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{{Short description|Indian politician | {{Short description|Indian politician (1862–1922)}} | ||
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{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
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| image = Syed Shamsul Huda (Nawab,1913).jpg | | image = Syed Shamsul Huda (Nawab,1913).jpg | ||
| caption = Huda in 1913 | | caption = Huda in 1913 | ||
| birth_date = {{birth | | birth_date = {{birth date text|1862}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Brahmanbaria]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] | | birth_place = [[Brahmanbaria]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] | ||
| father = Shah Syed Reazutullah | | father = Shah Syed Reazutullah | ||
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| death_place = [[Calcutta]], Bengal Presidency, British India | | death_place = [[Calcutta]], Bengal Presidency, British India | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''[[Sir]]''' Syed Shamsul Huda {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCIE}} (1862–1922) was a Muslim political leader of the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|Bengal Executive Council]]. He became the first [[British India]]n Muslim President of the [[Order of British India|Legislative council]] in 1921.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|title=Huda,_Nawab_Syed_Shamsul}}</ref> Huda was born in [[Gokarna, Bangladesh|Gokarna]], palace known as Gokarna Nawab Bari Complex [[Nasirnagar Upazila|Nasirnager]], [[Brahmanbaria District|Brahmanbaria]]. It was the part of [[Cumilla District|Cumilla]]. Earlier known as greater [[Hill Tipperah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nasirnagar.brahmanbaria.gov.bd |title=Nasirnagar Upazilla |website=Bangladesh National Portal}}</ref><ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India]</ref> His father Syed Riazat Ullah was the editor of ''The Doorbeen'', a Persian weekly journal. | |||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
[[File:Gokarna Nawab Bari.jpg|thumb|right|Gokarna Nawab Bari Complex, Brahmanbaria]] | [[File:Gokarna Nawab Bari.jpg|thumb|right|Gokarna Nawab Bari Complex, Brahmanbaria]] | ||
Huda was | Syed Shamsul Huda completed primary education at home. His father taught him Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Bengali, and Islamic ideology. For higher education, he went to [[Hooghly Madrasah]] at [[Calcutta]]. He became a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] from [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]] in 1884, a [[Bachelor of Law|BL]] from [[Calcutta University]] in 1886 and a [[Master of Arts|MA]] in Persian, privately from Presidency College in 1889. | ||
Huda was a student in many fields of knowledge. He was one of the most articulate Muslims of his age. He became an iconic [[British India]]n [[List of modern-day Muslim scholars|Muslim scholar]], writer, lawyer, powerful leader, and profound politician in the twentieth century.<ref name="Khan2013p249">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muhammad Mojlum |author-link=Muhammad Mojlum Khan |year=2013 |title=The Muslim Heritage of Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2s9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249 |publisher=Kube Publishing |page=249 |isbn=978-1-84774-059-5}}</ref> | |||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
The [[Indian National Congress]] was established in 1885 | Syed Shamsul Huda joined the [[Aliah University|Calcutta Madrasah]] as a lecturer in 1885. He decided to be a lawyer and started practicing in [[Calcutta High Court]] in 1887. That lead him to step into politics. The [[Indian National Congress]] was established in 1885 and proposed to all Indian people to join despite religions. They succeeded by collecting full support from great Indian Muslim leaders [[Syed Ahmad Khan]], [[Nawab Abdul Latif]], and [[Syed Ameer Ali]]. Later for few days, Congress leaders changed their opinion and started partitioning. Muslim leaders called the next Annual Meeting in 1895. Huda addressed to stop this and advised the ways to make a more united and effective Congress. His address is known as Indian Politics and the Muhammadans. Hence, he became at the top of the political body.<ref name="Khan2013p249"/> | ||
Huda | Huda opposed the budget for 1905. That was a budget created for the development of colleges, hospitals, and other institutions in Calcutta that was spending East Bengal's revenue. He proposed spending for such institutions in East Bengal for the welfare of [[East Bengal]] Muslims. But the elite Hindus highly opposed it. He wrote: | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|... The best of Colleges, Hospitals, and other institutions were founded in or near about the Capital of India.... [the] neglect of years and cannot be blamed if [we] require large sums to put our house in order.<ref name="Khan2013p251">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muhammad Mojlum |author-link=Muhammad Mojlum Khan |year=2013 |title=The Muslim Heritage of Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2s9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA251+ |publisher=Kube Publishing Ltd. |page=251 |isbn=978-1-84774-059-5}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
