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 {{Short description|Soap operas written, produced, and filmed in India, with characters played by Indians}}
 {{Distinguish|Bollywood}}
+{{Multiple issues|
 {{Copy edit|for=grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling|date=December 2024}}
+{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
+}}
 {{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
 '''Indian television dramas''', often called '''Indian series''' or '''serials''', are scripted [[Television show|television programs]] made in [[India]], featuring Indian actors. These dramas are broadcast on Indian television networks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer? |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124033218/https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sakshipost}}</ref><ref>Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"</ref>
+India's first television drama, ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,700 episodes as of 2025, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and [[soap opera]], airing for 16 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref>
-India's first television drama, ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,500 episodes as of 2024, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and [[soap opera]], airing for 16 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref>
+Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture|date=21 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref>
-Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref>
+==Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)==
+[[Hum Log (TV series)|''Hum Log'']] was India's first television [[drama]], airing from 1984 to 1985 with a total of 154 episodes.<ref name="Kohli2006">{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Vanita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hllyb6ymMy0C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA1 |title=The Indian Media Business |date=14 June 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761934691 |pages=1– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> At the time, it was the longest-running serial in Indian television history. The show attracted around 60 million viewers, with each episode lasting about 25 minutes, except for the final episode, which was about 55 minutes long.<ref name="Gokulsing2004">{{cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC&pg=PA32 |title=Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas |publisher=Trentham Books |year=2004 |isbn=9781858563213 |pages=32– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref>
+Veteran [[Hindi film]] actor [[Ashok Kumar]] appeared at the end of each episode, where he discussed the story and situations using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors playing the characters and ended his monologues with variations of the phrase "Hum Log."
-==Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)==
-[[Hum Log (TV series)|''Hum Log'']] was India's first television [[drama]], airing from 1984 to 1985 with a total of 154 episodes.<ref name="Kohli2006">{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Vanita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hllyb6ymMy0C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA1 |title=The Indian Media Business |date=14 June 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761934691 |pages=1– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> At the time, it was the longest-running serial in Indian television history. The show attracted around 60 million viewers, with each episode lasting about 25 minutes, except for the final episode, which was about 55 minutes long.<ref name="Gokulsing2004">{{cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC&pg=PA32 |title=Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas |publisher=Trentham Books |year=2004 |isbn=9781858563213 |pages=32– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Veteran [[Hindi film]] actor [[Ashok Kumar]] appeared at the end of each episode, where he discussed the story and situations using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors playing the characters and ended his monologues with variations of the phrase "Hum Log."
 === Evolution of Television Serials (1985–2017) ===
 Television serials have undergone significant transformations over the years, reflecting changing audience preferences, societal shifts, and advancements in production quality. The evolution can be broadly categorized into the following phases:
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 | style="text-align: center;" | 2003–2006
 | style="text-align: center;" |
-* Family Tv Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
+* Family TV Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
 |
 * [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]
@@ Line 113: / Line 118: @@
 * [[Tumhari Disha]]
 * [[Kasamh Se]]
+* Aakrosh(2004-series)
+*[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]
 |
-* In 2005 Integration episode(Mahasangam), Tv star Guest appearances ,Film actor Guest appearances for Promotion of film started to begin in serials<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big screen actors Sanjay Dutt and Sunil Shetty will soon appear on small screen to promote Apoorva Lakhia's forthcoming film Shootout At Lokhandwala|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanju-sunil-together-again/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 May 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=इतिहास रचने वाला सीरियल:'क्योंकि सास भी कभी बहू थी' को 20 साल पूरे, एकता बोलीं- गुजरात भूकंप के वक्त लोगों ने टीवी बाहर रख इसे देखा था
+* From 2003 a type of trend start to begin to  have a different joint combination of male antagonist and female antagonist  to make the series more interesting,still this kind of trend is maintained
+**[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]....year 2004...(Anshu virani & Tanya)
+**[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)]]....year 2003...(Dr Umesh  and Dr Simran Chopra)
+**[[Dishayen]]...season2  ...year 2003...(Sameer and soniya)
+**[[Kolangal (TV series)]]....year 2004...(Adhi and Rekha);
+**[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]....year 2006...(Harsh and Sindoora)
+**[[Deivamagal]]....year 2016...(Nambi and Gayathri anniyar)
+**[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)]]...year 2007...(Pratham mittal and Samapda)
+* In 2005 Integration episode(Mahasangam), TV star Guest appearances, Film actor Guest appearances for Promotion of film started to begin in serials<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big screen actors Sanjay Dutt and Sunil Shetty will soon appear on small screen to promote Apoorva Lakhia's forthcoming film Shootout At Lokhandwala|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanju-sunil-together-again/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 May 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=इतिहास रचने वाला सीरियल:'क्योंकि सास भी कभी बहू थी' को 20 साल पूरे, एकता बोलीं- गुजरात भूकंप के वक्त लोगों ने टीवी बाहर रख इसे देखा था
 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/ekta-kapoor-celebrates-20-years-of-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-127473578.html|date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> and reboot, spin off of more seasons were made for serial popularity.
 * ''[[Sahara One]]'' launched novel based serial ''[[Sahib Biwi Gulam]]'' series is based on the 1953 Bengali novel [[Saheb Bibi Golam]] by ''[[Bimal Mitra]]'' which starred Actor ''[[Raveena Tandon]]'' was directed by [[Rituparno Ghosh]] with 104 episodes
-* ''Grihdaah'' Tv drama based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's epic novel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grihdaah ...A classic based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand.
+* ''Grihdaah'' TV drama based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's epic novel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grihdaah ...A classic based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand.
 |url=https://www.samvaad.com/tv-production/grihdaah.htm }}</ref>
 *''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'', ''[[Virrudh]]'', ''Shikwah'', ''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'' had been critically acclaimed for its story and power packed performances.
@@ Line 126: / Line 141: @@
 | style="text-align: center;" |
 * In mid 2006 few family dramas came with two heroine leads with  (Khatte Meethe version) Contrasting personalities,This trend had popularity after ''[[Uttaran]]'' followed by'' [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'', ''[[Amrit Manthan]]'' & ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''.
-* whereas in (2001-2010) past years serials dealt with [[twin]]s and similar faces [[Doppelgänger]] were popular
+* whereas in (2001–2010) past years serials dealt with [[twin]]s and similar faces [[Doppelgänger]] were popular
-*Multi heroine leads in tv soaps were launched.Eg.
+*Multi heroine leads in TV soaps were launched.E.g.
 **''[[Kahiin to Hoga]]''
 ** ''[[Maayka]]''
@@ Line 145: / Line 160: @@
 ** ''[[Uravugal]]''
 * This (Khatte Meethe version contrasting personality) trend took South TV serials after the remake of ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' from 2013
-*During mid 2006's love story serials increased which attracted only the specific audience younger generation at that time and could not extend long run .so the content makers started to develop family dramas which included romance to cover the whole mass audience with all age groups (Middle aged and old).Eg.
+*During mid 2006's love story serials increased which attracted only the specific audience younger generation at that time and could not extend long run .so the content makers started to develop family dramas which included romance to cover the whole mass audience with all age groups (Middle aged and old).E.g.
