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==Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)==
==Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)==
''Hum Log'' was India's first television [[drama]], airing from 1984 to 1985 with a total of 154 episodes.<ref name="Kohli2006">{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Vanita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hllyb6ymMy0C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA1 |title=The Indian Media Business |date=14 June 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761934691 |pages=1– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> At the time, it was the longest-running serial in Indian television history. The show attracted around 60 million viewers, with each episode lasting about 25 minutes, except for the final episode, which was about 55 minutes long.<ref name="Gokulsing2004">{{cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC&pg=PA32 |title=Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas |publisher=Trentham Books |year=2004 |isbn=9781858563213 |pages=32– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Veteran [[Hindi film]] actor [[Ashok Kumar]] appeared at the end of each episode, where he discussed the story and situations using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors playing the characters and ended his monologues with variations of the phrase "Hum Log."
[[Hum Log (TV series)|''Hum Log'']] was India's first television [[drama]], airing from 1984 to 1985 with a total of 154 episodes.<ref name="Kohli2006">{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Vanita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hllyb6ymMy0C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA1 |title=The Indian Media Business |date=14 June 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=9780761934691 |pages=1– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> At the time, it was the longest-running serial in Indian television history. The show attracted around 60 million viewers, with each episode lasting about 25 minutes, except for the final episode, which was about 55 minutes long.<ref name="Gokulsing2004">{{cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CAgVZ-lJFIC&pg=PA32 |title=Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas |publisher=Trentham Books |year=2004 |isbn=9781858563213 |pages=32– |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Veteran [[Hindi film]] actor [[Ashok Kumar]] appeared at the end of each episode, where he discussed the story and situations using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors playing the characters and ended his monologues with variations of the phrase "Hum Log."