He also mentioned on another occasion: | He also mentioned on another occasion: | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|They [Hindus] have benefited for very many years out of the revenues of Eastern Bengal and have paid very little for its progress and advancement ...<ref name="Khan2013p251" /> | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:LAW OF CRIMES.jpg|thumb|right|Tagore Law Lecture - "The Principles of the Law of Crimes in British India"]] | [[File:LAW OF CRIMES.jpg|thumb|right|Tagore Law Lecture - "The Principles of the Law of Crimes in British India"]] | ||
Huda | Authority selected Huda as a [[fellow]] of [[Calcutta University]] in 1902. He delivered the historical Tagore Law Lecture published in a book named The Principles of the Law of Crimes in British India by Butterworth & Co,(India) Ltd.<ref>{{cite journal |date=June 1920 |title=Books Received |journal=Harvard Law Review |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=1084–1086 |jstor=1327638}}; {{cite journal |date=November 1920 |title=Books Received |journal=Yale Law Journal |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=107–108 |jstor=786705}}</ref> [[Jeremy Bentham]], [[William Austin (author)|William Austin]], and [[William Blackstone]] influenced him. He presided [[Muhammadan Educational Conference]] at [[Rajshahi]] in 1904, the East Bengal and [[Assam]] Legislative Assembly member in 1908, the [[All India Muslim League]] President in 1910, and [[Imperial Legislative Council]] between 1911 and 1915. | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|He is one of the leaders of public opinion in his Province, and is On the forefront of all movements concerning the Mohammadan community.<ref name="Khan2013p251" /> | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[File: | [[File:The_Bengal_Executive_Council_(1912-1917).jpg|thumb|left|Executive Council: [[Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael|Thomas Gibson-Carmichael]] (seated) and (standing left to right) Huda, [[William Duke (colonial governor)|Frederick William Duke]], and P C Lion Chitty]] | ||
Huda was the [[List of governors of Bengal|governor]] of [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]]'s executive council member from 1912 to 1919.<ref>''Elite Conflict in a Plural Society: Twentieth-century Bengal'', J. H. Broomfield, University of California press, page 51; ''Who's who in India'', Poona 1923; and ''Who's Who, 1923'' (London, 1923).</ref> Rewarded as the ''[[nawab]]'' in 1913, [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]] [[1916 Birthday Honours|in 1916]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |chapter=Nawab |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Nawab |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> and the second judge in Calcutta High Court in 1917 from the East Bengal Muslim justice. | |||
[[Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael|Thomas Gibson-Carmichael]] stated: | [[Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael|Thomas Gibson-Carmichael]] stated: | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|...my judgement the Mohamedan community in Bengal could have had no more sympathetic or better advocate than he has been.<ref name="Khan2013p252" /> | ||
}} | }} | ||
Huda became the first Indian Muslim president of the | Huda became the first British Indian Muslim president of the reoriented [[Order of British India|legislative council]] of [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|East and West Bengal]] in 1921. | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|...he rendered the greatest service within his power to Bengal and to the Reforms - a service which will always be held in honourable remembrance.<ref name="Khan2013p252" /> | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[Surendranath Banerjee]] stated: | [[Surendranath Banerjee]] stated: | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|...his demands for the rights and claims of his co-religionists. In fact he was a gentleman in the highest sense of the word.<ref name="Khan2013p252">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muhammad Mojlum |author-link=Muhammad Mojlum Khan |year=2013 |title=The Muslim Heritage of Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2s9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA252+ |publisher=Kube Publishing Ltd. |page=252 |isbn=978-1-84774-059-5}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|...He worked round the clock to improve the existential condition of his fellow Muslims during his long and distinguished career as a jurist, leader and politician.<ref name="Khan2013p253" /> | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Contributions to education== | ==Contributions to education== | ||
