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{{Short description|Soap operas written, produced, and filmed in India, with characters played by Indians}}
{{Short description|Soap operas written, produced, and filmed in India, with characters played by Indians}}
{{Distinguish|Bollywood}}
{{Distinguish|Bollywood}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Copy edit|for=grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling|date=December 2024}}
{{Copy edit|for=grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling|date=December 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}


'''Indian television dramas''', often called '''Indian series''' or '''serials''', are scripted [[Television show|television programs]] made in [[India]], featuring Indian actors. These dramas are broadcast on Indian television networks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer? |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124033218/https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sakshipost}}</ref><ref>Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"</ref>
'''Indian television dramas''', often called '''Indian series''' or '''serials''', are scripted [[Television show|television programs]] made in [[India]], featuring Indian actors. These dramas are broadcast on Indian television networks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer? |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124033218/https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sakshipost}}</ref><ref>Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"</ref>
India's first television drama, ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,700 episodes as of 2025, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and [[soap opera]], airing for 16 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref>


India's first television drama, ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,500 episodes as of 2024, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and [[soap opera]], airing for 16 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref>
Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture|date=21 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref>


Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref>
==Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)==
[[Hum Log (TV series)|''Hum Log'']] was India's first television [[drama]], airing from 1984 to 1985 with a total of 154 episodes.<ref name="Kohli2006">{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Vanita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hllyb6ymMy0C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA1 |title=The Indian Media Business |date=14 June 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761934691 |pages=1– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> At the time, it was the longest-running serial in Indian television history. The show attracted around 60 million viewers, with each episode lasting about 25 minutes, except for the final episode, which was about 55 minutes long.<ref name="Gokulsing2004">{{cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC&pg=PA32 |title=Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas |publisher=Trentham Books |year=2004 |isbn=9781858563213 |pages=32– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref>


==Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)==
Veteran [[Hindi film]] actor [[Ashok Kumar]] appeared at the end of each episode, where he discussed the story and situations using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors playing the characters and ended his monologues with variations of the phrase "Hum Log."
[[Hum Log (TV series)|''Hum Log'']] was India's first television [[drama]], airing from 1984 to 1985 with a total of 154 episodes.<ref name="Kohli2006">{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Vanita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hllyb6ymMy0C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA1 |title=The Indian Media Business |date=14 June 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761934691 |pages=1– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> At the time, it was the longest-running serial in Indian television history. The show attracted around 60 million viewers, with each episode lasting about 25 minutes, except for the final episode, which was about 55 minutes long.<ref name="Gokulsing2004">{{cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC&pg=PA32 |title=Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas |publisher=Trentham Books |year=2004 |isbn=9781858563213 |pages=32– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Veteran [[Hindi film]] actor [[Ashok Kumar]] appeared at the end of each episode, where he discussed the story and situations using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors playing the characters and ended his monologues with variations of the phrase "Hum Log."


