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{{ | {{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} | ||
{{speciesbox | {{speciesbox | ||
|image = Hydrangea arborescens 001.JPG | |image = Hydrangea arborescens 001.JPG | ||
|status = G5 | |status = G5 | ||
|status_system = TNC | |status_system = TNC | ||
|status_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.134902/Hydrangea_arborescens|title=''Hydrangea arborescens''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|author=NatureServe|publisher=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=31 May 2024|access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref> | |||
|genus = Hydrangea | |genus = Hydrangea | ||
|species = arborescens | |species = arborescens | ||
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=USDA>{{cite web|url= | |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=USDA>{{cite web|url=https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYAR |title=USDA Natural Resources Conservation Services: Plant Profiles. ''Hydrangea arborescens'' L |publisher=Plants.usda.gov |date= |access-date=2014-06-30}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''''Hydrangea arborescens''''', commonly known as '''smooth hydrangea''' | '''''Hydrangea arborescens''''', commonly known as '''smooth hydrangea''' or '''sevenbark''', is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] Hydrangeaceae. It is a small- to medium-sized, multi-stemmed, [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] up to {{convert|2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall <ref name=Cole>{{cite book |last1=Cole| last2=Witsell| last3=Gentry |title=Trees Shrubs and Woody Vines of Arkansas |date=2020 |publisher=The Ozark Society Foundation |isbn=9780912456003 |pages=252–253}}</ref> that is [[native plant|native]] to the eastern United States.<ref name=Weakley>{{cite web |url=http://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm |title=Weakley, Alan S. 2008 (working draft). Flora of Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, northern Florida, and surrounding areas. University of North Carolina Herbarium |publisher=Herbarium.unc.edu |date=2012-10-02 |accessdate=2014-06-30 |archive-date=2018-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006082209/http://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
The inflorescence is a [[corymb]]. | The inflorescence is a [[corymb]] up to {{convert|15|cm|in|}} wide. Showy, sterile flowers are usually absent or if present they are usually less than 1 cm in diameter on the edge of the [[panicles]].<ref name=Weakley/> Flowering occurs May to July. Fruit is a ribbed, brown capsule about 2 mm long. Many are produced in October and persist through the winter.<ref name=Cole/> | ||
The leaves are large (8 to 18 cm long), [[Opposite (leaf)|opposite]], [[Crenate|serrated]], [[leaf shape|ovate]], and [[deciduous]]. The lower leaf surface is glabrous or with inconspicuous fine hairs, appearing green; [[trichome]]s of the lower surface are restricted to the midrib and major veins. | The leaves are large (8 to 18 cm long), [[Opposite (leaf)|opposite]], [[Crenate|serrated]], [[leaf shape|ovate]], and [[deciduous]]. The lower leaf surface is glabrous or with inconspicuous fine hairs, appearing green; [[trichome]]s of the lower surface are restricted to the midrib and major veins. | ||
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The stem [[Bark (botany)|bark]] has a peculiar tendency to peel off in several successive thin layers with different colors, hence the common name "sevenbark".<ref name=Purdue/> | The stem [[Bark (botany)|bark]] has a peculiar tendency to peel off in several successive thin layers with different colors, hence the common name "sevenbark".<ref name=Purdue/> | ||
Smooth hydrangea can spread rapidly by [[stolon]]s to form colonies.<ref name=MO>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/PlantFinder/Plant.asp?code=K520 |title=Missouri Botanical Garden: ''Hydrangea arborescens'' |publisher=Mobot.org |date= |accessdate=2014-06-30}}</ref> | Smooth hydrangea can spread rapidly by [[stolon]]s to form colonies.<ref name=MO>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/PlantFinder/Plant.asp?code=K520 |title=Missouri Botanical Garden: ''Hydrangea arborescens'' |publisher=Mobot.org |date= |accessdate=2014-06-30 |archive-date=2011-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916102839/http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=K520 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
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==Distribution and habitat== | ==Distribution and habitat== | ||
Smooth hydrangea is widely distributed across the eastern United States—from southern New York to the [[ | Smooth hydrangea is widely distributed across the eastern United States—from southern New York to the [[Florida panhandle|panhandle of Florida]], west to eastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas. It is mainly found in mesic soils under the canopy of deciduous forests and is frequently found along small water courses and on woodland road waysides.<ref name=Lance>{{cite book|last=Lance|first=Ron|year=2004|title=Woody Plants of the Southeastern United States: A Winter Guide|publisher=The University of Georgia Press|isbn=0-8203-2524-4|page=162}}</ref> It is common in the [[Delaware River]] Valley and in the [[Appalachian Mountains]].<ref name=Weakley/><ref name=Purdue>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/herbhunters/hydrangea.html |title=Purdue University: Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. Smooth Hydrangea |publisher=Hort.purdue.edu |date=1998-04-03 |accessdate=2014-06-30}}</ref> | ||
It is a host plant of the [[hydrangea sphinx]] moth. | It is a host plant of the [[hydrangea sphinx]] moth. | ||
