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{{short description|Pakistan movement leader}} | {{short description|Pakistan movement leader (1872-1942)}} | ||
{{Use Pakistani English|date=February 2024}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
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|alt = | |alt = | ||
| honorific-prefix = [[Sir]] | | honorific-prefix = [[Sir]] | ||
|birth_name = Abdullah Haroon ({{ | |birth_name = Abdullah Haroon ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|عبداللہ ہارون}}}}) | ||
|birth_date = {{Birth-date|1872}} | |birth_date = {{Birth-date|1872}} | ||
|birth_place = [[Karachi]], British India | |birth_place = [[Karachi]], British India | ||
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|death_cause = | |death_cause = | ||
|resting_place = | |resting_place = | ||
|resting_place_coordinates = | |resting_place_coordinates = | ||
|other_names = | |other_names = | ||
|known_for = Politics ([[Pakistan Movement]] leader), Philanthropy | |known_for = Politics ([[Pakistan Movement]] leader), Philanthropy | ||
|education = | |education = | ||
|alma_mater = | |alma_mater = | ||
|spouse = | |spouse = [[Lady Abdullah Haroon]] | ||
|children = [[Yusuf Haroon]] and [[ | |children = [[Yusuf Haroon]], [[Mahmoud Haroon]], and [[Zeenat Haroon Rashid]] | ||
|parents = | |parents = | ||
|awards = | |awards = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Sir Abdullah Haroon''' ( | '''Sir Abdullah Haroon''' (1 January 1872 – 27 April 1942) ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|عبداللہ ہارون}}}}) (also spelled Seth Haji Sir Abdoola Haroon) was a British Indian [[politician]] and [[businessman]] who made major contributions towards developing and defining the role of [[Muslim]]s in economic, educational, social and political fields in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name=Dawn2/> | ||
==Early life and political career== | ==Early life and political career== | ||
Abdullah Haroon was born into a | Abdullah Haroon was born into a [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] [[Memon people|Memon]] family in 1872 at [[Karachi]], [[British India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33AMAQAAMAAJ&q=Abdullah+Hussain+Haroon+Sindhi |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=2007 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |pages=110 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88guEAAAQBAJ&q=Abdullah+Hussain+Haroon&pg=PT386 |title=The Frontier Gandhi: My Life and Struggle: The Autobiography of Abdul Ghaffar Khan |date=2021-02-01 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-81-949691-8-1 |language=en |quote=Haji Sir Abdullah Haroon was a wealthy businessman and philanthropist from belonged to the Memon trading community of Karachi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Soomro |first=Faiz Mohammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yAwNAAAAIAAJ&q=Abdullah+Hussain+Haroon+Sindhi |title=Cultural History of Sind |date=1977 |publisher=National Book Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref name=cybercity/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gma.org.pk/content.php?page=3|title=History of Memons - GONDAL MEMON ASSOCIATION|website=gma.org.pk|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019010821/http://gma.org.pk/content.php?page=3|url-status=dead}}</ref> He lost his father at an early age of four and was raised by his grandmother who was a deeply religious lady. Early in his life, he worked as an 'assistant bicycle repairman' for 4 annas (quarter of an Indian rupee). He deeply believed in the dignity of labor. Then in 1896, at the age of 24, he started his own business as a small merchant in Karachi. He soon became very successful and was called Sindh's 'Sugar King' by his contemporaries due to his business trades in sugar.<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn2/><ref name=TFT>{{cite news | url=https://thefridaytimes.com/18-Nov-2016/sindh-s-sugar-king |title=Sindh's Sugar King |date=18 November 2016|newspaper=The Friday Times newspaper (E-Paper Archives)|access-date=24 February 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224192718/https://thefridaytimes.com/18-Nov-2016/sindh-s-sugar-king|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
In | In 1913, he developed an interest in politics. He first became a member of the Karachi Municipality from May 1913 to September 1916. Again, he was a member of this body from 1 May 1921 to 21 August 1934.<ref name=Dawn/> | ||
Abdullah Haroon first joined the [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1917 and started to participate in the [[Independence movement]] of India. Soon he was disenchanted with the policies of the [[Congress party of India]] and joined the [[All-India Muslim League]] | Abdullah Haroon first joined the [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1917 and started to participate in the [[Independence movement]] of India. He was elected as a member of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] in 1924 and then re-elected twice in 1930 and 1934.<ref name=cybercity/> | ||
