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| name            = Shaj Mohan
| name            = Shaj Mohan
| alma_mater      = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]
| alma_mater      = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]
| school_tradition = [[Continental philosophy]]<br />[[Deconstruction]]<br />[[Metaphysics of presence|Post-metaphysics]]
| school_tradition = [[Deconstruction]]<br />[[Metaphysics of presence|Post-metaphysics]]
| main_interests  = [[Ontology]]<br /> [[Metaphysics]]<br /> [[Philosophy of technology]]<br />[[Philosophy of politics]]<br />[[Reason]]<br />[[Resurrection of Jesus|Anastasis]]
| main_interests  = [[Ontology]]<br /> [[Metaphysics]]<br /> [[Philosophy of technology]]<br />[[Philosophy of politics]]<br />[[Reason]]<br />[[Resurrection of Jesus|Anastasis]]
| notable_ideas    = Stasis,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shaj Mohan : "Nous sommes en état de stase" |url=https://www.franceculture.fr/societe/shaj-mohan-nous-sommes-en-etat-de-stase |publisher=[[France Culture]]}}</ref> anastasis, hypophysics,<ref>{{cite news |title=Gandhi and Philosophy: Hypophysics and the Comparison between Caste and Race
| notable_ideas    = Stasis,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shaj Mohan : "Nous sommes en état de stase" |url=https://www.franceculture.fr/societe/shaj-mohan-nous-sommes-en-etat-de-stase |publisher=[[France Culture]]}}</ref> anastasis, hypophysics,<ref>{{cite news |title=Gandhi and Philosophy: Hypophysics and the Comparison between Caste and Race
|url=http://positionspolitics.org/gandhi-and-philosophy-hypophysics-and-the-comparison-between-caste-and-race/ |publisher=Episteme}}</ref> Comprehending law<ref>{{cite news |title=Transformative Imagination and the Need for Law |url=http://positionspolitics.org/transformative-imagination-and-the-need-for-law/ |publisher=Episteme}}</ref>
|url=http://positionspolitics.org/gandhi-and-philosophy-hypophysics-and-the-comparison-between-caste-and-race/ |publisher=Episteme}}</ref> Comprehending law<ref>{{cite news |title=Transformative Imagination and the Need for Law |url=http://positionspolitics.org/transformative-imagination-and-the-need-for-law/ |publisher=Episteme}}</ref>
| influences      = [[Aristotle]]{{·}} [[Leibniz]]{{·}} [[Marquis de Sade|Sade]]{{·}} [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]] {{·}}[[Simone Weil]]{{·}} [[Jean-Luc Nancy]]{{·}} [[Mahatma Gandhi|M. K. Gandhi]]{{·}} [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]]{{·}} [[Jacques Derrida|Derrida]]{{·}} [[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze]]{{·}} [[Jacques Monod]]{{·}} [[Donald Davidson (philosopher)|Donald Davidson]]
|institutions=[[St Stephen's College, Delhi]]|language=[[English language|English]]}}
}}


'''Shaj Mohan''' is a philosopher<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus and Philosophers |url=http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/coronavirus-and-philosophers/}}</ref> based in [[India]].<ref name="Experiments with Hypophysics">{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29575546.ece|title=Gandhi's Experiments with Hypophysics|website=[[Frontline magazine|Frontline]]}}</ref><ref name="new book examines Gandhi">{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/a-new-book-examines-what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-the-father-of-the-nation-5910744/|title=A new book examines what we talk about when we talk about the Father of the Nation |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name="mediapart">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed?_locale=en&onglet=full|title=Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed |website=[[Mediapart]]}}</ref> His philosophical works are in the areas of [[metaphysics]], [[reason]], [[philosophy of technology]], [[philosophy of politics]], and [[secrecy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/shaj-mohan|title=Shaj Mohan bio at Bloomsbury Academic, UK|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde|title=Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde|website=France Culture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://savoirs.ens.fr/conferencier.php?id=3291|title=Shaj Mohan|website=[[École normale supérieure]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Book Review: Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref> Mohan's works are based on the principle of ''anastasis'' according to which philosophy is an ever-present possibility on the basis of a reinterpretation of [[reason]].<ref name="Resurrection of Philosophy">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-the-resurrection-of-philosophy|title=The Resurrection of Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom|url=http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/|access-date=2021-04-07|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref>
'''Shaj Mohan''' is an Indian philosopher.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus and Philosophers |date=8 January 2022 |url=http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/coronavirus-and-philosophers/}}</ref><ref name="Experiments with Hypophysics">{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29575546.ece|title=Gandhi's Experiments with Hypophysics|website=[[Frontline magazine|Frontline]]|date=2 October 2019 }}</ref><ref name="new book examines Gandhi">{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/a-new-book-examines-what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-the-father-of-the-nation-5910744/|title=A new book examines what we talk about when we talk about the Father of the Nation |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name="mediapart">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed?_locale=en&onglet=full|title=Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed |website=[[Mediapart]]|date=27 May 2018 }}</ref> His philosophical works are in the areas of [[metaphysics]], [[reason]], [[philosophy of technology]], [[philosophy of politics]], and [[secrecy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/shaj-mohan|title=Shaj Mohan bio at Bloomsbury Academic, UK|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde|title=Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde|website=France Culture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://savoirs.ens.fr/conferencier.php?id=3291|title=Shaj Mohan|website=[[École normale supérieure]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Book Review: Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref> Mohan's works are based on the principle of ''anastasis'' according to which philosophy is an ever-present possibility on the basis of a reinterpretation of [[reason]].<ref name="Resurrection of Philosophy">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-the-resurrection-of-philosophy|title=The Resurrection of Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom|url=http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/|access-date=2021-04-07|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref>