=== Evolution of Television Serials (1985–2017) ===
=== Evolution of Television Serials (1985–2017) ===
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* Social drama
* Social drama
* Novel type dramas
* Novel type dramas
** i) [[Trishna (TV series)|Trishna]] inspired by Jane Austen's 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice
** i) ''[[Trishna (TV series)|Trishna]]'' inspired by Jane Austen's 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice
** ii) [[Malgudi Days (TV series)|Malgudi Days]] based on R. K. Narayan's 1943 work
** ii) ''[[Malgudi Days (TV series)|Malgudi Days]]'' based on R. K. Narayan's 1943 work
* Sitcom (Wagle Ki Duniya)from 1988 to 1990.
* Sitcom ''(Wagle Ki Duniya)''from 1988 to 1990.
* Classic dramas
* Classic dramas
|-
|-
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* [[Thoda Hai Thode Ki Zaroorat Hai]]
* [[Thoda Hai Thode Ki Zaroorat Hai]]
|
|
* First Romantic serial [[Phir Wahi Talash]]
* First Romantic serial ''[[Phir Wahi Talash]]''
* [[Melodrama]] with intense plots, heightened emotion and Emotional dramas, [[Tragedy|Tragic-drama]],Legal Drama ([[Kanoon (TV series)|Kannoon]])
* [[Melodrama]] with intense plots, heightened emotion and Emotional dramas, [[Tragedy|Tragic-drama]],Legal Drama (''[[Kanoon (TV series)|Kannoon]]'')
* [[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum paanch]], [[Tu Tu Main Main]] well known comic drama
* ''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum paanch]]'', ''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]'' well known comic drama
* Family drama relationships  (story line based)which dealt with sensitive relationships strained relations,stigmatized Relationships
* Family drama relationships  (story line based)which dealt with sensitive relationships strained relations,stigmatized Relationships
* Family loss
* Family loss
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* [[Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii]]
* [[Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii]]
* [[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]
* [[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]
| Rise after Family dramas popularity after [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]
| Rise after Family dramas popularity after ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''
* [[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]] first Indian police procedural television series
* ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' first Indian police procedural television series
* [[Suraag – The Clue]] is an Indian television first detective-crime drama series
* ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]'' is an Indian television first detective-crime drama series
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2003–2006
| style="text-align: center;" | 2003–2006
| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
* Family Tv Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
* Family TV Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
|
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* [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]
* [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]
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* [[Tumhari Disha]]
* [[Tumhari Disha]]
* [[Kasamh Se]]
* [[Kasamh Se]]
* Aakrosh(2004-series)
*[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]
|
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* In 2005 Integration episode(Mahasangam), Tv star Guest appearances ,Film actor Guest appearances for Promotion of film started to begin in serials<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big screen actors Sanjay Dutt and Sunil Shetty will soon appear on small screen to promote Apoorva Lakhia's forthcoming film Shootout At Lokhandwala|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanju-sunil-together-again/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 May 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=इतिहास रचने वाला सीरियल:'क्योंकि सास भी कभी बहू थी' को 20 साल पूरे, एकता बोलीं- गुजरात भूकंप के वक्त लोगों ने टीवी बाहर रख इसे देखा था
* From 2003 a type of trend start to begin to  have a different joint combination of male antagonist and female antagonist  to make the series more interesting,still this kind of trend is maintained
**[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]....year 2004...(Anshu virani & Tanya)
**[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)]]....year 2003...(Dr Umesh  and Dr Simran Chopra)
**[[Dishayen]]...season2  ...year 2003...(Sameer and soniya)
**[[Kolangal (TV series)]]....year 2004...(Adhi and Rekha);
**[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]....year 2006...(Harsh and Sindoora)
**[[Deivamagal]]....year 2016...(Nambi and Gayathri anniyar)
**[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)]]...year 2007...(Pratham mittal and Samapda)
* In 2005 Integration episode(Mahasangam), TV star Guest appearances, Film actor Guest appearances for Promotion of film started to begin in serials<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big screen actors Sanjay Dutt and Sunil Shetty will soon appear on small screen to promote Apoorva Lakhia's forthcoming film Shootout At Lokhandwala|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanju-sunil-together-again/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 May 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=इतिहास रचने वाला सीरियल:'क्योंकि सास भी कभी बहू थी' को 20 साल पूरे, एकता बोलीं- गुजरात भूकंप के वक्त लोगों ने टीवी बाहर रख इसे देखा था
|work=Dainik Bhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/ekta-kapoor-celebrates-20-years-of-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-127473578.html|date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> and reboot, spin off of more seasons were made for serial popularity.
|work=Dainik Bhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/ekta-kapoor-celebrates-20-years-of-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-127473578.html|date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> and reboot, spin off of more seasons were made for serial popularity.
* [[Sahara One]] launched novel based serial ''[[Sahib Biwi Gulam]]'' series is based on the 1953 Bengali novel [[Saheb Bibi Golam]] by [[Bimal Mitra]] which starred Actor [[Raveena Tandon]] was directed by [[Rituparno Ghosh]] with 104 episodes
* ''[[Sahara One]]'' launched novel based serial ''[[Sahib Biwi Gulam]]'' series is based on the 1953 Bengali novel [[Saheb Bibi Golam]] by ''[[Bimal Mitra]]'' which starred Actor ''[[Raveena Tandon]]'' was directed by [[Rituparno Ghosh]] with 104 episodes
* ''Grihdaah'' Tv drama based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's epic novel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grihdaah ...A classic based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand.
* ''Grihdaah'' TV drama based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's epic novel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grihdaah ...A classic based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand.
|url=https://www.samvaad.com/tv-production/grihdaah.htm }}</ref>
|url=https://www.samvaad.com/tv-production/grihdaah.htm }}</ref>
*''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'', ''[[Virrudh]]'', ''Shikwah'', ''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'' had been critically acclaimed for its story and power packed performances.
*''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'', ''[[Virrudh]]'', ''Shikwah'', ''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'' had been critically acclaimed for its story and power packed performances.
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| style="text-align: center;" |
* In mid 2006 few family dramas came with two heroine leads with  (Khatte Meethe version) Contrasting personalities,This trend had popularity after ''[[Uttaran]]'' followed by'' [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'', ''[[Amrit Manthan]]'' & ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''.
* In mid 2006 few family dramas came with two heroine leads with  (Khatte Meethe version) Contrasting personalities,This trend had popularity after ''[[Uttaran]]'' followed by'' [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'', ''[[Amrit Manthan]]'' & ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''.
* whereas in (2001-2010) past years serials dealt with [[twin]]s and similar faces [[Doppelgänger]] and multi heroine leads  
* whereas in (2001–2010) past years serials dealt with [[twin]]s and similar faces [[Doppelgänger]] were popular
''[[Kahiin to Hoga]]'', ''[[Maayka]]'', ''[[Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann]]'', ''[[Mehndi Tere Naam Ki]]'', ''[[Hamari Betiyoon Ka Vivaah]]'', ''Betiyaan Apni Yaa... Paraaya Dhan'', ''[[Har Ghar Kuch Kehta Hai]]'', ''[[Behenein]]'', ''Kasak'', ''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai]]'', ''[[Pirivom Santhippom (TV series)|Pirivom Santhippom]] (Remake of Bidaai serial)'', ''[[Roja Kootam (TV series)|Roja Kootam]]'', ''[[Amber Dhara]]'', ''[[Maryada: Lekin Kab Tak?]]'', ''[[Athipookal]]'', ''[[Uravugal]]'' were launched.
*Multi heroine leads in TV soaps were launched.E.g.
**''[[Kahiin to Hoga]]''
** ''[[Maayka]]''
** ''[[Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann]]''
**''[[Mehndi Tere Naam Ki]]''
** ''[[Hamari Betiyoon Ka Vivaah]]''
** ''Betiyaan Apni Yaa... Paraaya Dhan''
** ''[[Har Ghar Kuch Kehta Hai]]''
**''[[Behenein]]''
** ''Kasak''
**''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai]]''
** ''[[Pirivom Santhippom (TV series)|Pirivom Santhippom]] (Remake of Bidaai serial)''
** ''[[Roja Kootam (TV series)|Roja Kootam]]''
** ''[[Amber Dhara]]''
**''[[Maryada: Lekin Kab Tak?]]''
** ''[[Athipookal]]''
** ''[[Uravugal]]''  
* This (Khatte Meethe version contrasting personality) trend took South TV serials after the remake of ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' from 2013
* This (Khatte Meethe version contrasting personality) trend took South TV serials after the remake of ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' from 2013
*During mid 2006's love story serials like ''[[Sanjog Se Bani Sangini]]'', ''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere liye]]'', ''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]'', ''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)|Ek Ladki Anjaani Si]]'', ''[[Kkavyanjali]]'', ''[[Jabb Love Hua]]'', ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'', ''[[Chand Ke Paar Chalo (TV series)|Chand Ke Paar Chalo]]'', ''[[Kya Dill Mein Hai]]'', ''Saathii Re'', ''[[Jeevan Saathi – Humsafar Zindagi Ke]]'' which attracted only the specific audience younger generation at that time and could not extend long run .so the content makers started to develop family dramas which included romance to cover the whole mass audience with all age groups (Middle aged and old).
*During mid 2006's love story serials increased which attracted only the specific audience younger generation at that time and could not extend long run .so the content makers started to develop family dramas which included romance to cover the whole mass audience with all age groups (Middle aged and old).E.g.
**''[[Sanjog Se Bani Sangini]]''
**''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere liye]]''
** ''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]''
** ''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)|Ek Ladki Anjaani Si]]''
**''[[Kkavyanjali]]''
** ''[[Jabb Love Hua]]''
**''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]''
** ''[[Chand Ke Paar Chalo (TV series)|Chand Ke Paar Chalo]]''
**''[[Kya Dill Mein Hai]]''
** ''Saathii Re''
** ''[[Jeevan Saathi – Humsafar Zindagi Ke]]''  
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* ''TV serials which brought negative role as second main lead''
* ''TV serials which brought negative role as second main lead''
* ''Gharana''....Role Pranjal Kothari
* ''Gharana''....Role Pranjal Kothari
*''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]''....Role Mallika Seth
*''[[Lipstick (TV series)]]''....Role Sheetal Singhania
*''[[Main Banoongi Miss India]]''...Role Sanjana Gujral
*''[[Lakshmi (2006 TV series)|Lakshmi]]''....Role Nethra
*''[[Lakshmi (2006 TV series)|Lakshmi]]''....Role Nethra
* ''[[Kayamath]]''....Role Ayesha
* ''[[Kayamath]]''....Role Ayesha
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* ''[[Thalayanai Pookal]]''..Role Kalpana & Mallika
* ''[[Thalayanai Pookal]]''..Role Kalpana & Mallika
* ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden (TV series)|Devathaiyai Kanden]]''...Role Bavithra
* ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden (TV series)|Devathaiyai Kanden]]''...Role Bavithra
* ''[[Saarrthi|Saarrthi season 2]]''...Role Shefali Yuvraj Goenka  
* ''[[Saarrthi]]''...Role Shefali Yuvraj Goenka (Adita Wahi / Tiya Gandwani as Shefali Yuvraj Goenka (2004–2006) / (2006–2007))
* ''Chandralekha''...Role lekha
* ''Chandralekha''...Role Lekha
*''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani season2]]''...Role Archana
*''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani season2]]''...Role Archana
*''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''....Role by Actor Sonica Handa as Gayatri Raisinghania(pivotal role)
*''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''....Role by Actor Sonica Handa as Gayatri Raisinghania(pivotal role)
*''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''.... Role by Actor Simone Singh as Sakshi Goenka (Pivotal role)
*''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''.... Role by Actor Simone Singh as Sakshi Goenka (Pivotal role)
*Pivotal roles which stole the screen space and  matched to lead
**e.g.: The character of  Thiripura Sundhari Laxmanan played by ''[[Yuvarani]]''
**'' Bhuvaneshwari Laxmanan''  played by ''[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]]'' / ''[[Sudha Chandran]]'' in ''[[Thendral]]'' which had 3 main leads
**'' [[Rupal Patel]] ''as Kokila Desai Modi  in ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' which had two main leads **''Takurain'' played by ''Asmita Sharma'' in ''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]]''
**''Abiramavalli "Abirami" Madhan''played by ''Brinda Das'' in ''[[Anandham (TV series)]]''
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*Pivotal roles which stole the screen space and  matched to lead eg: ''[[Yuvarani]]'' as Thiripura Sundhari Laxmanan,''[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]]'' / ''[[Sudha Chandran]]'' as Bhuvaneshwari "Bhuvana" Laxmanan in [[Thendral]] which had 3 main leads,'' [[Rupal Patel]] ''as Kokila Desai Modi  in [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]] which had two main leads, ''Takurain'' played by ''Asmita Sharma'' in [[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]]
*From 2003 First TV serial which brought second role as negative lead e.g.:''[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)]]''....[[Rupali Ganguly]] as Dr Simran
*(2008–16) Village people Dramas were very popular
*(2008–16) Village people Dramas were very popular
* After the serial of ''[[Durgesh Nandinii]]'' and ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' More tele serials popped up related to obstacles faced by Rural life of residing people
* After the serial of ''[[Durgesh Nandinii]]'', and ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' More tele serials popped up related to obstacles faced by Rural life of residing people
* ''[[Ganga Kii Dheej]]'', ''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]'', ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]'', ''[[Do Saheliyaan... Kismat Ki Kathputaliyaan]]'', ''Main Baabul ke Des'', ''Adhikaar ek kasam ek tapasya'', ''[[Sanskaar Laxmi]]'', ''[[Tere Mere Sapne (TV series)|Tere Mere Sapne]]'', ''[[Waaris (2016 TV series)|Waaris]]'', ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]'', ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]''.
** ''[[Na Aana Is Des Laado]]''
**''[[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]]''
**''[[Ganga Kii Dheej]]''
**''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]''
** ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''
** ''[[Do Saheliyaan... Kismat Ki Kathputaliyaan]]''
**''Main Baabul ke Des''
** ''Adhikaar ek kasam ek tapasya''
** ''[[Sanskaar Laxmi]]''
**''[[Tere Mere Sapne (TV series)|Tere Mere Sapne]]''
** ''[[Waaris (2016 TV series)]]''
** ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]''
** ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]''.
* 2013:''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'' which was produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] inspired on [[Saraswatichandra (novel)|Saraswatichandra]] by [[Govardhanram Tripathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|title=Saraswatichandra not a love story|website=Live Mint|date=30 March 2013 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328112036/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
* 2013:''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'' which was produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] inspired on [[Saraswatichandra (novel)|Saraswatichandra]] by [[Govardhanram Tripathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|title=Saraswatichandra not a love story|website=Live Mint|date=30 March 2013 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328112036/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
* 2016:[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]] which is Musical drama television series played by [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]] / [[Amrita Rao]] / [[Deepti Naval]] as Kalyani;[[Mehnaaz Maan]] / [[Aditi Vasudev]] / [[Zarina Wahab]] as Ketaki played the lead roles comprising three generations of two Singing Sisters
*2014:''[[Yudh (TV series)]]'' is ''[[psychological thriller]]'' & ''[[miniseries]]'' starred [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Sarika]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Mona Wasu]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] and [[Kay Kay Menon]]
* 2016:''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]'' which is Musical drama television series of two sisters who are musical singers which puts them in distance,rivalry and misunderstandings.
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2017–2020
| style="text-align: center;" | 2017–2020
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* Few tele series made with T.v main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type of roles.which created strong impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anaami from Chakravyuh to Ragini from Agnifera: We need more such feisty girls to transform Indian TV
* Few tele series made with T.v main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type of roles.which created strong impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anaami from Chakravyuh to Ragini from Agnifera: We need more such feisty girls to transform Indian TV
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/photo/anaami-from-chakravyuh-to-ragini-from-agnifera-we-need-more-such-feisty-girls-to-transform-indian-tv-lifetv-989607-2017-08-16/2 |website=indiatoday|date=16 August 2017 |access-date=2018-07-14}}</ref>
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/photo/anaami-from-chakravyuh-to-ragini-from-agnifera-we-need-more-such-feisty-girls-to-transform-indian-tv-lifetv-989607-2017-08-16/2 |website=indiatoday|date=16 August 2017 |access-date=2018-07-14}}</ref>
*In mid 2000's Tv serial from Balaji Telefilms Limited which launched a Tamil serial with new rare concept ''Kanavaru kaha''which had 2 leads The Main lead was Actor Sujitha & the serial had next lead character played by Ahalya fame Tinky Simar Kaur as Padmini with Strong headed personality.
*In mid 2000's TV serial from Balaji Telefilms Limited which launched a Tamil serial with new rare concept ''Kanavaru kaha''which had 2 leads The Main lead was Actor Sujitha & the serial had next lead character played by Ahalya fame Tinky Simar Kaur as Padmini with Strong headed personality.
*Parvati sehgal played second lead with negative shades and aggressive type in [[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parvati Sehgal interview|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parvati-sehgal-quits-pratigya/articleshow/11399631.cms|website=times of india|date=7 January 2012 |access-date=2012-01-07}}</ref>
*Parvati sehgal played second lead with negative shades and aggressive type in [[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parvati Sehgal interview|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parvati-sehgal-quits-pratigya/articleshow/11399631.cms|website=times of india|date=7 January 2012 |access-date=2012-01-07}}</ref>
|
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* [[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]... Mahima Makwana as Anami Baldev Singh
* [[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]... Mahima Makwana as Anami Baldev Singh
*[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]] ;[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya 2]] ....Parvati Sehgal as Komal Singh Thakur
*[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]] ;[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya 2]] ....Parvati Sehgal as Komal Singh Thakur
*[[Azhagu (TV series)]]...VJ Sangeetha as Poorna
|
*From 2017 Rural based dramas were decreased, Rural based dramas had strong content which ran for short period of time [[Laado 2]] which was the sequel of the 2009–2012 series [[Na Aana Is Des Laado]] ran for 7 months ending 130 episodes,There was a change in viewers point of view
|}
|}
===1980 and 1990s Notable Telefilms & Televised series===
*Prem Daan (1992) by Actors [[Khushbu Sundar]] & [[Nitish Bharadwaj]]
*[[Kadhal Pagadai]] (1996) series acted by [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] & [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] directed by veteran Tamil film director [[K. Balachander]].
*Bangle Box by Actor [[Nandita Das]].
* Suno Re Kissa (1991) by [[Manoj Bajpayee]] in Theatrical Play format
===2000's Telefilms in Televised series format(Biweekly/rare sometimes monthly ) ===
*MTV Fully Faltoo  by [[MTV (Indian TV channel)]] for a period of approx.ten years


