Sadharan Brahmo Samaj: Difference between revisions

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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=May 2009}}
{{unreferenced|date=December 2017}}
{{short description|Religious organization in Kolkata, India}}
{{short description|Religious organization in Kolkata, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
| name = The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj
| name = The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj
| native_name = {{lang-bn|সাধারণ ব্রাহ্ম সমাজ}}
| native_name = {{langx|bn|সাধারণ ব্রহ্ম সমাজ}}
| native_name_lang = bn
| native_name_lang = bn
| abbreviation =  
| abbreviation =  
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| predecessor = [[Brahmo Samaj]]
| predecessor = [[Brahmo Samaj]]
| established = {{start date and age|1878|05|15|df=yes|p=y}}
| established = {{start date and age|1878|05|15|df=yes|p=y}}
| founders = [[Ananda Mohan Bose]], [[Umesh Chandra Dutta]], [[Sivanath Sastri|Sivnath Sastri]]
| founders = [[Ananda Mohan Bose]], Umesh Chandra Dutta, [[Sivanath Sastri|Sivnath Sastri]]
| founding_location = {{nowrap|[[Calcutta]], [[British Raj|British India]]}}
| founding_location = {{nowrap|[[Calcutta]], [[British Raj|British India]]}}
| type = [[Religious organisation]]
| type = [[Religious organisation]]
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| location =  
| location =  
| area_served =  
| area_served =  
| languages = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| languages = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| leader_title =  
| leader_title =  
| leader_name =  
| leader_name =  
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| affiliations = [[Brahmoism]]
| affiliations = [[Brahmoism]]
| membership =  
| membership =  
| website = {{url|thesadharanbrahmosamaj.org/}}
| website = {{URL|thesadharanbrahmosamaj.org/}}
}}
}}
{{Infobox religion
| name                = [[Brahmoism]]
| caption_bagcgj  =
| image              =
| imagewidth          =
| alt        =
| caption            =
| abbreviation        =
| type                =
| main_classification =
| orientation        =
| scripture          = [[Brahmo Dharma]]
| theology            = [[Monotheism]]
| polity              =
| governance          =
| structure          =
| leader_title        = Pradhanacharya-1
| leader_name        = [[Ram Mohan Roy]]
| leader_title1      = Pradhanacharya-2
| leader_name1        = [[Dwarkanath Tagore]]
| leader_title2      = Pradhanacharya-3
| leader_name2        = [[Debendranath Tagore]]
| fellowships_type    =
| fellowships        =
| associations        = [[Brahmo Samaj]] ([[Adi Brahmo Samaj]] and [[Sadharan Brahmo Samaj]])
| area                =
| headquarters        =
| founder            = [[Ram Mohan Roy]]
| founded_date        = {{start date and age|1828|08|28|df=yes|p=y}}
| founded_place      = {{nowrap|[[Calcutta]], [[British Raj|British India]]}}
| separated_from      = [[Sanātanī]] [[Hinduism]]
| parent              =
| merger              =
| absorbed            =
| separations        =
| merged_into        =
| defunct            =
| hospitals          =
| nursing_homes      =
| aid                =
| congregations      =
| members            = <!-- or | number_of_followers = -->
| ministers          =
| missionaries        =
| temples            =
| primary_schools    =
| secondary_schools  =
| tax_status          =
| tertiary            =
| other_names        =
| publications        =
| website            = {{url|true.brahmosamaj.in/}}
| footnotes          =
}}
'''The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj''' ({{lang-bn|সাধারণ ব্রাহ্ম সমাজ, Shadharôn Brahmô Shômaj}}) is a division of [[Brahmoism]] formed as a result of schisms in the [[Brahmo Samaj]] in 1866 and 1878 respectively.
==The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj==
The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj was formed in a public meeting of Brahmos held in the Town Hall of Calcutta on 15 May 1878 (2nd Jaishta 1284 of the Bengali calendar). A letter from [[Maharshi Devendranath Tagore]] communicating his blessings and prayer for the success of the new Samaj was read in the meeting. At the time of its foundation the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj was headed by three men universally esteemed in Brahmo society for their high moral character. They were [[Ananda Mohan Bose]], [[Dwarkanath Ganguly|Dwarakanath Ganguly]], [[Sivanath Sastri|Sivnath Sastri]] and [[Umesh Chandra Dutta]]. Of those four [[Anandamohan Bose|Ananda Mohan Bose]] was the youngest, scarcely more than 31 years at the time, yet he was placed at the head of affairs.