==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
This attractive | This attractive shrub is often cultivated for ornamental use.<ref name=Dirr>{{cite book|last=Dirr|first=Michael A.|title=Hydrangeas for American Gardens|publisher=Timber Press|year=2004|isbn=0881926418}}</ref>{{page number needed|date=June 2024}} In the [[UK]] the [[cultivar]] 'Annabelle' has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web | ||
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/63034/i-Hydrangea-arborescens-i-Annabelle/Details | | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/63034/i-Hydrangea-arborescens-i-Annabelle/Details | ||
| title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Hydrangea arborescens'' 'Annabelle' | accessdate=7 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 51 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 7 March 2018}}</ref> The cultivar 'Grandiflora' has | | title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Hydrangea arborescens'' 'Annabelle' | accessdate=7 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 51 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 7 March 2018}}</ref> The cultivar 'Grandiflora' has inflorescences which resemble [[snowball]]s, similar to ''[[Viburnum opulus]]'' 'Roseum'. | ||
It additionally | Smooth hydrangea root was used medicinally by the [[Cherokee]], and later, by early settlers for treatment of kidney and bladder stones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/hydran45.html |title=Mrs. M. Grieve. A Modern Herbal. ''Hydrangea arborescens'' |publisher=Botanical.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Hydrangea+arborescens |title=Plants for a Future: ''Hydrangea arborescens ''; |publisher=pfaf.org |date= |accessdate=2015-12-23}}</ref> | ||
It has additionally been marked as a pollinator plant, supporting and attracting bees and butterflies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Planting Guides|url=https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/OzarkBroadleafrx1FINAL_171017_085901.pdf|access-date=2022-01-29|website=Pollinator.org|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
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File:Hydrangea arborescens annabelle.JPG|'Annabelle' | File:Hydrangea arborescens annabelle.JPG|'Annabelle' | ||
File:Hills-of-Snow Hydrangea arborescens 'Grandiflora' Flowers 2606px.jpg|'Grandiflora' | File:Hills-of-Snow Hydrangea arborescens 'Grandiflora' Flowers 2606px.jpg|'Grandiflora' | ||
File:2020 year. Herbarium. Hydrangea arborescens. img-035.jpg|Leaf adaxial side | File:2020 year. Herbarium. Hydrangea arborescens. img-035.jpg|Leaf adaxial side | ||
File:2020 year. Herbarium. Hydrangea arborescens. img-036.jpg|Leaf abaxial side | File:2020 year. Herbarium. Hydrangea arborescens. img-036.jpg|Leaf abaxial side | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commonscat}} | {{Commonscat}} | ||
*[ | *[https://www.carolinanature.com/trees/hyar.html Cook, Will. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of North Carolina. Wild Hydrangea (''Hydrangea arborescens'').] | ||
*[http://www.hydrangeashydrangeas.com/annabelle.html Information on cultivar Annabelle] | *[http://www.hydrangeashydrangeas.com/annabelle.html Information on cultivar Annabelle] | ||
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/flower_wild_hydrangea.htm ''Hydrangea arborescens''] Large-format diagnostic photos and information | *[http://www.cirrusimage.com/flower_wild_hydrangea.htm ''Hydrangea arborescens''] Large-format diagnostic photos and information | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927110701/http://lakecounty.typepad.com/life_in_lake_county/2007/07/hydrangea-thoug.html Hydrangea Thoughts I] - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology). | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927110701/http://lakecounty.typepad.com/life_in_lake_county/2007/07/hydrangea-thoug.html Hydrangea Thoughts I] - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology). | ||
*[ | *[https://www.briartech.com/latespring/hydarb/phydarb.html Briartech.com: Smooth Hydrangea, ''Hydrangea arborescens''.] | ||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q278173}} | {{Taxonbar|from=Q278173}} | ||
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[[Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine]] | [[Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]] | [[Category:Plants described in 1753]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:31, 17 November 2025
| Hydrangea arborescens | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| : | [[Template:Taxonomy/Hydrangea]] |
| Species: | Template:Taxonomy/HydrangeaH. arborescens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Template:Taxonomy/HydrangeaHydrangea arborescens | |
Hydrangea arborescens, commonly known as smooth hydrangea or sevenbark, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. It is a small- to medium-sized, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall [3] that is native to the eastern United States.[4]
Description[edit | edit source]
The inflorescence is a corymb up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in) wide. Showy, sterile flowers are usually absent or if present they are usually less than 1 cm in diameter on the edge of the panicles.[4] Flowering occurs May to July. Fruit is a ribbed, brown capsule about 2 mm long. Many are produced in October and persist through the winter.[3]
The leaves are large (8 to 18 cm long), opposite, serrated, ovate, and deciduous. The lower leaf surface is glabrous or with inconspicuous fine hairs, appearing green; trichomes of the lower surface are restricted to the midrib and major veins.