 **''[[Sanjog Se Bani Sangini]]''
 **''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere liye]]''
@@ Line 160: / Line 175: @@
 * ''TV serials which brought negative role as second main lead''
 * ''Gharana''....Role Pranjal Kothari
+*''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]''....Role Mallika Seth
+*''[[Lipstick (TV series)]]''....Role Sheetal Singhania
+*''[[Main Banoongi Miss India]]''...Role Sanjana Gujral
 *''[[Lakshmi (2006 TV series)|Lakshmi]]''....Role Nethra
 * ''[[Kayamath]]''....Role Ayesha
@@ Line 169: / Line 187: @@
 * ''[[Thalayanai Pookal]]''..Role Kalpana & Mallika
 * ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden (TV series)|Devathaiyai Kanden]]''...Role Bavithra
-* ''[[Saarrthi|Saarrthi season 2]]''...Role Shefali Yuvraj Goenka
+* ''[[Saarrthi]]''...Role Shefali Yuvraj Goenka (Adita Wahi / Tiya Gandwani as Shefali Yuvraj Goenka (2004–2006) / (2006–2007))
-* ''Chandralekha''...Role lekha
+* ''Chandralekha''...Role Lekha
 *''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani season2]]''...Role Archana
 *''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''....Role by Actor Sonica Handa as Gayatri Raisinghania(pivotal role)
 *''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''.... Role by Actor Simone Singh as Sakshi Goenka (Pivotal role)
 *Pivotal roles which stole the screen space and  matched to lead
-**eg: The character of  Thiripura Sundhari Laxmanan played by ''[[Yuvarani]]''
+**e.g.: The character of  Thiripura Sundhari Laxmanan played by ''[[Yuvarani]]''
 **'' Bhuvaneshwari Laxmanan''  played by ''[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]]'' / ''[[Sudha Chandran]]'' in ''[[Thendral]]'' which had 3 main leads
 **'' [[Rupal Patel]] ''as Kokila Desai Modi  in ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' which had two main leads	**''Takurain'' played by ''Asmita Sharma'' in ''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]]''
 **''Abiramavalli "Abirami" Madhan''played by ''Brinda Das'' in ''[[Anandham (TV series)]]''
 |
+*From 2003 First TV serial which brought second role as negative lead e.g.:''[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)]]''....[[Rupali Ganguly]] as Dr Simran
 *(2008–16) Village people Dramas were very popular
 * After the serial of ''[[Durgesh Nandinii]]'', and ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' More tele serials popped up related to obstacles faced by Rural life of residing people
@@ Line 196: / Line 215: @@
 ** ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]''.
 * 2013:''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'' which was produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] inspired on [[Saraswatichandra (novel)|Saraswatichandra]] by [[Govardhanram Tripathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|title=Saraswatichandra not a love story|website=Live Mint|date=30 March 2013 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328112036/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
+*2014:''[[Yudh (TV series)]]'' is ''[[psychological thriller]]'' & ''[[miniseries]]'' starred [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Sarika]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Mona Wasu]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] and [[Kay Kay Menon]]
 * 2016:''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]'' which is Musical drama television series of two sisters who are musical singers which puts them in distance,rivalry and misunderstandings.
 |-
@@ Line 202: / Line 222: @@
 * Few tele series made with T.v main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type of roles.which created strong impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anaami from Chakravyuh to Ragini from Agnifera: We need more such feisty girls to transform Indian TV
 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/photo/anaami-from-chakravyuh-to-ragini-from-agnifera-we-need-more-such-feisty-girls-to-transform-indian-tv-lifetv-989607-2017-08-16/2 |website=indiatoday|date=16 August 2017 |access-date=2018-07-14}}</ref>
-*In mid 2000's Tv serial from Balaji Telefilms Limited which launched a Tamil serial with new rare concept ''Kanavaru kaha''which had 2 leads The Main lead was Actor Sujitha & the serial had next lead character played by Ahalya fame Tinky Simar Kaur as Padmini with Strong headed personality.
+*In mid 2000's TV serial from Balaji Telefilms Limited which launched a Tamil serial with new rare concept ''Kanavaru kaha''which had 2 leads The Main lead was Actor Sujitha & the serial had next lead character played by Ahalya fame Tinky Simar Kaur as Padmini with Strong headed personality.
 *Parvati sehgal played second lead with negative shades and aggressive type in [[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parvati Sehgal interview|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parvati-sehgal-quits-pratigya/articleshow/11399631.cms|website=times of india|date=7 January 2012 |access-date=2012-01-07}}</ref>
 |
@@ Line 211: / Line 231: @@
 *[[Azhagu (TV series)]]...VJ Sangeetha as Poorna
 |
-*From 2017 Rural based dramas were decreased ,Rural based dramas had strong content which ran for short period of time [[Laado 2]] which was the sequel of the 2009-2012 series [[Na Aana Is Des Laado]] ran for 7 months ending 130 episodes,There was a change in viewers point of view
+*From 2017 Rural based dramas were decreased, Rural based dramas had strong content which ran for short period of time [[Laado 2]] which was the sequel of the 2009–2012 series [[Na Aana Is Des Laado]] ran for 7 months ending 130 episodes,There was a change in viewers point of view
 |}
@@ Line 218: / Line 238: @@
 *[[Kadhal Pagadai]] (1996) series acted by [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] & [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] directed by veteran Tamil film director [[K. Balachander]].
 *Bangle Box	by Actor [[Nandita Das]].
+* Suno Re Kissa (1991) by [[Manoj Bajpayee]] in Theatrical Play format
+===2000's Telefilms in Televised series format(Biweekly/rare sometimes monthly ) ===
+*MTV Fully Faltoo  by [[MTV (Indian TV channel)]] for a period of approx.ten years
 ===Rapid Expansion and Emerging Trends in the Early 2000s===
 In 2002, [[StarPlus]] aired a [[Historical drama|period drama]] miniseries titled ''Asoka'', based on the [[Asoka (2001 film)|2001 film of the same name]]. The series had a limited run of five episodes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Keep date with Asoka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226223107/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |archive-date=2018-02-26 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=indya.com - Asoka |url=http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414053116/http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |archive-date=2003-04-14 |access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref>
@@ Line 232: / Line 257: @@
 ====Biographical Dramas====
 Biographical dramas based on historical figures gained popularity on Indian television. Notable examples include ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'', ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'', ''[[Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]], [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|Rudramadevi]]''. These shows depicted significant moments and figures from Indian history.
 ====Comedy Shows====
 Popular comedy shows include ''[[Khushiyan]]'', ''Soni Mahiwal'', ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]'', ''[[Bhaskar Bharti]]'', ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]]'', ''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]]'', ''[[Maddam Sir]]''.
 ====Comedy Sitcoms====
 Well-known sitcoms include
-*''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]'', and ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''.
+*[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]
-*Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' are still considered among the best in India.
+*Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'',''[[Karyam Nissaram (TV series)|Karyam Nissaram]]'' are still considered among the best in India.
