722
edits
no edit summary
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
No edit summary Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| (11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox Military Conflict | |||
| conflict = Capture of Torna | |||
| partof = [[The Maratha rebellion]] | |||
| date = 1646 | |||
| place = [[Torna fort]], [[Deccan]] | |||
| territory = The [[Marathas]] successfully captured the fort of Torna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadkarni |first=R.V |url=https://archive.org/details/rise-fall-of-maratha-empire-rv-nadkarni |title=Rise & Fall Of Maratha Empire |year=1946 |pages=52 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XJxeAAAAcAAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=A Copendium of the History of India |date=1870 |publisher=Gantz Bros. |pages=69 |language=English}}</ref> | |||
| result = Maratha victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=SarDesai |first=D. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sx-yDwAAQBAJ&q=captured+torna |title=India: The Definative History |date=2018 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=XV |isbn=978-0-429-96842-6 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GdBbBAAAQBAJ&q=captured+torna+from+the+adil+shahis |title=Southern India |date=10 August 2012 |publisher=Roli Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-7436-903-1 |language=English}}</ref> | |||
| status = | |||
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]] [[Maratha Empire]] | |||
| combatant2 = [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] | |||
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Shivaji]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Tanaji Malusare]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Netaji Palkar]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]]Baji Phalaskar<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]]Yesaji Kank<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mirza |first=Umair |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-marhattas-volume-02 |title=History of Marathas |date=March 1826 |year=1826 |pages=104 |language=English}}</ref> | |||
| commander2 = Mulla Ali Khan | |||
| strength1 = 1000 men<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dattātraya Baḷavanta Pārasanīsa |first=Charles Augustus Kincaid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwQ9AAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Maratha People: From the earliest times to the death of Shivaji |date=1968 |publisher=S. Chand |pages=134 |language=English}}</ref> | |||
| strength2 = 100-200 (possibly) | |||
| image = Torna Fort aka Kille Prachangad.jpg | |||
| caption = A modern view of the [[Torna fort]] | |||
}} | |||
'''Capture of Torna fort''' was led by [[Tanaji Malusare]], Baji Phalaskar and [[Netaji Palkar]] and some other trusted commanders, accompanied by [[Shivaji]], to capture the [[Torna Fort|fort of Torna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYFrgILWbIgC&q=Annexations |title=Shivaji and his times |publisher=London, New York, Longmans, Green and Co. |year=1920 |pages=26 |isbn=978-81-250-1347-1 |language=English}}</ref> The [[Marathi people|Marathas]] successfully occupied the fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kincaid |first=Charles Augustus |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmaratha01kincuoft |title=A history of the Maratha people |publisher=London,Milford |year=1918–1925 |pages=134}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kincaid |first=Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbVeDwAAQBAJ&q=Torna |title=Shivaji The Grand Rebel |publisher=Shrishti Publishers & Distributors |year=2018 |isbn=9789387022249 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kadam |first=Umesh Ashok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IBywEAAAQBAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=Deccan in Transition,1600 to 1800 |date=31 March 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=123 |isbn=978-1-000-85303-2 |language=English}}</ref> The battle marks the political empowerment and growing success of the [[The Maratha rebellion|Maratha rebellion]] led by Shivaji. | '''Capture of Torna fort''' was led by [[Tanaji Malusare]], Baji Phalaskar and [[Netaji Palkar]] and some other trusted commanders, accompanied by [[Shivaji]], to capture the [[Torna Fort|fort of Torna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYFrgILWbIgC&q=Annexations |title=Shivaji and his times |publisher=London, New York, Longmans, Green and Co. |year=1920 |pages=26 |isbn=978-81-250-1347-1 |language=English}}</ref> The [[Marathi people|Marathas]] successfully occupied the fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kincaid |first=Charles Augustus |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmaratha01kincuoft |title=A history of the Maratha people |publisher=London,Milford |year=1918–1925 |pages=134}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kincaid |first=Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbVeDwAAQBAJ&q=Torna |title=Shivaji The Grand Rebel |publisher=Shrishti Publishers & Distributors |year=2018 |isbn=9789387022249 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kadam |first=Umesh Ashok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IBywEAAAQBAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=Deccan in Transition,1600 to 1800 |date=31 March 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=123 |isbn=978-1-000-85303-2 |language=English}}</ref> The battle marks the political empowerment and growing success of the [[The Maratha rebellion|Maratha rebellion]] led by Shivaji. | ||
== Background == | |||