===Phases/Changes of Tele serials from 1985 to 2017===
=== Evolution of Television Serials (1985–2017) ===
*1985-1990's:Social issue,Civic issues,Novel type serials,Televised-Telefilms
Television serials have undergone significant transformations over the years, reflecting changing audience preferences, societal shifts, and advancements in production quality. The evolution can be broadly categorized into the following phases:
*1990-1997:Emotional themes ,serials related to individualistic person
*1985–1990: Socially Driven Narratives & Literary Adaptations – Focus on social issues, civic concerns, and moral dilemmas, often adapted from literature. Televised telefilms and anthologies were popular.
*1998-2002:Popularity of Family Dramas with limited episodes
*1990–1997: Emotionally Driven, Character-Centric Stories – Shift towards personal struggles, relationships, and self-discovery, with deeper emotional themes.
*After 2002&2003-2008:Family dramas presented based on the minsets of younger generation
*1998–2002: Rise of Family Dramas – Family-centric storytelling gained popularity, focusing on interpersonal relationships and generational conflicts in a limited episode format.
*2007-2020:peak rise in stylish family dramas with more seasons and leaps
*2003–2008: Modern Family Dramas & Youth-Centric Themes – Stories evolved to reflect career aspirations, changing values, and contemporary lifestyles, appealing to younger audiences.
*2007–2017: Stylized, Multi-Season Family Dramas – Peak of high-budget, long-running serials with generation leaps, elaborate sets, and dramatic narratives, spanning multiple seasons.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
! Years
! Years
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! Notes
! Notes
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1985-1990's
| style="text-align: center;" | 1985–1990
| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
* Novel based and Novel type stories such as
* Novel based and Novel type stories such as
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* Classic dramas
* Classic dramas
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1990's and Mid 1990s(1995,1996,1997)
| style="text-align: center;" | 1991–1997
| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
* Romantic Dramatic, Emotional series, Friendships, Relationships
* Romantic Dramatic, Emotional series, Friendships, Relationships
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* Family loss
* Family loss
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1998-2002
| style="text-align: center;" | 1998–2002
| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
* Rise and Popularity of Family Dramas
* Rise and Popularity of Family Dramas
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* [[Suraag – The Clue]] is an Indian television first detective-crime drama series
* [[Suraag – The Clue]] is an Indian television first detective-crime drama series
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | After 2002&2003-2008
| style="text-align: center;" | 2003–2006
| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
* Family Tv Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
* Family Tv Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
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* ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat – Thoda Jaadu, Thodi Nazaakat]]'' best sitcoms.
* ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat – Thoda Jaadu, Thodi Nazaakat]]'' best sitcoms.
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2007-A2016
| style="text-align: center;" | 2007–2016
| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
* In mid 2006 few family dramas came with two heroine leads with  (Khatte Meethe version) Contrasting personalities,This trend had popularity after ''[[Uttaran]]'' followed by'' [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'', ''[[Amrit Manthan]]'' & ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''.
* In mid 2006 few family dramas came with two heroine leads with  (Khatte Meethe version) Contrasting personalities,This trend had popularity after ''[[Uttaran]]'' followed by'' [[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'', ''[[Amrit Manthan]]'' & ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''.
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* 2016:[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]] which is Musical drama television series played by [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]] / [[Amrita Rao]] / [[Deepti Naval]] as Kalyani;[[Mehnaaz Maan]] / [[Aditi Vasudev]] / [[Zarina Wahab]] as Ketaki played the lead roles comprising three generations of two Singing Sisters  
* 2016:[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]] which is Musical drama television series played by [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]] / [[Amrita Rao]] / [[Deepti Naval]] as Kalyani;[[Mehnaaz Maan]] / [[Aditi Vasudev]] / [[Zarina Wahab]] as Ketaki played the lead roles comprising three generations of two Singing Sisters  
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2017-2020
| style="text-align: center;" | 2017–2020
| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
* Few tele series made with T.v main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type of roles.which created strong impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anaami from Chakravyuh to Ragini from Agnifera: We need more such feisty girls to transform Indian TV
* Few tele series made with T.v main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type of roles.which created strong impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anaami from Chakravyuh to Ragini from Agnifera: We need more such feisty girls to transform Indian TV
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===Rapid Expansion and Emerging Trends in the Early 2000s===
===Rapid Expansion and Emerging Trends in the Early 2000s===
In 2002, [[StarPlus]] aired a period drama miniseries titled ''Asoka'', based on the [[Asoka (2001 film)|2001 film of the same name]]. The series had a limited run of five episodes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Keep date with Asoka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226223107/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |archive-date=2018-02-26 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=indya.com - Asoka |url=http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414053116/http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |archive-date=2003-04-14 |access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref>
In 2002, [[StarPlus]] aired a [[Historical drama|period drama]] miniseries titled ''Asoka'', based on the [[Asoka (2001 film)|2001 film of the same name]]. The series had a limited run of five episodes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Keep date with Asoka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226223107/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/23/stories/2002052304230200.htm |archive-date=2018-02-26 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=indya.com - Asoka |url=http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414053116/http://www.indya.com/asoka/ |archive-date=2003-04-14 |access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref>


By the late 2010s, the popularity of daytime and afternoon dramas had declined, and currently, no mainstream channels broadcast such programs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Dopahar to call it a day, all shows to end on September 30 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/star-dopahar-to-call-it-a-day-all-shows-to-end-on-september-30-tv-news-4834240/ |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> Today, the major networks with nationwide prime-time television dramas are [[Colors TV]], Star Plus, [[Sony Entertainment Television]], Sun TV, and [[Zee TV]]. In 2017, networks attempted to regain viewership by reintroducing shows in the afternoon and daytime slots. Star Plus briefly revived the afternoon slot, but it ended by September 30, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Dopahar to bring again with four new shows |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/star-plus-to-reboot-afternoon-slot-with-4-new-shows/articleshow/57378471.cms?from=mdr|access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
By the late 2010s, the popularity of daytime and afternoon dramas had declined, and currently, no mainstream channels broadcast such programs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Dopahar to call it a day, all shows to end on September 30 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/star-dopahar-to-call-it-a-day-all-shows-to-end-on-september-30-tv-news-4834240/ |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> Today, the major networks with nationwide prime-time television dramas are [[Colors TV]], Star Plus, [[Sony Entertainment Television]], Sun TV, and [[Zee TV]]. In 2017, networks attempted to regain viewership by reintroducing shows in the afternoon and daytime slots. Star Plus briefly revived the afternoon slot, but it ended by September 30, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Dopahar to bring again with four new shows |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/star-plus-to-reboot-afternoon-slot-with-4-new-shows/articleshow/57378471.cms?from=mdr|access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref>