 *''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]''
 *''Hum Saath Aaat Hain''
@@ Line 248: / Line 275: @@
 *''[[Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi]]''
 *''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|FIR]]''
+*''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]''
 *''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]''
 *''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]''
@@ Line 258: / Line 286: @@
 ====Crime Dramas and Thriller Series====
 Crime dramas have been a staple of Indian television. [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']] (1998–2018) followed a team of detectives from Mumbai's Crime Investigation Department and became the longest-running crime show in India, airing for 20 years. Other notable crime and thriller series include ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]'', ''[[Jasoos Vijay]]'', [[Special Squad (Indian TV series)|''Special Squad'']], ''[[Monica Mogre – Case Files]]'', [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']], [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']], [[24 (Indian TV series)|''24'']], [[CIF (TV series)|''CIF'']], and ''[[Zindagi Badal Sakta Hai Hadsaa]]''.
 ==== Cultural clash serials====
 *''[[Firangi Bahu]], [[Anandibaa Aur Emily]]'':Son weds foreign girl and brings her as bahu in his home,culture clash arises between Indian mother in law and foreign daughter in law.
@@ Line 273: / Line 302: @@
 ====Fantasy Series====
-Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'', ''[[Arslaan]]'', ''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'', ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'', ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and ''Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha'' were popular in the early 2000s. [[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga|''Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga'']] aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 2018 to 2021.
+Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'', ''[[Arslaan]]'', ''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'', ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'', ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and ''Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha'' were popular in the early 2000s. ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]'' aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 2018 to 2021.
 ====Flight Attendant and Aviation-Related Series====
-Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|''Airlines'']], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include [[Saara Akaash|''Saara Akaash'']] and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'', centered on the air force.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>
+Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|''Airlines'']], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include ''[[Saara Akaash]]'' and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'', centered on the air force.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>
 ====Historical Series====
@@ Line 282: / Line 311: @@
 Other popular historical series include ''[[21 Sarfarosh – Saragarhi 1897]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Bharatvarsh (TV series)|Bharatvarsh]]'', ''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]'', ''[[Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani]]''.
 ====Historical Comedy Drama====
 [[Tenali Rama (TV series)|''Tenali Rama'']], based on the life of the Telugu poet [[Tenali Ramakrishna]], aired on Sony SAB starting on 11 July 2017.
 ==== Language Fun series(edutainment show)====
-''Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain'':2008 series of ''Imagine TV (NDTV Imagine)'' played by Shernaz Patel who played the role of a English Language Trainer in Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain
+''Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain'':2008 series of ''Imagine TV (NDTV Imagine)'' played by Shernaz Patel who played the role of an English Language Trainer in Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain
 ====Legal Drama Series====
 In 1993, [[DD Metro]] aired ''[[Kanoon (TV series)|Kanoon]]'', a courtroom drama with 111 episodes produced by [[B. R. Chopra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19931215-b-r-chopra-back-on-tv-with-courtroom-drama-811942-1993-12-15|title=B R Chopra back with courtroom drama|date=15 December 1993 |access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> Another notable legal drama was [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']] (2010–2016), which focused on a defense lawyer, Advocate K. D. Pathak, played by [[Ronit Roy]].
 ====Naagina series|Vishkanya|Bhoothani series ====
-*Naagina series
+*''Naagina'' series
 **''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''
 ** ''[[Nandini (TV series)]]''
 **''[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|''Naaginn'']]''
-*Vishkanya series
+*''Vishkanya'' series
 **Vishkanya Ek Anokhi Prem Kahani,''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]'',
-*Bhootani series
+*''Bhootani'' series
 **''Hawayein''(2004 series):Romantic series of Resham, Ghost & Shahid, a human.
@@ Line 304: / Line 335: @@
 ====Political family drama ====
-*''[[Sarrkkar – Risshton Ki Ankahi Kahani]]'';Penned by [[Shobhaa De]], the serial was produced by [[Siddhant Cinevision]]
+*''[[Sarrkkar – Risshton Ki Ankahi Kahani]]'';Penned by [[Shobhaa De]], the serial was produced by [[Siddhant Cinevision]], [[Zee TV]] in 2005–2006..
-*[[Zee TV]] in 2005–2006..
 ====Revenge Series====
 Revenge-thriller shows gained significant attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 revenge dramas on Indian TV with dramatic twists; from Mouni Roy's Naagin to Nakuul Mehta's Ishqbaaz|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/top-5-revenge-dramas-on-indian-tv-with-dramatic-twists-from-mouni-roys-naagin-to-nakuul-mehtas-ishqbaaz-1338429|website=pinkvilla.com|date=12 August 2024 }}</ref> such as
-*''Kasamm''(1999-2000)(First revenge series in Indian drama)
+*''Kasamm''(1999–2000)(First revenge series in Indian drama)
 * ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''(2014)
-*''[[Beyhadh]]''(2016-17)
+*''[[Beyhadh]]''(2016–17)
 ====Royal family or Ancestral family series====
 *'''Love story:(Drama)'''
-**''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat (TV series)|Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat ]]''
+**''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat (TV series)|Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat]]''
 * '''Family drama story''':(Drama)
 **''Thirumagal'':Family Feuds, Greed, Ego and Value Destruction,Usurp,fraud,Murder to get Royal position status :
@@ Line 324: / Line 354: @@
 ====Science Fiction Series====
-[[Captain Vyom|''Captain Vyom'']], an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s.
+''[[Captain Vyom]]'', an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s.
 ====Social Dramas====
@@ Line 334: / Line 364: @@
 *''[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]''
 *''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)]]''
 ====Superhero Shows====
-Superhero shows like ''[[Shaktimaan]]'' and [[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha|''Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha'']] gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
+Superhero shows like ''[[Shaktimaan]]'' and ''[[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha]]'' gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
 ====Teen series====
-*''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]]'',''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)]]''
+*''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]'',''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)]]''[''(season 1 and season2)'']
 * ''School Days''(DD serial)
-===''Youth series''===
+====''Youth series''====
-*''Yuva''(telugu serial)
+*''Yuva''(Telugu serial)
 *''[[Kitni Mast Hai Zindagi]]''
 *''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]''
@@ Line 349: / Line 381: @@
 ==Mythological Series (2011–2020)==
-''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' achieved record-breaking [[Target rating point|TRPs]] and became one of the most successful mythological dramas in India. Other popular mythological series include ''[[Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]'' (2017–18), ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013–14), and ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakaali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-to-go-off-air-soon-pooja-sharma-saurabh-raaj-share-pictures-from-the-last-day-of-the-sets/articleshow/65130912.cms|title=Mahakaali to air off soon|website=The Times of India|date=25 July 2018 }}</ref>
+*''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' achieved record-breaking [[Target rating point|TRPs]] and became one of the most successful mythological dramas in India.