Capture of Torna fort was the beginning of the realisation of his cherished [[Swaraj|Hindvi Swarajya]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jx48AAAAMAAJ |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji:Coronation Tercentenary Commemoration Volume |date=1975 |publisher=University of Bombay |pages=50 |language=English}}</ref> In 1646, 16-19 years old [[Shivaji]] continues his insurgency against the [[Sultanate of Bijapur]] taking few advantages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=captured+torna |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Events & Dates |date=May 2009 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Limited |year=2009 |isbn=9788120740747 |pages=A70 |language=English}}</ref> The Bijapuri Sultan, [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Mohammed Adil Shah]] fell in an illness.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhar |first=Triloki Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPIEAAAQBAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=THE BATTERED HINDU: History of India from 712 A.D. to 1947 A.D |date=2014 |publisher=Mohini Publications |pages=150 |language=English}}</ref> The Torna fort had a small group of garrisons (possibly, 100-200 garrisons). But some mentions the size of the garrisons larger. Shivaji decided to capture the fort and marched to it accompanying with his trusted commanders. | |||
==Aftermath== | |||
Shivaji succeeded to capture the hill fortress of Torna which resulted as a victory for the Marathas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshman |first=John Clark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6r9XAAAAcAAJ&q=capturing+of+torna |title=The History of India from the Earliest Period to the Close of the Eighteenth Century |date=1863 |publisher=The British Library |pages=153 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert Leonard Offley Garrett |first=Stephen Meredyth Edwardes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4aqU9Zu7mFoC&q=captured+torna |title=Mughal rule in India |date=1995 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors |isbn=9788171565511 |pages=129 |language=English}}</ref> He utilized the treasure of 2 lakhs hoons he obtained after the fort's capture in enhancing his military power and the reconstruction of the [[Rajgad Fort|Rajgad fort]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7ZZzk8cXh8C&q=Hons |title=Pratiyogita Darpan, Series-16 Indian History–Medieval India |publisher=Upkar Prakashan |pages=138 |language=English}}</ref> As an action, the Sultan of Bijapur imprisoned the father of Shivaji, [[Shahaji|Shahaji Bhonsle]] in 1648 as his alleged conspiracy with Galconda at the time of war.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Stewart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&q=shahji+imprisoned |title=The Marathas 1600-1800 |date=16 September 1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |pages=57 |isbn=978-0-521-26883-7 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy Burman |first=J. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDZkX0PUEKQC&q=shahji+imprisoned |title=Hindu-Muslim Syncretic Shrines and Communities |date=2002 |publisher=Mittal Publications |publication-date=2002 |pages=32 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnKHBYNf-iUC |title=The Canbrige history of India |date=1963 |publisher=Rutgers University |pages=607 |language=English}}</ref> This condition resulted as dormancy in the insurgency led by Shivaji. He used the five years (1649-1655) to consolidate his army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhar |first=Triloki Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPIEAAAQBAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=THE BATTERED HINDU: History of India from 712 A.D. to 1947 A.D |date=2014 |publisher=Mohini Publications |pages=150 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Shripad Rama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hqY9AAAAMAAJ |title=Mughal Empire in India, 1526-1761 |date=1934 |publisher=Karnatak Printing Press |pages=557 |language=English}}</ref> Shahji was released on 16th May 1649 after an imprisonment of almost 10 months.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh Rana |first=Bhawan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWwyDQAAQBAJ&q=Shahji+was+released |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji |date=5 October 2016 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. |year=2016 |isbn=9789350830079 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kulkarnee |first=Narayan H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=faodAAAAMAAJ |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji, Architect of Freedom |date=1975 |publisher=Chhatrapati Shivaji Smarak Samiti |pages=LXXV |language=English}}</ref> Many sources claims, Shahji was freed after 3 to 4 years of imprisonment or released between 1653 and 1654.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elphinstone |first=Mountstuart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYpvCwAAQBAJ&q=shahji+was+released |title=History of India Vol.II |date=15 August 2014 |publisher=Normanby Publishers |year=2014 |isbn=9781782894780 |pages=465 |language=English |archive-url=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cowell |first=Edward Byles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VgOAAAAQAAJ&q=shahji+released |title=The History of India: The Hindú and Mahometan Periods · Part 20 |date=1866 |publisher=J. Murray |pages=xxiv |language=English}}</ref> But Shivaji didn't paused here completely, he captured several important forts including the fortresses of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=H. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deHZAUDHzYwC&q=capture+of+purandar+16 |title=Shivaji, the Great Maratha |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=9788177552867 |pages=ii |language=English}}</ref> [[Sinhagad|Kondhana]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh Sandhu |first=Gurcharn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi3cAAAAMAAJ |title=A Military History of Medieval India |date=2003 |publisher=Vision Books |isbn=9788170945253 |pages=720 |language=English}}</ref> and [[Chakan, Pune|Chakan]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMkKAQAAIAAJ |title=India: Medieval History (A.D. 1206-1761) |date=1988 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |pages=98 |language=English}}</ref> in that period. | |||
== See also == | |||
*[[Battle of Nesari]] | |||
*[[Mughal–Maratha Wars|Mughal–Maratha wars]] | |||
*[[Battle of Pratapgarh]] | |||
==Reference== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]] | |||