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{{EngvarB|date=February 2017}}
{{Short description|Bengali Islamic movement of 1818}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Infobox militant organization
{{more footnotes needed|date=December 2013}}
| name            = Faraizi Movement
{{more citations needed|date=December 2013}}
| native_name      = ফরাজী আন্দোলন
{{unreliable sources|date=December 2013}}
| native_name_lang = bn
| image            =
| logo            = Flag of Jihad.svg
| caption          =
| leader          = [[Haji Shariatullah]] (founder)<br>[[Dudu Miyan]] (successor)
| foundation      = 1818
| dissolution      = c. 1900s (merged into other reformist/anti-colonial movements)
| predecessor      =
| successor        = [[Indian independence movement]] factions
| headquarters    = [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| area            = Bengal region
| ideology        = [[Islamic revivalism]] <br> [[Anti-colonialism]]<br> [[Jihadism]]<br> [[Islamic fundamentalism]]<br> [[Islamism]] <br> [[Reformism]] <br> [[Bengali nationalism]] <br> [[Anti-British sentiment]]
| status          = Defunct
| size            = Tens of
thousands of followers (at its peak)
| allies          = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Deobandi jihadism|Deobandi rebels]] <br> {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya|Titumir's Forces]]
| opponents        = {{flagicon image|British Raj Red Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]
* Local [[Zamindars]]
| battles          = [[Faraizi uprisings]]
| partof          =
}}
}}
[[File:Haji Shariatullah.jpg|thumb|Haji Shariatullah, Founder of the movement.]]{{Islam in Bangladesh}}
[[File:Haji_Shariatullah.jpg|thumb|[[Haji Shariatullah]]]]
The '''Faraizi movement''' ({{lang-bn|ফরায়েজি আন্দোলন|fôrayeji andolon}}) was a movement led by [[Haji Shariatullah]] in Eastern [[Bengal]] to give up [[bidah|un-Islamic practices]] and act upon their duties as Muslims ([[fard|''farāʾiḍ'']]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muin-ud-Din Ahmad |year=2012 |chapter=Shariatullah, Haji |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shariatullah,_Haji |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Founded in 1818, the movement protected the rights of tenants to a great extent.
{{Islam in Bangladesh}}
The '''Faraizi movement''' ({{langx|bn|ফরায়েজি আন্দোলন|fôrayezi andolôn}}) was an [[Islamic revivalist]], [[Reformist]] [[Militant]] movement led by [[Haji Shariatullah]] in Eastern [[Bengal]] to encourage Muslims to give up [[bidah|un-Islamic practices]] and act upon their duties as Muslims ([[fard|''farāʾiḍ'']]).<ref name="BP-Shariatullah">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muin-ud-Din Ahmad |year=2012 |chapter=Shariatullah, Haji |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shariatullah,_Haji |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Founded in 1818, the movement protected the rights of tenants to a great extent.


== Views ==
== Views ==
The Faraizis adhered to the [[Hanafi]] school with certain differences in practices.
The Faraizis adhered to the [[Hanafi]] school with certain differences in practices.
* [[Tawbah]] i.e. to be penitent for past sins as a measure for the purification of soul.
* [[Tawbah]] i.e. to be penitent for past sins as a measure for the purification of soul.
* To observe strictly the obligatory duties of [[fard|Faraiz]].
* To observe strictly the obligatory duties of [[fard|Faraiz]].
* Strict adherence to [[Tawhid]].
* Strict adherence to [[Tawhid]]
* India being [[Dar al Harb]], [[Friday prayers]] and [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]] prayers were not obligatory.
* India being [[Dar al Harb]], [[Friday prayers]] and [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]] prayers were not obligatory.
* Denouncing all cultural rites and ceremonies, which had no reference to the [[Quran]] and [[Sunnah]], as [[bidah]] or sinful innovations.<ref name=":0" />
* Denouncing all cultural rites and ceremonies, which had no reference to the [[Quran]] and [[Sunnah]], as [[bidah]] or sinful innovations.<ref name=":0" />


The leader of the Faraizis was called ''Ustad'' or teacher, and his disciples ''xagird'' or students, instead of using the terms like ''pir'' and ''murid''. A person so initiated into the Faraizi fold was called ''Tawbar Muslim'' or ''Mumin''.<ref name=":0" />
The leader of the Faraizis was called ''Ustad'' or teacher, and his disciples ''shaagird'' or students (protégé), instead of using the terms like ''pir'' and ''murid''. A person so initiated into the Faraizi fold was called ''Tawbar Muslim'' or ''Mumin''.<ref name=":0" />
It was a religious reform movement founded in rural areas of East Bengal. It was initially peaceful but later turned violent. The basic aim was to discard un Islamic practices.
It was a religious revivalist movement founded in rural areas of East Bengal. It was initially peaceful but later turned violent. The basic aim was to discard un Islamic practices.
Its epicentre was in Faridpur.
Its epicentre was in Faridpur.


