fort]] and occupied the kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|title=Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation, 1400–1700
| | {{R from move}} |
| |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_yHXDwAAQBAJ|author=Keelan Overton|page=82|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2020|isbn=9780253048943|access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Farooqi">{{cite book|title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century|author=Farooqui Salma Ahmed|pages=177–179|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2011|isbn=9788131732021}}</ref><ref name="Bosworth" /> The kingdom extended from the parts of modern-day states of [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Odisha]] and [[Telangana]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=118}}</ref> The Golconda sultanate was constantly in conflict with the [[Adilshahi sultanate|Adil Shahis]] and [[Nizam Shahi dynasty|Nizam Shahis]].<ref name="Bosworth">C.E. Bosworth, ''The New Islamic Dynasties'', (Columbia University Press, 1996), 328.</ref>
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| The Qutb Shahis were great patrons of [[Persianate]] Shia culture,<ref name="Farooqi"/> eventually it also adopted the regional culture of the Deccan (Telugu culture, language and the newly developed [[Deccan Urdu|Deccani]] dialect of Urdu). Although Telugu was not their mother tongue, the Golconda rulers spoke and wrote Telugu,<ref name="Chandra" /> and patronized Telugu so exclusively that they were termed the "''Telugu Sultans''".<ref name="Eaton" /> The Qutb Shahis were known for their secular rule.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TS1uAAAAMAAJ|title=Romance of Hyderabad Culture|last1=Nigam|first1=Mohan Lal|last2=Bhatnagar|first2=Anupama|date=1997|publisher=Deva Publications|pages=50|language=en}}</ref>
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| ==History==
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| [[File:Finch, Poppies, Dragonfly, and Bee India (Deccan, Golconda).jpg|thumb|right|Golkonda Painting - Finch, Poppies, Dragonfly, and Bee India (Deccan, Golconda), 1650-1670 Opaque watercolor and gold on paper Overall]]
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| [[File:Tomb of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah 01.jpg|thumb|right|Tomb of [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]] in [[Hyderabad]].]]
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| The dynasty's founder, [[Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk]] was a descendants of [[Qara Yusuf]] (from [[Kara Koyunlu|Qara Qoyunlu]], a [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkic]] Muslim tribe). He migrated to [[Delhi]] with his uncle, Allah-Quli, some of his relatives and friends in the beginning of the 16th century, from [[Hamadan Province]]—(now in [[Iran]] then it was ruled by his ancestral Turkic tribe).<ref name="jstor1">{{cite journal|title=The Qara-qoyunlu and the Qutb-shāhs (Turkmenica, 10)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/609229|volume=17|year=1955|pages=50–73|publisher=Cambridge University Press|jstor = 609229|access-date=20 November 2020|last1 = Minorsky|first1 = V.|journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|issue = 1|doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00106342}}</ref><ref name="Masud">{{cite book|title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4UKJFLZVcEC|year=1996|page=2|first=Masud Husain|last=Khan|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788126002337|access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref> Later he migrated south, to the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] and served the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani sultan]], [[Mahmood Shah Bahmani II]].<ref name="Michell">George Michell, Mark Zebrowski, ''Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates'', (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 17.</ref> He conquered Golconda, after the disintegration of the Bahmani Kingdom into the five [[Deccan sultanates]].<ref name="Michell" /> Soon after, he declared independence from the Bahmani Sultanate, took the title ''Qutub Shah'', and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda. He was later assassinated in 1543 by his son, [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah|Jamsheed]], who assumed the sultanate.<ref name="Michell" /> Jamsheed died in 1550 from cancer.<ref name="Khan">Masʻūd Ḥusain K̲h̲ān̲, ''Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah'', Volume 216, (Sahitya Akademi, 1996), 2.</ref> Jamsheed's young son reigned for a year, at which time the nobility brought back and installed Ibrahim Quli as sultan.<ref name="Khan" /> During the reign of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, relations between Hindus and Muslims were strengthened, even to the point of Hindus resuming their religious festivals like [[Diwali]] and [[Holi]].<ref>Annemarie Schimmel, ''Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl'', (Otto Harrassowitz, 1975), 143.</ref> Some Hindus rose to prominence in the Qutb Shahi state, the most important example being the ministers [[Madanna and Akkanna]].