===Kinds of Dramas===
====Biographical Dramas====
====Biographical Dramas====
Biographical dramas based on historical figures gained popularity on Indian television. Notable examples include ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'', ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'', ''[[Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]], [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|Rudramadevi]]''. These shows depicted significant moments and figures from Indian history.
Biographical dramas based on historical figures gained popularity on Indian television. Notable examples include ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'', ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'', ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'', ''[[Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur]]'', ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]], [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|Rudramadevi]]''. These shows depicted significant moments and figures from Indian history.
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====Science Fiction Series====
====Science Fiction Series====
[[Captain Vyom]], an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s.
[[Captain Vyom|''Captain Vyom'']], an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s.


====Superhero Shows====
====Superhero Shows====
Superhero shows like [[Shaktimaan]] and [[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha]] gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Superhero shows like ''[[Shaktimaan]]'' and [[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha|''Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha'']] gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s.


====Fantasy Series====
====Fantasy Series====
Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'', ''[[Arslaan]]'', ''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'', ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'', ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha were popular in the early 2000s. [[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]] aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 2018 to 2021.
Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'', ''[[Arslaan]]'', ''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'', ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'', ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and ''Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha'' were popular in the early 2000s. [[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga|''Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga'']] aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 2018 to 2021.


====Comedy Shows====
====Comedy Shows====
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====Comedy Sitcoms====
====Comedy Sitcoms====
Well-known sitcoms include ''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum paanch]]'', ''Hum Saath Aaat Hain'', ''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]'', ''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV series)|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]'', ''[[Malini Iyer]]'', ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'', ''[[Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu]]'', ''Kadvee Khattee Meethi'', ''[[Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi]]'', ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|FIR]]'', ''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]'', ''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]'', ''[[Chidiya Ghar]]'', ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]'', ''[[Sumit Sambhal Lega]]'', ''[[TV Biwi Aur Main]]'', ''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo]]'', ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]'', and ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''. Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' are still considered among the best in India.
Well-known sitcoms include ''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]'', ''Hum Saath Aaat Hain'', ''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]'', ''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV series)|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]'', ''[[Malini Iyer]]'', ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'', ''[[Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu]]'', ''Kadvee Khattee Meethi'', ''[[Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi]]'', ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|FIR]]'', ''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]'', ''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]'', ''[[Chidiya Ghar]]'', ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]'', ''[[Sumit Sambhal Lega]]'', ''[[TV Biwi Aur Main]]'', ''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo]]'', ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]'', and ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''. Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' are still considered among the best in India.


====Historical Comedy Drama====
====Historical Comedy Drama====
[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]], based on the life of the Telugu poet [[Tenali Ramakrishna]], aired on Sony SAB starting on 11 July 2017.
[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|''Tenali Rama'']], based on the life of the Telugu poet [[Tenali Ramakrishna]], aired on Sony SAB starting on 11 July 2017.


====Revenge Series====
====Revenge Series====
Revenge-thriller shows such as Kasamm, ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]'', ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3]]'', ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'', ''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]'', ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]'', and ''[[Beyhadh]]'' gained significant attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 revenge dramas on Indian TV with dramatic twists; from Mouni Roy's Naagin to Nakuul Mehta's Ishqbaaz|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/top-5-revenge-dramas-on-indian-tv-with-dramatic-twists-from-mouni-roys-naagin-to-nakuul-mehtas-ishqbaaz-1338429|website=pinkvilla.com|date=12 August 2024 }}</ref> [[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|Nagin - Vaadon Ki Agnipariksha]], starring Sayantani Ghosh, was an earlier example of the genre and aired in 2007.
Revenge-thriller shows gained significant attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 revenge dramas on Indian TV with dramatic twists; from Mouni Roy's Naagin to Nakuul Mehta's Ishqbaaz|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/top-5-revenge-dramas-on-indian-tv-with-dramatic-twists-from-mouni-roys-naagin-to-nakuul-mehtas-ishqbaaz-1338429|website=pinkvilla.com|date=12 August 2024 }}</ref> such as
*''Kasamm''(1999-2000)(First revenge series in Indian drama)
* ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''(2014)
*''[[Beyhadh]]''(2016-17)
 