==Reception==
==Social reform==
{{more citations needed section|date=February 2015}}
The Faraizi movement was widely taken up in the areas of greater [[Dhaka]], [[Barisal]], and [[Comilla]].<ref name="BP-Shariatullah" />
The Faraizi movement was widely received in the districts of [[Dhaka]], [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]], [[Barisal]], [[Mymensingh]] and [[Comilla]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Haji Shariatullah|url=http://www.muslimummah.org/articles/articles.php?itemno=204&&category=Famous%20Person|website=Muslim Ummah of North America|publisher=Muslim Ummah of North America|access-date=22 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222140239/http://www.muslimummah.org/articles/articles.php?itemno=204&&category=Famous%20Person|archive-date=22 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Some Muslims, on the other hand, particularly the landlords of Dhaka, hence, reacted sharply against him, which caused a riot in Nayabari, [[Dhaka District]]. Due to the reaction of these landlords and Hindu landlords and European [[indigo]] planters, this movement swelled into a socio-economic issue.<ref>{{cite book|last=Uddin|first=Sufia M.|title=Constructing Bangladesh: Religion, Ethnicity, and Language in an Islamic Nation|date=2006|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|pages=53–54}}</ref>


The landlords levied numerous ''abwabs'' (plural form of the Arabic term ''bab'', signifying a door, a section, a chapter, a title). During  [[Mughal Empire|Mughal India]], all temporary and conditional taxes and impositions levied by the government over and above regular taxes were referred to as abwabs. More explicitly, abwab stood for all irregular impositions on Raiyats above the established assessment of land in the Pargana. Such abwabs were horribly dishonest in the eye of law. Several abwabs were of a religious nature. Haji Shariatullah then intervened to object to such a practice and commanded his disciples not to pay these dishonest cesses to the landlords. The landlords even inflicted a ban on the slaughter of cows, especially on the occasion of [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]]. The Faraizis ordained their peasant followers not to obey such a ban. All these heated instances added up to tensed and stressed relationships amongst the Faraizis and the landlords, who were all [[Hindus]].<ref name=":0" />{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}
The landlords levied numerous ''abwabs'' (plural form of the Arabic term ''bab'', signifying a door, a section, a chapter, a title). During  [[Mughal Empire|Mughal India]], all temporary and conditional taxes and impositions levied by the government over and above regular taxes were referred to as abwabs. More explicitly, abwab stood for all irregular impositions on Raiyats above the established assessment of land in the Pargana. Such abwabs were horribly dishonest in the eye of law. Several abwabs were of a religious nature. Haji Shariatullah then intervened to object to such a practice and commanded his disciples not to pay these dishonest cesses to the landlords. The landlords even inflicted a ban on the slaughter of cows, especially on the occasion of [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]]. The Faraizis ordained their peasant followers not to obey such a ban. All these heated instances added up to tensed and stressed relationships amongst the Faraizis and the landlords, who were all [[Hindus]].<ref name=":0" />{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}
Line 32: Line 50:
The Islamic-led Faraizi movement could be witnessed in various parts of Bengal, with overwhelming Anglo-Bangla agreement for perhaps the very first time. The outraged landlords built up a propaganda campaign with the British officials, incriminating the Faraizis with a mutinous mood. In 1837, these Hindu landlords indicted Haji Shariatullah of attempting to build up a kingdom of his own. They also brought several lawsuits against the Faraizis, in which they benefitted dynamic co-operation of the European indigo planters. Shariatullah was placed under the detention of the police in more than one instance, for purportedly inciting agrarian turbulence in Faridpur.<ref name=":0" />{{additional citation needed|date=February 2015}}
The Islamic-led Faraizi movement could be witnessed in various parts of Bengal, with overwhelming Anglo-Bangla agreement for perhaps the very first time. The outraged landlords built up a propaganda campaign with the British officials, incriminating the Faraizis with a mutinous mood. In 1837, these Hindu landlords indicted Haji Shariatullah of attempting to build up a kingdom of his own. They also brought several lawsuits against the Faraizis, in which they benefitted dynamic co-operation of the European indigo planters. Shariatullah was placed under the detention of the police in more than one instance, for purportedly inciting agrarian turbulence in Faridpur.<ref name=":0" />{{additional citation needed|date=February 2015}}