==Sadharan Trust Deed of 1880==
'''The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj''' or '''Universal Brahmo Samaj''' is a division of [[Brahmoism]] formed as a result of schisms in the [[Brahmo Samaj]] first in 1866 and then another in 1878.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oman |first=John Campbell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4s3AQAAMAAJ |title=The Brahmans, Theists and Muslims of India: Studies of Goddess-worship in Bengal, Caste, Brahmaism and Social Reform |date=1907 |publisher=Fisher Unwin |pages=131 |language=en}}</ref>
The intrinsic Primary ('Adi') Principles for Brahmo Assembly and Worship are reiterated by the next Deed of Trust of 1880.


===Original doctrine and principles===
Due to ideological differences, [[Keshub Chandra Sen|Keshab Chandra Sen]], one of Brahmo Samaj's key leaders, formed a separate organisation called the Bramho Samaj of India in 1866. The new society was most influential in the struggle for social reform by encouraging education of women, campaigning for the remarriage of widows and for legislation to prevent child marriages.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Keshab Chunder Sen {{!}} Indian Social Reformer & Hindu Philosopher {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Keshab-Chunder-Sen |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* that faith in a Supreme Being and in Existence after Death is natural to man;
* that we regard the relation between God and men to be direct and immediate;
* that we do not believe in the infallibility of any man or any scripture;
* whatever book contains truths calculated to ennoble the soul or elevate the character is a Brahmo's scripture, and whoever teaches such truths is his teacher and guide.
* We regard the fourfold culture of man's intellect, conscience, affections, and devotion as equally important and equally necessary for his salvation.
* We consider love of God and doing the will of God as equally imperative in the routine of a Brahmo's life.
* We regard the culture of faith at the sacrifice of reason, or the culture of reason at the sacrifice of faith as equally defective, and as fruitful sources of evil in the religious world.
* We regard the worship of one God as the highest of a Brahmo's duties and as the best of means to improve the soul and the neglect of it as a way to spiritual death.
* We look upon the enjoyment of uncontrolled authority by a single individual in any religious community as a calamity, and far from looking upon freedom of thought as reprehensible, we consider it to be desirable, and regard it as a safe-guard against corruption and degeneracy.
* We regard the belief in an individual being a way to salvation, or a link between God and Man, as a belief unworthy of a Theist, and those who hold such belief as unworthy of the Brahmo name.
* We consider it to be blasphemy and an insult to the Majesty of Heaven to claim Divine inspiration for any act opposed to the dictates of reason, truth, and morality.