====Naagina series/Vishkanya series ====
*Naagina
**[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'', [[Nandini (TV series)]]
**[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|''Naaginn'']]
*Vishkanya series
**Vishkanya Ek Anokhi Prem Kahani,''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]'',
====Series of romance fantasy ====
*''Hawayein''(2004 series):Romantic series of Resham, Ghost & Shahid, a human.


====Fashion-Related Series====
====Fashion-Related Series====
''[[Main Banoongi Miss India]]'', ''[[Lipstick (TV series)|Lipstick]]'' were notable series focused on fashion.
''[[Main Banoongi Miss India]]'' and ''[[Lipstick (TV series)|Lipstick]]'' were notable series focused on fashion.


====Flight Attendant and Aviation-Related Series====
====Flight Attendant and Aviation-Related Series====
Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan]], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include [[Saara Akaash]] and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'', centered on the air force.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>
Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|''Airlines'']], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include [[Saara Akaash|''Saara Akaash'']] and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'', centered on the air force.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>


====Legal Drama Series====
====Legal Drama Series====
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====Social Dramas====
====Social Dramas====
Shows that addressed societal issues, such as ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' (child marriage), ''[[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]]'' (gender discrimination), ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]'' (societal prejudice), ''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai|Bidaai]]'' and ''[[Karuthamuthu]]'' (skin color bias), ''[[Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann]]'' (women's empowerment), ''Dahhej'' and ''Sthreedhanam'' (dowry), ''Godh Bharaai'' (Childless Discrimination) were widely viewed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2,000 episodes on, 'Balika Vadhu' still questions societal norms|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/2-000-episodes-on-balika-vadhu-still-questions-societal-norms-115092401085_1.html|website=business-standard.com}}</ref>
Shows that addressed societal issues, such as ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' (child marriage), ''[[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]]'' (gender discrimination), ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]'' (societal prejudice), ''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai|Bidaai]]'' and ''[[Karuthamuthu]]'' (skin color bias), ''[[Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann]]'' (women empowerment), ''Dahhej'' and ''Sthreedhanam'' (dowry), ''Godh Bharaai'' (childless discrimination) were widely viewed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2,000 episodes on, 'Balika Vadhu' still questions societal norms|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/2-000-episodes-on-balika-vadhu-still-questions-societal-norms-115092401085_1.html|website=business-standard.com}}</ref>


====Mythological Series (2011–2020)====
====Mythological Series (2011–2020)====
''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' achieved record-breaking [[Target rating point|TRPs]] and became one of the most successful mythological dramas in India. Other popular mythological series include ''[[Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]'', ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013-2014), and ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakaali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-to-go-off-air-soon-pooja-sharma-saurabh-raaj-share-pictures-from-the-last-day-of-the-sets/articleshow/65130912.cms|title=Mahakaali to air off soon|website=The Times of India|date=25 July 2018 }}</ref>
''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' achieved record-breaking [[Target rating point|TRPs]] and became one of the most successful mythological dramas in India. Other popular mythological series include ''[[Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]'' (2017–18), ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013–14), and ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakaali-anth-hi-aarambh-hai-to-go-off-air-soon-pooja-sharma-saurabh-raaj-share-pictures-from-the-last-day-of-the-sets/articleshow/65130912.cms|title=Mahakaali to air off soon|website=The Times of India|date=25 July 2018 }}</ref>


