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Gauda–Gupta War: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.4|Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena (rubbing).<ref>For an actual photograph: {{cite web |title=Aphsad Inscription of Adityasena Siddham |url=http://siddham.uk/inscription/IN00209 |website=siddham.uk}}</ref>]] | [[File:Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.4|Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena (rubbing).<ref>For an actual photograph: {{cite web |title=Aphsad Inscription of Adityasena Siddham |url=http://siddham.uk/inscription/IN00209 |website=siddham.uk}}</ref>]] | ||
According to the [[Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena]] (seventh century) Kumaragupta (fourth King of the dynasty) was contemporary to the [[Maukhari]] King [[Ishanavarman]]. It is probable the first three [[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Gupta]] Kings were contemporary to the first three [[Maukhari]] Kings. It is further proven that the second King (Adityavarman) married Harshaguptā, the sister of the second [[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Gupta]] King (Harshagupta).{{sfnp|Goyal|1967|p=[https://archive.org/details/goyal-1967/page/364/mode/1up. 367]}} | According to the [[Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena]] (seventh century) Kumaragupta (fourth King of the dynasty) was contemporary to the [[Maukhari]] King [[Ishanavarman]]. It is probable the first three [[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Gupta]] Kings were contemporary to the first three [[Maukhari]] Kings. It is further proven that the second King (Adityavarman) married Harshaguptā, the sister of the second [[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Gupta]] King (Harshagupta).{{sfnp|Goyal|1967|p=[https://archive.org/details/goyal-1967/page/364/mode/1up. 367]}} | ||
== The War == | |||
[[File:Seal of Kumaragupta III.jpg|thumb|Bhitari copper-silver seal of Kumaragupta III.]] | |||
[[Ishanavarman]] may have been the contemporary of Jivitagupta I, who is known to have won against his enemies whether they stood on the Himalayas or on seashore (including the [[Gauda Kingdom]]). Ishanavarman also was victorious against the [[Gauda Kingdom|Gaudas]]. It likely possible that both of them defeated the same foes, the [[Gauda Kingdom|Gaudas]].{{sfnp|Goyal|1967|p=[https://archive.org/details/goyal-1967/page/364/mode/1up. 367]}}{{sfnp|Majumdar|1970|p=[https://archive.org/details/classicalage03bhar/page/40/mode/1up. 41]}} [[Ishanavarman]] is stated to have forced them to stay at their proper realm:{{sfnp|Dasagupta|1960|p=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12720/page/n204/mode/1up. 183]}} | |||
{{quote|'He caused the [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauḍas]], living on the sea-shore, in future to remain within their proper realm.'|translation of Hiranandi Sastri}} | |||
== | Gopachandra was most likely the contemporary ruler of the Gaudas who ruled over a portion of [[West Bengal]] and fought against [[Ishanavarman]]{{sfnp|Majumdar|Altekar|1954|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.2028/page/n212/mode/1up. 194]}} and Jivitagupta I.{{sfnp|Dasagupta|1960|p=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12720/page/n204/mode/1up. 203]}} Eventually, Gopachandra was driven back to the Deltaic region to the east of Bhāgīrathī. Jivitagupta probably fought against the independent [[Vanga Kingdom]] as well.{{sfnp|Dasagupta|1960|p=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12720/page/n204/mode/1up. 203]}} | ||
== Aftermath == | |||
=== Rise of Varmans === | |||
Bhutivarman's grandson, Sthitavarman (566–590), enjoyed victories over the [[Gauda Kingdom]] of [[Karnasuvarna]] and performed two [[aswamedha]] ceremonies suggests that the Kamarupa kingdom had recovered nearly in full. His son, Susthitavarman (590–600) came under the attack of Mahasenagupta of East Malwa. These back and forth invasions were a result of a system of alliances that pitted the Kamarupa kings (allied to the [[Maukhari]]s) against the [[Gauda Kingdom|Gaur]] kings of Bengal (allied with the East Malwa kings).<ref>{{Harvcol|Sircar|1990b|pp=106–107}}</ref> Susthitavarman died as the Gaur invasion was on, and his two sons, Suprathisthitavarman and Bhaskarvarman fought against an elephant force and were captured and taken to Gaur. They were able to regain their kingdom due probably to a promise of allegiance.<ref>{{Harvcol|Sircar|1990b|p=109}}</ref> Later near the sixth century, Bhaskara-varman of [[Kamarupa]], repulsed [[Gauda Kingdom|Gauda]] forces.{{sfnp|Dasagupta|1960|p=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12720/page/n204/mode/1up. 204]}} | |||
