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Parshuram Bhau's Carnatic Campaign: Difference between revisions
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*[[Kingdom of Mysore]] becames Maratha tributary | *[[Kingdom of Mysore]] becames Maratha tributary | ||
*Mysore cedes roughly half of its territories to Allies | *Mysore cedes roughly half of its territories to Allies | ||
| casualties3 = [[Parshuram Bhau]] burned down all 6,000 houses in the town, with widespread sexual violence and abduction of Kannada women.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35217|title=Gazetteer Of The Bombay Presidency Vol Xv, Part Ii, Kanara|last=Not Available|date=1883}}</ref> | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Parshuram Bhau's Carnatic Campaign'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Chhatrapatis_of_Kolhapur/h1ADAAAAMAAJ?hl=en|title=Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur|publisher=Manohar Malgonkar|year=1971|pages=305}}</ref> (1790–1792) was a military expedition led by Maratha general Parshuram Bhau Patwardhan during the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]. As part of the alliance between the Maratha Empire, the British East India Company, and the Nizam of Hyderabad, the campaign targeted the Kingdom of Mysore under [[Tipu Sultan]]. Maratha forces advanced into the Carnatic region, capturing key fortresses and engaging Mysorean troops. The campaign played a significant role in weakening Mysore and contributed to the eventual Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792, which forced [[Tipu Sultan]] to cede territory and pay indemnities. | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
The Maratha-Mysore War ended after the final conflict during Mysore's successful siege of Bahadur Benda in January 1787, and the Marathas settled for peace with the kingdom of Mysore, to which [[Tipu Sultan]] obliged with the signing of the treaty of Gajendragad in April 1787. Tipu who was desperate to focus on defending Mysore from the British agreed to pay an annual tribute of 12 lakhs per year to the Marathas, to end hostilities with them, which would allow him to focus on his rivalry with the British.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hasan |first1=Mohibbul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkbJ6xA1_jEC&pg=PA105 |title=History of Tipu Sultan |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=9788187879572 |edition=Reprint |location=Delhi}}</ref><ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=175}}</ref> In addition to this Tipu agreed to return all territories captured by Hyder Ali from the Marathas.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Naravane |first1=Wing Commander (Retired) M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxsa3jtHoCEC&q=tipu+48+lacs+maratha&pg=PA175 |title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=APH Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-313-0034-3 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&dq=gajendragad+1787&pg=PA54 ''Anglo-Maratha relations, 1785-96'']</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Sailendra Nath Sen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&q=battle+of+gajendragad+mysore+marathas&pg=PA58 |title=Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785-96, Volume 2 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=9788171547890 |edition=Reprint |location=Bombay}}</ref> | The Maratha-Mysore War ended after the final conflict during Mysore's successful siege of Bahadur Benda in January 1787, and the Marathas settled for peace with the kingdom of Mysore, to which [[Tipu Sultan]] obliged with the signing of the treaty of Gajendragad in April 1787. Tipu who was desperate to focus on defending Mysore from the British agreed to pay an annual tribute of 12 lakhs per year to the Marathas, to end hostilities with them, which would allow him to focus on his rivalry with the British.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hasan |first1=Mohibbul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkbJ6xA1_jEC&pg=PA105 |title=History of Tipu Sultan |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=9788187879572 |edition=Reprint |location=Delhi}}</ref><ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=175}}</ref> In addition to this Tipu agreed to return all territories captured by Hyder Ali from the Marathas.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Naravane |first1=Wing Commander (Retired) M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxsa3jtHoCEC&q=tipu+48+lacs+maratha&pg=PA175 |title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=APH Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-313-0034-3 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&dq=gajendragad+1787&pg=PA54 ''Anglo-Maratha relations, 1785-96'']</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Sailendra Nath Sen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&q=battle+of+gajendragad+mysore+marathas&pg=PA58 |title=Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785-96, Volume 2 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=9788171547890 |edition=Reprint |location=Bombay}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Plan of the Siege of Seringapatam.jpg|thumb|Plan of the siege]] | [[File:Plan of the Siege of Seringapatam.jpg|thumb|Plan of the siege]] | ||
In order to hasten the arrival of Abercromby's force, Cornwallis dispatched companies of Hyderabadi and Marathan cavalry to meet and escort them to the area. On 10 February Abercromby's force arrived in camp, in spite of a sortie led by Tipu personally in an attempt to prevent the meeting from happening. | In order to hasten the arrival of Abercromby's force, Cornwallis dispatched companies of Hyderabadi and Marathan cavalry to meet and escort them to the area. On 10 February Abercromby's force arrived in camp, in spite of a sortie led by Tipu personally in an attempt to prevent the meeting from happening. From this point, the siege became a matter of routine, as the British lines slowly advanced on the island toward the fortress. On 23 February Cornwallis inspected the unfinished first parallel. That same day, Tipu sent out negotiators to end hostilities. | ||
==Aftermath== | ==Aftermath== | ||
Although fire ceased on 24 February, peace was not formally agreed until 18 March, when Tipu agreed to the severe terms of the [[Treaty of Seringapatam]]. Cornwallis made a preliminary demand that Tipu surrender two of his sons as hostages of war to guarantee Tipu's performance. On 26 February, in a ceremony immortalized in art by [[Robert Home]], who accompanied Cornwallis on the expedition, Tipu's sons, aged seven and eleven, were delivered with great pomp and circumstance to Cornwallis' care.<ref>Wickwire, p. 170</ref> | Although fire ceased on 24 February, peace was not formally agreed until 18 March, when Tipu agreed to the severe terms of the [[Treaty of Seringapatam]]. Cornwallis made a preliminary demand that Tipu surrender two of his sons as hostages of war to guarantee Tipu's performance. On 26 February, in a ceremony immortalized in art by [[Robert Home]], who accompanied Cornwallis on the expedition, Tipu's sons, aged seven and eleven, were delivered with great pomp and circumstance to Cornwallis' care.<ref>Wickwire, p. 170</ref> | ||
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==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]] | |||
==External link== | |||
*{{cite book|title=Cornwallis: The Imperial Years|url=https://archive.org/details/cornwallisimperi0000wick|url-access=registration|first=Franklin & Mary|last=Wickwire|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|location=Chapel Hill|year=1980|isbn=0-8078-1387-7|ref=Wickwire}} | |||