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{{Short description|British general and colonial administrator}} | {{Short description|British general and colonial administrator}} | ||
{{primary|date=March 2025}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}} | ||
{{Use British English|date=March 2012}} | {{Use British English|date=March 2012}} | ||
{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
|honorific-prefix = [[Brigadier-General]] | |honorific-prefix = [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier-General]] | ||
|name = Sir William | |name = Sir William Manning | ||
|honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCMG|KBE|CB}} | |honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCMG|KBE|CB}} | ||
|image = The National Archives UK - CO 1069-111-7.jpg | |image = The National Archives UK - CO 1069-111-7.jpg | ||
| Line 10: | Line 11: | ||
|smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--> | |smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--> | ||
|alt = | |alt = | ||
|caption = Captain. W. H. Manning (photo taken from 'British Central Africa' by Sir | |caption = Captain. W. H. Manning (photo taken from ''British Central Africa'' by Sir [[Harry Johnston]] 1897) | ||
|order = 23rd | |order = 23rd | ||
|office = Governor of British Ceylon | |office = Governor of British Ceylon | ||
| Line 16: | Line 17: | ||
|term_end = 1 April 1925 | |term_end = 1 April 1925 | ||
|monarch = [[George V]] | |monarch = [[George V]] | ||
|predecessor = [[Reginald Edward Stubbs]] | |predecessor = {{ubl|[[Reginald Edward Stubbs]] | (Acting governor)}} | ||
|successor = [[Cecil Clementi]] | |successor = {{ubl|[[Cecil Clementi]] | (Acting governor)}} | ||
|office1 = [[List of colonial heads of British Somaliland|Commissioner of British Somaliland]] | |office1 = [[List of colonial heads of British Somaliland|Commissioner of British Somaliland]] | ||
|term_start1 = February 1910 | |term_start1 = February 1910 | ||
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|predecessor3 = [[Philip Clark Cork]] | |predecessor3 = [[Philip Clark Cork]] | ||
|successor3 = [[Robert Johnstone (governor)|Robert Johnstone]] | |successor3 = [[Robert Johnstone (governor)|Robert Johnstone]] | ||
|birth_name = William Henry Manning | |||
|birth_date = {{birth-date|19 July 1863}} | |birth_date = {{birth-date|19 July 1863}} | ||
|birth_place = | |birth_place = | ||
| Line 43: | Line 45: | ||
|nationality = | |nationality = | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[Brigadier-General]] '''Sir William Henry Manning''' | [[Brigadier-General]] '''Sir William Henry Manning''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCMG|KBE|CB}} (19 July 1863 – 1 January 1932) was a [[British Indian Army]] officer and colonial administrator. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Manning was educated at the [[University of Cambridge]] as a [[Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge|non-collegiate student]]<ref>{{acad|id=MNN883WH|name=Manning, William Henry}}</ref> and the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] | Manning was born in [[Droitwich]] on 19 July 1863. He was educated at the [[University of Cambridge]] as a [[Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge|non-collegiate student]]<ref>{{acad|id=MNN883WH|name=Manning, William Henry}}</ref> and the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]. He was commissioned a [[lieutenant]] in the [[South Wales Borderers]] in 1886.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25619 |date=24 August 1886 |page=4131}}</ref> In 1888 he transferred to the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25864 |date=9 October 1888 |page=5544}}</ref> and served in the [[51st Sikhs]]. He was wounded in the [[Second Burmese War]] and also served in the First Miranzai Expedition and the [[Hazara Expedition]] on the [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North-West Frontier]] in 1891. He commanded the [[Mlanja]] and [[Chirad-Zulu]] expeditions in [[British Central Africa]] in 1893–1894. | ||
==Diplomatic and military service in Africa== | ==Diplomatic and military service in Africa== | ||
In 1897 he was appointed | In 1897 he was appointed deputy commissioner and [[consul-general]] for British Central Africa and commander of its armed forces with the local rank of [[lieutenant-colonel]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26897 |date=5 October 1897 |page=5444}}</ref> and served as acting commissioner for nearly two years. | ||
He commanded the operations against Chief [[Mpezeni]] in North-East [[Rhodesia]] in 1898, for which he was promoted brevet [[major]] in 1898<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27045 |date=24 January 1899 |page=463}}</ref> and brevet [[lieutenant-colonel]] in 1899.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27122 |date=3 October 1899 |page=6005}}</ref> | He commanded the operations against Chief [[Mpezeni]] in North-East [[Rhodesia]] in 1898, for which he was promoted to brevet [[Major (rank)|major]] in 1898<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27045 |date=24 January 1899 |page=463}}</ref> and brevet [[lieutenant-colonel]] in 1899.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27122 |date=3 October 1899 |page=6005}}</ref> | ||