===Rapid Expansion and Emerging Trends in the Early 2000s===
===Rapid Expansion and Emerging Trends in the Early 2000s===
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====Biographical Dramas====
====Biographical Dramas====
Biographical dramas based on historical figures gained popularity on Indian television. Notable examples include ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'', ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'', ''[[Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]], [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|Rudramadevi]]''. These shows depicted significant moments and figures from Indian history.
Biographical dramas based on historical figures gained popularity on Indian television. Notable examples include ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'', ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'', ''[[Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]], [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|Rudramadevi]]''. These shows depicted significant moments and figures from Indian history.
====Comedy Shows====
====Comedy Shows====
Popular comedy shows include ''[[Khushiyan]]'', ''Soni Mahiwal'', ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]'', ''[[Bhaskar Bharti]]'', ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]]'', ''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]]'', ''[[Maddam Sir]]''.
Popular comedy shows include ''[[Khushiyan]]'', ''Soni Mahiwal'', ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]'', ''[[Bhaskar Bharti]]'', ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]]'', ''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]]'', ''[[Maddam Sir]]''.
====Comedy Sitcoms====
====Comedy Sitcoms====
Well-known sitcoms include  
Well-known sitcoms include  
**''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]'', and ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''.
*[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]
**Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' are still considered among the best in India.
*Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'',''[[Karyam Nissaram (TV series)|Karyam Nissaram]]'' are still considered among the best in India.
**''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]''
*''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]''
** ''Hum Saath Aaat Hain''
*''Hum Saath Aaat Hain''
**''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]''
*''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]''
**''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV series)|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]''
*''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV series)|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]''
** ''[[Malini Iyer]]''
*''[[Malini Iyer]]''
** ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]''
*''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]''
**''[[Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu]]''
*''[[Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu]]''
** ''Kadvee Khattee Meethi''
*''Kadvee Khattee Meethi''
**''[[Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi]]''
*''[[Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi]]''
**''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|FIR]]''
*''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|FIR]]''
**''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]''
*''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]''
**''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]''
*''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]''
**''[[Chidiya Ghar]]''
*''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]''
**''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''
*''[[Chidiya Ghar]]''
**''[[Sumit Sambhal Lega]]''
*''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''
**''[[TV Biwi Aur Main]]''
*''[[Sumit Sambhal Lega]]''
**''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo]]''
*''[[TV Biwi Aur Main]]''
*''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo]]''


====Crime Dramas and Thriller Series====
====Crime Dramas and Thriller Series====
Crime dramas have been a staple of Indian television. [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']] (1998–2018) followed a team of detectives from Mumbai's Crime Investigation Department and became the longest-running crime show in India, airing for 20 years. Other notable crime and thriller series include ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]'', ''[[Jasoos Vijay]]'', [[Special Squad (Indian TV series)|''Special Squad'']], ''[[Monica Mogre – Case Files]]'', [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']], [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']], [[24 (Indian TV series)|''24'']], [[CIF (TV series)|''CIF'']], and ''[[Zindagi Badal Sakta Hai Hadsaa]]''.
Crime dramas have been a staple of Indian television. [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']] (1998–2018) followed a team of detectives from Mumbai's Crime Investigation Department and became the longest-running crime show in India, airing for 20 years. Other notable crime and thriller series include ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]'', ''[[Jasoos Vijay]]'', [[Special Squad (Indian TV series)|''Special Squad'']], ''[[Monica Mogre – Case Files]]'', [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']], [[CID (Indian TV series)|''C.I.D.'']], [[24 (Indian TV series)|''24'']], [[CIF (TV series)|''CIF'']], and ''[[Zindagi Badal Sakta Hai Hadsaa]]''.
==== Cultural clash serials====
*''[[Firangi Bahu]], [[Anandibaa Aur Emily]]'':Son weds foreign girl and brings her as bahu in his home,culture clash arises between Indian mother in law and foreign daughter in law.
*''[[Dollar Bahu]]''
====Emotional-Psychological abuse series====
====Emotional-Psychological abuse series====
*''[[Vaidehi (2006 TV series)]]''
*''[[Vaidehi (2006 TV series)]]''
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====Fantasy Series====
====Fantasy Series====
Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'', ''[[Arslaan]]'', ''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'', ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'', ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and ''Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha'' were popular in the early 2000s. [[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga|''Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga'']] aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 2018 to 2021.
Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'', ''[[Arslaan]]'', ''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'', ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'', ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and ''Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha'' were popular in the early 2000s. ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]'' aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 2018 to 2021.


====Flight Attendant and Aviation-Related Series====
====Flight Attendant and Aviation-Related Series====
Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|''Airlines'']], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include [[Saara Akaash|''Saara Akaash'']] and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'', centered on the air force.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>
Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|''Airlines'']], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include ''[[Saara Akaash]]'' and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'', centered on the air force.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>


====Historical Series====
====Historical Series====
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Other popular historical series include ''[[21 Sarfarosh – Saragarhi 1897]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Bharatvarsh (TV series)|Bharatvarsh]]'', ''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]'', ''[[Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani]]''.
Other popular historical series include ''[[21 Sarfarosh – Saragarhi 1897]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Bharatvarsh (TV series)|Bharatvarsh]]'', ''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]'', ''[[Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani]]''.
====Historical Comedy Drama====
====Historical Comedy Drama====
[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|''Tenali Rama'']], based on the life of the Telugu poet [[Tenali Ramakrishna]], aired on Sony SAB starting on 11 July 2017.
[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|''Tenali Rama'']], based on the life of the Telugu poet [[Tenali Ramakrishna]], aired on Sony SAB starting on 11 July 2017.


=== Language Fun series(edutainment show)===
==== Language Fun series(edutainment show)====
''Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain'':2008 series of ''Imagine TV (NDTV Imagine)'' played by Shernaz Patel who played the role of a English Language Trainer in Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain  
''Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain'':2008 series of ''Imagine TV (NDTV Imagine)'' played by Shernaz Patel who played the role of an English Language Trainer in Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain
 
====Legal Drama Series====
====Legal Drama Series====
In 1993, [[DD Metro]] aired ''[[Kanoon (TV series)|Kanoon]]'', a courtroom drama with 111 episodes produced by [[B. R. Chopra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19931215-b-r-chopra-back-on-tv-with-courtroom-drama-811942-1993-12-15|title=B R Chopra back with courtroom drama|date=15 December 1993 |access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> Another notable legal drama was [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']] (2010–2016), which focused on a defense lawyer, Advocate K. D. Pathak, played by [[Ronit Roy]].
In 1993, [[DD Metro]] aired ''[[Kanoon (TV series)|Kanoon]]'', a courtroom drama with 111 episodes produced by [[B. R. Chopra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19931215-b-r-chopra-back-on-tv-with-courtroom-drama-811942-1993-12-15|title=B R Chopra back with courtroom drama|date=15 December 1993 |access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> Another notable legal drama was [[Adaalat (TV series)|''Adaalat'']] (2010–2016), which focused on a defense lawyer, Advocate K. D. Pathak, played by [[Ronit Roy]].


====Naagina series|Vishkanya|Bhoothani series ====
====Naagina series|Vishkanya|Bhoothani series ====
*Naagina series
*''Naagina'' series
**''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''
**''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''
** ''[[Nandini (TV series)]]''
** ''[[Nandini (TV series)]]''
**''[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|''Naaginn'']]''
**''[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|''Naaginn'']]''
*Vishkanya series
*''Vishkanya'' series
**Vishkanya Ek Anokhi Prem Kahani,''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]'',
**Vishkanya Ek Anokhi Prem Kahani,''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]'',
*Bhootani series
*''Bhootani'' series
**''Hawayein''(2004 series):Romantic series of Resham, Ghost & Shahid, a human.
**''Hawayein''(2004 series):Romantic series of Resham, Ghost & Shahid, a human.


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====Political family drama ====
====Political family drama ====
*''[[Sarrkkar – Risshton Ki Ankahi Kahani]]'';Penned by [[Shobhaa De]], the serial was produced by [[Siddhant Cinevision]]
*''[[Sarrkkar – Risshton Ki Ankahi Kahani]]'';Penned by [[Shobhaa De]], the serial was produced by [[Siddhant Cinevision]], [[Zee TV]] in 2005–2006..
*[[Zee TV]] in 2005–2006..


====Revenge Series====
====Revenge Series====
Revenge-thriller shows gained significant attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 revenge dramas on Indian TV with dramatic twists; from Mouni Roy's Naagin to Nakuul Mehta's Ishqbaaz|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/top-5-revenge-dramas-on-indian-tv-with-dramatic-twists-from-mouni-roys-naagin-to-nakuul-mehtas-ishqbaaz-1338429|website=pinkvilla.com|date=12 August 2024 }}</ref> such as  
Revenge-thriller shows gained significant attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 revenge dramas on Indian TV with dramatic twists; from Mouni Roy's Naagin to Nakuul Mehta's Ishqbaaz|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/top-5-revenge-dramas-on-indian-tv-with-dramatic-twists-from-mouni-roys-naagin-to-nakuul-mehtas-ishqbaaz-1338429|website=pinkvilla.com|date=12 August 2024 }}</ref> such as  
*''Kasamm''(1999-2000)(First revenge series in Indian drama)
*''Kasamm''(1999–2000)(First revenge series in Indian drama)
* ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''(2014)
* ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''(2014)
*''[[Beyhadh]]''(2016-17)
*''[[Beyhadh]]''(2016–17)


====Royal family or Ancestral family series====
====Royal family or Ancestral family series====
*'''Love story:(Drama)'''
*'''Love story:(Drama)'''
**''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat (TV series)|Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat ]]''
**''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat (TV series)|Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat]]''
* '''Family drama story''':(Drama)
* '''Family drama story''':(Drama)
**''Thirumagal'':Family Feuds, Greed, Ego and Value Destruction,Usurp,fraud,Murder to get Royal position status :
**''Thirumagal'':Family Feuds, Greed, Ego and Value Destruction,Usurp,fraud,Murder to get Royal position status :
*'''Romantic-Thriller type of series:(Telefilm series)'''
*'''Romantic-Thriller type of series:(Telefilm series)'''
**''[[Hum Rahein Na Rahein Hum]]:''Family politics,Revenge,pride,social status and Royal rules/protocols
**''[[Hum Rahein Na Rahein Hum]]:''Family politics,Revenge,pride,social status and Royal rules/protocols
**Ancestor Property dispute series
*'''Ancestor Property dispute series'''
***''[[Deivamagal]]''
***''[[Deivamagal]]''


====Science Fiction Series====
====Science Fiction Series====
[[Captain Vyom|''Captain Vyom'']], an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s.
''[[Captain Vyom]]'', an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s.