+*Other popular mythological series include
+**''[[Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]'' (2017–18)
+**''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013–14)
+**''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakaali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-to-go-off-air-soon-pooja-sharma-saurabh-raaj-share-pictures-from-the-last-day-of-the-sets/articleshow/65130912.cms|title=Mahakaali to air off soon|website=The Times of India|date=25 July 2018 }}</ref>
 ==Evolution of TV serials from 2001 to 2020==
@@ Line 377: / Line 413: @@
 * ''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'': Shankar Pratapsingh who works in criminal world with uncontrollable temper. His head Rudra Pratapsingh wishes to utilise his anger for his field. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
 * ''[[Dishayen]]'': A tale of twin sisters Neha & Nikita deceived and trapped in own lie. Aired on [[DD National]]
-* ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'': Ambitious woman Abhi who is envied by her Ex-husband Baskar and shares bitter Rivalry towards her corporate malpractice half-brother Adhitya. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Tv]]
+* ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'': Ambitious woman Abhi who is envied by her Ex-husband Baskar and shares bitter Rivalry towards her corporate malpractice half-brother Adhitya. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
-* ''[[Thendral]]'': The story about Tulasi how she strives to pursue her education, and her life turns beautiful after she finds supportive husband Tamizh. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Tv]]
+* ''[[Thendral]]'': The story about Tulasi how she strives to pursue her education, and her life turns beautiful after she finds supportive husband Tamizh. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
 *''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]'':Dr. Simran Mathur, a renowned gynecologist who marries a man Abhimanyu Saxena a.k.a. Abhi (Dr. Simran's husband) ten years younger than herself and how she is trapped in pungent criticism
 *''[[Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii]]'':Story of two childhood friends, Tanushree and Sonia and has misunderstanding friendship breaksafter they discover that they are both married to the same man, Harsh.Aired on [[Metro Gold]]later [[StarPlus]]
@@ Line 384: / Line 420: @@
 *''[[Yahan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli]]'':The story of joint family lives in mansion named''Swarn Bhawan''.Aired on 	[[Zee TV]]
 *''[[Aisa Des Hai Mera (TV series)|Aisa des hai mera]]'':The story of a girl Rusti raised in England with her mother realizes her own father is in India and after coming to India life is not easy for rusti & the story unfolds how she faces different perceptions gets adjusted to desi environment after her marriage with Samay.Aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
-* ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'':This serial launched from March 3, 2008 at 8.30 pm slot after the final completion of [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasuati Zindagi kay]] is the story is of two lovers, Prem and Heer and their true love made for each other ,with other key roles Preet and meher. Aired on [[StarPlus]]
+* ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'':This serial launched from March 3, 2008, at 8.30 pm slot after the final completion of [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasuati Zindagi kay]] is the story is of two lovers, Prem and Heer and their true love made for each other, with other key roles Preet and meher. Aired on [[StarPlus]]
 *''[[Teen Bahuraaniyaan]]'':Story of daughters-in-law from different backgrounds and how they are united each other Aired on [[Zee TV]]
 *''Sanskar'': Family drama ;Aired on [[DD National|Doordarshan DD National (DD1)]]
@@ Line 393: / Line 429: @@
 *''[[Devi (TV series)|Devi]]'':The story revolves around Gayatri and her injustices and how Gayatri's husband Vikram Sharma gets punished for his actions ;Aired on [[Sony TV]]
 *''Aakrosh''(2004–2005),''[[Kayaamat]]'':Hindi-language thriller television series ;Aired on DD national
-*''[[Sinndoor Tere Naam Ka]]'':The story deals with three lives of womenVedika ,Niharika & Arpita ;Aired on Zee TV
+*''[[Sinndoor Tere Naam Ka]]'':The story deals with three lives of womenVedika, Niharika & Arpita ;Aired on Zee TV
-*''Parrivaar - Kartavya Ki Pariksha'':Aired on Zee TV
+*''Parrivaar - Kartavya Ki Pariksha'':Story of Radha who has no father where she has to care the family and earn.  Aired on Zee TV
 ===Other diverse dramas===
@@ Line 424: / Line 460: @@
 ===Retelecast (2006–09)===
-It was also common for prime-time shows to be retelecast during the afternoon slot, further boosting their popularity.In 2007 Hindi general entertainment channels re aired old serials during Non prime time hours. [[StarPlus]] made reteleacast of past hit shows like kyun hota hai pyaar, ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'', ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'', ''Kehtha hai dil'' and other previous completed shows aired in morning(Non-Prime Time hours) from 7.00AM to 11.00 AM.[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony]] aired its old popular completed TV soaps [[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]], [[Kkusum]], [[Ye Meri Life Hai]] in Morning hours and Non-Prime Time hours.[[Doordarshan|DD]] channel aired [[Meher (TV series)|Meher]] serial at Non-Prime Time 4pm in 2009 during Sundays
+*It was also common for prime-time shows to be retelecast during the afternoon slot, further boosting their popularity.In 2007 Hindi general entertainment channels re aired old serials during Non prime time hours.
+*[[StarPlus]] made reteleacast of past hit shows like kyun hota hai pyaar, ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'', ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'', ''Kehtha hai dil'' and other previous completed shows aired in morning(Non-Prime Time hours) from 7.00AM to 11.00 AM.
+*[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony]] aired its old popular completed TV soaps ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]'', ''[[Kkusum]]'', ''[[Ye Meri Life Hai]]'' in Morning hours and Non-Prime Time hours.
+*[[Doordarshan|DD]] channel aired ''[[Meher (TV series)|Meher]]'' serial at Non-Prime Time 4pm in 2009 during Sundays
 ===Weekday shows===
@@ Line 438: / Line 477: @@
 ===Romantic trend of serials(2002-2013)===
 In mid 2000, Romantic serials were being made instead of regular family dramas. It started from [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]], [[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]] and then followed as trend.
-one of the successful serials which started to add romantic themes and chemistry which were well received a mix of reactions from viewers especially from youths
+one of the successful serials which started to add romantic themes and chemistry which were well received a mix of reactions from viewers especially from youths.
 *''[[Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye]]''
 *''[[Kaajjal]]''
@@ Line 474: / Line 514: @@
 *''Choti Maa: Ek Anokha Bandhan'':The story of a woman who has painful past is balancing the emotional and professional and family life as well as dealing with step daughter who is completely distracted by her aunt's intermeddler and refused to interact.([[Zee TV]]);
 **The main lead was played by Actor [[Vaishnavi Macdonald]]
+*''Jeete Hain Jiske Liye'':The story of a woman Anjali who gets isolated yet she remains to be optimistic throughout.([[Sony Entertainment Television]])
-*''Jeete Hain Jiske Liye'':The story of a woman Anjali who gets isolated yet she remains to be optimistic through out.([[Sony Entertainment Television]])
 **The main lead was played by Actor [[Renuka Shahane]]
 * ''[[Sujata (TV series)|Sujata]]'':The story is based on the life of a middle aged married woman name Sujata realize that her family has not respected her value and decides to find her own way to live life([[Sony Entertainment Television]]);
 **The main lead was played by Actor [[Indrani Haldar]]
 * ''[[Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Sa Aasmaan]]'':Motivational story which is about Uma who pursues her dreams despite resistance about the woman empowerment.([[StarPlus]])
 **The main lead was played by Actor [[Smriti Irani]]
 *''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'':The story of Devyani and how she became very successful businesswoman.([[Sahara One]])
 **The main lead was played by Actor [[Karisma Kapoor]]
 * ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'':The story of Business woman Abhi and her difficulties in her business journey and how her family gets step back and stop doing which is indeed needed for her.She gets help from her rare true close friendship tholkaapian.([[Sun TV (India)|SUN TV]])
 **The main lead was played by Actor [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]
 *''[[Kucchh Pal Saath Tumhara]]'':The story portrays the life a young woman name Nandini who deals with hardships of life and battles [[Social norm]].([[Sahara One]])
 **The main lead was played by Actor Sushmita Daan
 * ''Yathumagi Nindrai'':The story of 3 woman lawyer,police officer,social worker.([[Zee Tamil]])
 **The main lead was played by Actors [[Swarnamalya]], Neeraja, Srirekha
 *''[[Amber Dhara]]'':The story of [[Conjoined twins]] who wishes to become Musicalsinger.([[Sony Entertainment Television]]);The main lead was played by Actors [[Kashmira Irani]] & [[Sulagna Panigrahi]]
 *''[[Hello Pratibha]]'':The story of a house wife prathiba who sacrifices her passion and interests for the sake of family faces the identity crisis by the same family.([[Zee TV]])
 **The main lead was played by Actor [[Binny Sharma]]
 * ''[[Manshaa]]'':The story of Manshaa dealing with her personal loss.([[Zee TV]] )
 **The main lead was played by Actor Gulrez Khan
 *''[[Ladies Special|Ladies special season 1]]'':The story of 4 working women.