==Life==
==Biography==
Mohan completed his early education in [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]], and studied philosophy at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] where he taught for some time.<ref name="Resurrection of Philosophy" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-sound-of-flicking-nails/article3195427.ece|title=The sound of flicking nails|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> He has academic degrees in economics and philosophy.<ref name="Experiments with Hypophysics" /><ref name="deccanchronicle_110219">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html|title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> He has published in the areas of [[metaphysics]], [[reason]], [[nature]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yu|first1=Ai|year=2020|title=Digital surveillance in post‐coronavirus China: a feminist view on the price we pay|url= |journal=Gender, Work & Organization|volume=27|issue=5|pages=774–777|doi=10.1111/gwao.12471|pmc=7280578|pmid=32837009}}</ref> [[secrecy]], [[philosophy of technology]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Apter|first1=Emily|year=2019|title=Alphabetic Memes: Caricature, Satire, and Political literacy in the Age of Trump|url=https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1162/octo_a_00366|journal=[[October (journal)|October]]|volume=170|pages=5–24|doi=10.1162/octo_a_00366|doi-access=free|s2cid=208268701}}</ref> and philosophy of politics.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dhanda|first1=Meena|title=Philosophical Foundations of Anti-Casteism|url=https://academic.oup.com/aristotelian/article-abstract/120/1/71/5825765?redirectedFrom=fulltext|journal=Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society|volume=120}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Is privacy a privilege?|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/books/is-privacy-a-privilege/220056.html}}</ref><ref name="On the relation between">{{Cite book|last=Mohan|first=Shaj|title=The Public Sphere From Outside the West|date=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781472571922|chapter=On the relation between the Obscure, the Cryptic, and the Public|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjJBCgAAQBAJ&q=shaj+mohan+secret+public+sphere&pg=PT66|via=Google Books}}</ref>
Mohan completed his early education in [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]], and studied philosophy at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] where he taught for some time.<ref name="Resurrection of Philosophy" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-sound-of-flicking-nails/article3195427.ece|title=The sound of flicking nails|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> He has academic degrees in economics and philosophy.<ref name="Experiments with Hypophysics" /><ref name="deccanchronicle_110219">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html|title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Mohan is originally from [[Tirunelveli]]. His grandfather Nadaraja [[Pillai (surname)|Pillai]] participated in the [[Indian independence movement]] with the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=English.Mathrubhumi|date=15 November 2022 }}</ref>


He has written philosophical essays against the rise of [[Hindu nationalism]] in [[The Indian Express]],<ref name="Courage to Begin">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/gandhi-jayanti-anniversary-150-a-new-afterlife-6034217/|title=Courage to Begin|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=30 September 2019}}</ref> [[Mediapart]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed' |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed/commentaires |publisher=[[Mediapart]]}}</ref> [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]], [[La Croix]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Un nouveau mouvement pour l'indépendance de l'Inde |url=https://www.la-croix.com/Debats/Forum-et-debats/nouveau-mouvement-lindependance-lInde-2020-01-06-1201069970 |publisher=[[La Croix]]}}</ref> [[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]], [[The Caravan]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reghu|first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi,Shaj Mohan,J|title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority|access-date=2021-04-07|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> [[Le Monde]]<ref>{{cite news |title= En Inde, les troubles s'expliquent en partie par la Constitution du pays  |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2020/01/24/en-inde-les-troubles-s-expliquent-en-partie-par-la-constitution-du-pays_6027035_3232.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> and [[Libération]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2018/09/05/l-antifascisme-un-crime-en-inde_1676515|title=L'antifascisme, un crime en Inde Par Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan|website=[[Libération]]|date=5 September 2018}}</ref> As per Le Monde he has faced difficulties due to his political writings.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-02|title=En Inde, le mensuel " The Caravan " est harcelé par la police|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref>
He has published in the areas of [[metaphysics]], [[reason]], [[nature]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yu|first1=Ai|year=2020|title=Digital surveillance in post-coronavirus China: a feminist view on the price we pay|url= |journal=Gender, Work & Organization|volume=27|issue=5|pages=774–777|doi=10.1111/gwao.12471|pmc=7280578|pmid=32837009}}</ref> [[secrecy]], [[philosophy of technology]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Apter|first1=Emily|year=2019|title=Alphabetic Memes: Caricature, Satire, and Political literacy in the Age of Trump|journal=[[October (journal)|October]]|volume=170|pages=5–24|doi=10.1162/octo_a_00366|doi-access=free|s2cid=208268701}}</ref> and philosophy of politics.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dhanda|first1=Meena|title=Philosophical Foundations of Anti-Casteism|url=https://academic.oup.com/aristotelian/article-abstract/120/1/71/5825765?redirectedFrom=fulltext|journal=Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society|volume=120}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Is privacy a privilege?|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/books/is-privacy-a-privilege/220056.html}}</ref><ref name="On the relation between">{{Cite book|last=Mohan|first=Shaj|title=The Public Sphere From Outside the West|date=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781472571922|chapter=On the relation between the Obscure, the Cryptic, and the Public|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjJBCgAAQBAJ&q=shaj+mohan+secret+public+sphere&pg=PT66|via=Google Books}}</ref>
 
He has written philosophical essays against the rise of [[Hindu nationalism]] in [[The Indian Express]],<ref name="Courage to Begin">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/gandhi-jayanti-anniversary-150-a-new-afterlife-6034217/|title=Courage to Begin|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=30 September 2019}}</ref> [[Mediapart]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed' |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed/commentaires |publisher=[[Mediapart]]}}</ref> [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]], [[La Croix (newspaper)|La Croix]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Un nouveau mouvement pour l'indépendance de l'Inde |url=https://www.la-croix.com/Debats/Forum-et-debats/nouveau-mouvement-lindependance-lInde-2020-01-06-1201069970 |publisher=[[La Croix (newspaper)|La Croix]]}}</ref> [[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]], [[The Caravan]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reghu|first=co-authored by Divya Dwivedi, Shaj Mohan, J|title=How upper castes invented a Hindu majority|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority|access-date=2021-04-07|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref> [[Le Monde]]<ref>{{cite news |title= En Inde, les troubles s'expliquent en partie par la Constitution du pays  |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2020/01/24/en-inde-les-troubles-s-expliquent-en-partie-par-la-constitution-du-pays_6027035_3232.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> and [[Libération]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2018/09/05/l-antifascisme-un-crime-en-inde_1676515|title=L'antifascisme, un crime en Inde Par Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan|website=[[Libération]]|date=5 September 2018}}</ref> As per Le Monde he has faced difficulties due to his political writings.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-02|title=En Inde, le mensuel " The Caravan " est harcelé par la police|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/02/02/en-inde-le-mensuel-the-caravan-est-harcele-par-la-police_6068474_3210.html|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref>


In 2021 the American critical theory journal Episteme published a special issue on the philosophy of Mohan and [[Divya Dwivedi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2021 the American critical theory journal Episteme published a special issue on the philosophy of Mohan and [[Divya Dwivedi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref>


==Philosophical work==
==Philosophical work==
Mohan's work shows a new possibility for philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor deconstruction, and its orientation was described as ''deconstructive materialism''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom|url=http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref>
Mohan's work shows a new possibility for philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor deconstruction, and its orientation was described as ''deconstructive materialism''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom|url=http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> According to [[Countercurrents.org|Counter Currents]] there is “something which can be called a [[revolution]]ary theory, but not under that name” in his work.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=Class, Caste And Communism: An Interview With J. Reghu{{!}} Countercurrents |url=https://countercurrents.org/2023/04/class-caste-and-communism-an-interview-with-j-reghu/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=countercurrents.org |language=en-US}}</ref>