====Social Dramas====
====Social Dramas====
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*''[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]''
*''[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]''
*''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)]]''
*''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)]]''
====Superhero Shows====
====Superhero Shows====
Superhero shows like ''[[Shaktimaan]]'' and [[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha|''Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha'']] gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Superhero shows like ''[[Shaktimaan]]'' and ''[[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha]]'' gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
 
====Teen series====
====Teen series====
*''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]]'',''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)]]''
*''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]'',''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)]]''[''(season 1 and season2)'']
* ''School Days''(DD serial)
* ''School Days''(DD serial)


===''Youth series''===
====''Youth series''====
*''Yuva''(telugu serial)
*''Yuva''(Telugu serial)
*''[[Kitni Mast Hai Zindagi]]''
*''[[Kitni Mast Hai Zindagi]]''
*''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]''
*''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]''
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==Mythological Series (2011–2020)==
==Mythological Series (2011–2020)==
''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' achieved record-breaking [[Target rating point|TRPs]] and became one of the most successful mythological dramas in India. Other popular mythological series include ''[[Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]'' (2017–18), ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013–14), and ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakaali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-to-go-off-air-soon-pooja-sharma-saurabh-raaj-share-pictures-from-the-last-day-of-the-sets/articleshow/65130912.cms|title=Mahakaali to air off soon|website=The Times of India|date=25 July 2018 }}</ref>
*''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' achieved record-breaking [[Target rating point|TRPs]] and became one of the most successful mythological dramas in India.  
*Other popular mythological series include  
**''[[Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]'' (2017–18)
**''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013–14)
**''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakaali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-to-go-off-air-soon-pooja-sharma-saurabh-raaj-share-pictures-from-the-last-day-of-the-sets/articleshow/65130912.cms|title=Mahakaali to air off soon|website=The Times of India|date=25 July 2018 }}</ref>


==Evolution of TV serials from 2001 to 2020==
==Evolution of TV serials from 2001 to 2020==
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* ''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'': Shankar Pratapsingh who works in criminal world with uncontrollable temper. His head Rudra Pratapsingh wishes to utilise his anger for his field. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
* ''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'': Shankar Pratapsingh who works in criminal world with uncontrollable temper. His head Rudra Pratapsingh wishes to utilise his anger for his field. Aired on [[Zee TV]]
* ''[[Dishayen]]'': A tale of twin sisters Neha & Nikita deceived and trapped in own lie. Aired on [[DD National]]
* ''[[Dishayen]]'': A tale of twin sisters Neha & Nikita deceived and trapped in own lie. Aired on [[DD National]]
* ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'': Ambitious woman Abhi who is envied by her Ex-husband Baskar and shares bitter Rivalry towards her corporate malpractice half-brother Adhitya. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Tv]]
* ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'': Ambitious woman Abhi who is envied by her Ex-husband Baskar and shares bitter Rivalry towards her corporate malpractice half-brother Adhitya. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
* ''[[Thendral]]'': The story about Tulasi how she strives to pursue her education, and her life turns beautiful after she finds supportive husband Tamizh. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Tv]]
* ''[[Thendral]]'': The story about Tulasi how she strives to pursue her education, and her life turns beautiful after she finds supportive husband Tamizh. Aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
*''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]'':Dr. Simran Mathur, a renowned gynecologist who marries a man Abhimanyu Saxena a.k.a. Abhi (Dr. Simran's husband) ten years younger than herself and how she is trapped in pungent criticism
*''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]'':Dr. Simran Mathur, a renowned gynecologist who marries a man Abhimanyu Saxena a.k.a. Abhi (Dr. Simran's husband) ten years younger than herself and how she is trapped in pungent criticism
*''[[Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii]]'':Story of two childhood friends, Tanushree and Sonia and has misunderstanding friendship breaksafter they discover that they are both married to the same man, Harsh.Aired on [[Metro Gold]]later [[StarPlus]]
*''[[Kabhii Sautan Kabhii Sahelii]]'':Story of two childhood friends, Tanushree and Sonia and has misunderstanding friendship breaksafter they discover that they are both married to the same man, Harsh.Aired on [[Metro Gold]]later [[StarPlus]]
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*''[[Yahan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli]]'':The story of joint family lives in mansion named''Swarn Bhawan''.Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''[[Yahan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli]]'':The story of joint family lives in mansion named''Swarn Bhawan''.Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''[[Aisa Des Hai Mera (TV series)|Aisa des hai mera]]'':The story of a girl Rusti raised in England with her mother realizes her own father is in India and after coming to India life is not easy for rusti & the story unfolds how she faces different perceptions gets adjusted to desi environment after her marriage with Samay.Aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
*''[[Aisa Des Hai Mera (TV series)|Aisa des hai mera]]'':The story of a girl Rusti raised in England with her mother realizes her own father is in India and after coming to India life is not easy for rusti & the story unfolds how she faces different perceptions gets adjusted to desi environment after her marriage with Samay.Aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
* ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'':This serial launched from March 3, 2008 at 8.30 pm slot after the final completion of [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasuati Zindagi kay]] is the story is of two lovers, Prem and Heer and their true love made for each other ,with other key roles Preet and meher. Aired on [[StarPlus]]
* ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'':This serial launched from March 3, 2008, at 8.30 pm slot after the final completion of [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasuati Zindagi kay]] is the story is of two lovers, Prem and Heer and their true love made for each other, with other key roles Preet and meher. Aired on [[StarPlus]]
*''[[Teen Bahuraaniyaan]]'':Story of daughters-in-law from different backgrounds and how they are united each other Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''[[Teen Bahuraaniyaan]]'':Story of daughters-in-law from different backgrounds and how they are united each other Aired on [[Zee TV]]
*''Sanskar'': Family drama ;Aired on [[DD National|Doordarshan DD National (DD1)]]
*''Sanskar'': Family drama ;Aired on [[DD National|Doordarshan DD National (DD1)]]
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*''[[Devi (TV series)|Devi]]'':The story revolves around Gayatri and her injustices and how Gayatri's husband Vikram Sharma gets punished for his actions ;Aired on [[Sony TV]]
*''[[Devi (TV series)|Devi]]'':The story revolves around Gayatri and her injustices and how Gayatri's husband Vikram Sharma gets punished for his actions ;Aired on [[Sony TV]]
*''Aakrosh''(2004–2005),''[[Kayaamat]]'':Hindi-language thriller television series ;Aired on DD national
*''Aakrosh''(2004–2005),''[[Kayaamat]]'':Hindi-language thriller television series ;Aired on DD national
*''[[Sinndoor Tere Naam Ka]]'':The story deals with three lives of womenVedika ,Niharika & Arpita ;Aired on Zee TV
*''[[Sinndoor Tere Naam Ka]]'':The story deals with three lives of womenVedika, Niharika & Arpita ;Aired on Zee TV
*''Parrivaar - Kartavya Ki Pariksha'':Story of Radha who has no father where she has to care the family and earn.  Aired on Zee TV


===Other diverse dramas===
===Other diverse dramas===
====Noon slots (2000–12)====
====Noon slots (2000–15)====
*Noon slot family dramas gained particular prominence in the mid-2000s, enjoyed as much success as Prime-time shows.  
*Noon slot family dramas gained particular prominence in the mid-2000s, enjoyed as much success as Prime-time shows.  
**''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]''
**''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]''
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*In 2000-2002 times [[Ghar Ek Mandir (TV series)|Ghar Ek Mandir]] the first popular noon slot show 3.30 PM and repeat telecast at night 9PM.Sony serials like [[Shaheen (Indian TV series)|Shaheen]] and [[Heena (TV series)|Heena]] and other popular serials had retelecast at noon slots due to different serials clash at Prime time slots from 7PM-11.30PM
*In 2000-2002 times [[Ghar Ek Mandir (TV series)|Ghar Ek Mandir]] the first popular noon slot show 3.30 PM and repeat telecast at night 9PM.Sony serials like [[Shaheen (Indian TV series)|Shaheen]] and [[Heena (TV series)|Heena]] and other popular serials had retelecast at noon slots due to different serials clash at Prime time slots from 7PM-11.30PM
*In 2011 [[Tere Mere Sapne (TV series)|Tere mere sapne]] the last show of after noon slot in STAR Plus which is famous & Known for Noon shows in mid 1990's and [[2000s]].
*In 2011 [[Tere Mere Sapne (TV series)|Tere mere sapne]] the last show of after noon slot in STAR Plus which is famous & Known for Noon shows in mid 1990's and [[2000s]].
*DD national maintains noon slot timing and week day shows


===Retelecast (2006–09)===
===Retelecast (2006–09)===
It was also common for prime-time shows to be retelecast during the afternoon slot, further boosting their popularity.In 2007 Hindi general entertainment channels re aired old serials during Non prime time hours. [[StarPlus]] made reteleacast of past hit shows like kyun hota hai pyaar, ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'', ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'', ''Kehtha hai dil'' and other previous completed shows aired in morning(Non-Prime Time hours) from 7.00AM to 11.00 AM.[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony]] aired its old popular completed TV soaps [[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]], [[Kkusum]], [[Ye Meri Life Hai]] in Morning hours and Non-Prime Time hours.[[Doordarshan|DD]] channel aired [[Meher (TV series)|Meher]] serial at Non-Prime Time 4pm in 2009 during Sundays
*It was also common for prime-time shows to be retelecast during the afternoon slot, further boosting their popularity.In 2007 Hindi general entertainment channels re aired old serials during Non prime time hours.  
*[[StarPlus]] made reteleacast of past hit shows like kyun hota hai pyaar, ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'', ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'', ''Kehtha hai dil'' and other previous completed shows aired in morning(Non-Prime Time hours) from 7.00AM to 11.00 AM.
*[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony]] aired its old popular completed TV soaps ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]'', ''[[Kkusum]]'', ''[[Ye Meri Life Hai]]'' in Morning hours and Non-Prime Time hours.
*[[Doordarshan|DD]] channel aired ''[[Meher (TV series)|Meher]]'' serial at Non-Prime Time 4pm in 2009 during Sundays


===Weekday shows===
===Weekday shows===
Weekdays shows were made during early 2000's as more different serials were launched.''[[Kehta Hai Dil]]'', ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'', ''[[Meher (TV series)|Meher]]'', ''Dil se door Dil ke paas'', ''Kyun Hota Hai Pyaar'', ''[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)|Sanjivani]]'', ''[[Devi (TV series)|Devi]]'' were the most hit shows of 2000s.
Weekdays shows were made during early 2000's as more different serials were launched.These shows were the most known shows of 2000s.
*''[[Kehta Hai Dil]]''
*''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]''
*''[[Meher (TV series)|Meher]]''
* ''Dil se door Dil ke paas''
*''Kyun Hota Hai Pyaar''
*''[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)|Sanjivani]]''
* ''[[Devi (TV series)|Devi]]''


===Romantic trend of serials(2002-2013)===
===Romantic trend of serials(2002-2013)===
In mid 2000, Romantic serials were being made instead of regular family dramas. It started from [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]], [[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]] and then followed as trend.
In mid 2000, Romantic serials were being made instead of regular family dramas. It started from [[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]], [[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]] and then followed as trend.
one of the successful serials which started to add romantic themes and chemistry which were well received a mix of reactions from viewers especially from youths
one of the successful serials which started to add romantic themes and chemistry which were well received a mix of reactions from viewers especially from youths.
 