===Aims===
When Sen arranged for his daughter to marry the Prince of Cooch Behar, both parties were well under age. He was thus violating his own reformist principles, and many of his followers rebelled, forming a third samaj – Sadharan Brahmo Samaj, on May 15, 1878, at the Town Hall in Kolkata.<ref name=":0"/> [[Anandamohan Bose|Ananda Mohan Bose]], Shibchandra Deb and Umeshchandra Datta were the key leaders of it. [[Debendranath Tagore]] was actively involved with the organisation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-20 |title=Sadharan Brahmo Samaj takes West Bengal government to court |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sadharan-brahmo-samaj-takes-west-bengal-government-to-court/article23944009.ece |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj gradually reverted to the teaching of the [[Upanishads]] and carried on the work of social reform.<ref name=":0" />
<blockquote>From this day we intend devoting ourselves to the propagation of Brahmoism and to the furtherance of the interests of our Church, apart from some of those with whom we have so long acted, but relying for aid and support on Him in whose hands are the destinies of man who supports every noble purpose, and has all along invisibly regulated the course of our Church who, in His inscrutable ways, has given strength when our Church languished from very feebleness, has vouchsafed life when her very vitality seemed ebbing away, and who has led her out from the darkness and superstition that eclipsed her face. May He enable us to discharge this sacred mission may He once more fill all the members of our Church with new life and resuscitated energy may He cause the day of hope to dawn upon the darkness of despair may He lead us out of the regions of discord and disunion into those of peace and tranquillity may He bless our cause and lead the millions of our countrymen into truth and salvation.</blockquote>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* [http://thesadharanbrahmosamaj.org The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj] = The General Community of Worshippers of the One God.
* The movement was originally known as the Brahma Sabha (or Assembly of Brahman).
* A new premises at Chitpore (Jorasankoe) arranged by Dwarkanath Tagore.
* The appellation Brahmo Samaj (or Community of Brahman) was introduced in 1843 by Maharshi Devendra.Nath.Thakur for the Calcutta Brahmo Samaj.  The First Brahmo Schism of 1866 engendered the 2 modern branches of Brahmoism viz.  "Adi Brahmo Samaj" and "Sadharan Brahmo Samaj" (previously the general body of erstwhile Brahmo Samaj of India).


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Anti-caste movements]]
[[Category:Anti-caste movements]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:New religious movements]]
[[Category:Hindu new religious movements]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Religion in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Religion in Kolkata]]
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[[Category:1878 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:1878 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Universalism]]
[[Category:Universalism]]
{{Hinduism-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:23, 30 October 2025


The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj
Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
Sadharan Brahmo Samaj building, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata
PredecessorBrahmo Samaj
Established15 May 1878 (148 years ago) (1878-05-15)
FoundersAnanda Mohan Bose, Umesh Chandra Dutta, Sivnath Sastri
Founded atCalcutta, British India
TypeReligious organisation
PurposeEducational, Philanthropic, Religious studies, Spirituality
HeadquartersKolkata, West Bengal, India
Official languages
Bengali, English
Main organ
Governing Body & Council Body
AffiliationsBrahmoism
Websitethesadharanbrahmosamaj.org

The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj or Universal Brahmo Samaj is a division of Brahmoism formed as a result of schisms in the Brahmo Samaj first in 1866 and then another in 1878.[1]

Due to ideological differences, Keshab Chandra Sen, one of Brahmo Samaj's key leaders, formed a separate organisation called the Bramho Samaj of India in 1866. The new society was most influential in the struggle for social reform by encouraging education of women, campaigning for the remarriage of widows and for legislation to prevent child marriages.[2]

When Sen arranged for his daughter to marry the Prince of Cooch Behar, both parties were well under age. He was thus violating his own reformist principles, and many of his followers rebelled, forming a third samaj – Sadharan Brahmo Samaj, on May 15, 1878, at the Town Hall in Kolkata.[2] Ananda Mohan Bose, Shibchandra Deb and Umeshchandra Datta were the key leaders of it. Debendranath Tagore was actively involved with the organisation.[3] The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj gradually reverted to the teaching of the Upanishads and carried on the work of social reform.[2]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Oman, John Campbell (1907). The Brahmans, Theists and Muslims of India: Studies of Goddess-worship in Bengal, Caste, Brahmaism and Social Reform. Fisher Unwin. p. 131.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Keshab Chunder Sen | Indian Social Reformer & Hindu Philosopher | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  3. ↑ "Sadharan Brahmo Samaj takes West Bengal government to court". The Hindu. 20 May 2018. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 28 July 2023.

External links[edit | edit source]

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