 **The main lead of First  season was played by Actors [[Neena Gupta]] ,[[Shilpa Tulaskar]] ,[[Ashita Dhawan]] ,[[Payel Sarkar]]
-**After long gap later season2 was launched in 27 November 2018 with different story line.Aired on ([[Sony Entertainment Television]])
+**After long gap later season2 was launched on 27 November 2018 with different story line.Aired on ([[Sony Entertainment Television]])
 *''Savithri'':The story and the journey of life of Savithri.Aired on [[Jaya TV]]
 **The main lead was played by Actor [[Sanghavi]]
 *''[[Ek Packet Umeed]]'':The story focuses on Ambika Dharamraj and 15 other members who have all chosen to make a change.
 **Mainlead:Ambika Dharamraj [[Neena Kulkarni]]
 *''[[Thodi Khushi Thode Gham]]'':Battle of  Patriarchy Male dominance which was depicted in nice manner;Aired on [[Sony TV]]
 **Main lead:[[Deepa Parab]] as Sneha Shah
@@ Line 533: / Line 559: @@
 **Actors:[[Sudeep Sahir]] ,Ansh Sinha,[[Sayantani Ghosh]],[[Shweta Gulati]]
 * ''Sautela''(2007 series)
-**Themes:Father and son emotional bond ,longing ,unable to express their affection the story tells the relation is related only to blood and how tagged word/derogatory comment of relation has heavy impact on one's life
+**Themes:Father and son emotional bond, longing, unable to express their affection the story tells the relation is related only to blood and how tagged word/derogatory comment of relation has heavy impact on one's life
 **Actors:[[Mukesh Khanna]],[[Krushna Abhishek]]
 * ''[[Mere Papa Hero Hiralal]]''
 **Themes:Father and daughter bond
-**Actors:Sarwar Ahuja ,Riva Arora ,Ashima Bhalla
+**Actors:Sarwar Ahuja, Riva Arora, Ashima Bhalla
 * ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]''(2011),[[Parvarrish – Season 2]](2015).
 **Themes:Practical story about the reality of Parents,Struggles of upbringing which explored the struggles of parents and their evolving dynamics with children
@@ Line 559: / Line 585: @@
 ====Musical drama related series====
-[[Meri Awaz Ko Mil Gayi Roshni]] is about the ambitions and passions of Musical singer Sudha Malik and her personal love raj and how she balanced her conflict of her personal and musical professional life.
+''[[Meri Awaz Ko Mil Gayi Roshni]]'' is about the ambitions and passions of Musical singer Sudha Malik and her personal love raj and how she balanced her conflict of her personal and musical professional life.
-[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]] which is Musical drama television series played by the [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]], [[Amrita Rao]] Mehnaaz Maan and [[Aditi Vasudev]] along with [[Deepti Naval]] and [[Zarina Wahab]] played the lead roles. The story continues with three generations of two sisters whose lives revolve around music which results in misunderstanding and stiff competition
+''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]'' which is Musical drama television series played by the [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]], [[Amrita Rao]] Mehnaaz Maan and [[Aditi Vasudev]] along with [[Deepti Naval]] and [[Zarina Wahab]] played the lead roles. The story continues with three generations of two sisters whose lives revolve around music which results in misunderstanding and stiff competition
-[[Tu Aashiqui]] a theme about musical-romance television show with combination and chemistry between Singer Paaki & Musician Ahaan
+''[[Tu Aashiqui]]'' a theme about musical-romance television show with combination and chemistry between Singer Paaki & Musician Ahaan
 ====Medical related shows====
@@ Line 570: / Line 596: @@
 ====Adventure related shows====
-[[Everest (Indian TV series)|Everest]] revolves around the mountaineer Anjali Singh Rawat who successfully climbs [[Mount Everest]], created by Ashutosh Gowariker and produced by Ashutosh Gowariker Productions Private Limited (AGPPL). A. R. Rahman composed the music for this television show.
+''[[Everest (Indian TV series)|Everest]]'' revolves around the mountaineer Anjali Singh Rawat who successfully climbs [[Mount Everest]], created by [[Ashutosh Gowariker]] and produced by Ashutosh Gowariker Productions Private Limited (AGPPL). A. R. Rahman composed the music for this television show.
 ==== Shows Had Portrayed related to work place rivalry & toxicity ====
@@ Line 578: / Line 604: @@
 * ''[[Deivamagal|Deivamagal serial]]'' had Actor Rekha Krishnappa played the role of Gayathri anniyar as Autocratic authoritarian Hotel supervisor possessing Superiority complex attitude
-====Shows Had Portrayed related to [[Office humor]]====
+====Shows Had Portrayed related to Office humor====
 one of the best series related to workplace humor
 * ''[[Rishta.com]]'' series: A show about Partners who run matrimonial agency
@@ Line 592: / Line 618: @@
 ==Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi==
-*Home TV channel aired Foreign [[East Asia]]dramas in Hindi from 1996-1999 after 1999 the channel was closed.
+*Home TV channel aired Foreign [[East Asia]]dramas in Hindi from 1996 to 1999 after 1999 the channel was closed.
 *In 2010 [[YouTube]] and [[Dailymotion]] online video sharing platform maintained a wide popularity where users connected to internet started to watch different video T.v contents with another languages/languages translated/translation subtitles/shared languages with common words and different literary.
 *In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] had syndicated diverse shows from various countries including Brazil, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and Ukraine and dubbed in Hindi.That was the turning point where viewers made different choices to watch tele serials from various countries.
 *From 2015, the Hindi television industry has been striving to create new contents due to OTT platform saturation and other foreign TV dramas & Asian dramas.
-===From 2012 Media overload phase===
+==From 2012 Media overload phase==
-*Pakistani dramas started to be catchy in  social medias like [[YouTube]] and [[Dailymotion]] online video sharing platform which gained attention to few viewers
+*From 2017 (K dramas) Korean dramas are popular now till 2024
-**[[Uraan (2010 TV series)]],[[Mujhe Khuda Pe Yaqeen Hai]],[[Humsafar]],[[Mehndi (TV series)]]
-*In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] started to launch pakistani urdu dramas  dubbed in Hindi.