=== Rise of Shashanka === | |||
Some historians believe that Shashanka began his career as a feudatory chief (maha [[samanta]]) under Mahasenagupta, of the [[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Gupta Dynasty]].{{sfn|Sen|1999}} And that after the death of Mahasenagupta, Shashanka drove the later Guptas and other prominent nobles out of the region and established his own kingdom with his capital at [[Karnasubarna]]. Other historians like Sailendra Nath Sen is of the opinion that Mahasenagupta - already under pressure from the Maukharis (for failing to provide adequate protection) - wouldn't have knowingly appointed Shashanka to such an important position. Middleton (2015) argues in a similar vein that Shashanka served as ''maha samanta'' to a Gauda king, possibly [[Jayanaga]].{{sfn|Middleton|2015|page=330}} | |||
Whether Shashanka was a feudatory under the Maukharis or the Guptas is not known. By 605 C.E. following Mahasenagupta's death, Shashanka had established what became known as the [[Gauda Kingdom]]. From there, he issued gold coins to celebrate his triumph, and came to be addressed as ''Maharajadhiraja''. | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
=== Works cited === | |||
{{refbegin|2}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Barpujari |first1=H.K. |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam: From the Pre-historic Times to the Twelfth Century A.D. |date=1990 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggjDxAEACAAJ}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Dasagupta |first1=K.K |title=A comprehensive history of India, vol 3, Part1 |date=1960 |publisher=Peoples of Publishing House |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12720/page/n222/mode/1up}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Goyal |first1=S.R. |title=The history of the imperial Guptas, with a foreword by R.C. Majumdar |date=1967 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgIXnQEACAAJ}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Hemchandra|first1=Raychaudhuri |title=Political history of ancient India : from the accession of Parikshit to the extinction of the Gupta dynasty|date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563789-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory0000rayc/mode/1up}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=R.C. |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 03, The Classical Age |date=1970 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |url=https://archive.org/details/classicalage03bhar/page/40/mode/1up.}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Ramesh Chandra |last2=Altekar |first2=Anant Sadashiv |title=Vakataka Gupta age (Circa 200-550 A.D.) |date=1954 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.2028/page/n212/mode/1up}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Middleton |first1=John |title=World Monarchies and Dynasties. |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-45158-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R63ACQAAQBAJ}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Prasad |first1=Bindeshwari Prasad |title=Comprehensive History Of Bihar Vol.1; Pt.2 |date=1974 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534083/page/n245/mode/1up}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=N. S. |title=Ancient Indian history and civilization (Second ed.). |date=1999 |publisher=New Age International |isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC}} | |||
* {{Citation| last = Sircar| first = D C| contribution = Political History| year = 1990b| title = The Comprehensive History of Assam| editor-last = Barpujari| editor-first = H K| volume = I| pages = 94–171| place = Guwahati| publisher = Publication Board, Assam}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1= F. w |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.14 |date=1918 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108415/page/n135/mode/2up}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Tripathi |first1=Rama S. |title=History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0404-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tnh2QjGhMQC&pg=PA45}} | |||
{{refend}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gauda-Gupta War}} | |||
[[Category:Wars involving the Gupta Empire]] | |||
[[Category:History of Northeast India]] | |||
[[Category:Ancient Bengal]] | |||
[[Category:Military history of Bengal]] | |||
[[Category:6th century in India]] | |||
[[Category:Military history of India]] | |||
[[Category:Wars involving the states and peoples of Asia]] | |||
[[Category:Wars involving ancient India]] | |||
[[Category:550s conflicts]] | |||