*''[[Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye]]''
*''[[Kaajjal]]''
*''[[Kaajjal]]''
*''[[Kitni Mast Hai Zindagi]]''
*''[[Kitni Mast Hai Zindagi]]''
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*''[[Pavitra Bandhan]]''
*''[[Pavitra Bandhan]]''
*''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]''
*''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]''
*''Sapnon Se Bhare Naina''
*''[[Bhaskar Bharti]]''
*''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]''
*''[[Kuchh Is Tara]]''
*''[[Office (TV series)|Office]]''
*''Aek Chabhi Hai Padoss Mein''
*''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]''


===Portrayal of strong female protagonists (2002-2010)===
===Portrayal of strong female protagonists (2002-2010)===
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*''Choti Maa: Ek Anokha Bandhan'':The story of a woman who has painful past is balancing the emotional and professional and family life as well as dealing with step daughter who is completely distracted by her aunt's intermeddler and refused to interact.([[Zee TV]]);
*''Choti Maa: Ek Anokha Bandhan'':The story of a woman who has painful past is balancing the emotional and professional and family life as well as dealing with step daughter who is completely distracted by her aunt's intermeddler and refused to interact.([[Zee TV]]);
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Vaishnavi Macdonald]]
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Vaishnavi Macdonald]]
 
*''Jeete Hain Jiske Liye'':The story of a woman Anjali who gets isolated yet she remains to be optimistic throughout.([[Sony Entertainment Television]])
*''Jeete Hain Jiske Liye'':The story of a woman Anjali who gets isolated yet she remains to be optimistic through out.([[Sony Entertainment Television]])
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Renuka Shahane]]
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Renuka Shahane]]
* ''[[Sujata (TV series)|Sujata]]'':The story is based on the life of a middle aged married woman name Sujata realize that her family has not respected her value and decides to find her own way to live life([[Sony Entertainment Television]]);
* ''[[Sujata (TV series)|Sujata]]'':The story is based on the life of a middle aged married woman name Sujata realize that her family has not respected her value and decides to find her own way to live life([[Sony Entertainment Television]]);
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Indrani Haldar]]
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Indrani Haldar]]
* ''[[Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Sa Aasmaan]]'':Motivational story which is about Uma who pursues her dreams despite resistance about the woman empowerment.([[StarPlus]])
* ''[[Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Sa Aasmaan]]'':Motivational story which is about Uma who pursues her dreams despite resistance about the woman empowerment.([[StarPlus]])
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Smriti Irani]]
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Smriti Irani]]
*''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'':The story of Devyani and how she became very successful businesswoman.([[Sahara One]])
*''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'':The story of Devyani and how she became very successful businesswoman.([[Sahara One]])
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Karisma Kapoor]]
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Karisma Kapoor]]
* ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'':The story of Business woman Abhi and her difficulties in her business journey and how her family gets step back and stop doing which is indeed needed for her.She gets help from her rare true close friendship tholkaapian.([[Sun TV (India)|SUN TV]])  
* ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'':The story of Business woman Abhi and her difficulties in her business journey and how her family gets step back and stop doing which is indeed needed for her.She gets help from her rare true close friendship tholkaapian.([[Sun TV (India)|SUN TV]])  
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]
*''[[Kucchh Pal Saath Tumhara]]'':The story portrays the life a young woman name Nandini who deals with hardships of life and battles [[Social norm]].([[Sahara One]])
*''[[Kucchh Pal Saath Tumhara]]'':The story portrays the life a young woman name Nandini who deals with hardships of life and battles [[Social norm]].([[Sahara One]])
**The main lead was played by Actor Sushmita Daan  
**The main lead was played by Actor Sushmita Daan
 
* ''Yathumagi Nindrai'':The story of 3 woman lawyer,police officer,social worker.([[Zee Tamil]])
* ''Yathumagi Nindrai'':The story of 3 woman lawyer,police officer,social worker.([[Zee Tamil]])
**The main lead was played by Actors [[Swarnamalya]], Neeraja, Srirekha  
**The main lead was played by Actors [[Swarnamalya]], Neeraja, Srirekha
 
*''[[Amber Dhara]]'':The story of [[Conjoined twins]] who wishes to become Musicalsinger.([[Sony Entertainment Television]]);The main lead was played by Actors [[Kashmira Irani]] & [[Sulagna Panigrahi]]
*''[[Amber Dhara]]'':The story of [[Conjoined twins]] who wishes to become Musicalsinger.([[Sony Entertainment Television]]);The main lead was played by Actors [[Kashmira Irani]] & [[Sulagna Panigrahi]]
 
*''[[Hello Pratibha]]'':The story of a house wife prathiba who sacrifices her passion and interests for the sake of family faces the identity crisis by the same family.([[Zee TV]])
*''[[Hello Pratibha]]'':The story of a house wife prathiba who sacrifices her passion and interests for the sake of family faces the identity crisis by the same family.([[Zee TV]])
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Binny Sharma]]  
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Binny Sharma]]
 
* ''[[Manshaa]]'':The story of Manshaa dealing with her personal loss.([[Zee TV]] )
* ''[[Manshaa]]'':The story of Manshaa dealing with her personal loss.([[Zee TV]] )
**The main lead was played by Actor Gulrez Khan
**The main lead was played by Actor Gulrez Khan
*''[[Ladies Special|Ladies special season 1]]'':The story of 4 working women.
*''[[Ladies Special|Ladies special season 1]]'':The story of 4 working women.
**The main lead of First  season was played by Actors [[Neena Gupta]] ,[[Shilpa Tulaskar]] ,[[Ashita Dhawan]] ,[[Payel Sarkar]]  
**The main lead of First  season was played by Actors [[Neena Gupta]] ,[[Shilpa Tulaskar]] ,[[Ashita Dhawan]] ,[[Payel Sarkar]]  
**After long gap later season2 was launched in 27 November 2018 with different story line.Aired on ([[Sony Entertainment Television]])
**After long gap later season2 was launched on 27 November 2018 with different story line.Aired on ([[Sony Entertainment Television]])
 
*''Savithri'':The story and the journey of life of Savithri.Aired on [[Jaya TV]]
*''Savithri'':The story and the journey of life of Savithri.Aired on [[Jaya TV]]
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Sanghavi]]
**The main lead was played by Actor [[Sanghavi]]
*''[[Ek Packet Umeed]]'':The story focuses on Ambika Dharamraj and 15 other members who have all chosen to make a change.  
*''[[Ek Packet Umeed]]'':The story focuses on Ambika Dharamraj and 15 other members who have all chosen to make a change.  
**Mainlead:Ambika Dharamraj [[Neena Kulkarni]]
**Mainlead:Ambika Dharamraj [[Neena Kulkarni]]
 
*''[[Thodi Khushi Thode Gham]]'':Battle of  Patriarchy Male dominance which was depicted in nice manner;Aired on [[Sony TV]]
===Other popular dramatic serials(2010-2020)===
**Main lead:[[Deepa Parab]] as Sneha Shah
Popular dramatic serials were well appreciated from viewers for strong screenplay & stellar performances.
*''[[Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon]]''
*''[[Hitler Didi]]''
*''[[Kya Huaa Tera Vaada]]''
*''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''
* ''[[Pandian Stores]]''and its adaptation''[[Gupta Brothers]]''
*''[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]]''
*''[[Aap Ke Aa Jane Se]]''
*''[[Bepannah]]''
*''[[Woh Apna Sa]]''
*''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]''
*''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswati chandra]]''
*''[[Khwabon Ke Darmiyan]]''
*''[[Badalte Rishton Ki Dastaan]]''
*''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]''


===Serials based on daughter as main theme===
===Serials based on daughter as main theme===
''[[Virrudh]]'', ''[[Rishton Ke Bhanwar Mein Uljhi Niyati]]'', ''[[Maharani (2009 TV series)|Maharani]]'', ''Thirumagal'' are based on how daughters role is important being a pillar support as well as with emotional bond and play a significant pivotal role to their families as well as society and how their significant decisions are best in worst situations.
''[[Virrudh]]'', ''[[Rishton Ke Bhanwar Mein Uljhi Niyati]]'', ''[[Maharani (2009 TV series)|Maharani]]'', ''Parrivaar - Kartavya Ki Pariksha'' are based on how daughters role is important being a pillar support as well as with emotional bond and play a significant pivotal role to their families as well as society and how their significant decisions are best in worst situations.
 
===2006-2019 Hit Serials with mixed combinations===
The following series which had mixed combination of romance, drama, emotions and light comedy which had good impact from viewers but the few series gets completed with short time even after popularity due to various reasons.
*''[[Bhaskar Bharti]]''
*''[[Ajeeb Daastaan Hai Ye]]''
*''[[Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar]]''
*''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''
*''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]''
*''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]''
*''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''
*''[[Naamkarann]]''
*''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''
*''[[Thodi Khushi Thode Gham]]''
*''[[Kuchh Is Tara]]''
*''[[Office (TV series)|Office]]''
*''[[Nisha Aur Uske Cousins]]''
*''[[Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan]]''
*''[[Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhania]]''
*''Aek Chabhi Hai Padoss Mein''
*''[[Dil Toh Happy Hai Ji]]''
*[[Sasural Genda Phool]]


===Concept related serials===
===Concept related serials===
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**Actors:[[Sudeep Sahir]] ,Ansh Sinha,[[Sayantani Ghosh]],[[Shweta Gulati]]
**Actors:[[Sudeep Sahir]] ,Ansh Sinha,[[Sayantani Ghosh]],[[Shweta Gulati]]
* ''Sautela''(2007 series)
* ''Sautela''(2007 series)
**Themes:Father and son emotional bond ,longing ,unable to express their affection the story tells the relation is related only to blood and how tagged word/derogatory comment of relation has heavy impact on one's life
**Themes:Father and son emotional bond, longing, unable to express their affection the story tells the relation is related only to blood and how tagged word/derogatory comment of relation has heavy impact on one's life
**Actors:[[Mukesh Khanna]],[[Krushna Abhishek]]
**Actors:[[Mukesh Khanna]],[[Krushna Abhishek]]
* ''[[Mere Papa Hero Hiralal]]''  
* ''[[Mere Papa Hero Hiralal]]''  
**Themes:Father and daughter bond
**Themes:Father and daughter bond
**Actors:Sarwar Ahuja ,Riva Arora ,Ashima Bhalla  
**Actors:Sarwar Ahuja, Riva Arora, Ashima Bhalla  
* ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]''(2011),[[Parvarrish – Season 2]](2015).
* ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]''(2011),[[Parvarrish – Season 2]](2015).
**Themes:Practical story about the reality of Parents,Struggles of upbringing which explored the struggles of parents and their evolving dynamics with children
**Themes:Practical story about the reality of Parents,Struggles of upbringing which explored the struggles of parents and their evolving dynamics with children
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====Musical drama related series====
====Musical drama related series====
[[Meri Awaz Ko Mil Gayi Roshni]] is about the ambitions and passions of Musical singer Sudha Malik and her personal love raj and how she balanced her conflict of her personal and musical professional life.
''[[Meri Awaz Ko Mil Gayi Roshni]]'' is about the ambitions and passions of Musical singer Sudha Malik and her personal love raj and how she balanced her conflict of her personal and musical professional life.


[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]] which is Musical drama television series played by the [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]], [[Amrita Rao]] Mehnaaz Maan and [[Aditi Vasudev]] along with [[Deepti Naval]] and [[Zarina Wahab]] played the lead roles. The story continues with three generations of two sisters whose lives revolve around music which results in misunderstanding and stiff competition
''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]'' which is Musical drama television series played by the [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]], [[Amrita Rao]] Mehnaaz Maan and [[Aditi Vasudev]] along with [[Deepti Naval]] and [[Zarina Wahab]] played the lead roles. The story continues with three generations of two sisters whose lives revolve around music which results in misunderstanding and stiff competition


[[Tu Aashiqui]] a theme about musical-romance television show with combination and chemistry between Singer Paaki & Musician Ahaan
''[[Tu Aashiqui]]'' a theme about musical-romance television show with combination and chemistry between Singer Paaki & Musician Ahaan


====Medical related shows====
====Medical related shows====
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====Adventure related shows====
====Adventure related shows====
[[Everest (Indian TV series)|Everest]] revolves around the mountaineer Anjali Singh Rawat who successfully climbs [[Mount Everest]], created by Ashutosh Gowariker and produced by Ashutosh Gowariker Productions Private Limited (AGPPL). A. R. Rahman composed the music for this television show.
''[[Everest (Indian TV series)|Everest]]'' revolves around the mountaineer Anjali Singh Rawat who successfully climbs [[Mount Everest]], created by [[Ashutosh Gowariker]] and produced by Ashutosh Gowariker Productions Private Limited (AGPPL). A. R. Rahman composed the music for this television show.