====Parental Conflict Series====
====Parental Conflict Series====
Shows like ''[[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]'' and ''[[Maya (2012 TV series)|Maya]]'' explored the complexities of parental relationships but had shorter runs.
Shows like ''[[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]'' and ''[[Maya (2012 TV series)|Maya]]'' explored the complexities of parental relationships but had shorter runs.
====Royal family or Ancestral family series====
*'''Love story:(Drama)'''
**''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat (TV series)|Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat ]]''
* '''Family drama story''':Family Feuds, Greed, Ego and Value Destruction,Usurp,fraud,Murder to get Royal position status :
**''Thirumagal''(Drama)
*'''Thriller type of series:(Suspense series)'''
**Family politics,Revenge,pride,social status and Royal rules/protocols:
**''[[Hum Rahein Na Rahein Hum]]''
====Ancestor Property dispute series====
*''[[Deivamagal]]''
====Political family drama ====
*''[[Sarrkkar – Risshton Ki Ankahi Kahani]]'';Penned by [[Shobhaa De]], the serial was produced by [[Siddhant Cinevision]]
*[[Zee TV]] in 2005–2006..
====Sibling rivalry or Betrayal in family businesses/Sibling Rivalry in Business property series====
*''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]''
*''[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]''
*''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)]]''
====Betrayal series====
*''[[Virrudh]]''


==Evolution of TV serials from 2001 to 2020==
==Evolution of TV serials from 2001 to 2020==
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===Other diverse dramas===
===Other diverse dramas===
====Noon slots(2000's-2012)====
====Noon slots (2000–12)====
*Noon slot family dramas gained particular prominence in the mid-2000s, enjoyed as much success as Prime-time shows.  
*Noon slot family dramas gained particular prominence in the mid-2000s, enjoyed as much success as Prime-time shows.  
**''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]''
**''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]''
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*In 2011 [[Tere Mere Sapne (TV series)|Tere mere sapne]] the last show of after noon slot in STAR Plus which is famous & Known for Noon shows in mid 1990's and [[2000s]].
*In 2011 [[Tere Mere Sapne (TV series)|Tere mere sapne]] the last show of after noon slot in STAR Plus which is famous & Known for Noon shows in mid 1990's and [[2000s]].


===Retelecast in 2006-2009===
===Retelecast (2006–09)===
It was also common for prime-time shows to be retelecast during the afternoon slot, further boosting their popularity.In 2007 Hindi general entertainment channels re aired old serials during Non prime time hours. [[StarPlus]] made reteleacast of past hit shows like kyun hota hai pyaar, ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'', ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'', ''Kehtha hai dil'' and other previous completed shows aired in morning(Non-Prime Time hours) from 7.00AM to 11.00 AM.[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony]] aired its old popular completed TV soaps [[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]], [[Kkusum]], [[Ye Meri Life Hai]] in Morning hours and Non-Prime Time hours.[[Doordarshan|DD]] channel aired [[Meher (TV series)|Meher]] serial at Non-Prime Time 4pm in 2009 during Sundays
It was also common for prime-time shows to be retelecast during the afternoon slot, further boosting their popularity.In 2007 Hindi general entertainment channels re aired old serials during Non prime time hours. [[StarPlus]] made reteleacast of past hit shows like kyun hota hai pyaar, ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]'', ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'', ''Kehtha hai dil'' and other previous completed shows aired in morning(Non-Prime Time hours) from 7.00AM to 11.00 AM.[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony]] aired its old popular completed TV soaps [[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]], [[Kkusum]], [[Ye Meri Life Hai]] in Morning hours and Non-Prime Time hours.[[Doordarshan|DD]] channel aired [[Meher (TV series)|Meher]] serial at Non-Prime Time 4pm in 2009 during Sundays


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*''[[Pavitra Bandhan]]''
*''[[Pavitra Bandhan]]''
*''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]''
*''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]''
*''Yuva(Telugu series)''


===Portrayal of strong female protagonists (2002-2010)===
===Portrayal of strong female protagonists (2002-2010)===
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*''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]''
*''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]''