He sanctioned the large sum of Rs. 900,000 from the Bengal government to purchase land to establish a government college for Muslims in Calcutta. | [[File:Executive_Council.jpg|thumb|right|Executive Council (1912–1917):[[Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael|Thomas Gibson-Carmichael]] on the chair and standing from the right Huda, [[Nicholas Beatson-Bell|N D Beatson-Bell]] and P C Lion Chitty]] | ||
Syed Shamsul Huda created accommodations founding Carmichael Hostel in Calcutta for rural university-going Muslim students of Bengal. He sanctioned two-thirds of funds from the government to establish the Elliot Madrasah Hostel in 1898. Estimated Rs. 5,400 contributed by the Nawab [[Abdul Latif]] Memorial Committee. He created the post of "assistant director for Muslim education" for each division. | |||
Huda sanctioned the large sum of Rs. 900,000 from the Bengal government to purchase land to establish a government college for Muslims in Calcutta. The opening ceremony was postponed until 1926 due to the [[First World War]] when [[Sher-e-Bangla|Abul Kasem Fazl-ul-Haq]] became education minister of the united province. | |||
Huda founded Gokarna Syed Waliuallah High School naming his same-aged uncle on his paternal property in 1915. It was the first government-aided school in [[Nasirnagar Upazila|Nasirnagar]] for Hindu and Muslim students.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Amita |date=2007 |title=Going to School in South Asia |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |page=49 |isbn=978-0-313-33553-2}}</ref> | |||
[[ | Major Hindu elites like [[Ashutosh Mukherjee]] and [[Shyamaprasad Mukherjee]] opposed the establishment of the [[University of Dhaka]]. However, Huda's involvement played a crucial in its founding in 1921.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why and who opposed the establishment of Dhaka University?|url=https://dailyphulpur.com/blog/why-and-who-opposed-the-establishment-of-dhaka-university/ |work=Daily Phulpur|date=2 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Egregious allegations of communalism against Rabindranath |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/108756/egregious-allegations-of-communalism-against-rabindranath#:~:text=The%20author%2C%20MA%20Matin%2C%20implied,Dacca%20(now%20Dhaka)%20University. |work=New Age |date=20 July 2022}}</ref> [[Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland|Lawrence Ronaldshay]] served as [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] and appointed Huda as a life member of the university. On Huda's recommendation, [[Ahmad Fazlur Rahman|A. F. Rahman]] was selected as a provost and subsequently appointed by [[Lord Ronaldshay]].<ref name="Khan2013p252"/> | ||
Huda | Huda funded the journals ''Sudhakar'' (1889), ''The Urdu Guide Press'', and ''The Muhammadan Observer'' (1880).<ref>{{cite news |title=A colossus from Brahmanbaria |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/colossus-brahmanbaria-1925529 |work=The Daily Star |date=20 July 2022}}</ref> He prevented religious obligation for women's education in Bengal. He supported and encouraged [[Begum Rokeya]] for women's education and development and her Bengal Women's Education Project.<ref>{{cite book |last=Amin |first=Sonia Nishat |date=1996 |title=The World of Muslim Women in Colonial Bengal, 1876-1939 |publisher=Brill |page=158 |isbn=978-90-04-10642-0}}</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Huda lived at 211 Lawyer Circular Road, Calcutta. He died on 14 October 1922 | Syed Shamsul Huda lived at 211 Lawyer Circular Road, Calcutta. He died on 14 October 1922 and was buried in Tiljola Municipal graveyard. The Calcutta Weekly Notes wrote of his death: | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|Sir Shamsul Huda has passed away at the time when his countrymen have stood in the greatest need of that happy combination of qualities which make leadership and which he possessed in a pre-eminent degree.<ref name="Khan2013p253">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muhammad Mojlum |author-link=Muhammad Mojlum Khan |year=2013 |title=The Muslim Heritage of Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2s9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA253+ |publisher=Kube Publishing Ltd. |page=253 |isbn=978-1-84774-059-5}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
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[[Category:1862 births]] | [[Category:1862 births]] | ||
[[Category:1922 deaths]] | [[Category:1922 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:People from | [[Category:People from Nasirnagar Upazila]] | ||
[[Category:Nawabs of Bengal]] | [[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]] | ||
[[Category:Titular Nawabs of Bengal]] | |||