==== Shows Had Portrayed related to work place rivalry & toxicity ====
==== Shows Had Portrayed related to work place rivalry & toxicity ====
* ''Kokila Enge Pogiraal'' which was a Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV from 1999 to 2000 and produced under the banner by [[Sivaji Productions]] revolves around the life of Kokila played by Actor [[Easwari Rao]] who works in office as employee where she develops rivalry through evil colleague who is a rich business man & client (played by [[Uppi Dada M.B.B.S.]]circuit fame Actor [[Chi. Guru Dutt]] in her office and she gets framed for wrong reasons in fake case but actually was done by same colleague with the influence of a politician and help of a lawyer as they want to escape the case.
* ''Kokila Enge Pogiraal'' which was a Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV from 1999 to 2000 and produced under the banner by [[Sivaji Productions]] revolves around the life of Kokila played by Actor [[Easwari Rao]] who works in office as employee where she develops rivalry through evil colleague who is a rich business man & client (played by [[Uppi Dada M.B.B.S.]]circuit fame Actor [[Chi. Guru Dutt]]) in her office and she gets framed for wrong reasons in fake case but actually was done by same colleague with the influence of a politician and help of a lawyer as they want to escape the case.
* ''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]'' season2 which had portrayed toxic work place cultures for few episodes as Gauri ([[Pallavi Subhash]]) as single mother who works in her deceased husband's Takeover partnership Firm which was acquired by distant brother in law Moksh(Arbaaz Ali Khan)
* ''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]'' season2 which had portrayed toxic work place cultures for few episodes as Gauri ([[Pallavi Subhash]]) as single mother who works in her deceased husband's Takeover partnership Firm which was acquired by distant brother in law Moksh(Arbaaz Ali Khan)
* The season 3 of'' [[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi|Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3]]'' where Sanjana played by Actor [[Sana Amin Sheikh]] as Negative lead where she works in Dev's communication business company as a Self-proclaimed fake interior decorator & Plagiarist designer.
* The season 3 of'' [[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi|Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3]]'' where Sanjana played by Actor [[Sana Amin Sheikh]] as Negative lead where she works in Dev's communication business company as a Self-proclaimed fake interior decorator & Plagiarist designer.
* ''[[Deivamagal|Deivamagal serial]]'' had Actor Rekha Krishnappa played the role of Gayathri anniyar as Autocratic authoritarian Hotel supervisor possessing Superiority complex attitude
* ''[[Deivamagal|Deivamagal serial]]'' had Actor Rekha Krishnappa played the role of Gayathri anniyar as Autocratic authoritarian Hotel supervisor possessing Superiority complex attitude


====Shows Had Portrayed related to [[Office humor]]====
====Shows Had Portrayed related to Office humor====
one of the best series related to workplace humor
one of the best series related to workplace humor
* ''[[Rishta.com]]'' series: A show about Partners who run matrimonial agency
* ''[[Rishta.com]]'' series: A show about Partners who run matrimonial agency
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*''[[Dil Ki Baatein Dil Hi Jaane]]'',show also focused on the life of Cancer Patient Started on 23 March 2015 and ended on 28 August 2015
*''[[Dil Ki Baatein Dil Hi Jaane]]'',show also focused on the life of Cancer Patient Started on 23 March 2015 and ended on 28 August 2015


===Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi===
==Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi==
*Home TV channel aired Foreign [[East Asia]]dramas in Hindi from 1996-1999 after 1999 the channel was closed.
*Home TV channel aired Foreign [[East Asia]]dramas in Hindi from 1996 to 1999 after 1999 the channel was closed.
*In 2010 [[YouTube]] and [[Dailymotion]] online video sharing platform maintained a wide popularity where users connected to internet started to watch different video T.v contents with another languages/languages translated/translation subtitles/shared languages with common words and different literary.
*In 2010 [[YouTube]] and [[Dailymotion]] online video sharing platform maintained a wide popularity where users connected to internet started to watch different video T.v contents with another languages/languages translated/translation subtitles/shared languages with common words and different literary.
*In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] had syndicated diverse shows from various countries including Brazil, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and Ukraine and dubbed in Hindi.That was the turning point where viewers made different choices to watch tele serials from various countries.
*In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] had syndicated diverse shows from various countries including Brazil, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and Ukraine and dubbed in Hindi.That was the turning point where viewers made different choices to watch tele serials from various countries.
*From 2015, the Hindi television industry has been striving to create new contents due to OTT platform saturation and other foreign TV dramas & Asian dramas.
*From 2015, the Hindi television industry has been striving to create new contents due to OTT platform saturation and other foreign TV dramas & Asian dramas.
===From 2012 Media overload phase===
 
*Pakistani dramas started to be catchy in social medias like [[YouTube]] and [[Dailymotion]] online video sharing platform which gained attention to few viewers
==From 2012 Media overload phase==
**[[Uraan (2010 TV series)]],[[Mujhe Khuda Pe Yaqeen Hai]],[[Humsafar]],[[Mehndi (TV series)]]
*From 2017 (K dramas) Korean dramas are popular now till 2024
*In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] started to launch pakistani urdu dramas  dubbed in in Hindi.
 
*From 2017 (K dramas) korean dramas are popular now till 2024
==Current trend 2025 AI phase==
*Indian serials has the challenge during AI phase which has superseded, techs of ''[[Morphing|Digital morphs]]'', ''[[Deepfake]]'', ''[[Animation]]'' and encompass all digital methods and techs in advance, AI illusory videos, AI Influencer/Virtual influencer which is the high risk and challenge to human power(manpower) related to entertainement services
*AI techs has the ability and power to create fiction impressive  illusory content videos in theme of cinematic platform effect,and the content seems real which captures in audience memory. ''Pull tactics'' is used
** "Pull strategy":This type of methods was used Digital era in 1993 cinematic platform Digital games ''[[Prince of Persia 2: The Shadow and the Flame]]''with powerful narration of short telling story with tempting animations Pictures and hook viewers to start the game and this strategy which continues level by level till end of the game.
*Currently AI manipulates voices which is challenge to voice performers.
*To balance this risk of powerful tech AI, more Ai and Animation web series and potential content television animated series needs to be made
**e.g.:  Animated feature films [[Kochadaiiyaan]] (2014)(photorealistic motion capture technology),[[Mahabharat (2013 film)]] (2013)
** e.g.:  Animated television series [[Baahubali: Crown of Blood]] (2024)from  [[Baahubali (franchise)]] launched at [[Disney+ Hotstar]].


==Popular TV serials affected from External Environment factors/External Business Environment factors==
==Popular TV serials affected from External Environment factors/External Business Environment factors==
*2008:[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]] serial ended on 4 December 2008 due to the Indian Television Strike that occurred for 3 weeks long.
*2008:''[[Waaris (2008 TV series)|Waaris]]'' serial ended on 4 December 2008 due to the Indian Television Strike that occurred for 3 weeks long.
*2008 :Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi a serial that aired on Zee TV from 29 October 2007 to 20 March 2008 based on traditional Bengali family which was different story and did well but there was misinformation fake news and assumed opinion that it was remake version of Blockbuster [[Devdas]] film and negative review was made on the serial . That misconception affected the serial and soon ended on 20 March 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2008/ajay-krish-interview-120308.html|title="Ardhangini suffered from comparison with Devdas" - Ajay Krish|last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
*2008 :''[[Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi]]'' a serial that aired on Zee TV from 29 October 2007 to 20 March 2008 based on traditional Bengali family which was different story and did well but there was misinformation fake news and assumed opinion that it was remake version of Blockbuster ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)]]'' film and negative review was made on the serial . That misconception affected the serial and soon ended on 20 March 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2008/ajay-krish-interview-120308.html|title="Ardhangini suffered from comparison with Devdas" - Ajay Krish|last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
*2020:[[Patiala Babes]], [[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]], [[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]], [[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]], [[Beyhadh 2]] due to the COVID-19 pandemic, [[Shaadi Mubarak]] a good heart warming show suffered due Covid phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rati-pandey-i-just-wished-shaadi-mubarak-had-a-proper-ending-rather-than-an-abrupt-one/articleshow/82877596.cms|title="Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt" |last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=timesofindia.indiatimes}}</ref>
*2020:''[[Patiala Babes]]'', ''[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]'', ''[[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]]'', ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]'', ''[[Beyhadh 2]]'' due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]'' a good heart warming show suffered due Covid phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rati-pandey-i-just-wished-shaadi-mubarak-had-a-proper-ending-rather-than-an-abrupt-one/articleshow/82877596.cms|title="Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt" |last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=timesofindia.indiatimes}}</ref>


===TV serials with ''[[Cultural conflict|Cultural clash]]''===
===COVID-19 pandemic phase===
*[[Firangi Bahu]], [[Anandibaa Aur Emily]]:Son weds foreign girl and brings her as bahu in his home,culture clash arises between Indian mother in law and foreign daughter in law.
*During COVID-19 pandemic phase all main Prime channels re aired old serials.
 
==Remakes and variations==
Majority Indian TV serials take themes and inspirations but they show their own skill of their imaginations, artistry photography and creativity  For e.g.
*''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]'' 2007 Tamil television soap opera aired weekday afternoons on Sun TV which had a powerful story as main character Selvam, Archana's husband loving husband of  Archana when he is in middle-class family though having so many problems/strife in family and stand by her;and care for his best friend Nandhini  after Selvam becomes popular luxury how his arrogance  manipulates the equations and bond of the family and puts him in the pathetic situation and gets separated from his wife archana forever  and extra marital affair of a friend nandini leading to  feud and death and crime as result selvam turns nothing
**The same serial was inspired and remade as ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' under Balaji Telefilms, which aired on Zee TV which was focused on first part of story Love and understanding bond as Manav and Archana who stand by each other's in arranged marriage and shows their power of love till death
 
==2011-2016 Dramatic serials==
===Popular Dramatic serials===
*''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
*''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
*''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''
*''[[Ajeeb Daastaan Hai Ye]]''
*''[[Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar]]''
*''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]''
*''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
*''[[Woh Apna Sa]]''
*''[[Balika Vadhu]]''
*''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''
*''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''
*''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''
*''[[Bepannah]]''
*''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''
* ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''
*''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswati chandra]]''
*''[[Hitler Didi]]''
*''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''
*''[[Navya..Naye Dhadkan Naye Sawaal]]''
*''[[Sabki Laadli Bebo]]''