Soon he was disenchanted with the policies of the [[Congress party of India]] and joined the [[All-India Muslim League]] and remained its strong supporter till his death. In 1919, he became president of the Khilafat Committee of Sindh, a branch of the larger [[Khilafat Movement]] of India under the leadership of [[Muhammad Ali Jouhar]].<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn2/><ref name=Dawn/> | |||
He also served as president of the Sindh Provincial [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] from 1920 to 1930.<ref name=Dawn2/> | He also served as president of the Sindh Provincial [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] from 1920 to 1930.<ref name=Dawn2/> | ||
In 1930, he attended the All-India Muslim Conference and in the same year, he formed the [[Sind United Party]] on the pattern of the [[Unionist Party (Punjab)]] which called for the separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency, which | In 1930, he attended the All-India Muslim Conference and in the same year, he formed the [[Sind United Party]] on the pattern of the [[Unionist Party (Punjab)]] which called for the separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency, which actually materialised in April 1936 after the enactment of the [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act, 1935]]. Abdullah Haroon joined the [[All-India Muslim League]] in 1937.<ref name=Dawn/> Although his party won a plurality of seats in the 1937 provincial elections, it was not able to form the government as its leaders like Haroon and Sir [[Shah Nawaz Bhutto]] failed to be elected. He was knighted by King [[George VI]] in the 1937 Coronation Honours list and came to be known as Sir Abdullah Haroon.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34396 |supp=y|page=3077|date=11 May 1937}} (name listed as Seth Haji Abdoola Haroon)</ref> | ||
Meanwhile the decline of the Sind United Party led him to organize the [[All India Muslim League|Muslim League]] in [[Sindh]] in 1938 and he was elected its president in 1939.<ref name= | Meanwhile the decline of the Sind United Party led him to organize the [[All India Muslim League|Muslim League]] in [[Sindh]] in 1938 and he was elected its president in 1939.<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn2/> | ||
In October 1938, with the help of [[Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi]] and Pir [[Ali Muhammad Rashidi]], he organised the First Sind Provincial Muslim League Conference in Karachi, with [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] presiding. Participation in this conference was from all over India. Haroon headed the Reception Committee and his welcome address, which set the tone for the conference, was considered quite radical at the time. His warning was that, "We have nearly arrived at the parting of the ways and...it will be impossible to save India from being divided into Hindu India and Muslim India, both placed under separate federation". This also prepared the ground for adoption of the [[Lahore Resolution]] in March 1940.<ref name=Dawn/> | In October 1938, with the help of [[Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi]] and Pir [[Ali Muhammad Rashidi]], he organised the First Sind Provincial Muslim League Conference in Karachi, with [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] presiding. Participation in this conference was from all over India. Haroon headed the Reception Committee and his welcome address, which set the tone for the conference, was considered quite radical at the time. His warning was that, "We have nearly arrived at the parting of the ways and...it will be impossible to save India from being divided into Hindu India and Muslim India, both placed under separate federation". This also prepared the ground for adoption of the [[Lahore Resolution]] in March 1940. He also spoke at this historic event and endorsed the resolution.<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn/> | ||
Abdullah Haroon also was a member of the Muslim League Working Committee that drafted and endorsed the '[[Pakistan Resolution]]' on behalf of all Muslims of Sindh at the 27th Session of the Muslim League at [[Lahore]] on 23 March 1940.<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn2>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1478674 |author=Muhammad Ali Siddiqi|date=27 April 2019|title=The Haroon story|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref> | |||
==Death and legacy== | ==Death and legacy== | ||
Abdullah Haroon died on 27 April 1942 in [[Karachi]].<ref name=Dawn2/><ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1178378 |title= Leader with vision (Abdullah Haroon)|newspaper= Dawn | Abdullah Haroon died on 27 April 1942 in [[Karachi]].<ref name=Dawn2/><ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1178378 |title= Leader with vision (Abdullah Haroon)|newspaper= Dawn newspaper|author=Sharif al Mujahid|date= 27 April 2015|access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref> He had donated ten thousand rupees to the Muslim League at [[Allahabad]] in 1942. He was a philanthropist and active in social welfare projects throughout his life and contributed to many charitable institutions. According to [[Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust]], ..."he had given away a princely sum of Rs 88,961 to charities, which would be equivalent to about Rs 10 million today".<ref name=Dawn2/> | ||
