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{{Short description|South and East Asian drink}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{italics title}} | {{italics title}} | ||
{{chinese | |||
'''Triphala''' ("three fruits") is | |pic= | ||
|picsize= | |||
|piccap= | |||
|t={{linktext|三|勒|漿}} | |||
|s=三勒浆 | |||
|p=Sānlèjiāng | |||
|w=San-lê-chiang | |||
|l=Three Myrobalan Juice | |||
}} | |||
'''{{translit|hi|Triphala}}''' ({{langx|hi|त्रिफला}}; {{langx|sa|त्रिफला}}, {{translit|sa|triphalā}}, "three fruits") is a [[fruit drink]]{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=1}} or [[infusion]] produced from [[Terminalia chebula|chebulic myrobalan]] ({{langx|sa|{{linktext|हरीतकी}}}}, {{translit|sa|harītakī}}; {{langx|hi|हरीतकी}}, {{translit|hi|haritaki}}), [[Terminalia bellirica|beleric myrobalan]] ({{langx|sa|विभीतकी}}, {{translit|sa|vibhītakī}}; {{langx|hi|बिभीतकी}}, {{translit|hi|bibhitaki}}), and [[Phyllanthus emblica|emblic myrobalan]] ({{langx|sa|आमलकी}}, {{translit|sa|āmalakī}}; {{langx|hi|आँवला}}, {{translit|hi|ā̃vlā}}). Containing [[vitamin C]], it is considered an [[Ayurvedic]] [[rasayana]] formula when the dried and powdered fruit are prepared in a 1:1:1{{sfnp|O'Mathuna|2011}} or 1:2:3 ratio.{{sfnp|Parveen & al.|2018}} It is one of the most common Ayurvedic treatments in the world.{{sfnp|O'Mathuna|2011}} Less prominently, as '''{{translit|zh|sanlejiang}}''', the drink has a 1200-year history as a kind of [[fruit wine]] in [[China]]{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=3}} with the non-alcoholic form now being marketed there as a [[traditional Chinese medicine|traditional herbal remedy]].{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=2}} | |||
{{Multiple image | |||
|total_width = 600 | |||
| align = center | |||
| height = 400 | |||
| caption_align = center | |||
| image1 = A view of Honey Terminalia chebula (Kadukkaai).jpg | |||
| alt1 = chebulic myrobalan | |||
| caption1 = chebulic myrobalan | |||
| image2 = Bahera (Terminalia bellirica) fruits.jpg | |||
| alt2 = beleric myrobalan | |||
| caption2 = beleric myrobalan | |||
| image3 = Fruits de Phyllanthus emblica à Pushkar (Rajasthan) (2).jpg | |||
| alt3 = emblic myrobalan | |||
| caption3 = amla, emblic myrobalan | |||
}} | |||
==History== | |||
The earliest record of {{translit|hi|triphala}} in [[China]] is [[Li Zhao (Tang dynasty)|Li Zhao]]'s {{c.|820}} ''Supplement to the [[New Book of Tang|Book of Tang]]'' ({{translit|zh|Tangguoshi Bu}}), which lists it in a section on domestic and foreign alcohol available in the [[Tang Empire|Tang]] capital [[Chang'an]].{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=3}} It states the Chinese formulation was based on a recipe from [[Iranian Intermezzo|Persia]].{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=3}} One such recipe is included in [[Han E (scholar)|Han E]]'s mid- or late-Tang ''Summary of the Four Seasons'' {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|《四時纂要》}},}} {{translit|zh|Sì Shí Zuǎnyào}}), first published in 996: pulverize 3 [[liang (unit)|liang]] (about {{convert|120|g|oz|sp=us|disp=or|0}})<!--Tang value--> of the pits of each of the 3 fruits to a [[sesame seed]] consistency; thoroughly mix 1 [[dou (unit)|dou]] (about {{convert|2|liter|USgal|sp=us|disp=or|1}}) of clear honey with 2 dou of fresh clear water before adding the pulverized seeds; seal tightly with clean paper; open, stir, remove internal condensation, and reseal to allow [[fermentation]] to proceed; and reopen and consume after thirty days.{{sfnp|Chen|2021|pp=4-5}} Han praised the sweet resulting wine as a [[digestif]], [[deflatulent]], and mild [[laxative]].{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=5}} The [[Ming-era]] encyclopedist [[Gao Lian (dramatist)|Gao Lian]] copied much of this in his ''Eight Treatises on Nurturing Life'' {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|《遵生八笺》}},}} {{translit|zh|Zūnshēng Bā Jiān}}) but emended the recipe to use 3 liang total in the mixture.{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=5}} Commenters varied as to whether preparation in the 8th or 9th [[Chinese month|lunar month]] (normally September or October) produced the best results.{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=6}} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Ayurveda]] | * [[Ayurveda]] & [[Rasayana]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Traditional Chinese medicine]] & [[Chinese alcohol]] | ||
* [[Herbal medicine]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | ===Citations=== | ||
{{Reflist|30em}} | |||
===Bibliography=== | |||
{{refbegin}} | |||
* {{citation |last=Chen |first=Ming |author-mask=Ming Chen |contribution-url=https://glorisunglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/hualin4.2_chen.pdf |contribution='Method from Persia': Study of the Origins of the 'Three Myrobalan Decoction' |editor=Jack Hargreaves |display-editors=0 |title=Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies |volume=4, no. 2 |date=2021 |pp=1-78 |publisher= |location= }}. | |||