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| Golconda, and with the construction of the [[Charminar|Char Minar]], later [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], served as capitals of the sultanate,<ref name="Michell" /> and both cities were embellished by the Qutb Shahi sultans. The dynasty ruled Golconda for 171 years, until the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Aurangzeb]] conquered the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in 1687.<ref name="Chandra2">Satish Chandra, ''Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals'', Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 331.</ref>
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| == Economy ==
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| === Cotton-Weaving ===
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| During the early seventeenth century, a strong cotton-weaving industry existed in the Deccan region. Large quantities of cotton cloth were produced for domestic and exports consumption. High quality plain and patterned cloth made of muslin and calico was produced. Plain cloth was available as white or brown colour, in bleached or dyed variety. This cloth was exported to Persia and European countries. Patterned cloth was made of prints which were made indigenously with indigo for blue, chay-root for red coloured prints and vegetable yellow. Patterned cloth exports were mainly to Java, Sumatra and other eastern countries.<ref name=":2" />
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| === Diamonds ===
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| {{Main|Golconda diamonds}}
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| The Golconda Sultanate was known for its diamonds which were dubbed the [[Golconda diamonds]].
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| Diamonds from mines (especially the [[Kollur Mine]] presently in [[Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]) were transported to the city of [[Hyderabad]] to be cut, polished, evaluated and sold. [[Golconda]] established itself as a diamond trading centre and until the end of the 19th century, the Golconda market was the primary source of the finest and largest diamonds in the world.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-11-05|title=Delving into the rich and often bloody history of Golconda Fort|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Delving-into-the-rich-and-often-bloody-history-of-Golconda-Fort/article16437577.ece|access-date=2021-07-26|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
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| The Golconda region has produced some of the world's most famous diamonds, including the [[Koh-i-Noor]] (now owned by the United Kingdom), the [[Nassak Diamond]], the blue [[Hope Diamond|Hope]] (United States), the pink [[Daria-i-Noor]] (Iran), the white [[Regent Diamond|Regent]] (France), the [[Dresden Green Diamond|Dresden Green]] (Germany), [[Orlov (diamond)|Orlov]] (Russia), [[Nizam Diamond|Nizam]] and [[Jacob Diamond|Jacob]] (India), as well as the now lost diamonds [[Florentine Diamond|Florentine Yellow]], [[Akbar Shah (diamond)|Akbar Shah]] and [[Great Mogul Diamond|Great Mogul]].
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| The work force involved in the diamond trading was up to 100,000 people. The medieval diamond trade drew travelers from around the world and the ruling patrons constructed facilities and provided security for traders to stay and do business, particularly those travelling from Europe and central Asia.<ref name="Gupta">{{cite book|title=Deccan Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/?id=8830KZLvkYsC&dq=golconda+diamonds,|page=141|last=Gupta|first=Harsh K|isbn=9788173712852|publisher= Indian National Science Academy and University Press|year=2000|access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="Erlich and Hausel">{{cite book|title=Diamond Deposits|url=https://books.google.com/?id=068-M3xrDSQC|pages=3–4|last1=Erlich|first1=Edward|last2=Hausel|first2=W. Dan|isbn=9780873352130|publisher=SME|year=2002|access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=On Golconda Rock|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/on-golconda-rock/235987|newspaper=[[Outlook India]]|date=12 November 2007|access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref>
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| ==Culture==
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| [[File:A French view of the clothing styles of the Golkonda kings; a plate from Racinet, 1888.jpg|thumb|right|clothing styles of the Golkonda Sultans]]
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| [[File:Barbed rubab (lute), 1660-1670 CE, Golkonda.png|thumb |Music in Golkonda, 1660–1670. Musician plays a form of [[rubab (instrument)|rubab]]. Related instruments include the medieval Iranian rubab, the rubab of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India, the Indian [[sarod]], [[sursingar]] and [[:de:kamaica|kamaica]], the Nepali-Tibetan-Bhutanese [[tungana]], the [[Pamiri rubab]] and the Uyghur [[rawap]]. The family of instruments blended Persian and Indian cultures, and has been played by Hindus, Buddhists and Muslims.]]
