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Ares: Difference between revisions
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In the 2nd century AD ''Metamorphoses'' of [[Antoninus Liberalis]], when the monstrous [[Typhon]] attacked Olympus the gods transformed into animals and fled to Egypt; Ares changed into a fish, the Lepidotus (sacred to the Egyptian war-god [[Anhur]]). Liberalis's [[koine]] Greek text is a "completely inartistic" epitome of [[Nicander]]'s now lost ''Heteroeumena'' (2nd century BC).<ref>Myers, Sarah, University of Michigan, reviewing Celoria's translation in ''Bryn Mawr Classical Review'', 1994 ([http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1994/94.01.03.html on-line text]).</ref><ref>Francis Celoria points out that in Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'', Venus [Aphrodite's Roman equivalent], hides herself as a fish. See Celoria, Francis, Antoninus Liberalis, ''The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis'', A Translation with a Commentary, 1992, pp. 87, 186, eBook Published 24 October 2018, London, Routledge, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Eolzuv0eQC&dq=Antoninus+Liberalis+Typhon&pg=PA71] DOI https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315812755</ref> | In the 2nd century AD ''Metamorphoses'' of [[Antoninus Liberalis]], when the monstrous [[Typhon]] attacked Olympus the gods transformed into animals and fled to Egypt; Ares changed into a fish, the Lepidotus (sacred to the Egyptian war-god [[Anhur]]). Liberalis's [[koine]] Greek text is a "completely inartistic" epitome of [[Nicander]]'s now lost ''Heteroeumena'' (2nd century BC).<ref>Myers, Sarah, University of Michigan, reviewing Celoria's translation in ''Bryn Mawr Classical Review'', 1994 ([http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1994/94.01.03.html on-line text]).</ref><ref>Francis Celoria points out that in Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'', Venus [Aphrodite's Roman equivalent], hides herself as a fish. See Celoria, Francis, Antoninus Liberalis, ''The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis'', A Translation with a Commentary, 1992, pp. 87, 186, eBook Published 24 October 2018, London, Routledge, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Eolzuv0eQC&dq=Antoninus+Liberalis+Typhon&pg=PA71] DOI https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315812755</ref> | ||
===''Iliad''=== | |||
In [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', Ares has no fixed allegiance. He promises Athena and Hera that he will fight for the [[Achaeans (Homer)|Achaeans]] but [[Aphrodite]] persuades him to side with the [[Troy|Trojans]]. During the war, [[Diomedes]] fights [[Hector]] and sees Ares fighting on the Trojans' side. Diomedes calls for his soldiers to withdraw.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.792-5.834 5.830–834], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.576-5.626 5.590–605], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:21.400-21.433 21.410–414].</ref> Zeus grants Athena permission to drive Ares from the battlefield. Encouraged by Hera and Athena, Diomedes thrusts with his spear at Ares. Athena drives the spear home, and all sides tremble at Ares's cries. Ares flees to [[Mount Olympus]], forcing the Trojans to fall back.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.711-5.763 5.711–769], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.764-5.791 5.780–834], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.835-5.863 5.855–864].</ref> Ares overhears that his son Ascalaphus has been killed and wants to change sides again, rejoining the Achaeans for vengeance, disregarding Zeus's order that no Olympian should join the battle. Athena stops him. Later, when Zeus allows the gods to fight in the war again, Ares attacks Athena to avenge his previous injury. Athena overpowers him by striking him with a boulder.<ref>''Iliad'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:15.78-15.112 15.110–128], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:20.1-20.29 20.20–29], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:21.361-21.399 21.391–408].</ref> | |||