Manning raised and commanded the [[Central Africa Regiment]] and was the first [[ | Manning raised and commanded the [[Central Africa Regiment]] and was the first [[inspector-general]] of the [[King's African Rifles]] from 1901 to 1907, with the local rank of [[brigadier-general]], although his substantive rank was still captain.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27376 |date=12 November 1901 |page=7294}}</ref> During Spring 1902 he undertook an official tour through [[Uganda Protectorate|Uganda]] and the [[East African Protectorate]], returning to England in June that year.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=18 June 1902 |page=14 |issue=36797}}</ref> He was supposed to undertake a second tour of inspecting garrisons in [[British Somaliland]], [[British Central Africa Protectorate]], British East Africa and Uganda later the same year,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=8 October 1902 |page=4 |issue=36893}}</ref> but shortly after his arrival in Africa he was re-directed to join the force gathered in Somaliland to fight [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]]. | ||
He was in Somaliland by the middle of November 1902,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= Operations in Somaliland |date=28 November 1902 |page=5 |issue=36937}}</ref> and in late December was appointed in command of the [[Somaliland Field Force]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27531 |date=3 March 1903 |page=1418}}</ref> From 1903 to 1904 he commanded its 1st Brigade. In April 1903 he fought against the Mad Mullah's army in battle, inflicting 2,000 casualties. For services in Somaliland he was appointed [[ | He was in Somaliland by the middle of November 1902,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= Operations in Somaliland |date=28 November 1902 |page=5 |issue=36937}}</ref> and in late December was appointed in command of the [[Somaliland Field Force]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27531 |date=3 March 1903 |page=1418}}</ref> From 1903 to 1904 he commanded its 1st Brigade. In April 1903 he fought against the Mad Mullah's army in battle, inflicting 2,000 casualties. For his services in Somaliland he was appointed [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] (CB) in 1903<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27584 |date=7 August 1903 |page=4982}}</ref> and [[Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (KCMG) in 1904.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27711 |date=6 September 1904 |page=5776}}</ref> In February 1904 he was promoted to brevet [[colonel]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27743 |date=13 December 1904 |page=8561}}</ref> and in August 1904 he was finally promoted to the substantive rank of major.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27742 |date=9 December 1904 |page=8455}}</ref> | ||
==Commissioner of Somaliland and | ==Commissioner of Somaliland and governor of Nyasaland== | ||
In February 1910 Manning was appointed | In February 1910 Manning was appointed commissioner and commander-in-chief of the [[Somaliland Protectorate]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28342 |date=22 February 1910 |page=1326}}</ref> and in November 1910 Governor and C-in-C of the [[Nyasaland Protectorate]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28436 |date=11 November 1910 |page=8073}}</ref> where the border post Fort Manning (now [[Mchinji]], [[Malawi]]) was named after him. He retired from the Indian Army in December 1910.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28454 |date=6 January 1911 |page=133}}</ref> | ||
==Governor of Jamaica and | ==Governor of Jamaica and governor of Ceylon== | ||
In February 1913 he became [[ | In February 1913 he became [[governor of Jamaica]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28691 |date=18 February 1913 |page=1238}}</ref> and was granted the perpetual honorary rank of brigadier-general,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28687 |date=4 February 1913 |page=846}}</ref> which he had held for most of his service since 1901. In September 1918 he was appointed [[governor of Ceylon]]. He was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1918 and [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG) in the 1921 New Year Honours.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32178 |date=1 January 1921 |page=5|supp=y}}</ref> He retired in 1925.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} | ||
The [[Manning Cup]] school football competition in Jamaica was named after him. | The [[Manning Cup]] school football competition in Jamaica was named after him.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} | ||
== | ==Family== | ||
*Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 4 January 1932 | In 1920, he married Olga Mary Sefton-Jones. They had three daughters:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/search.pl | title=FreeBMD – Search }}</ref>{{bsn|date=March 2025}} | ||