===serials based on daughter as main theme===
===Serials based on daughter as main theme===
''[[Virrudh]]'', ''[[Rishton Ke Bhanwar Mein Uljhi Niyati]]'', ''[[Maharani (2009 TV series)|Maharani]]'', ''Thirumagal'' are based on how daughters role is important being a pillar support as well as with emotional bond and play a significant pivotal role to their families as well as society and how their significant decisions are best in worst situations.
''[[Virrudh]]'', ''[[Rishton Ke Bhanwar Mein Uljhi Niyati]]'', ''[[Maharani (2009 TV series)|Maharani]]'', ''Thirumagal'' are based on how daughters role is important being a pillar support as well as with emotional bond and play a significant pivotal role to their families as well as society and how their significant decisions are best in worst situations.


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====Parenting related shows====
====Parenting related shows====
Though these serials had stipulated run but it had strong emotional theme related to parent hood.Few tele-series were created with a focus on parenthood and the complexities of parent-child relationships, such as
Though these serials had stipulated run but it had strong emotional theme related to parent hood.Few tele-series were created with a focus on parenthood and the complexities of parent-child relationships, such as
* ''[[Basera (2009 TV series)|Basera]]'' (How old couples are treated with disregard)
* ''[[Basera (2009 TV series)|Basera]]''(2009 series)
* ''[[Thalattu (TV series)|Thalattu]]''(Separation of mother and son through circumstances)
**Theme: How mid-aged 50s old couples are treated with disregard by their own children
* ''[[Tera Yaar Hoon Main]]'' (Father's longing to receive son's affection)
**Actors: [[Ram Kapoor]] and [[Pallavi Subhash]]
* ''Sautela''(Father and son emotional bond),  
* ''[[Thalattu (TV series)|Thalattu]]''(2021 series)
* ''[[Mere Papa Hero Hiralal]]'' (Father and daughter bond)
**Theme:Separation of mother and son through circumstances
* ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]'',Parvarrish – Season 2 (Struggles of upbringing which explored the struggles of parents and their evolving dynamics with children).
**Actors:[[Shruthi Raj]] ;[[Krishna (TV actor)]] ;Sri Latha
* ''Thangamana purushan(season 2)'' (A person whose wife is mentally sick for losing her child therefore searches his child which is adopted in some other family )
* ''[[Tera Yaar Hoon Main]]'' (2020 series)
* ''Santaan ''(challenges of a parent)&''Swaran Ghar''(Parents face struggle to provide the best things for their children) dealt with emotional challenges and experiences of a parent.
**Themes:Father's longing to receive son's affection where his first wife ends in tragedy he puts himself  in another trouble when tries to help a woman and his relationship with son gets more misunderstood worsened and devastated.
* ''[[Sasneham (TV series)|Sasneham]] ''(The story of mothers and fathers in oldage home.)
**Actors:[[Sudeep Sahir]] ,Ansh Sinha,[[Sayantani Ghosh]],[[Shweta Gulati]]
* ''Sautela''(2007 series)
**Themes:Father and son emotional bond ,longing ,unable to express their affection the story tells the relation is related only to blood and how tagged word/derogatory comment of relation has heavy impact on one's life
**Actors:[[Mukesh Khanna]],[[Krushna Abhishek]]
* ''[[Mere Papa Hero Hiralal]]''  
**Themes:Father and daughter bond
**Actors:Sarwar Ahuja ,Riva Arora ,Ashima Bhalla
* ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]''(2011),[[Parvarrish – Season 2]](2015).
**Themes:Practical story about the reality of Parents,Struggles of upbringing which explored the struggles of parents and their evolving dynamics with children
**Actors :season1:[[Shweta Tiwari]],[[Rupali Ganguly]],[[Barkha Sengupta]]
**Actors:season2:[[Sangeeta Ghosh]],[[Gautami Kapoor]]
* ''Thangamana purushan(season 2)''year of season2:2010;(2008 series-2010)
**Themes: A person whose wife is mentally sick for losing her child therefore searches his child which is adopted in some other family  
**Actors s2:Neeraja,Sridhar Subramaniyam,Premsai,Abitha (season1)
* ''Santaan''(2007 series)
**Themes:challenges of a parent couple who is unable to meet teenage children's desires and demands
**Actors:Samragyi Nema;[[Diwakar Pundir]]
*''Swaran Ghar''(2022 series)
**Themes:Parents face struggle to provide the best things for their children) dealt with emotional challenges and experiences of a parent.
**Actors:[[Sangita Ghosh]],[[Ronit Roy]]
* ''[[Sasneham (TV series)|Sasneham]] ''(2021series)
**Themes:(The story of mothers and fathers in old age home.)
**Actors: [[Rekha Ratheesh]] and K. P. A. C. Saji i