== Succession ==
== Resistance to Colonialism ==
After the death of [[Haji Shariatullah]], his son, [[Dudu Miyan]], led the movement to a more agrarian character. He organised the oppressed peasantry against the oppressive landlords. In retaliation, the landlords and indigo planters tried to contain Dudu Miyan by instituting false cases against him.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muin-ud-Din Ahmed |year=2012 |chapter=Faraizi Movement |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Faraizi_Movement |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> However, he became so popular with the peasantry that in the cases, courts seldom found a witness against Dudu Miyan.
After the death of [[Haji Shariatullah]], his son, [[Dudu Miyan]], led the movement to a more agrarian character. He organised the oppressed peasantry against the oppressive landlords. In retaliation, the landlords and indigo planters tried to contain Dudu Miyan by instituting false cases against him.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Muin-ud-Din Ahmed |year=2012 |chapter=Faraizi Movement |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Faraizi_Movement |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> However, he became so popular with the peasantry that in the cases, courts seldom found a witness against Dudu Miyan.


The initial victories of Dudu Miyan captured the imagination of the masses and Haji sahib the greta sought Dudu Miyan's protection against the oppressive landlords.
The initial victories of Dudu Miyan captured the imagination of the masses and Haji sahib the great sought Dudu Miyan's protection against the oppressive landlords.


Dudu Miyan died in 1862 and before his death he had appointed a board of guardians to look after his minor sons, Ghiyasuddin Haydar and Abdul Gafur alias Naya Miyan who succeeded him successively. The board, with great difficulty, kept the dwindling movement from falling to pieces. It was not until Naya Miyan attained maturity that it regained some of its lost strength. Nabinchandra Sen, the then sub-divisional officer of [[Madaripur District]], thought it prudent to enter into an alliance of mutual help with the Faraizi leaders, who, in their turn, showed a spirit of co-operation towards the government.<ref name=":0" />
Dudu Miyan died in 1862 and before his death he had appointed a board of guardians to look after his minor sons, Ghiyasuddin Haydar and Abdul Gafur alias Naya Miyan who succeeded him successively. The board, with great difficulty, kept the dwindling movement from falling to pieces. It was not until Naya Miyan attained maturity that it regained some of its lost strength. Nabinchandra Sen, the then sub-divisional officer of [[Madaripur District]], thought it prudent to enter into an alliance of mutual help with the Faraizi leaders, who, in their turn, showed a spirit of co-operation towards the government.<ref name=":0" />
Line 41: Line 59:
On the death of Naya Miyan in 1884, the third and the youngest son of Dudu Miyan, Syeduddin Ahmad was acclaimed leader by the Faraizis. During this time, the conflict of the Faraizis with the Taiyunis, another reformist group reached the climax and religious debates between the two schools of thought had become a commonplace occurrence in [[East Bengal]]. He was bestowed with the title of ''Khan Bahadur'' by the government. In 1905, on the question of the [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|partition of Bengal]], he lent support to [[Nawab Salimullah]] in favour of partition, but he died in 1906.<ref name=":0" />
On the death of Naya Miyan in 1884, the third and the youngest son of Dudu Miyan, Syeduddin Ahmad was acclaimed leader by the Faraizis. During this time, the conflict of the Faraizis with the Taiyunis, another reformist group reached the climax and religious debates between the two schools of thought had become a commonplace occurrence in [[East Bengal]]. He was bestowed with the title of ''Khan Bahadur'' by the government. In 1905, on the question of the [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|partition of Bengal]], he lent support to [[Nawab Salimullah]] in favour of partition, but he died in 1906.<ref name=":0" />


Khan Bahadur Syeduddin was succeeded by his eldest son Rashiduddin Ahmad alias Badshah Miyan. During the early years of his leadership, Badshah Miyan maintained the policy of co-operation towards the government. However, the annulment of the partition of Bengal made him anti-British and he took part in the Khilafat and non-co-operation movements. Soon after the establishment of [[Pakistan]] he summoned a conference of the Faraizis at Narayanganj and declared Pakistan as ''Dar-ul-Islam'' and gave permission to his followers to hold the congregational prayers of ''Jum'ah'' and ''Eid''.<ref name=":0" />
Khan Bahadur Syeduddin was succeeded by his eldest son Rashiduddin Ahmad alias [[Badshah Miyan]]. During the early years of his leadership, Badshah Miyan maintained the policy of co-operation towards the government. However, the annulment of the partition of Bengal made him anti-British and he took part in the Khilafat and non-co-operation movements. Soon after the establishment of Pakistan he summoned a conference of the Faraizis at Narayanganj and declared Pakistan as ''Dar-ul-Islam'' and gave permission to his followers to hold the congregational prayers of ''Jum'ah'' and ''Eid''.<ref name=":0" />


