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{{short description|National park in Andhra Pradesh, India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox protected area | |||
{{Infobox protected area | | name = Papikonda National Park | ||
| name =Papikonda National Park | |||
| iucn_category = II | | iucn_category = II | ||
| photo =Papikondalu view 16.jpg | <!--| photo =Papikondalu view 16.jpg --> | ||
| | | image = | ||
| location =Andhra Pradesh, India | Papikondalu view 16.jpg | ||
| map = | | mapframe-zoom = 9 | ||
| location = Andhra Pradesh, India | |||
| map = India | |||
| relief = 1 | | relief = 1 | ||
| coordinates = | | mapframe = Yes | ||
| area = | | coordinates = | ||
| established = | | area = {{convert|1012.86|km2|abbr=on}} | ||
| established = 1978 | |||
| visitation_num = | | visitation_num = | ||
| visitation_year = | | visitation_year = | ||
| governing_body = | | governing_body = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Papikonda National Park''' is a [[national park]] in [[India]], located near [[Rajamahendravaram]] in the Papi Hills of the [[ | '''Papikonda National Park''' is a [[national park]] in [[India]], located near [[Rajamahendravaram]] in the Papi Hills of the [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]] and [[Eluru district|Eluru]] districts<!--Not in Bhadrachalam municipality of old Khammam anymore--> of [[Andhra Pradesh]], and covering an area of {{convert|1012.86|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wiienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/image/PAs_Map_Database/images/andhra_pradesh.jpg |title=Wildlife Protected Areas Andhra Pradesh |date=2014}}</ref><ref name=papikonda>{{cite web|title=Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary|url=http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20PAPIKONDA.htm|publisher=AP forest department|access-date=28 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125021421/http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20PAPIKONDA.htm |archive-date=25 January 2014}}</ref> It is an [[Important Bird and Biodiversity Area]] and home to some endangered species of flora and fauna.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7llECrdHHq7SW5PNXJ2QXlQcG8/view|title=Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas in India: Priority Sites for Conservation |edition=Revised and updated |last1=Rahmani |first1=A. R. |last2=Islam|first2=M. Z.|last3=Kasambe|first3=R. M. |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society, Indian Bird Conservation Network, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and BirdLife International U.K. |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-84678-02-9 |location=India|pages=206–208}}</ref> No part of Papikonda remains outside East and West [[Godavari]] districts after 2014 and the construction of [[Polavaram Dam]]. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1978.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSnDO8Nlj2IC |title=Perspectives on Polavaram, a Major Irrigation Project on Godavari | | Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1978.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSnDO8Nlj2IC |title=Perspectives on Polavaram, a Major Irrigation Project on Godavari |author1=Gujja, B. |author2=Ramakrishna, S. |author3=Goud, V. |author4=Sivaramakrishna |date=2006 |publisher=Academic Foundation |isbn=9788171885787}}</ref> It was upgraded to a national park in 2008. | ||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
The national park's boundaries lie between 18° 49’ 20" N to 19° 18’ 14" N, 79° 54’ 13" E to 83° 23’ 35" E spread across the | The national park's boundaries lie between 18° 49’ 20" N to 19° 18’ 14" N, 79° 54’ 13" E to 83° 23’ 35" E spread across the Alluri Sitharama Raju and Eluru districts of Andhra Pradesh. Its altitude ranges from {{convert|20|to|850|m|abbr=on}}, and it receives an annual rainfall of 1168&nbsp;mm. [[Godavari River]] flows through the park.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
== Flora == | == Flora == | ||
| Line 30: | Line 33: | ||
== Fauna == | == Fauna == | ||
=== Mammals === | === Mammals === | ||
The mammals either sighted or recorded by [[camera trap]]s includes [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian leopard]], [[ | The mammals either sighted or recorded by [[camera trap]]s includes [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian leopard]], [[Rusty-spotted cat]], [[Jungle cat]], [[Leopard cat]], [[Sloth bear]], [[Small Indian civet]], [[Asian palm civet]], [[Wild boar]] and [[Honey badger]]. [[Herbivore]]s recorded include [[Chital|spotted deer]], [[Sambar deer]], [[Indian muntjac]], [[Indian spotted chevrotain]], [[Gaur]], [[Nilgai]] and [[Four-horned antelope]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |author1=Aditya, V. |author2=Ganesh, T. |year=2017 |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=9 |issue=10 |pages=10823–10830 |doi=10.11609/jott.3021.9.10.10823-10830 |title=Mammals of Papikonda Hills, northern Eastern Ghats, India |url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/3021/4187|doi-access=free }}</ref> | ||
The national park has population of both [[Rhesus macaque]] which are normally found north of [[Godavari River|Godavari]] and [[Bonnet macaque]] that are usually found south of Godavari. [[Gray langur | The national park has population of both [[Rhesus macaque]] which are normally found north of [[Godavari River|Godavari]] and [[Bonnet macaque]] that are usually found south of Godavari. [[Gray langur]]s are also seen inside the national park.<ref name=":1" /> The presence of [[water buffalo]]es in the area was recorded during the British imperial time.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_RG2x2xDQ5UC|title=Gazetteer of South India|last=Francis|first=W.|date=1989|publisher=Mittal Publications|volume=1|location=New Delhi|pages=270}}</ref> | ||