His work combines the [[Formalism (philosophy)|formalism]] and argumentation of [[analytic philosophy]] with the intuitive exegetical style of [[continental philosophy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we need is collective shared political inventions; Shaj Mohan tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/929698-what-we-need-is-collective-shared-political-inventions-shaj-mohan-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-07-19|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref> Mohan is credited with having "created a new voice in philosophy" resembling the style of [[Prophecy|prophesy]].<ref name="Resurrection of Philosophy" /> Mohan said that it is possible to practice philosophy without anchoring it to any tradition.<ref>{{cite web |title="The Winter of Absolute Zero": Interview with Shaj Mohan by Auwn Gurmani |url=http://www.nakedpunch.com/articles/327 |website=[[Naked Punch]]}}</ref> He argued that the ''principle of [[reason]]'' has an important role in philosophy in spite of the criticisms of it in the 20th century. Reason exceeds mechanical thinking as it has a relation to "the obscure".<ref>{{Cite web|title="But, there is nothing outside of philosophy": Conversation between Shaj Mohan and Rachel Adams|url=http://positionspolitics.org/conversation-between-shaj-mohan-and-rachel-adams/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Principle of Sufficient Reason">{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjJBCgAAQBAJ&q=shaj+mohan+technology&pg=PT66 |chapter=Principle of Sufficient Reason 2: On Information Metaphysics |title=The Public Sphere From Outside the West |first1=Shaj |last1=Mohan |first2=Anish |last2=Mohammed |date=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |via=Google Books |isbn=9781472571922}}</ref> This rethinking of the principle of reason is made possible through interpreting the philosophical tradition of faculties in a new way.<ref name=":1" />
His work combines the [[Formalism (philosophy)|formalism]] and argumentation of [[analytic philosophy]] with the intuitive exegetical style of [[continental philosophy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we need is collective shared political inventions; Shaj Mohan tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/929698-what-we-need-is-collective-shared-political-inventions-shaj-mohan-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-07-19|website=ILNA|date=22 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Mohan is credited with having "created a new voice in philosophy" resembling the style of [[Prophecy|prophesy]].<ref name="Resurrection of Philosophy" /> Mohan said that it is possible to practice philosophy without anchoring it to any tradition.<ref>{{cite web |title="The Winter of Absolute Zero": Interview with Shaj Mohan by Auwn Gurmani |url=http://www.nakedpunch.com/articles/327 |website=[[Naked Punch]] |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809131018/http://nakedpunch.com/articles/327 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He argued that the ''principle of [[reason]]'' has an important role in philosophy in spite of the criticisms of it in the 20th century. Reason exceeds mechanical thinking as it has a relation to "the obscure".<ref>{{Cite web|title="But, there is nothing outside of philosophy": Conversation between Shaj Mohan and Rachel Adams|url=http://positionspolitics.org/conversation-between-shaj-mohan-and-rachel-adams/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Principle of Sufficient Reason">{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjJBCgAAQBAJ&q=shaj+mohan+technology&pg=PT66 |chapter=Principle of Sufficient Reason 2: On Information Metaphysics |title=The Public Sphere From Outside the West |first1=Shaj |last1=Mohan |first2=Anish |last2=Mohammed |date=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |via=Google Books |isbn=9781472571922}}</ref> This rethinking of the principle of reason is made possible through interpreting the philosophical tradition of faculties in a new way.<ref name=":1" /> His works are opposed to exceptionalist style of thinking, including [[state of exception]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chambers|first=Claire|date=2021-12-27|title=Unreliable Witnesses?|url=https://3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2021/12/unreliable-witnesses.html|access-date=2022-01-30|website=3 Quarks Daily|language=en-US}}</ref>


Mohan wrote the book ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' published by [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic, UK]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gandhi-and-philosophy-9781474221719/|title=Gandhi and philosophy|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing}}</ref> with the philosopher [[Divya Dwivedi]]. [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] wrote the foreword to ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and described the originality this work in terms of the relation shown by it between [[truth]] and suffering. Nancy wrote that this work creates the new beginning for philosophy following the end of [[metaphysics]],{{quote|This is how this book comes to our attention and contributes to orient us, if I may say so, toward a thought, and even a world, neither humanist nor reduced to suffering in the name of Truth. In the terms of this work: neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.<ref name="Gandhi and Philosophy how this book" />}}
Mohan wrote the books ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]]'' published by [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic, UK]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gandhi-and-philosophy-9781474221719/|title=Gandhi and philosophy|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing}}</ref> and ''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=Dissecting the politics of caste {{!}} Book review |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/books/book-review-of-indian-philosophy-indian-revolution-on-caste-and-politics-1.9621316 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref> published by [[C. Hurst & Co.|Hurst Publishers, UK]] with the philosopher [[Divya Dwivedi]].
 
[[Jean-Luc Nancy]] wrote the foreword to ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and described the originality this work in terms of the relation shown by it between [[truth]] and suffering. Nancy wrote that this work creates the new beginning for philosophy following the end of [[metaphysics]],{{blockquote|This is how this book comes to our attention and contributes to orient us, if I may say so, toward a thought, and even a world, neither humanist nor reduced to suffering in the name of Truth. In the terms of this work: neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.<ref name="Gandhi and Philosophy how this book" />}}Rachel Adams and Crain Soudien assert that Mohan's "thought is increasingly becoming one of the most radical and important contributions to the philosophy of the world, today".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=Rachel |last2=Soudien |first2=Crain |date=2022-10-31 |title=Introduction: Radical Reason |url=https://sajs.co.za/article/view/15000 |journal=South African Journal of Science |language=en |volume=118 |issue=Special issue: Radical Reason |doi=10.17159/sajs.2022/15000 |s2cid=253198738 |issn=1996-7489|doi-access=free }}</ref>


=== ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' ===
=== ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' ===
[[File:Gandhi_suit.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Mahatma Gandhi|M. K. Gandhi]] in 1909]]
According to [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' leads to a new orientation outside of the [[Theology|theological]], metaphysical and [[Nihilism|nihilistic]] tendencies in philosophy. [[Bernard Stiegler]] said that this work "give us to reconsider the history of nihilism in the [[Eschatology|eschatological]] contemporaneity and shows its ultimate limits" and offers a new path.<ref name="Stiegler" /><ref name="bloomsbury_9781474221719"/> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' calls this new beginning ''the anastasis of philosophy''.<ref name="Chrysalis">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref> [[Robert Bernasconi]] said that the inventiveness and the [[Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics)|constructivism]] behind the concept of ''ana-stasis'', or the overcoming of stasis, has a relation to the project of ''re-beginning of philosophy'' by [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]].<ref name="YouTube">{{cite AV media |title=Robert Bernasconi speaking at the launch of 'Gandhi & Philosophy' |date=14 March 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury India |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZwd_Gl-aN0&t=2s}}</ref>
According to [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' leads to a new orientation outside of the [[Theology|theological]], metaphysical and [[Nihilism|nihilistic]] tendencies in philosophy. [[Bernard Stiegler]] said that this work "give us to reconsider the history of nihilism in the [[Eschatology|eschatological]] contemporaneity and shows its ultimate limits" and offers a new path.<ref name="Stiegler" /><ref name="bloomsbury_9781474221719"/> ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' calls this new beginning ''the anastasis of philosophy''.<ref name="Chrysalis">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref> [[Robert Bernasconi]] said that the inventiveness and the [[Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics)|constructivism]] behind the concept of ''ana-stasis'', or the overcoming of stasis, has a relation to the project of ''re-beginning of philosophy'' by [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]].<ref name="YouTube">{{cite av media |title=Robert Bernasconi speaking at the launch of 'Gandhi & Philosophy' |date=14 March 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury India |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZwd_Gl-aN0&t=2s}}</ref>