+==Current trend 2025 AI phase==
-*From 2017 (K dramas) korean dramas are popular now till 2024
+*Indian serials has the challenge  during AI phase which has superseded, techs of ''[[Morphing|Digital morphs]]'', ''[[Deepfake]]'', ''[[Animation]]'' and encompass all digital methods and techs in advance, AI illusory videos, AI Influencer/Virtual influencer which is the high risk and challenge to human power(manpower) related to entertainement services
-*[[Hum Tum (2022 TV series)]] were famous in digital platform
+*AI techs has the ability and power to create fiction impressive  illusory content videos in theme of cinematic platform effect,and  the content seems real which captures in audience memory. ''Pull tactics'' is used
+** "Pull strategy":This type of methods was used Digital era in 1993 cinematic platform Digital games ''[[Prince of Persia 2: The Shadow and the Flame]]''with powerful narration of short telling story with tempting animations Pictures and hook viewers to start the game and this strategy which continues level by level till end of the game.
+*Currently AI manipulates voices which is challenge to voice performers.
+*To balance this risk of powerful tech AI, more Ai and Animation web series and potential content television animated series needs to be made
+**e.g.:  Animated feature films [[Kochadaiiyaan]] (2014)(photorealistic motion capture technology),[[Mahabharat (2013 film)]] (2013)
+** e.g.:   Animated television series [[Baahubali: Crown of Blood]] (2024)from  [[Baahubali (franchise)]] launched at [[Disney+ Hotstar]].
 ==Popular TV serials affected from External Environment factors/External Business Environment factors==
-*2008:[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]] serial ended on 4 December 2008 due to the Indian Television Strike that occurred for 3 weeks long.
+*2008:''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'' serial ended on 4 December 2008 due to the Indian Television Strike that occurred for 3 weeks long.
-*2008 :Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi a serial that aired on Zee TV from 29 October 2007 to 20 March 2008 based on traditional Bengali family which was different story and did well but there was misinformation fake news and assumed opinion that it was remake version of Blockbuster [[Devdas]] film and negative review was made on the serial . That misconception affected the serial and soon ended on 20 March 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2008/ajay-krish-interview-120308.html|title="Ardhangini suffered from comparison with Devdas" - Ajay Krish|last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
+*2008 :''[[Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi]]'' a serial that aired on Zee TV from 29 October 2007 to 20 March 2008 based on traditional Bengali family which was different story and did well but there was misinformation fake news and assumed opinion that it was remake version of Blockbuster ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)]]'' film and negative review was made on the serial . That misconception affected the serial and soon ended on 20 March 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2008/ajay-krish-interview-120308.html|title="Ardhangini suffered from comparison with Devdas" - Ajay Krish|last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
-*2020:[[Patiala Babes]], [[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]], [[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]], [[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]], [[Beyhadh 2]] due to the COVID-19 pandemic, [[Shaadi Mubarak]] a good heart warming show suffered due Covid phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rati-pandey-i-just-wished-shaadi-mubarak-had-a-proper-ending-rather-than-an-abrupt-one/articleshow/82877596.cms|title="Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt" |last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=timesofindia.indiatimes}}</ref>
+*2020:''[[Patiala Babes]]'', ''[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]'', ''[[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]]'', ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]'', ''[[Beyhadh 2]]'' due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]'' a good heart warming show suffered due Covid phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rati-pandey-i-just-wished-shaadi-mubarak-had-a-proper-ending-rather-than-an-abrupt-one/articleshow/82877596.cms|title="Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt" |last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=timesofindia.indiatimes}}</ref>
-===Remakes and variations===
+===COVID-19 pandemic phase===
-Majority Indian tv serials take themes and inspirations but they show their own skill of their imaginations, artistry photography and creativity  For eg.
+*During COVID-19 pandemic phase all main Prime channels re aired old serials.
-*[[Thirumathi Selvam]] 2007 Tamil television soap opera aired weekday afternoons on Sun TV which had a powerful story as main character Selvam, Archana's husband loving husband of  Archana when he is in middle class family though having so many problems/strife in family and stand by her;and care for his best friend Nandhini  after Selvam becomes popular luxury how his arrogance  manipulates the equations and bond of the family and puts him in the pathetic situation and gets separated from his wife archana forever  and extra marital affair of a friend nandini leading to  feud and death and crime as result selvam turns nothing
-**The same serial was inspired and remade as [[Pavitra Rishta]] under Balaji Telefilms, which aired on Zee TV which was focussed on first part of story Love and understanding bond as Manav and Archana who stand by each others in arranged marriage and shows their power of love till death
+==Remakes and variations==
+Majority Indian TV serials take themes and inspirations but they show their own skill of their imaginations, artistry photography and creativity  For e.g.
+*''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]'' 2007 Tamil television soap opera aired weekday afternoons on Sun TV which had a powerful story as main character Selvam, Archana's husband loving husband of  Archana when he is in middle-class family though having so many problems/strife in family and stand by her;and care for his best friend Nandhini  after Selvam becomes popular luxury how his arrogance  manipulates the equations and bond of the family and puts him in the pathetic situation and gets separated from his wife archana forever  and extra marital affair of a friend nandini leading to  feud and death and crime as result selvam turns nothing
+**The same serial was inspired and remade as ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' under Balaji Telefilms, which aired on Zee TV which was focused on first part of story Love and understanding bond as Manav and Archana who stand by each other's in arranged marriage and shows their power of love till death
 ==2011-2016 Dramatic serials==
@@ Line 659: / Line 693: @@
 *''[[Roja (2018 TV series)]]''
 *''[[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)]]''
+*''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]''
+*''[[Haasil (Indian TV series)]]''
+*''[[Tere Bin (2016 TV series)]]''
 ==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)==
-one of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience
+One of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience
 *''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]''
+*[[Ishk Par Zor Nahi]]
+*[[Katha Ankahee]]
 *''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]''
 * ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]''
@@ Line 684: / Line 723: @@
 *''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]''
 *''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
+==Top 10 Most Popular Indian Hindi TV Serials of 2020 by Highest BARC (TRP) Rating==
+*''[[Anupamaa]]''
+*''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
+*''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
+*''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''
+*''[[Barrister Babu]]''
+*''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
+*''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin-5]]
+*''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]''
+*''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
+*''[[Imlie]]
 ===Shows based on Women protagonist centric or Female lead having Strong Role===
-From 90s days ''[[Tara (TV series)]]'' had strong female lead,Then in 2002-2010 few soaps had the content of strong female lead like'' [[Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Sa Aasmaan]]'',''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'',''[[Sujata (TV series)|Sujata]]'' but since teens tele-soaps and youth related soaps were high so  these shows ran for short period of time. ''[[Laut Aao Trisha]]''(2014) tele soap was about mother's plight searching the lost daughter,which portrayed the mother's emotions dealing the stress of searching missed teenage daughter, who goes missing after a beach party with friends, and how her mother struggles to get her back.where the mother role were essayed by ''[[Bhagyashree Patwardhan]]'' as Amrita Prateek Swaika and ''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]''(2016) had emotional and strong female leads which showed three generations of two sisters whose lives revolve around musical career that lead to rivalry and sibling enmity. In mid 2015 even these women centric soaps ran for short time or sometimes tracks had to be changed based on Views. But after 2020 viewers started to prefer women centric soaps and accepted age based roles too
+*From 90s days ''[[Tara (TV series)]]'' had strong female lead,Then in 2002-2010 few soaps had the content of strong female lead like'' [[Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Sa Aasmaan]]'',''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'',''[[Sujata (TV series)|Sujata]]'' but since teens tele-soaps and youth related soaps were high so  these shows ran for short period of time.