====Sports related shows====
====Sports related shows====
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* ''Kokila Enge Pogiraal'' which was a Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV from 1999 to 2000 and produced under the banner by [[Sivaji Productions]] revolves around the life of Kokila played by Actor[[Easwari Rao]] who works in office as employee where she develops rivalry through evil colleague who is a rich business man and she gets framed for wrong reasons in fake case but actually was done by same colleague with the influence of a politician and help of a lawyer as they want to escape the case.
* ''Kokila Enge Pogiraal'' which was a Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV from 1999 to 2000 and produced under the banner by [[Sivaji Productions]] revolves around the life of Kokila played by Actor[[Easwari Rao]] who works in office as employee where she develops rivalry through evil colleague who is a rich business man and she gets framed for wrong reasons in fake case but actually was done by same colleague with the influence of a politician and help of a lawyer as they want to escape the case.
* ''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]'' season2 which had portrayed toxic work place cultures for few episodes as Gauri ([[Pallavi Subhash]]) as single mother who works in her deceased husband's Takeover partnership Firm which was acquired by distant brother in law Moksh(Arbaaz Ali Khan)
* ''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]'' season2 which had portrayed toxic work place cultures for few episodes as Gauri ([[Pallavi Subhash]]) as single mother who works in her deceased husband's Takeover partnership Firm which was acquired by distant brother in law Moksh(Arbaaz Ali Khan)
* The season 3 of [[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi|Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3]] where Sanjana played by Actor[[Sana Amin Sheikh]] as Negative lead where she works in Dev's communication business company as a Self-proclaimed fake interior decorator & Plagiarist designer.
* The season 3 of'' [[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi|Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3]]'' where Sanjana played by Actor[[Sana Amin Sheikh]] as Negative lead where she works in Dev's communication business company as a Self-proclaimed fake interior decorator & Plagiarist designer.
* ''[[Deivamagal|Deivamagal serial]]'' had Actor Rekha Krishnappa played the role of Gayathri anniyar as Autocratic authoritarian Hotel supervisor possessing Superiority complex attitude
* ''[[Deivamagal|Deivamagal serial]]'' had Actor Rekha Krishnappa played the role of Gayathri anniyar as Autocratic authoritarian Hotel supervisor possessing Superiority complex attitude


====Shows Had Portrayed related to [[Office humor]]====
====Shows Had Portrayed related to [[Office humor]]====
one of the best series related to workplace humor
one of the best series related to workplace humor
* [[Rishta.com]] series (A show about Partners who run matrimonial agency)
* ''[[Rishta.com]]'' series: A show about Partners who run matrimonial agency
* [[Office (TV series)|office]] series (A show about friendships of four employees in their company.)
* ''[[Office (TV series)|office]]'' series :A show about friendships of four employees in their company.
* [[Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan]] (A show about 4 people who work in Advertising Agency)
* ''[[Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan]]'' :A show about 4 people who work in Advertising Agency


====Business rivalry related shows====
====Business rivalry related shows====
[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]] mainly revolves around the rivalry between Abinaya who is selfless person and Aditya is her Business rival and half brother.
''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'' mainly revolves around the rivalry between Abinaya who is selfless person and Aditya is her Business rival and half brother.