* Marie G. B., born in Marylebone, London in 1922. She married John F. Reid-Dick in 1947 at Staines.<ref> ''The diary of Olave Baden-Powell'' for 22 March 1947. [http://www.spanglefish.com/olavebadenpowell/index.asp?pageid=734921 – Index of people mentioned] {{ugs|date=March 2025}} | |||
* {{cite book |others=As told to Mary Drewery |last=Baden-Powell |first=Olave |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton | title =Window on My Heart: The Autobiography of Olave, Lady Baden-Powell, GBE | date =1973 |url-access=registration | url =https://archive.org/details/windowonmyheart0000lady/page/n5/mode/2up|edition=Girl Guides Association 1983 |ref=none}}</ref> | |||
* Rowena Margaret, born in Hanover Square, London 1926. In 1951, at Middlesex South, she married [[Lord Northbrook]].<ref> ''The diary of Olave Baden-Powell'' for Sunday 19 November 1950 [http://www.spanglefish.com/olavebadenpowell/index.asp?pageid=734921 – Index of people mentioned] {{ugs|date=March 2025}}</ref>{{fv|date=March 2025}} | |||
* Dora K. M., born in Hollingbourne, Kent, in 1928. She never married. | |||
Manning died in Hollingbourne, Kent, on 1 January 1932, aged 69.<ref>Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 4 January 1932</ref>{{fcn|date=March 2024}} | |||
==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
| Line 72: | Line 79: | ||
{{s-start}} | {{s-start}} | ||
{{s-gov}} | {{s-gov}} | ||
{{s-bef|before=[[Reginald Edward Stubbs]]<br><small>''acting governor''</small>}} | {{s-bef|before=[[Reginald Edward Stubbs]]<br /><small>''acting governor''</small>}} | ||
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of British Ceylon]]|years=1918-1925}} | {{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of British Ceylon]]|years=1918-1925}} | ||
{{s-aft|after=[[Cecil Clementi]]<br><small>''acting governor''</small>}} | {{s-aft|after=[[Cecil Clementi]]<br /><small>''acting governor''</small>}} | ||
{{s-end}} | {{s-end}} | ||
| Line 100: | Line 107: | ||
[[Category:British military personnel of the Hazara Expedition of 1888]] | [[Category:British military personnel of the Hazara Expedition of 1888]] | ||
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Council of Ceylon]] | [[Category:Members of the Legislative Council of Ceylon]] | ||
[[Category:British military personnel in colonial India]] | |||
[[Category:People from Droitwich Spa]] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:07, 12 March 2025
 | This article relies too much on references to primary sources. |
Sir William Manning | |
|---|---|
 Captain. W. H. Manning (photo taken from British Central Africa by Sir Harry Johnston 1897) | |
| 23rd Governor of British Ceylon | |
| In office 10 September 1918 – 1 April 1925 | |
| Monarch | George V |
| Preceded by |
|
| Succeeded by |
|
| Commissioner of British Somaliland | |
| In office February 1910 – November 1910 | |
| Preceded by | Harry Edward Spiller Cordeaux |
| Succeeded by | Horace Byatt |
| Governor of Nyasaland (acting) | |
| In office 6 February 1911 – 23 September 1913 | |
| Preceded by | Henry Richard Wallis (acting) |
| Succeeded by | George Smith |
| Governor of Jamaica | |
| In office 7 March 1913 – 11 May 1918 | |
| Monarch | Edward VII |
| Preceded by | Philip Clark Cork |
| Succeeded by | Robert Johnstone |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Henry Manning 19 July 1863 |
| Died | 1 January 1932 (aged 68) |
| Citizenship | British |
Brigadier-General Sir William Henry Manning GCMG KBE CB (19 July 1863 – 1 January 1932) was a British Indian Army officer and colonial administrator.
Early life[edit | edit source]
Manning was born in Droitwich on 19 July 1863. He was educated at the University of Cambridge as a non-collegiate student[1] and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was commissioned a lieutenant in the South Wales Borderers in 1886.[2] In 1888 he transferred to the Indian Army,[3] and served in the 51st Sikhs. He was wounded in the Second Burmese War and also served in the First Miranzai Expedition and the Hazara Expedition on the North-West Frontier in 1891. He commanded the Mlanja and Chirad-Zulu expeditions in British Central Africa in 1893–1894.
Diplomatic and military service in Africa[edit | edit source]
In 1897 he was appointed deputy commissioner and consul-general for British Central Africa and commander of its armed forces with the local rank of lieutenant-colonel,[4] and served as acting commissioner for nearly two years. He commanded the operations against Chief Mpezeni in North-East Rhodesia in 1898, for which he was promoted to brevet major in 1898[5] and brevet lieutenant-colonel in 1899.[6]
Manning raised and commanded the Central Africa Regiment and was the first inspector-general of the King's African Rifles from 1901 to 1907, with the local rank of brigadier-general, although his substantive rank was still captain.[7] During Spring 1902 he undertook an official tour through Uganda and the East African Protectorate, returning to England in June that year.[8] He was supposed to undertake a second tour of inspecting garrisons in British Somaliland, British Central Africa Protectorate, British East Africa and Uganda later the same year,[9] but shortly after his arrival in Africa he was re-directed to join the force gathered in Somaliland to fight Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.