The stem bark has a peculiar tendency to peel off in several successive thin layers with different colors, hence the common name "sevenbark".[5]
Smooth hydrangea can spread rapidly by stolons to form colonies.[6]
Taxonomy[edit | edit source]
At one time both ashy hydrangea (Hydrangea cinerea) and silverleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea radiata) were considered subspecies of smooth hydrangea.[7] However, most taxonomists now consider them to be separate species.[4][8]
Distribution and habitat[edit | edit source]
Smooth hydrangea is widely distributed across the eastern United States—from southern New York to the panhandle of Florida, west to eastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas. It is mainly found in mesic soils under the canopy of deciduous forests and is frequently found along small water courses and on woodland road waysides.[9] It is common in the Delaware River Valley and in the Appalachian Mountains.[4][5]
It is a host plant of the hydrangea sphinx moth.
Uses[edit | edit source]
This attractive shrub is often cultivated for ornamental use.[10]Template:Page number needed In the UK the cultivar 'Annabelle' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[11][12] The cultivar 'Grandiflora' has inflorescences which resemble snowballs, similar to Viburnum opulus 'Roseum'.
Smooth hydrangea root was used medicinally by the Cherokee, and later, by early settlers for treatment of kidney and bladder stones.[13][14]
It has additionally been marked as a pollinator plant, supporting and attracting bees and butterflies.[15]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
-
'Annabelle' -
'Grandiflora' -
Leaf adaxial side -
Leaf abaxial side
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ NatureServe (31 May 2024). "Hydrangea arborescens". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ↑ "USDA Natural Resources Conservation Services: Plant Profiles. Hydrangea arborescens L". Plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cole; Witsell; Gentry (2020). Trees Shrubs and Woody Vines of Arkansas. The Ozark Society Foundation. pp. 252–253. ISBN 9780912456003.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Weakley, Alan S. 2008 (working draft). Flora of Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, northern Florida, and surrounding areas. University of North Carolina Herbarium". Herbarium.unc.edu. 2012-10-02. Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Purdue University: Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. Smooth Hydrangea". Hort.purdue.edu. 1998-04-03. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ "Missouri Botanical Garden: Hydrangea arborescens". Mobot.org. Archived from the original on 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ McClintock, E. 1957. A monograph of the genus Hydrangea. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 29: 147-256.
- ↑ Pilatowski, Ronald E. A taxonomic study of the Hydrangea arborescens complex. Castanea 47: 84-98.
- ↑ Lance, Ron (2004). Woody Plants of the Southeastern United States: A Winter Guide. The University of Georgia Press. p. 162. ISBN 0-8203-2524-4.
- ↑ Dirr, Michael A. (2004). Hydrangeas for American Gardens. Timber Press. ISBN 0881926418.
- ↑ "RHS Plantfinder - Hydrangea arborescens 'Annabelle'". Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ↑ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 51. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ↑ "Mrs. M. Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Hydrangea arborescens". Botanical.com. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ "Plants for a Future: Hydrangea arborescens ;". pfaf.org. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
- ↑ "Planting Guides" (PDF). Pollinator.org. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Cook, Will. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of North Carolina. Wild Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens).
- Information on cultivar Annabelle
- Hydrangea arborescens Large-format diagnostic photos and information
- Hydrangea Thoughts I - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology).
- Briartech.com: Smooth Hydrangea, Hydrangea arborescens.