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| The Qutb Shahi rulers were great builders, whose structures included the [[Charminar|Char Minar]],<ref name="Chandra">Satish Chandra, ''Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals'', Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 210.</ref> as well as [[patron]]s of [[learning]]. Quli Qutb Mulk's court became a haven for Persian culture and literature.<ref name="Bosworth" /> Sultan [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] (1580–1612) wrote poems in Dakhini Urdu, Persian and Telugu and left a huge poetry collection.<ref name="Chandra" /> Subsequent poets and writers, however wrote in Urdu, while using vocabulary from Persian, Hindi and Telugu languages.<ref name="Chandra" /> By 1535, the Qutb Shahis were using Telugu for their revenue and judicial areas within the sultanate.<ref>''A Social and Historical Introduction to the Deccan, 1323-1687'', Richard M. Eaton, '''Sultans of the South: Arts of India's Deccan Courts, 1323-1687''', ed. Navina Najat Haidar, Marika Sardar, (Metropolitan Museum of Art 2011), 8.</ref>
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| Initially, the Qutb Shahi rulers patronized [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[culture]], but eventually adopted the regional culture of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], symbolized by the [[Telugu language]] and the newly developed [[Dakhni|Deccani idiom]] and [[Urdu]] became prominent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zad93Q6KZOuM4jrH99qaeN/Opinion--A-Hyderabadi-conundrum.html|title=Opinion A Hyderabadi conundrum|date=15 November 2018}}</ref> Although Telugu was not their mother tongue, the Golconda rulers spoke and wrote Telugu,<ref name="Chandra" /> and patronized Telugu so exclusively they were termed the "''Telugu Sultans''".<ref name="Eaton">Richard M. Eaton, ''A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives'', Vol. 1, (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 142-143.</ref> In 1543, fearing for his life, Prince [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali|Ibrahim Quli]] fled to the Vijayanagar court, which lavishly patronized the Telugu language. Upon his enthronement as sultan in 1550, Ibrahim Quli was thoroughly acquainted with Telugu aesthetics.<ref name="Eaton" />
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| The Qutb Shahi rulers were much more liberal than their other Muslim counterparts. During the reign of [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]] in 1634 CE, the ancient Indian sex manual [[Ratirahasya|Koka Shastra]] was translated into [[Persian language|Persian]] named ''Lazzat-un-Nisa'' (Flavors of the Woman).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/lazzat-un-nisa-hyderabads-own-kamasutra-back-in-focus/articleshow/67391978.cms|title=Lazzat-Un-Nisa: Hyderabad's own Kamasutra back in focus - Times of India|last=Akbar|first=Syed|date=2019-01-05|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-01-05}}</ref>
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| === Architecture ===
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| The Qutb Shahi architecture was [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]], a culmination of Indian and Persian architectural styles.<ref name="Farooqui1">Salma Ahmed Farooqui, ''A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century'', (Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd, 2011), 181.</ref> Their style was very similar to that of the other [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]].
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| Some examples of Qutb Shahi Indo-Islamic architecture are the [[Golkonda|Golconda Fort]], [[Qutb Shahi Tombs|tombs of the Qutb Shahis]], [[Charminar|Char Minar]] and the [[Char Kaman]], [[Mecca Masjid]], [[Khairtabad Mosque]], [[Hayat Bakshi Mosque]], [[Taramati Baradari]] and the [[Toli Masjid|Toli Mosque]].<ref name="Farooqui1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5573/|title=The Qutb Shahi Monuments of Hyderabad Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Charminar - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=whc.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201205635/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5573/ |archive-date=1 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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| == Administration ==
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| The Qutb Shahi Kingdom was like the other Deccan kingdoms, a highly centralized state. The sultan enjoyed absolute executive judicial and military powers. When expediency demanded, the post of regent was created to carry on the administration on behalf of the king.
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| The ''Peshwa'' (Prime Minister) was the highest official of the sultanate. He was assisted by a number of ministers, including ''Mir Jumla'' (finance minister), ''Kotwal'' (police commissioner), and ''Khazanadar'' (treasurer).
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| In the Qutb Shahi kingdom, all the Muslims were paid allowances from the treasury. The Persian origin Muslims had the highest respect and were paid the highest, then the other Indian Muslims. The Persian origin Muslims became rich by lending money on high interest (usury) of 4-5% per ''mensem'' much to the despair of Hindus.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Moreland|first=W.H.|title=Relation of Golconda in the Early Seventeenth Century|publisher=Halyukt Society|year=1931|pages=78, 89}}</ref>
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| The Sultanate had 66 forts, and each fort was administered by ''Nayak''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prince;Poet;Lover;Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B_iDQAAQBAJ|author=Narendra Luther|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=1991|isbn=9788123023151|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref> The Qutb Shahis hired many Hindu Nayaks belonging mainly to the [[Kamma (caste)|Kamma]], [[Velama]], [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]], and [[Raju]] communities.<ref name=":1">Chapter III: Economics, Political, Economic, and Social Background of Deccan 17th-18th Century, p.57 [https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25652/10/10_chapter%203.pdf https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25652/10/10_chapter%203.pdfhttps://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25652/10/10_chapter%203.pdf]</ref> These groups mainly were the regional aristocracy,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJXXAAAAMAAJ|title=Readings In Society And Religion Of Medieval South India|last=Reddy|first=Pedarapu Chenna|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Research India Press|isbn=9788189131043|pages=163|language=en}}</ref> served as revenue officers<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zdqxsas05NMC|title=Proceedings of Seminar on Industries and Crafts in Andhra Desa, 17th and 18th Centuries, A.D.|date=1996|publisher=Department of History, Osmania University|pages=57|language=en}}</ref> and military commanders,<ref name=":1" /> but many of them fell into obscurity following the fall of the Qutb Shahis in 1687.