+*''[[Laut Aao Trisha]]''(2014) tele soap was about mother's plight searching the lost daughter,which portrayed the mother's emotions dealing the stress of searching missed teenage daughter, who goes missing after a beach party with friends, and how her mother struggles to get her back.where the mother role were essayed by ''[[Bhagyashree Patwardhan]]'' as Amrita Prateek Swaika
+*''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]''(2016) had emotional and strong female leads which showed three generations of two sisters whose lives revolve around musical career that lead to rivalry and sibling enmity.
+*In mid 2015 even these women centric soaps ran for short time or sometimes tracks had to be changed based on Views.
+But after 2020 viewers started to prefer women centric soaps and accepted age based roles too
+====2020 shows based on female protagonist role based as lead====
 *1.''[[Sreemoyee]]'' and its adaptations
 **a. ''[[Anupamaa]]''/''[[Intinti Gruhalakshmi]]''/''[[Kudumbavilakku]]''/''[[Baakiyalakshmi]]''
@@ Line 708: / Line 766: @@
 ==Tele serial impact in Films==
 *2013 Tele series [[Ponnunjal (TV series)|Ponnunjal]] from the episode 102 dated 10/01/14 had a scene in 2014 film [[Velaiilla Pattadhari]] where S. Raghuvaran (Dhanush) watches TV serial with Shalini's mother (Meera Krishnan) saying he does not prefer mother in law in that serial.
-*In [[Humraaz]] film the antagonist Karan Malhotra (Akshaye Khanna) watches [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]] title song in order to irritate Raj Singhania (Bobby Deol) & tells in sarcastic way that his tape recorded about the Raj's planned murder will get exposed infact it will be great hit than [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]..
+*In 2002 film [[Humraaz]] film the antagonist Karan Malhotra (Akshaye Khanna) watches [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]] title song in order to irritate Raj Singhania (Bobby Deol) & tells in sarcastic way that his tape recorded about the Raj's planned murder will get exposed in fact it will be great hit than [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]..
-*2008:[[C Kkompany]] features many tele actors as cameo appearances and  Balaji Telefilms [[Ekta Kapoor]] featured in special appearance and had humour conversation with Dattubhai ([[Mithun Chakraborty]]).
+*2008 film [[C Kkompany]] features many tele actors as cameo appearances and  Balaji Telefilms [[Ekta Kapoor]] featured in special appearance and had humour conversation with Dattubhai ([[Mithun Chakraborty]]).
-*2008:[[Saroja (2008 film)]] Ajay[[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] one of the leads played as  television actor with[[Deepa Venkat]] as cameo role from starting of the film made the audience curious and wondering why this film looks like serial which was actually a shot in the film.
+*2008 film [[Saroja (2008 film)]] Ajay ([[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]]) one of the leads played as  television actor with [[Deepa Venkat]] as cameo role from starting of the film made the audience curious and wondering why this film looks like serial which was actually a shot in the film.
 ==Films which acted as catalyst in tele series==
@@ Line 723: / Line 781: @@
 | style="text-align: center;" | 1
 | style="text-align: center;" | [[Biwi No.1]]
-| This film had new idea of emotions mixed with comedy ,charisma and the ability to rouse an audience
+| This film had new idea of emotions mixed with comedy, charisma and the ability to rouse an audience
 |[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/kyun-rishton-mein-katti-batti-fans-can-spot-these-similarities-in-biwi-no-1-find-out/|title=Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti Fans Can Spot These Similarities In Biwi No. 1 – Find Out!|publisher=ZEE5.com|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref>
 |-
@@ Line 729: / Line 787: @@
 | style="text-align: center;" | [[Jab We Met]]
 | One of the finest Romantic love stories with most interesting and enjoyable manner
-| Many serials were inspired by the bubbly role Geet, [[Love U Zindagi|Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde]] is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]] is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]'
+| Many serials were inspired by the bubbly role Geet, [[Love U Zindagi|Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde]] is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]] is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]''
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;" | 3
@@ Line 744: / Line 802: @@
 | style="text-align: center;" | [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]
 |
-|[[Dil Se Dil Tak]]  loosely based on the 2001 Bollywood film [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]
+|[[Dil Se Dil Tak]]  loosely based on the 2001 Bollywood film [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]],.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/spoilers/colors-dil-se-dil-tak-to-recreate-chori-chori-chupke-chupke-movies-scene/2017/06/21|title=Colors' Dil Se Dil Tak to recreate Chori Chori Chupke Chupke movies scene|date=21 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dil-se-dil-tak-promo-2-jasmin-bhasin-will-remind-you-of-preity-zinta-from-chori-chori-chupke-chupke/|title=Dil Se Dil Tak promo 2: Jasmin Bhasin will remind you of Preity Zinta from Chori Chori Chupke Chupke|date=31 December 2016}}</ref>
 |}
 ===Indian television series inspired from films===
 * [[Naamkarann]] was inspired by the 1998 [[Bollywood]] film [[Zakhm]], it was based on the life of filmmaker [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
-* [[Dil Se Dil Tak]] was loosely based on the 2001 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/spoilers/colors-dil-se-dil-tak-to-recreate-chori-chori-chupke-chupke-movies-scene/2017/06/21|title=Colors' Dil Se Dil Tak to recreate Chori Chori Chupke Chupke movies scene|date=21 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dil-se-dil-tak-promo-2-jasmin-bhasin-will-remind-you-of-preity-zinta-from-chori-chori-chupke-chupke/|title=Dil Se Dil Tak promo 2: Jasmin Bhasin will remind you of Preity Zinta from Chori Chori Chupke Chupke|date=31 December 2016}}</ref>
 * Another adaptation was [[Seeta Aur Geeta (TV series)|''Seeta Aur Geeta'']], was based on the popular [[Bollywood]] film [[Seeta Aur Geeta|of the same name]] (1972), written by [[Salim–Javed]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pereira |first=Priyanka |date=8 June 2009 |title=Lookalike |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/lookalike/472855/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2008 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta to be back |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/seeta-aur-geeta-to-be-back/story-Ab3UgYPTo2RY833Ux9cQKI.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2009 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta hit home - DELI - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Seeta-Aur-Geeta-hit-home/article15938416.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Seeta Aur Geeta' a TV show |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-seeta-aur-geeta-a-tv-show-1216163 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The two in one girl |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-two-in-one-girl/cid/625133 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>
 * [[Bhaskar Bharti]] is an Indian fantasy comedy-drama television series loosely inspired by from the Hindi film [[Mr Ya Miss]]
@@ Line 761: / Line 817: @@
 *2002:For first time ''Hindi Film'' was shown in episodic format In 2002, [[StarPlus]] aired a period drama miniseries titled Asoka, based on the 2001 film of the same name. The series had a limited run of five episodes