====Life related series====
====Life related series====
[[Aati Rahengi Baharein]] which revolves around the happy life of Dr. Amar Sanghani where his life takes an unfortunate turn when he finds out that he is suffering from a deadly disease which is incurable and has short span of life and how he deals the trauma .
*''[[Aati Rahengi Baharein]]'' which revolves around the happy life of Dr. Amar Sanghani where his life takes an unfortunate turn when he finds out that he is suffering from a deadly disease which is incurable and has short span of life and how he deals the trauma .
*''[[Dil Ki Baatein Dil Hi Jaane]]'',show also focused on the life of Cancer Patient Started on 23 March 2015 and ended on 28 August 2015


===Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi===
===Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi===
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===Remakes and variations===
===Remakes and variations===
Majority Indian tv serials take themes and inspirations but they show their own skill of their imaginations, artistry photography and creativity  For eg.
Majority Indian tv serials take themes and inspirations but they show their own skill of their imaginations, artistry photography and creativity  For eg.
*[[Thirumathi Selvam]] 2007 Tamil television soap opera aired weekday afternoons on Sun TV which had a powerful story as main character Selvam, Archana's husband loving husband of  Archana when he is in middle class family though having so many problems/strife in family and stand by her;and care for his best friend Nandhini  after selvam becomes popular luxury how arrogance  changes the equations and bond of the family and puts him in the same situation leads to separation of archana forever  and extra marital affair and nandini feud and death
*[[Thirumathi Selvam]] 2007 Tamil television soap opera aired weekday afternoons on Sun TV which had a powerful story as main character Selvam, Archana's husband loving husband of  Archana when he is in middle class family though having so many problems/strife in family and stand by her;and care for his best friend Nandhini  after Selvam becomes popular luxury how his arrogance  manipulates the equations and bond of the family and puts him in the pathetic situation and gets separated from his wife archana forever  and extra marital affair of a friend nandini leading to  feud and death and crime as result selvam turns nothing
**The same serial was inspired and remade as [[Pavitra Rishta]] under Balaji Telefilms, which aired on Zee TV which was focussed on first part of story Love and understanding bond as Manav and Archana who stand by each others in arranged marriage and shows their power of love till death
**The same serial was inspired and remade as [[Pavitra Rishta]] under Balaji Telefilms, which aired on Zee TV which was focussed on first part of story Love and understanding bond as Manav and Archana who stand by each others in arranged marriage and shows their power of love till death


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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhati]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]
| Arundhati horror fantasy film reincarnation of great-grandmother Jejamma to seek vengeance of her past enemy Pasupathi's spirit
|  
| Thirumagal 2020 serial had supernatural horror themes in 2023(from January 2023 to March 2023) as Anjali reincarnation of look alike great grand mother Azhagi who is Zaminadaari gets murdered by Malayaa,viewers Spotted these inspirations of the serial horror episodes very loosely inspired from the film
|[[Dil Se Dil Tak]]  loosely based on the 2001 Bollywood film [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]
 
|}
|}


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*Prem Daan (1992)by Actors [[Khushbu Sundar]] & [[Nitish Bharadwaj]]
*Prem Daan (1992)by Actors [[Khushbu Sundar]] & [[Nitish Bharadwaj]]
*[[Kadhal Pagadai]](1996) series acted by [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] & [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] directed by veteran Tamil film director [[K. Balachander]].
*[[Kadhal Pagadai]](1996) series acted by [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] & [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] directed by veteran Tamil film director [[K. Balachander]].
*Bangle Box by Actor [[Nandita Das]]
*Bangle Box by Actor [[Nandita Das]].


==Web impact==
==Web impact==
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===Criticism===
===Criticism===
* Few viewers stress their opinion to modify or reconstruct tele serial in different way.
* Few viewers stress their opinion to modify or reconstruct tele serial in different way.
*Few viewers critics has disappointment and criticism over the content of serials
*Few viewers critics has disappointment and criticism over the content of serials.


==Television rating point and rankings==
==Television rating point and rankings==
Trueth
132

edits

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