===Remakes and variations===
=== Cherished Dramatic serials===
Majority Indian tv serials take themes and inspirations but they show their own skill of their imaginations, artistry photography and creativity  For eg.
*''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]''
*[[Thirumathi Selvam]] 2007 Tamil television soap opera aired weekday afternoons on Sun TV which had a powerful story as main character Selvam, Archana's husband loving husband of  Archana when he is in middle class family though having so many problems/strife in family and stand by her;and care for his best friend Nandhini  after Selvam becomes popular luxury how his arrogance  manipulates the equations and bond of the family and puts him in the pathetic situation and gets separated from his wife archana forever  and extra marital affair of a friend nandini leading to  feud and death and crime as result selvam turns nothing
*''[[Khwabon Ke Darmiyan]]''
**The same serial was inspired and remade as [[Pavitra Rishta]] under Balaji Telefilms, which aired on Zee TV which was focussed on first part of story Love and understanding bond as Manav and Archana who stand by each others in arranged marriage and shows their power of love till death
*''[[Badalte Rishton Ki Dastaan]]''
*''[[Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon]]''
*''[[Kya Huaa Tera Vaada]]''
*''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''
*''[[Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan]]''
*''[[Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhania]]''
*''[[Nisha Aur Uske Cousins]]''


==2011-2019==
==2017-2020 (Popular serials)==
*Serials based on rural dramas from 2008-10 was constant
*''[[Pandian Stores]]''and its adaptation''[[Gupta Brothers]]''
*Stylish dramas started to increase
*''[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]]''
**''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
*''[[Aap Ke Aa Jane Se]]''
**''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
*''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]''
**''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''
*''[[Naamkarann]]''
**''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)]]''
*''[[Dil Toh Happy Hai Ji]]''
**''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''
*''[[Pandavar Illam]]''remake:''Aa Okkati Adakku''
**''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''
*''[[Magarasi]]''
**''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''
*''[[Roja (2018 TV series)]]''
**''[[Balika Vadhu]]''
*''[[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)]]''
**''[[Sabki Laadli Bebo]]''
*''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]''
**''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''
*''[[Haasil (Indian TV series)]]''
**''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''
*''[[Tere Bin (2016 TV series)]]''
**''[[Kahaan Hum Kahaan Tum]]''
**''[[Bepannah]]''


==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)==
==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)==
one of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience
One of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience
*''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]''
*''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]''
*[[Ishk Par Zor Nahi]]
*[[Katha Ankahee]]
*''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]''
*''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]''
* ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]''
* ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]''
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*[[Kaathodu Kaathoram]]
*[[Kaathodu Kaathoram]]
*''[[Koodevide (TV series)|Koodevide]]''  
*''[[Koodevide (TV series)|Koodevide]]''  
*''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''
*''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]'' season3
*''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]''
*''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]''
*''[[Chellamma (TV series)|Chellamma]]''
*''[[Chellamma (TV series)|Chellamma]]''
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*''[[Shakti – Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''
*''[[Shakti – Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''
*''[[Ranju Ki Betiyaan]]''
*''[[Ranju Ki Betiyaan]]''
===Shows based on Women protagonist centric===
*''[[Kayal (TV series)]]''
*''[[Sreemoyee]]'' and its adaptations  
*''[[Hum Rahein Na Rahein Hum]]''
**''[[Anupamaa]]''/''[[Intinti Gruhalakshmi]]''/''[[Kudumbavilakku]]''
*''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]''
*''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''
*''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
*''[[Tu Chal Pudha]]''
 
*''[[Sevvanthi (TV series)|Sevvanthi]]''
==Top 10 Most Popular Indian Hindi TV Serials of 2020 by Highest BARC (TRP) Rating==
* ''[[Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii]]''
*''[[Anupamaa]]''
* ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]''
*''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
*''[[Bas Itna Sa Khwaab]]''
*''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
*''[[Maddam Sir]]''
*''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''
* ''Corporate Sarpanch''
*''[[Barrister Babu]]''
* ''[[Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan]]''
*''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
*''[[Dheere Dheere Se (TV series)|Dheere Dheere Se]]''
*''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin-5]]
* ''[[Main Hoon Aparajita]]''
*''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]''
*''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]''
*''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
*''[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]]'', ''[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]'' are one of the different kind of shows based on Women protagonist centric.
*''[[Imlie]]
*''[[Ekk Nayi Pehchaan]]'' a Women protagonist centric show which was dubbed in regional languages and was remade in Telugu Version as Maa Atta Bangaram.
 
===Shows based on Women protagonist centric or Female lead having Strong Role===
*From 90s days ''[[Tara (TV series)]]'' had strong female lead,Then in 2002-2010 few soaps had the content of strong female lead like'' [[Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Sa Aasmaan]]'',''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'',''[[Sujata (TV series)|Sujata]]'' but since teens tele-soaps and youth related soaps were high so  these shows ran for short period of time.
*''[[Laut Aao Trisha]]''(2014) tele soap was about mother's plight searching the lost daughter,which portrayed the mother's emotions dealing the stress of searching missed teenage daughter, who goes missing after a beach party with friends, and how her mother struggles to get her back.where the mother role were essayed by ''[[Bhagyashree Patwardhan]]'' as Amrita Prateek Swaika
*''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]''(2016) had emotional and strong female leads which showed three generations of two sisters whose lives revolve around musical career that lead to rivalry and sibling enmity.
*In mid 2015 even these women centric soaps ran for short time or sometimes tracks had to be changed based on Views.
But after 2020 viewers started to prefer women centric soaps and accepted age based roles too
 
====2020 shows based on female protagonist role based as lead====
*1.''[[Sreemoyee]]'' and its adaptations  
**a. ''[[Anupamaa]]''/''[[Intinti Gruhalakshmi]]''/''[[Kudumbavilakku]]''/''[[Baakiyalakshmi]]''
*2.''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''
*3.''[[Tu Chal Pudha]]''
**a.*''[[Bas Itna Sa Khwaab]]''
*4.''[[Sevvanthi (TV series)|Sevvanthi]]''
*5.''[[Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii]]''
*6.''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]''
*7.''[[Maddam Sir]]''
*8. ''Corporate Sarpanch''
*9.''[[Sundari (Tamil TV series)]]'' and its remake ''[[Sundari (Marathi TV series)]]''
**a.''[[Sundari (Malayalam TV series)]]''
*10. ''[[Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan]]''
*11.''[[Dheere Dheere Se (TV series)|Dheere Dheere Se]]''
*12. ''[[Main Hoon Aparajita]]''
*13.''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]''
*14.''[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]]'', ''[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]'' are one of the different kind of shows based on Women protagonist centric.
*15.''[[Ekk Nayi Pehchaan]]'' a Women protagonist centric show which was dubbed in regional languages and was remade in Telugu Version as Maa Atta Bangaram.
*16.''[[Vanshaj]]''


==Tele serial impact in Films==
==Tele serial impact in Films==
*2013 Tele series [[Ponnunjal (TV series)|Ponnunjal]] from the episode 102 dated 10/01/14 had a scene in popular 2014 film [[Velaiilla Pattadhari]] where S. Raghuvaran (Dhanush) watches Tv serial with Shalini's mother(Meera Krishnan)saying he doesnt prefers mother in law in that serial
*2013 Tele series [[Ponnunjal (TV series)|Ponnunjal]] from the episode 102 dated 10/01/14 had a scene in 2014 film [[Velaiilla Pattadhari]] where S. Raghuvaran (Dhanush) watches TV serial with Shalini's mother (Meera Krishnan) saying he does not prefer mother in law in that serial.
*In [[Humraaz]] film the antagonist Karan Malhotra (Akshaye Khanna) watches [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]] title song in order to irritate Raj Singhania (Bobby Deol) & tells in sarcastic way that his tape recorded about the Raj's planned murder will get exposed infact it will be great hit than [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]].
*In 2002 film [[Humraaz]] film the antagonist Karan Malhotra (Akshaye Khanna) watches [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]] title song in order to irritate Raj Singhania (Bobby Deol) & tells in sarcastic way that his tape recorded about the Raj's planned murder will get exposed in fact it will be great hit than [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]..
*2008 film [[C Kkompany]] features many tele actors as cameo appearances and  Balaji Telefilms [[Ekta Kapoor]] featured in special appearance and had humour conversation with Dattubhai ([[Mithun Chakraborty]]).
*2008 film [[Saroja (2008 film)]] Ajay ([[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]]) one of the leads played as  television actor with [[Deepa Venkat]] as cameo role from starting of the film made the audience curious and wondering why this film looks like serial which was actually a shot in the film.


==Films which acted as catalyst in tele series==
==Films which acted as catalyst in tele series==
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| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Biwi No.1]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Biwi No.1]]
| This film had new idea of emotions mixed with comedy ,charisma and the ability to rouse an audience
| This film had new idea of emotions mixed with comedy, charisma and the ability to rouse an audience
|[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/kyun-rishton-mein-katti-batti-fans-can-spot-these-similarities-in-biwi-no-1-find-out/|title=Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti Fans Can Spot These Similarities In Biwi No. 1 – Find Out!|publisher=ZEE5.com|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref>
|[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/kyun-rishton-mein-katti-batti-fans-can-spot-these-similarities-in-biwi-no-1-find-out/|title=Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti Fans Can Spot These Similarities In Biwi No. 1 – Find Out!|publisher=ZEE5.com|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|-
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| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jab We Met]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jab We Met]]
| One of the finest Romantic love stories with most interesting and enjoyable manner  
| One of the finest Romantic love stories with most interesting and enjoyable manner  
| Many serials were inspired by the bubbly role Geet, [[Love U Zindagi|Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde]] is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]] is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]'
| Many serials were inspired by the bubbly role Geet, [[Love U Zindagi|Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde]] is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]] is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]''
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
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| style="text-align: center;" | [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]
|  
|  
|[[Dil Se Dil Tak]]  loosely based on the 2001 Bollywood film [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]
|[[Dil Se Dil Tak]]  loosely based on the 2001 Bollywood film [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]],.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/spoilers/colors-dil-se-dil-tak-to-recreate-chori-chori-chupke-chupke-movies-scene/2017/06/21|title=Colors' Dil Se Dil Tak to recreate Chori Chori Chupke Chupke movies scene|date=21 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dil-se-dil-tak-promo-2-jasmin-bhasin-will-remind-you-of-preity-zinta-from-chori-chori-chupke-chupke/|title=Dil Se Dil Tak promo 2: Jasmin Bhasin will remind you of Preity Zinta from Chori Chori Chupke Chupke|date=31 December 2016}}</ref>
 