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] | [[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] | ||
[[Category:Indian knights]] | [[Category:Indian knights]] | ||
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[[Category:Bengali politicians]] | [[Category:Bengali politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]] | [[Category:Bengali Muslims]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:19th-century Bengali people]] | ||
[[Category:Politicians from British India]] | |||
[[Category:19th-century Indian politicians]] | [[Category:19th-century Indian politicians]] | ||
[[Category:19th-century Indian educators]] | [[Category:19th-century Indian educators]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian educators]] | ||
[[Category:19th-century Indian educational theorists]] | |||
[[Category:Educators from West Bengal]] | |||
Latest revision as of 12:25, 13 November 2025
Syed Shamsul Huda | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Huda in 1913 | |
| Born | Template:Birth date text |
| Died | 14 October 1922 (aged 59–60) Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India |
| Parent(s) |
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Sir Syed Shamsul Huda KCIE (1862–1922) was a Muslim political leader of the Bengal Executive Council. He became the first British Indian Muslim President of the Legislative council in 1921.[1] Huda was born in Gokarna, palace known as Gokarna Nawab Bari Complex Nasirnager, Brahmanbaria. It was the part of Cumilla. Earlier known as greater Hill Tipperah.[2][3] His father Syed Riazat Ullah was the editor of The Doorbeen, a Persian weekly journal.
Education[edit | edit source]
Syed Shamsul Huda completed primary education at home. His father taught him Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Bengali, and Islamic ideology. For higher education, he went to Hooghly Madrasah at Calcutta. He became a BA from Presidency College in 1884, a BL from Calcutta University in 1886 and a MA in Persian, privately from Presidency College in 1889.
Huda was a student in many fields of knowledge. He was one of the most articulate Muslims of his age. He became an iconic British Indian Muslim scholar, writer, lawyer, powerful leader, and profound politician in the twentieth century.[4]
Career[edit | edit source]
Syed Shamsul Huda joined the Calcutta Madrasah as a lecturer in 1885. He decided to be a lawyer and started practicing in Calcutta High Court in 1887. That lead him to step into politics. The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 and proposed to all Indian people to join despite religions. They succeeded by collecting full support from great Indian Muslim leaders Syed Ahmad Khan, Nawab Abdul Latif, and Syed Ameer Ali. Later for few days, Congress leaders changed their opinion and started partitioning. Muslim leaders called the next Annual Meeting in 1895. Huda addressed to stop this and advised the ways to make a more united and effective Congress. His address is known as Indian Politics and the Muhammadans. Hence, he became at the top of the political body.[4]
Huda opposed the budget for 1905. That was a budget created for the development of colleges, hospitals, and other institutions in Calcutta that was spending East Bengal's revenue. He proposed spending for such institutions in East Bengal for the welfare of East Bengal Muslims. But the elite Hindus highly opposed it. He wrote:
... The best of Colleges, Hospitals, and other institutions were founded in or near about the Capital of India.... [the] neglect of years and cannot be blamed if [we] require large sums to put our house in order.[5]
He also mentioned on another occasion:
They [Hindus] have benefited for very many years out of the revenues of Eastern Bengal and have paid very little for its progress and advancement ...[5]
Authority selected Huda as a fellow of Calcutta University in 1902. He delivered the historical Tagore Law Lecture published in a book named The Principles of the Law of Crimes in British India by Butterworth & Co,(India) Ltd.[6] Jeremy Bentham, William Austin, and William Blackstone influenced him. He presided Muhammadan Educational Conference at Rajshahi in 1904, the East Bengal and Assam Legislative Assembly member in 1908, the All India Muslim League President in 1910, and Imperial Legislative Council between 1911 and 1915.
He is one of the leaders of public opinion in his Province, and is On the forefront of all movements concerning the Mohammadan community.[5]
.jpg)
Huda was the governor of Bengal's executive council member from 1912 to 1919.[7] Rewarded as the nawab in 1913, KCIE in 1916[8] and the second judge in Calcutta High Court in 1917 from the East Bengal Muslim justice.
Thomas Gibson-Carmichael stated:
...my judgement the Mohamedan community in Bengal could have had no more sympathetic or better advocate than he has been.[9]
Huda became the first British Indian Muslim president of the reoriented legislative council of East and West Bengal in 1921.