=== Birds === | === Birds === | ||
The national park was recognized as an [[Important Bird and Biodiversity Area]] by [[BirdLife International]] in 2016. Some of the endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species of birds reported includes [[Black-bellied tern]], [[Pale-capped pigeon]], [[Yellow-throated bulbul]], [[Oriental darter]], [[Pallid harrier]], [[Great Thick-knee]], [[River lapwing]], [[River tern]], [[Malabar pied hornbill]], [[Alexandrine parakeet]]. | The national park was recognized as an [[Important Bird and Biodiversity Area]] by [[BirdLife International]] in 2016. Some of the endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species of birds reported includes [[Black-bellied tern]], [[Pale-capped pigeon]], [[Yellow-throated bulbul]], [[Oriental darter]], [[Pallid harrier]], [[Great Thick-knee]], [[River lapwing]], [[River tern]], [[Malabar pied hornbill]], [[Alexandrine parakeet]]. | ||
Some of the tropical moist forest species of birds sighted were [[Black-throated munia]], [[Indian scimitar babbler]], [[Jerdon's nightjar]], [[Malabar trogon]] [[Malabar whistling thrush]]. A subspecies of [[Abbott's babbler]] identified and named after ornithologist [[K. S. R. Krishna Raju]] was sighted around the periphery of the national park.<ref>{{Cite journal| | Some of the tropical moist forest species of birds sighted were [[Black-throated munia]], [[Indian scimitar babbler]], [[Jerdon's nightjar]], [[Malabar trogon]] [[Malabar whistling thrush]]. A subspecies of [[Abbott's babbler]] identified and named after ornithologist [[K. S. R. Krishna Raju]] was sighted around the periphery of the national park.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ripley|first1=S. D. |last2=Beehler|first2=B. M. |title=A new subspecies of the babbler genus ''Malacocincla abbotti'' from the Eastern Ghats, India |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/290/mode/1up |journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club |volume=105 |issue=2|pages=67}}</ref> | ||
=== Reptiles === | === Reptiles === | ||
[[Indian golden gecko]], endemic to the [[Eastern Ghats]] was reported from this national park.<ref>{{Cite journal | | [[Indian golden gecko]], endemic to the [[Eastern Ghats]] was reported from this national park.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=S.M. |first1=M. J. |last2=Archana |first2=W. |last3=Tampal |first3=F. |date=2007 |title=On the Occurrence of Golden Gecko (''Calodactylodes aureus'') in Papikonda Hills, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India |url=https://zoosprint.zooreach.org/ZooPrintJournal/2007/June/2727-2729.pdf |journal=Zoos' Print Journal |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=2727–2729 |doi=10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1735.2727-9 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126074505/https://zoosprint.zooreach.org/ZooPrintJournal/2007/June/2727-2729.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[King cobra]]s were sighted in and around the protected area.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Satyanarayana |first1=J. E. |last2=Balaji |first2=K. |date=2018 |title=King Cobra: Occurrence of ''Ophiophagus hannah'' in Papikonda National Park, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.zoosprint.zooreach.org/index.php/zp/article/view/123 |journal=Zoo's Print |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=15–18 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=27 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527190812/https://www.zoosprint.zooreach.org/index.php/zp/article/view/123 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
== Threats == | == Threats == | ||
Poaching, forest fires and clearing forest for cultivation are some of the threats.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ganesh |first1=T. |last2=Aditya |first2=V. |date=2018 |title=Deciphering forest change: Linking satellite-based forest cover change and community perceptions in a threatened landscape in India |journal=Ambio |pages=790–800 |doi=10.1007/s13280-018-1108-x |pmid=30406924 |volume=48 |issue=7 |pmc=6509315}}</ref> | |||
Poaching, forest fires and clearing forest for | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/9282307#map=8/17.301/81.874 Pakikonda National Park] marked on OpenStreetMap | * [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/9282307#map=8/17.301/81.874 Pakikonda National Park] marked on OpenStreetMap | ||
| Line 54: | Line 56: | ||
{{National Parks of India}} | {{National Parks of India}} | ||
{{Protected areas of Andhra Pradesh}} | {{Protected areas of Andhra Pradesh}} | ||
{{Eastern Ghats |state=expanded}} | |||
[[Category:East Godavari district]] | [[Category:East Godavari district]] | ||
| Line 61: | Line 65: | ||
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1978]] | [[Category:Protected areas established in 1978]] | ||
[[Category:1978 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]] | [[Category:1978 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:19, 22 March 2026
| Papikonda National Park | |
|---|---|
| Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 403: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | |
| Location | Andhra Pradesh, India |
| Area | 1,012.86 km2 (391.07 sq mi) |
| Established | 1978 |
Papikonda National Park is a national park in India, located near Rajamahendravaram in the Papi Hills of the Alluri Sitharama Raju and Eluru districts of Andhra Pradesh, and covering an area of 1,012.86 km2 (391.07 sq mi).[1][2] It is an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area and home to some endangered species of flora and fauna.[3] No part of Papikonda remains outside East and West Godavari districts after 2014 and the construction of Polavaram Dam.