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| Tax collection was through auction farms, the highest bidder used to get the Governorship. While the Governors enjoyed luxurious life style, they had to bear the brunt of severe punishments for default, consequently they were harsh on the people. People were in distress as the complaints of the poor never reached the sultans.<ref name=":2" />
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| ==Religion==
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| The Qutb Shahi dynasty has been considered a "composite" of Hindu-Muslim religio-social culture.<ref>''Islam in South Asia: Practicing tradition today'', Karen G. Ruffle, '''South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today''', ed. Karen Pechilis, Selva J. Raj, (Routledge, 2013), 210.</ref> For instance, the Qutb Shahis began the sacred tradition of sending pearls to the [[Sita Ramachandraswamy temple, Bhadrachalam|Bhadrachalam Temple]] of Rama on [[Rama Navami]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQtuAAAAMAAJ|title=Glimpses of our past--historical researches: festschrift in honour of Prof. Mukkamala Radhakrishna Sarma, former emeritus fellow|last1=Sarma|first1=Mukkamala Radhakrishna|last2=Committee|first2=Osmania University Dept of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology Felicitation|last3=History|first3=Osmania University Dept of|date=2004|publisher=Felicitation Committee, Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology & Dept. of History, Osmania University|pages=326|language=en}}</ref>{{additional citation|date=March 2020}}
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| ==Rulers==
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| The eight [[sultan]]s in the [[dynasty]] were:
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| {| class="wikitable" border="1"
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| |-
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| ! Rowspan="2"|Personal Name
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| ! Rowspan="2"|Titular Name
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| ! scope="row" colspan="2"|Reign
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| ! Rowspan="2"|Notes
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| |-
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| ! From
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| ! Until
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| |-
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| | ''Quli Qutb Shah''<br />قلی قطب شاہ
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| | [[Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk]]
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| | 1512
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| | 1543
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| * Founder of [[Qutb Shahi Dynasty]]<ref name="sen2"/>
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| * Son of Uways Quli Beg
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| * Great Grand Son of [[Qara Yusuf]]
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| |-
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| | ''Jamsheed''<br />جمشید
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| | [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| | 1543
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| | 1550
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| * Second Son of [[Quli Qutb Mulk|Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| |-
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| | ''Subhan''<br />سبحان
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| | [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| | 1550
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| | 1550
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| * Son of [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| * Became King at the age of 7 and died after a short time
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| |-
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| | ''Ibrahim''<br />ابراہیم
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| | [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali]]
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| | 1550
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| | 1580
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| * Younger Son of [[Quli Qutb Mulk|Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| * Fought the [[Battle of Talikota]] with the Alliance of [[Deccan Sultanates]]
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| |-
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| | ''Muhammad Ali''<br />محمد علی
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| | [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| | 1580
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| | 1612
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| * Son of [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali]]
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| * Founder of [[Hyderabad]] City
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| * Muhammad Ali was a Scholar in [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages
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| |-
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| | ''Sultan Muhammad''<br />محمد سلطان
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| | [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]]
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| | 1612
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| | 1626
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| * Son of Muhammad Amin Shah
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| * Grand Son of [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali|Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| * Son in Law of [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| |-
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| | ''Abdullah''<br />عبداللہ
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| | [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]]
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| | 1626
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| | 1672
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| * Son of [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]]
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| |-
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| | ''Abul Hasan''<br />ابُل حسن
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| | [[Tana Shah]]
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| | 1672
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| | 1686
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| * Son in law of [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]]
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| * Defeated by Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb Alamgir]] in 1686
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| |-
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| |}
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| ==Tombs==
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| {{main|Qutb Shahi Tombs}}
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| [[File:Muhammad 'Alî 001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]].]]