He was in Somaliland by the middle of November 1902,[10] and in late December was appointed in command of the Somaliland Field Force.[11] From 1903 to 1904 he commanded its 1st Brigade. In April 1903 he fought against the Mad Mullah's army in battle, inflicting 2,000 casualties. For his services in Somaliland he was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1903[12] and Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1904.[13] In February 1904 he was promoted to brevet colonel[14] and in August 1904 he was finally promoted to the substantive rank of major.[15]
Commissioner of Somaliland and governor of Nyasaland[edit | edit source]
In February 1910 Manning was appointed commissioner and commander-in-chief of the Somaliland Protectorate[16] and in November 1910 Governor and C-in-C of the Nyasaland Protectorate,[17] where the border post Fort Manning (now Mchinji, Malawi) was named after him. He retired from the Indian Army in December 1910.[18]
Governor of Jamaica and governor of Ceylon[edit | edit source]
In February 1913 he became governor of Jamaica[19] and was granted the perpetual honorary rank of brigadier-general,[20] which he had held for most of his service since 1901. In September 1918 he was appointed governor of Ceylon. He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1918 and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in the 1921 New Year Honours.[21] He retired in 1925.[citation needed]
The Manning Cup school football competition in Jamaica was named after him.[citation needed]
Family[edit | edit source]
In 1920, he married Olga Mary Sefton-Jones. They had three daughters:[22][better source needed]
- Marie G. B., born in Marylebone, London in 1922. She married John F. Reid-Dick in 1947 at Staines.[23]
- Rowena Margaret, born in Hanover Square, London 1926. In 1951, at Middlesex South, she married Lord Northbrook.[24][failed verification]
- Dora K. M., born in Hollingbourne, Kent, in 1928. She never married.
Manning died in Hollingbourne, Kent, on 1 January 1932, aged 69.[25][full citation needed]
Footnotes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Manning, William Henry (MNN883WH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ↑ "No. 25619". The London Gazette. 24 August 1886. p. 4131.
- ↑ "No. 25864". The London Gazette. 9 October 1888. p. 5544.
- ↑ "No. 26897". The London Gazette. 5 October 1897. p. 5444.
- ↑ "No. 27045". The London Gazette. 24 January 1899. p. 463.
- ↑ "No. 27122". The London Gazette. 3 October 1899. p. 6005.
- ↑ "No. 27376". The London Gazette. 12 November 1901. p. 7294.
- ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36797. London. 18 June 1902. p. 14.
- ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36893. London. 8 October 1902. p. 4.
- ↑ "Operations in Somaliland". The Times. No. 36937. London. 28 November 1902. p. 5.
- ↑ "No. 27531". The London Gazette. 3 March 1903. p. 1418.
- ↑ "No. 27584". The London Gazette. 7 August 1903. p. 4982.
- ↑ "No. 27711". The London Gazette. 6 September 1904. p. 5776.
- ↑ "No. 27743". The London Gazette. 13 December 1904. p. 8561.
- ↑ "No. 27742". The London Gazette. 9 December 1904. p. 8455.
- ↑ "No. 28342". The London Gazette. 22 February 1910. p. 1326.
- ↑ "No. 28436". The London Gazette. 11 November 1910. p. 8073.
- ↑ "No. 28454". The London Gazette. 6 January 1911. p. 133.
- ↑ "No. 28691". The London Gazette. 18 February 1913. p. 1238.
- ↑ "No. 28687". The London Gazette. 4 February 1913. p. 846.
- ↑ "No. 32178". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1921. p. 5.
- ↑ "FreeBMD – Search".
- ↑ The diary of Olave Baden-Powell for 22 March 1947. – Index of people mentioned Template:Ugs
- Baden-Powell, Olave (1973). Window on My Heart: The Autobiography of Olave, Lady Baden-Powell, GBE. As told to Mary Drewery (Girl Guides Association 1983 ed.). Hodder and Stoughton.
- ↑ The diary of Olave Baden-Powell for Sunday 19 November 1950 – Index of people mentioned Template:Ugs
- ↑ Obituary, The Times, 4 January 1932
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Reginald Edward Stubbs acting governor |
Governor of British Ceylon 1918-1925 |
Succeeded by Cecil Clementi acting governor |