The [[Pakistan Post]] | The [[Pakistan Post]] issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honour in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.<ref name=cybercity>{{cite web|url=http://www.cybercity-online.net/pof/sir_abdullah_haroon.html|url-status=dead|title=Sir Abdullah Haroon profile|website=Cybercity.net website|archive-date=19 March 2011|access-date=5 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319172753/http://www.cybercity-online.net/pof/sir_abdullah_haroon.html}}</ref> | ||
Abdullah Haroon was widely considered to be so honest in his conduct with people that even [[Mahatma Gandhi]] | Abdullah Haroon was widely considered to be so honest in his conduct with people that even [[Mahatma Gandhi]] | ||
had remarked about him, "I will trust this man with a blank cheque".<ref name=Dawn2/> | had remarked about him, "I will trust this man with a blank cheque".<ref name=Dawn2/> | ||
There is a major street named after him in [[Saddar]], Karachi called [[Abdullah Haroon Road]]. Its former name was Victoria Road | There is a major street named after him in [[Saddar]], Karachi called [[Abdullah Haroon Road]]. Its former name was Victoria Road and an official residence of [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], [[State Guest House (Pakistan)|10 Victoria Road]], was located there.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1513262 |author=Peerzada Salman|date=28 October 2019|title=This week 50 years ago: Victoria to Abdullah Haroon Road and fair price shops|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgJuAAAAMAAJ&q=Abdullah+Haroon |title=Pakistan (Karachi) pages 82, 123 and 124|website=Google Books website|year=1980|publisher=Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 64: | Line 66: | ||
[[Category:1872 births]] | [[Category:1872 births]] | ||
[[Category:1942 deaths]] | [[Category:1942 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Muslim League]] | [[Category:All-India Muslim League politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]] | [[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]] | ||
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]] | [[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]] | ||
[[Category:Knights Bachelor | [[Category:Indian Knights Bachelor]] | ||
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]] | [[Category:Indian philanthropists]] | ||
[[Category:Memon people]] | [[Category:Memon people]] | ||
[[Category:Haroon family|Abdullah]] | [[Category:Haroon family|Abdullah]] | ||
[[Category:Businesspeople from British India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 05:49, 3 January 2026
Abdullah Haroon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Abdullah Haroon (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) 1872 Karachi, British India |
| Died | 27 April 1942 (aged 69–70) Karachi, British India |
| Known for | Politics (Pakistan Movement leader), Philanthropy |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Abdullah Haroon |
| Children | Yusuf Haroon, Mahmoud Haroon, and Zeenat Haroon Rashid |
Sir Abdullah Haroon (1 January 1872 – 27 April 1942) (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) (also spelled Seth Haji Sir Abdoola Haroon) was a British Indian politician and businessman who made major contributions towards developing and defining the role of Muslims in economic, educational, social and political fields in the Indian subcontinent.[1]
Early life and political career[edit | edit source]
Abdullah Haroon was born into a Sindhi Memon family in 1872 at Karachi, British India.[2][3][4][5][6] He lost his father at an early age of four and was raised by his grandmother who was a deeply religious lady. Early in his life, he worked as an 'assistant bicycle repairman' for 4 annas (quarter of an Indian rupee). He deeply believed in the dignity of labor. Then in 1896, at the age of 24, he started his own business as a small merchant in Karachi. He soon became very successful and was called Sindh's 'Sugar King' by his contemporaries due to his business trades in sugar.[5][1][7]
In 1913, he developed an interest in politics. He first became a member of the Karachi Municipality from May 1913 to September 1916. Again, he was a member of this body from 1 May 1921 to 21 August 1934.[8]
Abdullah Haroon first joined the Indian National Congress party in 1917 and started to participate in the Independence movement of India. He was elected as a member of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1924 and then re-elected twice in 1930 and 1934.[5]