''Gandhi and Philosophy'' proposed that parallel to the metaphysical tendency in philosophy there is ''hypophysics''. Hypophysics is defined as "a conception of [[nature]] as value". Mohan said "This non-philosophical system, which we call hypophysics, is necessarily interesting for philosophy. "<ref name="new book examines Gandhi" /> The distance from [[nature]] that human beings and natural objects come to have through the effects of technology lessens their value, or brings them closer to [[evil]]. Gandhi's concept of passive force or [[nonviolence]] is an implication of his hypophysical commitment to nature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://openthemagazine.com/lounge/books/second-thoughts/|title= A philosophical appraisal of Gandhi's outlook and ideas|first=Siddharth|last=Singh|website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]]|date= 27 September 2019}}</ref>
''Gandhi and Philosophy'' proposed that parallel to the metaphysical tendency in philosophy there is ''hypophysics''. Hypophysics is defined as "a conception of [[nature]] as value". Mohan said "This non-philosophical system, which we call hypophysics, is necessarily interesting for philosophy. "<ref name="new book examines Gandhi" /> The distance from [[nature]] that human beings and natural objects come to have through the effects of technology lessens their value, or brings them closer to [[evil]]. Gandhi's concept of passive force or [[nonviolence]] is an implication of his hypophysical commitment to nature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://openthemagazine.com/lounge/books/second-thoughts/|title= A philosophical appraisal of Gandhi's outlook and ideas|first=Siddharth|last=Singh|website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]]|date= 27 September 2019}}</ref> Livio Boni in  Le collectif de pantin noted that the concept of hypophysics is influenced by Kant. Hypophysics enables a rational reading of Gandhi's works to learn from it without falling into the errors of mysticism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le gandhisme à l'épreuve de la psychanalyse (II) Identification à l'autre et dés-identification par « restance » : les années de formation de Gandhi à Londres (1888-1891) - Collectif de Pantin |url=https://www.collectifdepantin.org/posts/le-gandhisme-a-lepreuve-de-la-psychanalyse-ii-identification-a-lautre-et-des-identification-par-restance-les-annees-de-formation-de-gandhi-a-londres-1888-1891 |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=www.collectifdepantin.org |language=fr}}</ref>


The philosophical direction outside of metaphysics and hypophysics is created through the invention of a new conceptual order. It is meant to enable philosophy to step outside the regime of sign, [[signifier]], and [[text (literary theory)|text]].<ref name="Chrysalis" /><ref name="new book examines Gandhi" /> The Book Review said that the philosophical project of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "A seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".<ref name="The Book Review">{{Cite web|url=http://thebookreviewindia.org/philosophizing-gandhi/|title=Philosophizing Gandhi|first=V|last=Tankha|website=The Book Review}}</ref> Some of the conceptual inventions have been noted to have come from mathematics and biology.<ref name=":1"/>
The philosophical direction outside of metaphysics and hypophysics is created through the invention of a new conceptual order. It is meant to enable philosophy to step outside the regime of sign, [[signifier]], and [[text (literary theory)|text]].<ref name="Chrysalis" /><ref name="new book examines Gandhi" /> The Book Review said that the philosophical project of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "A seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".<ref name="The Book Review">{{Cite web|url=http://thebookreviewindia.org/philosophizing-gandhi/|title=Philosophizing Gandhi|first=V|last=Tankha|website=The Book Review}}</ref> Some of the conceptual inventions have been noted to have come from mathematics and biology.<ref name=":1"/>


The constructionist tendency of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' places it between the dominant philosophical styles of [[continental philosophy]] and [[analytical philosophy]].<ref name="Chrysalis" /> The conclusion of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' emphasizes the construction of a new dimension in philosophy. {{quote|Anastasis is the obscure beginning which would gather the [[occident]]al and the [[orient]]al to make of them a [[chrysalis]] and set off the imagos born with their own spans and skies; these skies and the imagos set against them will refuse to trade in orientations; and these skies will be invisible to the departed souls of [[Hegel]] who sought [[Mercury (mythology)|mercury]] in the darkest nights.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4sB2DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Gandhi+and+philosophy%22+%22the+obscure+beginning+which+would%22&pg=PA217 |title=Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-Politics |first1=Shaj |last1=Mohan |first2=Divya |last2=Dwivedi |date=December 13, 2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |page=217 |via=Google Books |isbn=978-1-4742-2173-3}}</ref>}}
The constructionist tendency of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' places it between the dominant philosophical styles of [[continental philosophy]] and [[analytical philosophy]].<ref name="Chrysalis" /> The conclusion of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' emphasizes the construction of a new dimension in philosophy. {{blockquote|Anastasis is the obscure beginning which would gather the [[occident]]al and the [[orient]]al to make of them a [[chrysalis]] and set off the imagos born with their own spans and skies; these skies and the imagos set against them will refuse to trade in orientations; and these skies will be invisible to the departed souls of [[Hegel]] who sought [[Mercury (mythology)|mercury]] in the darkest nights.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4sB2DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Gandhi+and+philosophy%22+%22the+obscure+beginning+which+would%22&pg=PA217 |title=Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-Politics |first1=Shaj |last1=Mohan |first2=Divya |last2=Dwivedi |date=December 13, 2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |page=217 |via=Google Books |isbn=978-1-4742-2173-3}}</ref>}}
 
=== Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics ===
Mohan co-authored the book ''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics'' with Divya Dwivedi. The book was edited and annotated by Maël Montévil who added a philosophical [[glossary]] to the book explaining the philosophical terminology of Dwivedi and Mohan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom |url=https://thewire.in/books/an-anthology-of-anti-caste-essays-and-the-question-of-who-gets-to-kill-whom |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=thewire.in}}</ref>
 