History[edit | edit source]
Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1978.[4] It was upgraded to a national park in 2008.
Geography[edit | edit source]
The national park's boundaries lie between 18° 49’ 20" N to 19° 18’ 14" N, 79° 54’ 13" E to 83° 23’ 35" E spread across the Alluri Sitharama Raju and Eluru districts of Andhra Pradesh. Its altitude ranges from 20 to 850 m (66 to 2,789 ft), and it receives an annual rainfall of 1168 mm. Godavari River flows through the park.[3]
Flora[edit | edit source]
The vegetation of Papikonda national park contains species of moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests.[4] Tree species include Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia elliptica, Terminalia arjuna, Adina cordifolia, Sterculia urens, Mangifera indica, Anogeissus latifolia.[3]
Fauna[edit | edit source]
Mammals[edit | edit source]
The mammals either sighted or recorded by camera traps includes Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Rusty-spotted cat, Jungle cat, Leopard cat, Sloth bear, Small Indian civet, Asian palm civet, Wild boar and Honey badger. Herbivores recorded include spotted deer, Sambar deer, Indian muntjac, Indian spotted chevrotain, Gaur, Nilgai and Four-horned antelope.[5]
The national park has population of both Rhesus macaque which are normally found north of Godavari and Bonnet macaque that are usually found south of Godavari. Gray langurs are also seen inside the national park.[3] The presence of water buffaloes in the area was recorded during the British imperial time.[6]
Birds[edit | edit source]
The national park was recognized as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area by BirdLife International in 2016. Some of the endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species of birds reported includes Black-bellied tern, Pale-capped pigeon, Yellow-throated bulbul, Oriental darter, Pallid harrier, Great Thick-knee, River lapwing, River tern, Malabar pied hornbill, Alexandrine parakeet.
Some of the tropical moist forest species of birds sighted were Black-throated munia, Indian scimitar babbler, Jerdon's nightjar, Malabar trogon Malabar whistling thrush. A subspecies of Abbott's babbler identified and named after ornithologist K. S. R. Krishna Raju was sighted around the periphery of the national park.[7]
Reptiles[edit | edit source]
Indian golden gecko, endemic to the Eastern Ghats was reported from this national park.[8] King cobras were sighted in and around the protected area.[3][9]
Threats[edit | edit source]
Poaching, forest fires and clearing forest for cultivation are some of the threats.[10]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Wildlife Protected Areas Andhra Pradesh". 2014.
- ↑ "Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary". AP forest department. Archived from the original on 25 January 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Rahmani, A. R.; Islam, M. Z.; Kasambe, R. M. (2016). Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas in India: Priority Sites for Conservation (Revised and updated ed.). India: Bombay Natural History Society, Indian Bird Conservation Network, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and BirdLife International U.K. pp. 206–208. ISBN 978-93-84678-02-9.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gujja, B.; Ramakrishna, S.; Goud, V.; Sivaramakrishna (2006). Perspectives on Polavaram, a Major Irrigation Project on Godavari. Academic Foundation. ISBN 9788171885787.
- ↑ Aditya, V.; Ganesh, T. (2017). "Mammals of Papikonda Hills, northern Eastern Ghats, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 9 (10): 10823–10830. doi:10.11609/jott.3021.9.10.10823-10830.
- ↑ Francis, W. (1989). Gazetteer of South India. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 270.
- ↑ Ripley, S. D.; Beehler, B. M. "A new subspecies of the babbler genus Malacocincla abbotti from the Eastern Ghats, India". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 105 (2): 67.
- ↑ S.M., M. J.; Archana, W.; Tampal, F. (2007). "On the Occurrence of Golden Gecko (Calodactylodes aureus) in Papikonda Hills, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India" (PDF). Zoos' Print Journal. 22 (6): 2727–2729. doi:10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1735.2727-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ↑ Satyanarayana, J. E.; Balaji, K. (2018). "King Cobra: Occurrence of Ophiophagus hannah in Papikonda National Park, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh". Zoo's Print. 33 (3): 15–18. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ↑ Ganesh, T.; Aditya, V. (2018). "Deciphering forest change: Linking satellite-based forest cover change and community perceptions in a threatened landscape in India". Ambio. 48 (7): 790–800. doi:10.1007/s13280-018-1108-x. PMC 6509315. PMID 30406924.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Pakikonda National Park marked on OpenStreetMap
Template:National Parks of India Template:Protected areas of Andhra Pradesh