Soon he was disenchanted with the policies of the Congress party of India and joined the All-India Muslim League and remained its strong supporter till his death. In 1919, he became president of the Khilafat Committee of Sindh, a branch of the larger Khilafat Movement of India under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jouhar.[5][1][8]
He also served as president of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League from 1920 to 1930.[1]
In 1930, he attended the All-India Muslim Conference and in the same year, he formed the Sind United Party on the pattern of the Unionist Party (Punjab) which called for the separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency, which actually materialised in April 1936 after the enactment of the Government of India Act, 1935. Abdullah Haroon joined the All-India Muslim League in 1937.[8] Although his party won a plurality of seats in the 1937 provincial elections, it was not able to form the government as its leaders like Haroon and Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto failed to be elected. He was knighted by King George VI in the 1937 Coronation Honours list and came to be known as Sir Abdullah Haroon.[9]
Meanwhile the decline of the Sind United Party led him to organize the Muslim League in Sindh in 1938 and he was elected its president in 1939.[5][1]
In October 1938, with the help of Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi and Pir Ali Muhammad Rashidi, he organised the First Sind Provincial Muslim League Conference in Karachi, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah presiding. Participation in this conference was from all over India. Haroon headed the Reception Committee and his welcome address, which set the tone for the conference, was considered quite radical at the time. His warning was that, "We have nearly arrived at the parting of the ways and...it will be impossible to save India from being divided into Hindu India and Muslim India, both placed under separate federation". This also prepared the ground for adoption of the Lahore Resolution in March 1940. He also spoke at this historic event and endorsed the resolution.[5][8]
Abdullah Haroon also was a member of the Muslim League Working Committee that drafted and endorsed the 'Pakistan Resolution' on behalf of all Muslims of Sindh at the 27th Session of the Muslim League at Lahore on 23 March 1940.[5][1]
Death and legacy[edit | edit source]
Abdullah Haroon died on 27 April 1942 in Karachi.[1][8] He had donated ten thousand rupees to the Muslim League at Allahabad in 1942. He was a philanthropist and active in social welfare projects throughout his life and contributed to many charitable institutions. According to Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust, ..."he had given away a princely sum of Rs 88,961 to charities, which would be equivalent to about Rs 10 million today".[1]
The Pakistan Post issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honour in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.[5]
Abdullah Haroon was widely considered to be so honest in his conduct with people that even Mahatma Gandhi had remarked about him, "I will trust this man with a blank cheque".[1]
There is a major street named after him in Saddar, Karachi called Abdullah Haroon Road. Its former name was Victoria Road and an official residence of Prime Minister of Pakistan, 10 Victoria Road, was located there.[10][11]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Muhammad Ali Siddiqi (27 April 2019). "The Haroon story". Dawn newspaper. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ↑ Society, Pakistan Historical (2007). Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 110.
- ↑ The Frontier Gandhi: My Life and Struggle: The Autobiography of Abdul Ghaffar Khan. Roli Books Private Limited. 1 February 2021. ISBN 978-81-949691-8-1.
Haji Sir Abdullah Haroon was a wealthy businessman and philanthropist from belonged to the Memon trading community of Karachi
- ↑ Soomro, Faiz Mohammad (1977). Cultural History of Sind. National Book Foundation.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 "Sir Abdullah Haroon profile". Cybercity.net website. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ↑ "History of Memons - GONDAL MEMON ASSOCIATION". gma.org.pk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ↑ "Sindh's Sugar King". The Friday Times newspaper (E-Paper Archives). 18 November 2016. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Sharif al Mujahid (27 April 2015). "Leader with vision (Abdullah Haroon)". Dawn newspaper. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ↑ "No. 34396". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 May 1937. p. 3077. (name listed as Seth Haji Abdoola Haroon)
- ↑ Peerzada Salman (28 October 2019). "This week 50 years ago: Victoria to Abdullah Haroon Road and fair price shops". Dawn newspaper. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ↑ "Pakistan (Karachi) pages 82, 123 and 124". Google Books website. Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation. 1980. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
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