The book is an anthology of essays and interviews outlining a revolutionary theory in anti-caste politics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Punia |first=Aarushi |date=2024-04-25 |title=Book review: 'Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution'; Imagining a country led by lower castes |url=https://maktoobmedia.com/more/bookshelf/book-review-indian-philosophy-indian-revolution-imagining-a-country-led-by-lower-castes/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Maktoob media |language=en-US}}</ref> According to the book the caste system is the oldest structured program of [[racism]] continuing uninterrupted for 3000 years. It argues that Hindu religion is a 20th century invention by the upper caste leaders of India and British colonial administration, and it serves to suppress the political reality of lower caste people in all religious denominations constituting the real majority population of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion döljer klass i Narendra Modis Indien |url=https://www.parabol.press/religion-doljer-klass-i-narendra-modis-indien/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Parabol |language=sv-SE}}</ref> It contains a new theory of history suitable for understanding the lower caste majority position in politics and for theorising politics of equality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=Dissecting the politics of caste {{!}} Book review |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/books/book-review-of-indian-philosophy-indian-revolution-on-caste-and-politics-1.9621316 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution'' was called “an anti-caste political program or a manifesto only comparable to the little book of [[Karl Marx|Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]].”<ref name=":2" />
 
The political points of view, analysis and theories developed in the book are based upon the previously published philosophical works, including on topics such as [[deconstruction]], and the book ''Gandhi and Philosophy''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lèbre |first=Jérôme |date=2024-05-09 |title=En finir avec l’hindouisme, révolutionner l’Inde : la philosophie de Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan - AOC media |url=https://aoc.media/analyse/2024/05/09/en-finir-avec-lhindouisme-revolutionner-linde-la-philosophie-de-divya-dwivedi-et-shaj-mohan/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=AOC media - Analyse Opinion Critique |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Philosophers including  [[Slavoj Žižek]] and [[Robert Bernasconi]], and theorist of literature [[Robert J. C. Young|Robert Young]] have said that the book has relevance to philosophical reflections on political crisis developing in other parts of the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution {{!}} Hurst Publishers |url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/indian-philosophy-indian-revolution/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=HURST |language=en-GB}}</ref>


== Reception ==
== Reception ==
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== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
'''Books'''
* ''Indian Philosophy,'' ''Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics'', Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan, edited and annotated by Maël Montévil, [[C. Hurst & Co.|Hurst Publishers]], UK, 2024.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaMo0AEACAAJ |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |date=2024-02-29 |publisher=C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited |isbn=978-1-911723-23-3 |language=en}}</ref>[https://m.thewire.in/article/books/an-anthology-of-anti-caste-essays-and-the-question-of-who-gets-to-kill-whom]
* ''On Bernard Stiegler: Philosopher of Friendship'', Ed. [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] and Shaj Mohan, [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] Philosophy, UK, 2024.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nancy |first1=Jean-Luc |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URZIzwEACAAJ |title=On Bernard Stiegler: Philosopher of Friendship |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |date=2024-02-08 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-350-32902-7 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]]'', Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.


* ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]],'' Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
'''Articles'''
 
* “[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/and-the-beginning-of-philosophy And the Beginning of Philosophy]”, ''Philosophy World Democracy'', 2021.
=== Articles ===
* [[doi:10.1215/10418385-10052375|Deconstruction and Anastasis]], Qui Parle (2022) 31 (2): 339–344.
 
* “[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/other-beginning/be-held-in-the-gaze-of-the-stone Be Held in the Gaze of the Stone]”, ''Philosophy World Democracy'', 2022.  
* “[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/and-the-beginning-of-philosophy And the Beginning of Philosophy]”, ''Philosophy World Democracy'', 2021.  
*[https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/our-mysterious-being Our Mysterious Being] by [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] and Shaj Mohan.
 
* “[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/other-beginning/on-the-bastard-family-of-deconstruction On the Bastard Family of Deconstruction]“, ''Philosophy World Democracy, 2021.'' Text of public seminar in [[École Normale Supérieure]] on 23 November 2021https://savoirs.ens.fr/expose.php?id=4041
* [http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/teleography-and-tendencies-part-2-history-and-anastasis/ Teleography and Tendencies: Part 2 History and Anastasis], ''European Journal of Psychoanalysis'', 2022.  
* “[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/the-noise-of-all-things The Noise of All Things]“, ''Philosophy World Democracy, 2021.''  
* “[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/the-noise-of-all-things The Noise of All Things]“, ''Philosophy World Democracy, 2021.''  
* "«Une Bonne Nuit pour de Longues Promenades »: pour Bernard Stiegler", ''Amitiés de [[Bernard Stiegler]]'', réunies par [[Jean-Luc Nancy]],  [[Éditions Galilée|Editions Galilée]], 2021.
* "«Une Bonne Nuit pour de Longues Promenades »: pour Bernard Stiegler", ''Amitiés de [[Bernard Stiegler]]'', réunies par [[Jean-Luc Nancy]],  [[Éditions Galilée|Editions Galilée]], 2021.
 
*[https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/lesperienza-oscura L’esperienza oscura] in ''European Journal of Psychoanalysis''
*[https://www.franceculture.fr/societe/shaj-mohan-nous-sommes-en-etat-de-stase "Nous sommes en état de stase"] in [[France Culture]]
*[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/aber-es-gibt-nichts-au%C3%9Ferhalb „Aber es gibt nichts außerhalb der Philosophie“]
* "The Obscure Experience", ''Coronavirus, Psychoanalysis, and Philosophy'', Ed. F. Castrillón, T. Marchevsky, London: [[Routledge]], 2021.
* "The Obscure Experience", ''Coronavirus, Psychoanalysis, and Philosophy'', Ed. F. Castrillón, T. Marchevsky, London: [[Routledge]], 2021.
* “On the Relation Between the Obscure, the Cryptic and the Public”, in ''The Public Sphere From Outside the West'', London: [[Bloomsbury Academic]], 2015.
* “On the Relation Between the Obscure, the Cryptic and the Public”, in ''The Public Sphere From Outside the West'', London: [[Bloomsbury Academic]], 2015.
* "What Carries Us On", ''Coronavirus, Psychoanalysis, and Philosophy'', Ed. F. Castrillón, T. Marchevsky, London: [[Routledge]], 2021.
* "What Carries Us On", ''Coronavirus, Psychoanalysis, and Philosophy'', Ed. F. Castrillón, T. Marchevsky, London: [[Routledge]], 2021.
'''Interviews'''
* [http://positionspolitics.org/conversation-between-shaj-mohan-and-rachel-adams/ “But, there is nothing outside of philosophy”], ''Positions Politics''.
* [https://proteanmag.com/2023/12/02/let-the-world-speak-an-interview-with-shaj-mohan/ Let the World Speak: An Interview with Shaj Mohan], by Anthony Ballas and Kamran Baradaran, ''Protean Magazine'', 2023.
* [http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/sajs/v118nspe2/06.pdf ‘I take, and I am taken, by what belongs to philosophy’: Philosophy and the redemption of democracy], South African Journal of Science, vol.118 spe 2 Pretoria 2022.
* [https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde] Interview with ''[[Les Chemins de la philosophie]]'' at the [[UNESCO]]Headquarters Paris, available as Podcast.
* [https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed'] Interview at ''[[Mediapart]]''