* {{citation |last=O'Mathuna |first=Donal |contribution=Does It Work? Can Triphala Act as an Antimicrobial? |contribution-url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/does-it-work-can-triphala-act-as-an-antimicrobial-1.570237 |date=12 April 2011 |title=Irish Times |publisher= |location= }} | |||
* {{citation |last1 = Parveen |first1 = Romana |last2 = Shamsi |first2 = Tooba Naz |last3 = Singh |first3 = Gurjeet |last4 = Athar |first4 = Teeba |last5 = Fatima |first5 = Sadaf |display-authors=1 |ref={{harvid|Parveen & al.|2018}} |date = March 2018 |contribution = Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Biochemical Characterization of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Triphala, a Conventional Herbal Remedy |title= Biotechnology Reports |publisher = [[Elsevier]] |location= |volume = 17 |pages = 126–136 |doi = 10.1016/j.btre.2018.02.003 |doi-access = free |pmc = 5881245 |pmid = 29619331}}. | |||
{{refend}} | |||
{{alt-med-stub}} | |||
[[Category:Ayurvedic medicaments]] | [[Category:Ayurvedic medicaments]] | ||
{{Hinduism-stub}} | |||
Latest revision as of 03:31, 14 January 2026
| Triphala |
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Template:Translit (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Template:Translit, "three fruits") is a fruit drink[1] or infusion produced from chebulic myrobalan (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Template:Translit; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Template:Translit), beleric myrobalan (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Template:Translit; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Template:Translit), and emblic myrobalan (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Template:Translit; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Template:Translit). Containing vitamin C, it is considered an Ayurvedic rasayana formula when the dried and powdered fruit are prepared in a 1:1:1[2] or 1:2:3 ratio.[3] It is one of the most common Ayurvedic treatments in the world.[2] Less prominently, as Template:Translit, the drink has a 1200-year history as a kind of fruit wine in China[4] with the non-alcoholic form now being marketed there as a traditional herbal remedy.[5]
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_fruits.jpg)
_(2).jpg)
History[edit | edit source]
The earliest record of Template:Translit in China is Li Zhao's c. 820 Supplement to the Book of Tang (Template:Translit), which lists it in a section on domestic and foreign alcohol available in the Tang capital Chang'an.[4] It states the Chinese formulation was based on a recipe from Persia.[4] One such recipe is included in Han E's mid- or late-Tang Summary of the Four Seasons (《四時纂要》, Template:Translit), first published in 996: pulverize 3 liang (about 120 grams or 4 ounces) of the pits of each of the 3 fruits to a sesame seed consistency; thoroughly mix 1 dou (about 2 liters or 0.5 U.S. gallons) of clear honey with 2 dou of fresh clear water before adding the pulverized seeds; seal tightly with clean paper; open, stir, remove internal condensation, and reseal to allow fermentation to proceed; and reopen and consume after thirty days.[6] Han praised the sweet resulting wine as a digestif, deflatulent, and mild laxative.[7] The Ming-era encyclopedist Gao Lian copied much of this in his Eight Treatises on Nurturing Life (《遵生八笺》, Template:Translit) but emended the recipe to use 3 liang total in the mixture.[7] Commenters varied as to whether preparation in the 8th or 9th lunar month (normally September or October) produced the best results.[8]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Chen (2021), p. 1.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 O'Mathuna (2011).
- ↑ Parveen & al. (2018).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chen (2021), p. 3.
- ↑ Chen (2021), p. 2.
- ↑ Chen (2021), pp. 4-5.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Chen (2021), p. 5.
- ↑ Chen (2021), p. 6.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Ming Chen (2021), "'Method from Persia': Study of the Origins of the 'Three Myrobalan Decoction'" (PDF), Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–78.
- O'Mathuna, Donal (12 April 2011), "Does It Work? Can Triphala Act as an Antimicrobial?", Irish Times
- Parveen, Romana; et al. (March 2018), "Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Biochemical Characterization of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Triphala, a Conventional Herbal Remedy", Biotechnology Reports, vol. 17, Elsevier, pp. 126–136, doi:10.1016/j.btre.2018.02.003, PMC 5881245, PMID 29619331.
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