 *2020:''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]'',''[[Baarish (web series)]]'',''[[Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat]]'' web series as substitute to shows which was affected from broadcast during [[COVID-19 pandemic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2020/03/coronavirusoutbreak-zee-tv-replaces-kumkum-bhagya-and-kundali-bhagya-with-three-altbalaji-shows|title=Three alt balaji shows |website=best mediainfo|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-03-26}}</ref>
-*2024:Sony TV re aired SonyLIV OTT web series legal drama [[Raisinghani vs Raisinghani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sony-tv-uk-to-air-sonyliv-show-raisinghani-v-s-raisinghani/|title=Sony TV to air SonyLIV show ‘Raisinghani vs Raisinghani’|website=bizasialive|language=en-EN|access-date=2024-08-10}}</ref>
+*2024:Sony TV re aired SonyLIV OTT web series legal drama [[Raisinghani vs Raisinghani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sony-tv-uk-to-air-sonyliv-show-raisinghani-v-s-raisinghani/|title=Sony TV to air SonyLIV show 'Raisinghani vs Raisinghani'|website=bizasialive|date=10 August 2024 |language=en-EN|access-date=2024-08-10}}</ref>
 ===Suggestions===
-* Past Soap-esque play/Theatre plays which brings different content and restricted to few audiences has to be introduced in OTT and TV For example well known plays that hit the entertainment sections in newspapers
+* Past Soap-esque play/Theatre plays which brings different content and restricted to few audiences has to be introduced in OTT and TV For example, well known plays that hit the entertainment sections in newspapers
-**''Jaise Kitabon Mein Mile''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/art-theatre/rewind-replay/articleshow/15951145.cms|title=Rewind & replay |website=Mumbai mirror|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-09-01}}</ref>Main lead:Darshan Dave,[[Payal Nair]]
+**''Jaise Kitabon Mein Mile''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/art-theatre/rewind-replay/articleshow/15951145.cms|title=Rewind & replay |website=Mumbai mirror|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-09-01}}</ref> Main lead:Darshan Dave,[[Payal Nair]]
-**Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/hindi/dil-abhi-bhara-nahin-hindi-play-preview.asp#|title=Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin |website=Mumbai theatre guide|language=en-EN|access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref>''Main lead:[[Neha Mehta]].''
+**Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/hindi/dil-abhi-bhara-nahin-hindi-play-preview.asp#|title=Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin |website=Mumbai theatre guide|date=11 September 2023 |language=en-EN|access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref>''Main lead:[[Neha Mehta]].''
 ==Web impact==
@@ Line 773: / Line 830: @@
 **''Kodumakkari chitthi'' by Tamil Village Stories web channel
 **''Karma serial'' season1 and season 2 by Bombay Chanakya's FastFlix later reaired in Sankara TV
-**''Serial VS Reality'' Webisode by Araathi web channel enacted by Big boss fame Actor-Youtuber [[Poornima Ravi]].
+**''Serial VS Reality'' Webisode by Araathi web channel enacted by Big boss fame Actor-YouTuber [[Poornima Ravi]].
 **[[Ramany vs Ramany]] tele serial from 90s had huge view in digital platform in Mid 2015.season 3 were streamed at Network	[[Aha (streaming service)|aha]] 2022
@@ Line 779: / Line 836: @@
 Few set of viewers prefer short period of time so they view [[dramatization]] type of short films or short films which has a Social or Sentimental emotional theme or mixed content or potentially mature content.
 *''Varthai Thavari Vittai'' by LightNSound Studios Tamil performed by Divya Ganesh:A break up story of Guy who puts his vent out & advises his betrayed ex-girl friend to stay loyal to his husband.
-*''Kaadhal Pagadai''(காதல் பகடை)by Senthamizh Cinemas:The story of a own friend who plays double games and her insincere friendship of stealing the fiancé-lover of friend which results in heartbreak of her close friend but after her bad action her guilty conscience pricks her.
+*''Kaadhal Pagadai''(காதல் பகடை)by Senthamizh Cinemas:The story of an own friend who plays double games and her insincere friendship of stealing the fiancé-lover of friend which results in heartbreak of her close friend but after her bad action her guilty conscience pricks her.
 * ''Vasanthi'' short film by VTM Movie Makers performed by Suganthi:A story that a husband undergoes mental trauma when someone says malicious things about his wife and in which he clarifies himself that he should not be diverted by gossip or doubt.
 *''Angelina'' short film by Galatta Originals performed by Dushara and [[Srithika]].:An orphan turns into Model and struggles of her modelling journey where she finds inspiration from her role model.
-*''Thuppukettavan'' short film by Thiru Tv (Thiru pictures(p)Ltd) [[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]] show fame Actors Thirumurugan and [[Srithika]]:Difficulties of middle class family and the story deals a person from poor family who gets rebuked sharply by his wife for unable to deal the things smartly
+*''Thuppukettavan'' short film by Thiru TV (Thiru pictures(p)Ltd) [[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]] show fame Actors Thirumurugan and [[Srithika]]:Difficulties of middle-class family and the story deals a person from poor family who gets rebuked sharply by his wife for unable to deal the things smartly
-==Social impact==
+===Social impact===
 {{see also|Socio-economic issues in India}}
 TV dramas have had a Significant impact on Indian society, influencing issues related to national integration, [[Identity (social science)|identity]], [[Globalisation in India|globalization]],<ref>Gokulsing, K. (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC Soft-Soaping India: The World of Indian Televised Soap Operas]''. Trentham Books, UK. {{ISBN|1-85856-321-6}}. p. 105.</ref> [[Women in India|women]], ethics, and social issues in rural areas.[18] The first Indian television drama series, [[Hum Log (television series)|''Hum Log'']], originally began as a [[Family planning in India|family planning]] program but quickly shifted its focus to entertainment. Despite this, it continued to incorporate pro-development messages, serving as a model for utilizing television serials as an "[[Educational entertainment|edutainment]]" method—a practice that has been adopted by countries around the world.<ref name="AggarwalGupta2001">{{cite book |last1=Aggarwal |first1=Vir Bala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCIf8MM1ZlAC&pg=PA208 |title=Handbook of Journalism and Mass Communication |last2=Gupta |first2=V. S. |date=1 January 2001 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=9788170228806 |pages=208– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref>
@@ Line 805: / Line 862: @@
 TRPs are calculated using the denominator as the Total Number of People in the Target Audience, and the numerator as the Number of People Who Watched the Program in the Target Audience multiplied by 100.TRP's can also be calculated
 * TRP = (Number of viewers in the sample audience / Total target audience) * 100.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
+==Psychological Studies on Indian serials==
+* More Theories and journals are published based on Indian serials and its impact in people
 **[[Pearson correlation coefficient]] & [[Simple linear regression]] find viewer ratings and social interactions of the television audience
-==Psychological Studies on Indian serials==
-More Theories and journals are published based on Indian serials and its impact in people
 ==International reception==

Indian soap opera: Difference between revisions

Indian soap opera (edit)

Revision as of 14:18, 20 May 2025