=== Secondary Literature ===
== References ==
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
'''Secondary literature'''
* [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], “[https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/ La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir]”, in [[Libération]]
* [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], “[https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/ La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir]”, in [[Libération]]
* Jérôme Lèbre, [https://aoc.media/analyse/2024/05/09/en-finir-avec-lhindouisme-revolutionner-linde-la-philosophie-de-divya-dwivedi-et-shaj-mohan/ La philosophie de Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan], in AOC media.
* [[Robert Bernasconi|R. Bernasconi]], "[http://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan’s Gandhi and Philosophy]", ''episteme'', issue 4: philosophy for another time; towards a collective political imagination.
* [[Robert Bernasconi|R. Bernasconi]], "[http://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan’s Gandhi and Philosophy]", ''episteme'', issue 4: philosophy for another time; towards a collective political imagination.
* R. Janardhanan, "[http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/ The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan:A New Philosophy of Freedom]", ''Positions Politics'', 2021.
* R. Janardhanan, "[http://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/ The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan:A New Philosophy of Freedom]", ''Positions Politics'', 2021.
* Anand Sreekumar, “[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-international-security/article/pacifist-and-the-hypophysical-a-cosmological-reading-of-gandhi/D606D11A57A829A8AEA4DD8F4468FEF1 The pacifist and the hypophysical: A cosmological reading of Gandhi]”,  European Journal of International Security,  [[Cambridge University Press]]:, 4 August 2023 ''',''' pp 1 – 19.  DOI: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2023.18</nowiki>
* [[Marguerite La Caze]], "[http://positionspolitics.org/cocktails-more-lethal-than-molotovs/ Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs:Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy]", ''episteme'', issue 4.
* [[Marguerite La Caze]], "[http://positionspolitics.org/cocktails-more-lethal-than-molotovs/ Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs:Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy]", ''episteme'', issue 4.
* D. J. Smith "[http://positionspolitics.org/gandhi-and-philosophy-hypophysics-and-the-comparison-between-caste-and-race/ Gandhi and Philosophy:Hypophysics and the Comparison between Caste and Race]", ''episteme'', issue 4.
* D. J. Smith "[http://positionspolitics.org/gandhi-and-philosophy-hypophysics-and-the-comparison-between-caste-and-race/ Gandhi and Philosophy: Hypophysics and the Comparison between Caste and Race]", ''episteme'', issue 4.
* Raveendran, N. K. “[https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere]”, [[Mathrubhumi]].


== References ==
'''Articles'''
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
===Interviews===
 
* [http://positionspolitics.org/conversation-between-shaj-mohan-and-rachel-adams/ “But, there is nothing outside of philosophy”], ''Positions Politics''.
*[https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde] Interview with ''[[Les Chemins de la philosophie]]'' at the [[UNESCO]] Headquarters Paris, available as Podcast.
*[https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed'] Interview at ''[[Mediapart]]''
 
===Articles in English===
*[https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/our-mysterious-being Our Mysterious Being] by [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] and Shaj Mohan.
*[https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/the-crown-of-the-stasis/ The Crown of the Stasis]
*[https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/the-crown-of-the-stasis/ The Crown of the Stasis]
===In Italian===
*[https://antinomie.it/index.php/2020/03/30/cosa-ci-porta-avanti Cosa ci porta avanti]
*[https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/lesperienza-oscura L’esperienza oscura] in ''European Journal of Psychoanalysis''
===In French===
*[https://www.franceculture.fr/societe/shaj-mohan-nous-sommes-en-etat-de-stase "Nous sommes en état de stase"] in [[France Culture]]
*[https://esprit.presse.fr/article/divya-dwivedi-et-shaj-mohan/ce-que-l-hindouisme-recouvre-42787 Ce que l'hindouisme recouvre par [[Divya Dwivedi]] et Shaj Mohan] in [[Esprit (magazine)]]
===Spanish===
*[https://dialektika.org/2020/03/17/filosofia-coronavirus-dossier-poderes-del-gobierno-la-libertad-individual/#index8 La comunidad de los desamparados: una respuesta a Agamben y Nancy] in the journal Dialektika: Filosofía, Sociedad & Cultura
=== German ===
*[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/aber-es-gibt-nichts-au%C3%9Ferhalb „Aber es gibt nichts außerhalb der Philosophie“]


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/ Critical assessment of the works of Shaj Mohan and Divya Dwivedi] in the special issue of the journal ''Episteme''  
*[http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/ Critical assessment of the works of Shaj Mohan and Divya Dwivedi] in the special issue of the journal ''Episteme''  
*[https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-the-resurrection-of-philosophy The Resurrection of Philosophy] Biographical essay on Shaj Mohan and [[Divya Dwivedi]] at ''[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]''.
*[https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-the-resurrection-of-philosophy The Resurrection of Philosophy] Biographical essay on Shaj Mohan and [[Divya Dwivedi]] at ''[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]''.
*[https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/on-pandemics-nancy-esposito-nancy/ On Pandemics: Nancy, Dwivedi, Mohan, Esposito, Nancy, Ronchi] Compendium of articles by [[Divya Dwivedi]], [[Roberto Esposito]], Shaj Mohan, [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] and others.
*[https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/on-pandemics-nancy-esposito-nancy/ On Pandemics: Nancy, Dwivedi, Mohan, Esposito, Nancy, Ronchi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119211402/http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/on-pandemics-nancy-esposito-nancy/ |date=19 January 2021 }} Compendium of articles by [[Divya Dwivedi]], [[Roberto Esposito]], Shaj Mohan, [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] and others.


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Latest revision as of 03:25, 19 February 2026


Shaj Mohan
Shaj Mohan, philosopher
Alma materSt. Stephen's College, Delhi
EraContemporary philosophy
SchoolDeconstruction
Post-metaphysics
InstitutionsSt Stephen's College, Delhi
LanguageEnglish
Main interests
Ontology
Metaphysics
Philosophy of technology
Philosophy of politics
Reason
Anastasis
Notable ideas
Stasis,[1] anastasis, hypophysics,[2] Comprehending law[3]

Shaj Mohan is an Indian philosopher.[4][5][6][7] His philosophical works are in the areas of metaphysics, reason, philosophy of technology, philosophy of politics, and secrecy.[8][9][10][11] Mohan's works are based on the principle of anastasis according to which philosophy is an ever-present possibility on the basis of a reinterpretation of reason.[12][13]

Biography[edit | edit source]

Mohan completed his early education in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, and studied philosophy at St. Stephen's College, Delhi where he taught for some time.[12][14] He has academic degrees in economics and philosophy.[5][15] Mohan is originally from Tirunelveli. His grandfather Nadaraja Pillai participated in the Indian independence movement with the Indian National Congress.[16]