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| The [[Qutb Shahi Tombs|tombs of the Qutb Shahi sultans]] lie about one kilometer north of [[Golkonda|Golkonda's]] outer wall. These structures are made of beautifully carved stonework, and surrounded by landscaped gardens. They are open to the public and receive many visitors.<ref name=":0" />
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| ==Family tree==
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| {{Tree chart/start}}
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| {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |YUS| | | | | | |YUS=[[Qara Yusuf]]<br />Ruler of the [[Kara Koyunlu|Qara Qoyunlu]]<br />1410-1420}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
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| {{Tree chart| | ISK| | | | | | | | | | JAH |ISK=[[Qara Iskander]]<br />Ruler of the [[Kara Koyunlu|Qara Qoyunlu]]<br />''First Reign''<br />1420-1429<br />''Second Reign''<br />1431-1436|JAH=[[Jahan Shah]]<br />Ruler of the [[Kara Koyunlu|Qara Qoyunlu]]<br />1436-1467}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
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| {{Tree chart| | ALV| | | | | | | | | | YUS |ALV=[[Alvand Mirza (Kara Koyunlu)|Alvand Mirza]]|YUS=[[Mirza Yusuf]]<br />Ruler of the [[Kara Koyunlu|Qara Qoyunlu]]<br />1468-1469}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
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| {{Tree chart| |PIR| | | | | | | | | | KHA |PIR=Pir Quli Beg|YUS=[[Mirza Yusuf]]|KHA=Khadija Khatun}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |`|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|'}}
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| {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |UWA| | | | | | |UWA=Uways Quli Beg}}
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| {{Tree chart| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
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| {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |QUL| | | | | | |QUL=1.<br />'''[[Quli Qutb Mulk]]'''<br />[[Sultan]] of [[Golkonda]]<br />1512-1543}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |,|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |:| | | | |IBR| | | | JAM |IBR=4.<br />''' [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali]]'''<br />[[Sultan]] of [[Golkonda]]<br />1550-1580|JAM=2.<br />'''[[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]]'''<br />[[Sultan]] of [[Golkonda]]<br />1543-1550}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |:| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |:| | |AMI| |MUH| | SUB |AMI=Mirza Muhammad Amin|MUH=5.<br />'''[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]'''<br />[[Sultan]] of [[Golkonda]]<br />1580-1611|SUB=3.<br />'''[[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]]'''<br />[[Sultan]] of [[Golkonda]]<br />1550}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |:| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |:| | |SUL| |HAY
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| |SUL=6.<br />'''[[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah|Muhammad Qutb Shah]]'''<br />[[Sultan]] of [[Golkonda]]<br />1611-1626
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| |HAY=[[Hayat Bakshi Begum]]}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |:| | | |`|-|v|-|'| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |:| | | | |ABD| | | | | | |ABD=7.<br />'''[[Abdullah Qutb Shah]]'''<br />[[Sultan]] of [[Golkonda]]<br />1626-1672}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
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| {{Tree chart| |ABU| | | |BAD| | | | | | |ABU=8.<br />'''[[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]]'''<br />[[Sultan]] of [[Golkonda]]<br />1672-1687 |BAD= Badshah Bibi}}
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| {{Tree chart| | |`|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
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| {{Tree chart/end}}
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| ==See also==
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| {{Portal|Hyderabad}}
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| *[[Hyderabad Deccan]]
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| *[[Battle of Talikota]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==Further reading==
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| *Chopra, R. M., The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature, 2012, Iran Culture House, New Delhi.
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| *Jawed Vashisht, Ghizal-e Raana (A selection of Quli Qutab Shah's ghazals)
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| *Jawed Vashisht, Roop Ras (Romantic poems of Quli Qutab Shah)
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| *Jawed Vashisht, Mohammed Quli aur Nabi ka Sadka
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| *Jawed Vashisht, Dakhni Darpan
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| ==External links==
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| {{Wikivoyage|Hyderabad}}{{commons category}}
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| {{wikiquote}}{{Authority control}}
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| {{Telangana}}
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| {{Hyderabad topics}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Qutb Shahi Dynasty}}
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| [[Category:Qutb Shahi dynasty| ]]
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| [[Category:States and territories established in 1518]]
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| [[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1687]]
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| [[Category:Empires and kingdoms of India]]
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| [[Category:Dynasties of India]]
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| [[Category:History of Telangana]]
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| [[Category:Telugu people]]
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| [[Category:Former countries in South Asia]]
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| [[de:Golkonda]]
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