|}
|}


==Indian television series inspired from films==
===Indian television series inspired from films===
* [[Naamkarann]] was inspired by the 1998 [[Bollywood]] film [[Zakhm]], it was based on the life of filmmaker [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
* [[Naamkarann]] was inspired by the 1998 [[Bollywood]] film [[Zakhm]], it was based on the life of filmmaker [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
* [[Dil Se Dil Tak]] was loosely based on the 2001 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/spoilers/colors-dil-se-dil-tak-to-recreate-chori-chori-chupke-chupke-movies-scene/2017/06/21|title=Colors' Dil Se Dil Tak to recreate Chori Chori Chupke Chupke movies scene|date=21 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dil-se-dil-tak-promo-2-jasmin-bhasin-will-remind-you-of-preity-zinta-from-chori-chori-chupke-chupke/|title=Dil Se Dil Tak promo 2: Jasmin Bhasin will remind you of Preity Zinta from Chori Chori Chupke Chupke|date=31 December 2016}}</ref>
* Another adaptation was [[Seeta Aur Geeta (TV series)|''Seeta Aur Geeta'']], was based on the popular [[Bollywood]] film [[Seeta Aur Geeta|of the same name]] (1972), written by [[Salim–Javed]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pereira |first=Priyanka |date=8 June 2009 |title=Lookalike |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/lookalike/472855/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2008 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta to be back |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/seeta-aur-geeta-to-be-back/story-Ab3UgYPTo2RY833Ux9cQKI.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2009 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta hit home - DELI - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Seeta-Aur-Geeta-hit-home/article15938416.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Seeta Aur Geeta' a TV show |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-seeta-aur-geeta-a-tv-show-1216163 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The two in one girl |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-two-in-one-girl/cid/625133 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>
* Another adaptation was [[Seeta Aur Geeta (TV series)|''Seeta Aur Geeta'']], was based on the popular [[Bollywood]] film [[Seeta Aur Geeta|of the same name]] (1972), written by [[Salim–Javed]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pereira |first=Priyanka |date=8 June 2009 |title=Lookalike |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/lookalike/472855/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2008 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta to be back |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/seeta-aur-geeta-to-be-back/story-Ab3UgYPTo2RY833Ux9cQKI.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2009 |title=Seeta Aur Geeta hit home - DELI - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Seeta-Aur-Geeta-hit-home/article15938416.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Seeta Aur Geeta' a TV show |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-seeta-aur-geeta-a-tv-show-1216163 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The two in one girl |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-two-in-one-girl/cid/625133 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>
* [[Bhaskar Bharti]] is an Indian fantasy comedy-drama television series loosely inspired by from the Hindi film [[Mr Ya Miss]]
* [[Bhaskar Bharti]] is an Indian fantasy comedy-drama television series loosely inspired by from the Hindi film [[Mr Ya Miss]]
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* [[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]] was inspired from the film [[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Indian shows inspired from films |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/entertainment/television/naagin-dil-se-dil-tak-10-indian-television-shows-inspired-by-bollywood-films-1713263408768|website=dnaindia.com}}</ref>
* [[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]] was inspired from the film [[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Indian shows inspired from films |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/entertainment/television/naagin-dil-se-dil-tak-10-indian-television-shows-inspired-by-bollywood-films-1713263408768|website=dnaindia.com}}</ref>


==1990s Notable Telefilms & Televised series==
==Re-airing of Past webseries and Telefilms==
*Prem Daan (1992)by Actors [[Khushbu Sundar]] & [[Nitish Bharadwaj]]
*2000:Re-aired old 80's and 90's old popular telefilms of [[DD National]] and  well known telefilm like ''Bangle Box'' were re-aired again during regular weekend {Sunday} in 2000.
*[[Kadhal Pagadai]](1996) series acted by [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] & [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] directed by veteran Tamil film director [[K. Balachander]].
*2002:For first time ''Hindi Film'' was shown in episodic format In 2002, [[StarPlus]] aired a period drama miniseries titled Asoka, based on the 2001 film of the same name. The series had a limited run of five episodes
*Bangle Box by Actor [[Nandita Das]].
*2020:''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]'',''[[Baarish (web series)]]'',''[[Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat]]'' web series as substitute to shows which was affected from broadcast during [[COVID-19 pandemic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2020/03/coronavirusoutbreak-zee-tv-replaces-kumkum-bhagya-and-kundali-bhagya-with-three-altbalaji-shows|title=Three alt balaji shows |website=best mediainfo|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-03-26}}</ref>
*2024:Sony TV re aired SonyLIV OTT web series legal drama [[Raisinghani vs Raisinghani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sony-tv-uk-to-air-sonyliv-show-raisinghani-v-s-raisinghani/|title=Sony TV to air SonyLIV show 'Raisinghani vs Raisinghani'|website=bizasialive|date=10 August 2024 |language=en-EN|access-date=2024-08-10}}</ref>
 
===Suggestions===
* Past Soap-esque play/Theatre plays which brings different content and restricted to few audiences has to be introduced in OTT and TV For example, well known plays that hit the entertainment sections in newspapers
**''Jaise Kitabon Mein Mile''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/art-theatre/rewind-replay/articleshow/15951145.cms|title=Rewind & replay |website=Mumbai mirror|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-09-01}}</ref> Main lead:Darshan Dave,[[Payal Nair]]
**Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/hindi/dil-abhi-bhara-nahin-hindi-play-preview.asp#|title=Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin |website=Mumbai theatre guide|date=11 September 2023 |language=en-EN|access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref>''Main lead:[[Neha Mehta]].''


==Web impact==
==Web impact==
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**''Kodumakkari chitthi'' by Tamil Village Stories web channel
**''Kodumakkari chitthi'' by Tamil Village Stories web channel
**''Karma serial'' season1 and season 2 by Bombay Chanakya's FastFlix later reaired in Sankara TV
**''Karma serial'' season1 and season 2 by Bombay Chanakya's FastFlix later reaired in Sankara TV
**''Serial VS Reality'' Webisode by Araathi web channel enacted by Big boss fame Actor-Youtuber [[Poornima Ravi]].
**''Serial VS Reality'' Webisode by Araathi web channel enacted by Big boss fame Actor-YouTuber [[Poornima Ravi]].
**[[Ramany vs Ramany]] tele serial from 90s had huge view in digital platform in Mid 2015.season 3 were streamed at Network [[Aha (streaming service)|aha]] 2022
**[[Ramany vs Ramany]] tele serial from 90s had huge view in digital platform in Mid 2015.season 3 were streamed at Network [[Aha (streaming service)|aha]] 2022


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Few set of viewers prefer short period of time so they view [[dramatization]] type of short films or short films which has a Social or Sentimental emotional theme or mixed content or potentially mature content.
Few set of viewers prefer short period of time so they view [[dramatization]] type of short films or short films which has a Social or Sentimental emotional theme or mixed content or potentially mature content.
*''Varthai Thavari Vittai'' by LightNSound Studios Tamil performed by Divya Ganesh:A break up story of Guy who puts his vent out & advises his betrayed ex-girl friend to stay loyal to his husband.
*''Varthai Thavari Vittai'' by LightNSound Studios Tamil performed by Divya Ganesh:A break up story of Guy who puts his vent out & advises his betrayed ex-girl friend to stay loyal to his husband.
*''Kaadhal Pagadai''(காதல் பகடை)by Senthamizh Cinemas:The story of a own friend who plays double games and her insincere friendship of stealing the fiancé-lover of friend which results in heartbreak of her close friend but after her bad action her guilty conscience pricks her.
*''Kaadhal Pagadai''(காதல் பகடை)by Senthamizh Cinemas:The story of an own friend who plays double games and her insincere friendship of stealing the fiancé-lover of friend which results in heartbreak of her close friend but after her bad action her guilty conscience pricks her.
* ''Vasanthi'' short film by VTM Movie Makers performed by Suganthi:A story that a husband undergoes mental trauma when someone says malicious things about his wife and in which he clarifies himself that he should not be diverted by gossip or doubt.
* ''Vasanthi'' short film by VTM Movie Makers performed by Suganthi:A story that a husband undergoes mental trauma when someone says malicious things about his wife and in which he clarifies himself that he should not be diverted by gossip or doubt.
*''Angelina'' short film by Galatta Originals performed by Dushara and [[Srithika]].:An orphan turns into Model and struggles of her modelling journey where she finds inspiration from her role model.  
*''Angelina'' short film by Galatta Originals performed by Dushara and [[Srithika]].:An orphan turns into Model and struggles of her modelling journey where she finds inspiration from her role model.  
*''Thuppukettavan'' short film by Thiru Tv (Thiru pictures(p)Ltd) [[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]] show fame Actors Thirumurugan and [[Srithika]]:Difficulties of middle class family and the story deals a person from poor family who gets rebuked sharply by his wife for unable to deal the things smartly
*''Thuppukettavan'' short film by Thiru TV (Thiru pictures(p)Ltd) [[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]] show fame Actors Thirumurugan and [[Srithika]]:Difficulties of middle-class family and the story deals a person from poor family who gets rebuked sharply by his wife for unable to deal the things smartly


==Social impact==
===Social impact===
{{see also|Socio-economic issues in India}}
{{see also|Socio-economic issues in India}}
TV dramas have had a Significant impact on Indian society, influencing issues related to national integration, [[Identity (social science)|identity]], [[Globalisation in India|globalization]],<ref>Gokulsing, K. (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC Soft-Soaping India: The World of Indian Televised Soap Operas]''. Trentham Books, UK. {{ISBN|1-85856-321-6}}. p. 105.</ref> [[Women in India|women]], ethics, and social issues in rural areas.[18] The first Indian television drama series, [[Hum Log (television series)|''Hum Log'']], originally began as a [[Family planning in India|family planning]] program but quickly shifted its focus to entertainment. Despite this, it continued to incorporate pro-development messages, serving as a model for utilizing television serials as an "[[Educational entertainment|edutainment]]" method—a practice that has been adopted by countries around the world.<ref name="AggarwalGupta2001">{{cite book |last1=Aggarwal |first1=Vir Bala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCIf8MM1ZlAC&pg=PA208 |title=Handbook of Journalism and Mass Communication |last2=Gupta |first2=V. S. |date=1 January 2001 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=9788170228806 |pages=208– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref>
TV dramas have had a Significant impact on Indian society, influencing issues related to national integration, [[Identity (social science)|identity]], [[Globalisation in India|globalization]],<ref>Gokulsing, K. (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC Soft-Soaping India: The World of Indian Televised Soap Operas]''. Trentham Books, UK. {{ISBN|1-85856-321-6}}. p. 105.</ref> [[Women in India|women]], ethics, and social issues in rural areas.[18] The first Indian television drama series, [[Hum Log (television series)|''Hum Log'']], originally began as a [[Family planning in India|family planning]] program but quickly shifted its focus to entertainment. Despite this, it continued to incorporate pro-development messages, serving as a model for utilizing television serials as an "[[Educational entertainment|edutainment]]" method—a practice that has been adopted by countries around the world.<ref name="AggarwalGupta2001">{{cite book |last1=Aggarwal |first1=Vir Bala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCIf8MM1ZlAC&pg=PA208 |title=Handbook of Journalism and Mass Communication |last2=Gupta |first2=V. S. |date=1 January 2001 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=9788170228806 |pages=208– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref>
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TRPs are calculated using the denominator as the Total Number of People in the Target Audience, and the numerator as the Number of People Who Watched the Program in the Target Audience multiplied by 100.TRP's can also be calculated
TRPs are calculated using the denominator as the Total Number of People in the Target Audience, and the numerator as the Number of People Who Watched the Program in the Target Audience multiplied by 100.TRP's can also be calculated
* TRP = (Number of viewers in the sample audience / Total target audience) * 100.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
* TRP = (Number of viewers in the sample audience / Total target audience) * 100.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
==Psychological Studies on Indian serials==
* More Theories and journals are published based on Indian serials and its impact in people
**[[Pearson correlation coefficient]] & [[Simple linear regression]] find viewer ratings and social interactions of the television audience


==International reception==
==International reception==
Trueth
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