He has published in the areas of metaphysics, reason, nature,[17] secrecy, philosophy of technology,[18] and philosophy of politics.[19][20][21]

He has written philosophical essays against the rise of Hindu nationalism in The Indian Express,[22] Mediapart,[23] Outlook, La Croix,[24] The Wire, The Caravan,[25] Le Monde[26] and Libération.[27] As per Le Monde he has faced difficulties due to his political writings.[28]

In 2021 the American critical theory journal Episteme published a special issue on the philosophy of Mohan and Divya Dwivedi.[29]

Philosophical work[edit | edit source]

Mohan's work shows a new possibility for philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor deconstruction, and its orientation was described as deconstructive materialism.[30] According to Counter Currents there is “something which can be called a revolutionary theory, but not under that name” in his work.[31]

His work combines the formalism and argumentation of analytic philosophy with the intuitive exegetical style of continental philosophy.[32] Mohan is credited with having "created a new voice in philosophy" resembling the style of prophesy.[12] Mohan said that it is possible to practice philosophy without anchoring it to any tradition.[33] He argued that the principle of reason has an important role in philosophy in spite of the criticisms of it in the 20th century. Reason exceeds mechanical thinking as it has a relation to "the obscure".[34][35] This rethinking of the principle of reason is made possible through interpreting the philosophical tradition of faculties in a new way.[30] His works are opposed to exceptionalist style of thinking, including state of exception.[36]

Mohan wrote the books Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics published by Bloomsbury Academic, UK[37] and Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics[38] published by Hurst Publishers, UK with the philosopher Divya Dwivedi.

Jean-Luc Nancy wrote the foreword to Gandhi and Philosophy and described the originality this work in terms of the relation shown by it between truth and suffering. Nancy wrote that this work creates the new beginning for philosophy following the end of metaphysics,

This is how this book comes to our attention and contributes to orient us, if I may say so, toward a thought, and even a world, neither humanist nor reduced to suffering in the name of Truth. In the terms of this work: neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.[39]

Rachel Adams and Crain Soudien assert that Mohan's "thought is increasingly becoming one of the most radical and important contributions to the philosophy of the world, today".[40]

Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics[edit | edit source]

According to Jean-Luc Nancy Gandhi and Philosophy leads to a new orientation outside of the theological, metaphysical and nihilistic tendencies in philosophy. Bernard Stiegler said that this work "give us to reconsider the history of nihilism in the eschatological contemporaneity and shows its ultimate limits" and offers a new path.[41][42] Gandhi and Philosophy calls this new beginning the anastasis of philosophy.[43] Robert Bernasconi said that the inventiveness and the constructivism behind the concept of ana-stasis, or the overcoming of stasis, has a relation to the project of re-beginning of philosophy by Heidegger.[44]

Gandhi and Philosophy proposed that parallel to the metaphysical tendency in philosophy there is hypophysics. Hypophysics is defined as "a conception of nature as value". Mohan said "This non-philosophical system, which we call hypophysics, is necessarily interesting for philosophy. "[6] The distance from nature that human beings and natural objects come to have through the effects of technology lessens their value, or brings them closer to evil. Gandhi's concept of passive force or nonviolence is an implication of his hypophysical commitment to nature.[45] Livio Boni in Le collectif de pantin noted that the concept of hypophysics is influenced by Kant. Hypophysics enables a rational reading of Gandhi's works to learn from it without falling into the errors of mysticism.[46]

The philosophical direction outside of metaphysics and hypophysics is created through the invention of a new conceptual order. It is meant to enable philosophy to step outside the regime of sign, signifier, and text.[43][6] The Book Review said that the philosophical project of Gandhi and Philosophy is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "A seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".[47] Some of the conceptual inventions have been noted to have come from mathematics and biology.[30]

The constructionist tendency of Gandhi and Philosophy places it between the dominant philosophical styles of continental philosophy and analytical philosophy.[43] The conclusion of Gandhi and Philosophy emphasizes the construction of a new dimension in philosophy.

Anastasis is the obscure beginning which would gather the occidental and the oriental to make of them a chrysalis and set off the imagos born with their own spans and skies; these skies and the imagos set against them will refuse to trade in orientations; and these skies will be invisible to the departed souls of Hegel who sought mercury in the darkest nights.[48]

Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics[edit | edit source]

Mohan co-authored the book Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics with Divya Dwivedi. The book was edited and annotated by Maël Montévil who added a philosophical glossary to the book explaining the philosophical terminology of Dwivedi and Mohan.[49]

The book is an anthology of essays and interviews outlining a revolutionary theory in anti-caste politics.[50] According to the book the caste system is the oldest structured program of racism continuing uninterrupted for 3000 years. It argues that Hindu religion is a 20th century invention by the upper caste leaders of India and British colonial administration, and it serves to suppress the political reality of lower caste people in all religious denominations constituting the real majority population of India.[51] It contains a new theory of history suitable for understanding the lower caste majority position in politics and for theorising politics of equality.[52][49] Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution was called “an anti-caste political program or a manifesto only comparable to the little book of Marx and Engels.”[49]

The political points of view, analysis and theories developed in the book are based upon the previously published philosophical works, including on topics such as deconstruction, and the book Gandhi and Philosophy.[53] Philosophers including Slavoj Žižek and Robert Bernasconi, and theorist of literature Robert Young have said that the book has relevance to philosophical reflections on political crisis developing in other parts of the world.[54]

Reception[edit | edit source]

Jean-Luc Nancy, Robert Bernasconi, Bernard Stiegler and Robert J. C. Young said that his work creates new possibilities for philosophy beyond the impasse of metaphysics and nihilism.[39][42][41] American critical theory journal Episteme published a special issue of critical assessments of the philosophy of Mohan and Divya Dwivedi in 2021.[29]

Mohan's work on Gandhi was criticised from the point of view methodological and stylistic difficulty. Robert Bernasconi noted that Gandhi and Philosophy is a difficult book and it is "not a book that you will understand at first reading".[44] The difficulty due to the constructivist style was noted by other authors as well.[47][43][55]

Gandhi and Philosophy was criticised from the point of view of the recent mounting criticisms of Gandhi in India and internationally. It was said that Gandhi and Philosophy might be exalting Gandhi while being very critical of him at the same time. The ambiguous approach to Gandhi was described in one of the commentaries in The Indian Express as "Mohan and Dwivedi have done a masterful job of avoiding the binary fork – hagiography or vituperation – as much of Gandhi and hagiography comes from a need to spiritualise Gandhi".[56]

Economic and Political Weekly pointed to Mohan and Dwivedi's participation in the paradigm of "western philosophy", especially when Gandhi's goal was to create an alternative to Eurocentrism. EPW said that his work may be of interest only to continental philosophy as he does not participate in Indic discourses.[57]