...he rendered the greatest service within his power to Bengal and to the Reforms - a service which will always be held in honourable remembrance.[9]
Surendranath Banerjee stated:
...his demands for the rights and claims of his co-religionists. In fact he was a gentleman in the highest sense of the word.[9]
...He worked round the clock to improve the existential condition of his fellow Muslims during his long and distinguished career as a jurist, leader and politician.[10]
Contributions to education[edit | edit source]
Syed Shamsul Huda created accommodations founding Carmichael Hostel in Calcutta for rural university-going Muslim students of Bengal. He sanctioned two-thirds of funds from the government to establish the Elliot Madrasah Hostel in 1898. Estimated Rs. 5,400 contributed by the Nawab Abdul Latif Memorial Committee. He created the post of "assistant director for Muslim education" for each division.
Huda sanctioned the large sum of Rs. 900,000 from the Bengal government to purchase land to establish a government college for Muslims in Calcutta. The opening ceremony was postponed until 1926 due to the First World War when Abul Kasem Fazl-ul-Haq became education minister of the united province.
Huda founded Gokarna Syed Waliuallah High School naming his same-aged uncle on his paternal property in 1915. It was the first government-aided school in Nasirnagar for Hindu and Muslim students.[11]
Major Hindu elites like Ashutosh Mukherjee and Shyamaprasad Mukherjee opposed the establishment of the University of Dhaka. However, Huda's involvement played a crucial in its founding in 1921.[12][13] Lawrence Ronaldshay served as chancellor and appointed Huda as a life member of the university. On Huda's recommendation, A. F. Rahman was selected as a provost and subsequently appointed by Lord Ronaldshay.[9]
Huda funded the journals Sudhakar (1889), The Urdu Guide Press, and The Muhammadan Observer (1880).[14] He prevented religious obligation for women's education in Bengal. He supported and encouraged Begum Rokeya for women's education and development and her Bengal Women's Education Project.[15]
Death[edit | edit source]
Syed Shamsul Huda lived at 211 Lawyer Circular Road, Calcutta. He died on 14 October 1922 and was buried in Tiljola Municipal graveyard. The Calcutta Weekly Notes wrote of his death:
Sir Shamsul Huda has passed away at the time when his countrymen have stood in the greatest need of that happy combination of qualities which make leadership and which he possessed in a pre-eminent degree.[10]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Bangladesh". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 8 August 2026.
- ↑ "Nasirnagar Upazilla". Bangladesh National Portal.
- ↑ Princely States of India
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Khan, Muhammad Mojlum (2013). The Muslim Heritage of Bengal. Kube Publishing. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-84774-059-5.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Khan, Muhammad Mojlum (2013). The Muslim Heritage of Bengal. Kube Publishing Ltd. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-84774-059-5.
- ↑ "Books Received". Harvard Law Review. 33 (8): 1084–1086. June 1920. JSTOR 1327638.; "Books Received". Yale Law Journal. 30 (1): 107–108. November 1920. JSTOR 786705.
- ↑ Elite Conflict in a Plural Society: Twentieth-century Bengal, J. H. Broomfield, University of California press, page 51; Who's who in India, Poona 1923; and Who's Who, 1923 (London, 1923).
- ↑ Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Nawab". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Khan, Muhammad Mojlum (2013). The Muslim Heritage of Bengal. Kube Publishing Ltd. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-84774-059-5.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Khan, Muhammad Mojlum (2013). The Muslim Heritage of Bengal. Kube Publishing Ltd. p. 253. ISBN 978-1-84774-059-5.
- ↑ Gupta, Amita (2007). Going to School in South Asia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-313-33553-2.
- ↑ "Why and who opposed the establishment of Dhaka University?". Daily Phulpur. 2 September 2021.
- ↑ "Egregious allegations of communalism against Rabindranath". New Age. 20 July 2022.
- ↑ "A colossus from Brahmanbaria". The Daily Star. 20 July 2022.
- ↑ Amin, Sonia Nishat (1996). The World of Muslim Women in Colonial Bengal, 1876-1939. Brill. p. 158. ISBN 978-90-04-10642-0.