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

Books

Articles

Interviews

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Shaj Mohan : "Nous sommes en état de stase"". France Culture.
  2. ↑ "Gandhi and Philosophy: Hypophysics and the Comparison between Caste and Race". Episteme.
  3. ↑ "Transformative Imagination and the Need for Law". Episteme.
  4. ↑ "Coronavirus and Philosophers". 8 January 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Gandhi's Experiments with Hypophysics". Frontline. 2 October 2019.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "A new book examines what we talk about when we talk about the Father of the Nation". The Indian Express.
  7. ↑ "Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed". Mediapart. 27 May 2018.
  8. ↑ "Shaj Mohan bio at Bloomsbury Academic, UK". Bloomsbury Publishing.
  9. ↑ "Une nuit de philosophie (1/4) : Philosopher en Inde". France Culture.
  10. ↑ "Shaj Mohan". École normale supérieure.
  11. ↑ "Book Review: Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy". The Wire.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "The Resurrection of Philosophy". The Wire.
  13. ↑ "The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom". positions politics. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  14. ↑ "The sound of flicking nails". The Hindu.
  15. ↑ "New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi". Deccan Chronicle.
  16. ↑ "Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere". English.Mathrubhumi. 15 November 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  17. ↑ Yu, Ai (2020). "Digital surveillance in post-coronavirus China: a feminist view on the price we pay". Gender, Work & Organization. 27 (5): 774–777. doi:10.1111/gwao.12471. PMC 7280578. PMID 32837009.
  18. ↑ Apter, Emily (2019). "Alphabetic Memes: Caricature, Satire, and Political literacy in the Age of Trump". October. 170: 5–24. doi:10.1162/octo_a_00366. S2CID 208268701.
  19. ↑ Dhanda, Meena. "Philosophical Foundations of Anti-Casteism". Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 120.
  20. ↑ "Is privacy a privilege?". The Tribune.
  21. ↑ Mohan, Shaj (2015). "On the relation between the Obscure, the Cryptic, and the Public". The Public Sphere From Outside the West. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472571922 – via Google Books.
  22. ↑ "Courage to Begin". The Indian Express. 30 September 2019.
  23. ↑ "Hindu nationalism and why 'being a philosopher in India can get you killed'". Mediapart.
  24. ↑ "Un nouveau mouvement pour l'indépendance de l'Inde". La Croix.
  25. ↑ Reghu, co-authored by Divya Dwivedi, Shaj Mohan, J. "How upper castes invented a Hindu majority". The Caravan. Retrieved 7 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ↑ "En Inde, les troubles s'expliquent en partie par la Constitution du pays". Le Monde.
  27. ↑ "L'antifascisme, un crime en Inde Par Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan". Libération. 5 September 2018.
  28. ↑ "En Inde, le mensuel " The Caravan " est harcelé par la police". Le Monde.fr (in français). 2 February 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination". positions politics. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom". positions politics. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  31. ↑ "Class, Caste And Communism: An Interview With J. Reghu| Countercurrents". countercurrents.org. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  32. ↑ "What we need is collective shared political inventions; Shaj Mohan tells ILNA". ILNA. 22 June 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  33. ↑ ""The Winter of Absolute Zero": Interview with Shaj Mohan by Auwn Gurmani". Naked Punch. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  34. ↑ ""But, there is nothing outside of philosophy": Conversation between Shaj Mohan and Rachel Adams". positions politics. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  35. ↑ Mohan, Shaj; Mohammed, Anish (2015). "Principle of Sufficient Reason 2: On Information Metaphysics". The Public Sphere From Outside the West. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472571922 – via Google Books.
  36. ↑ Chambers, Claire (27 December 2021). "Unreliable Witnesses?". 3 Quarks Daily. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  37. ↑ "Gandhi and philosophy". Bloomsbury Publishing.
  38. ↑ "Dissecting the politics of caste | Book review". English.Mathrubhumi. 8 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Mohan, Shaj; Dwivedi, Divya; Nancy, Jean-Luc (13 December 2018). Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-Politics. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4742-2173-3 – via Google Books.
  40. ↑ Adams, Rachel; Soudien, Crain (31 October 2022). "Introduction: Radical Reason". South African Journal of Science. 118 (Special issue: Radical Reason). doi:10.17159/sajs.2022/15000. ISSN 1996-7489. S2CID 253198738.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Stiegler, Bernard (14 November 2018). Qu'appelle-t-on Panser ?: 1. L'immense régression. Les Liens qui Libèrent. ISBN 979-1-02-090559-8 – via Google Books.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Reviews Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics". Bloomsbury Academic, UK.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 "Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy". The Wire.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Robert Bernasconi speaking at the launch of 'Gandhi & Philosophy'. Bloomsbury India. 14 March 2019 – via YouTube.
  45. ↑ Singh, Siddharth (27 September 2019). "A philosophical appraisal of Gandhi's outlook and ideas". Open Magazine.
  46. ↑ "Le gandhisme à l'épreuve de la psychanalyse (II) Identification à l'autre et dés-identification par « restance » : les années de formation de Gandhi à Londres (1888-1891) - Collectif de Pantin". www.collectifdepantin.org (in français). Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Tankha, V. "Philosophizing Gandhi". The Book Review.
  48. ↑ Mohan, Shaj; Dwivedi, Divya (13 December 2018). Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-Politics. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-4742-2173-3 – via Google Books.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 "An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom". thewire.in. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  50. ↑ Punia, Aarushi (25 April 2024). "Book review: 'Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution'; Imagining a country led by lower castes". Maktoob media. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  51. ↑ "Religion döljer klass i Narendra Modis Indien". Parabol (in svenska). Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  52. ↑ "Dissecting the politics of caste | Book review". English.Mathrubhumi. 8 June 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  53. ↑ Lèbre, Jérôme (9 May 2024). "En finir avec l'hindouisme, révolutionner l'Inde : la philosophie de Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan - AOC media". AOC media - Analyse Opinion Critique (in français). Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  54. ↑ "Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution | Hurst Publishers". HURST. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  55. ↑ Suhrud, Tridip (17 August 2019). "'Gandhi and Philosophy – On Theological Anti-Politics' review: Leap of faith". The Hindu.
  56. ↑ Ayyar, Raj. "Bending the binary". The Indian Express.
  57. ↑ Raghuramaraju, A (3 August 2019). "Gandhi in the Company of Western Philosophers". Economic and Political Weekly. Vol. 54, no. 31. pp. 7–8.
  58. ↑ Dwivedi, Divya; Mohan, Shaj (29 February 2024). Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics. C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited. ISBN 978-1-911723-23-3.
  59. ↑ Nancy, Jean-Luc; Mohan, Shaj (8 February 2024). On Bernard Stiegler: Philosopher of Friendship. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-350-32902-7.

Further reading[edit | edit source]

Secondary literature

Articles

External links[edit | edit source]

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