===List of leaders===
===List of leaders===
Line 48: Line 66:
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=7% | Term
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=7% | Term
|-
|-
|align="center"|''[[Haji Shariatullah|Ḥājī Sharīʿatullāh Taluqdar]]''<br><small>{{lang|ar|حاجي شريعت الله تعلقدار}}</small><br><small>{{lang|bn|হাজী শরীয়তুল্লাহ তালুকদার}}</small>
|align="center"|''[[Haji Shariatullah|Ḥājī Sharīʿatullāh Taʿluqdār]]''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|حاجي شريعة الله تعلقدار}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|হাজী শরীয়তুল্লাহ তালুকদার}}</small>
|align="center"|1818-1840
|align="center"|1818-1840
|-
|-
|align="center"|''[[Dudu Miyan|Muḥammad Muḥsin ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dudu Miyā]]''<br><small>{{lang|ar|محمد محسن الدين أحمد دودو میاں}}</small><br><small>{{lang|bn|মুহম্মদ মুহসিনউদ্দীন আহমদ দুদু মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|''[[Dudu Miyan|Muḥammad Muḥsin ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dudu Miyān]]''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|محمد محسن الدين أحمد دودو میاں}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|মুহম্মদ মুহসিনউদ্দীন আহমদ দুদু মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|1840-1862
|align="center"|1840-1862
|-
|-
|align="center"|''ʿAbd al-Ghafūr Nayā Miyā''<br><small>{{lang|ar|عبد الغفور نیا میاں}}</small><br><small>{{lang|bn|আব্দুল গফূর ন​য়া মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|''Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Ḥaydar''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|غياث الدين حيدر}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|গিয়াসউদ্দীন হায়দর}}</small>
|align="center"|1862-1884
|align="center"|1862-1864
|-
|-
|align="center"|''Khān Bahādur Sayyid ad-Dīn Aḥmad''<br><small>{{lang|ar|خان بهادر سید الدین أحمد}}</small><br><small>{{lang|bn|খাঁন বাহাদুর সৈয়দউদ্দীন আহমদ}}</small>
|align="center"|''ʿAbd al-Ghafūr Nayā Miyān''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|عبد الغفور نیا میاں}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|আব্দুল গফূর নয়া মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|1864-1884
|-
|align="center"|''Khān Bahādur Saʿīd ad-Dīn Aḥmad''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|خان بهادر سعيد الدین أحمد}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|খাঁন বাহাদুর সাঈদউদ্দীন আহমদ}}</small>
|align="center"|1884-1906
|align="center"|1884-1906
|-
|-
|align="center"|''Rashīd ad-Dīn Aḥmad Bādshāh Miyā''<br><small>{{lang|ar|رشید الدین أحمد بادشاہ میاں}}</small><br><small>{{lang|bn|রশীদউদ্দীন আহমদ বাদশাহ মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|''[[Awa Khaled Rashid Uddin Ahmad|Abū Khālid Rashīd ad-Dīn Aḥmad Bādshāh Miyā]]''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|أبو خالد رشید الدین أحمد بادشاہ میاں}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|আবু খালেদ রশীদউদ্দীন আহমদ বাদশাহ মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|1906-1947
|align="center"|1906-1959
|-
|align="center"|''[[Abul Hafez Mohsen Uddin Ahmad|Muḥsin ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dudu Miyān II]]''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|محسن الدين أحمد دودو میاں الثاني}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|দোসরা মুহসিনউদ্দীন আহমদ দুদু মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|1959-1997
|-
|align="center"|''Muḥi ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dādan Miyān''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|محي الدين أحمد دادان میاں}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|মুহিউদ্দীন আহমদ দাদন মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|1997-2005
|-
|align="center"|''Mayeen ad-Dīn Aḥmad Zubayr Miyān''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|معين الدين أحمد زبير میاں}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|মঈনউদ্দীন আহমদ জুবায়ের মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|2005-2012
|-
|align="center"|''Abd Allāh Muḥammad Ḥasan Miyān''<br /><small>{{lang|ar|عبدالله محمد حسن میاں}}</small><br /><small>{{lang|bn|আব্দুল্লাহ মুহাম্মদ হাসান মিঞা}}</small>
|align="center"|2012–present
|-
|-
|}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala]]
* [[Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala]]


==References==
==References==
Line 73: Line 106:
== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031130153025/http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A022&Pg=1 Faraizi Movement 1830–57] at Storyofpakistan.com


[[Category:Islamism in India]]
[[Category:Islamism in India]]

Latest revision as of 17:31, 19 November 2025



Faraizi Movement
ফরাজী আন্দোলন
LeaderHaji Shariatullah (founder)
Dudu Miyan (successor)
Foundation1818
Dissolvedc. 1900s (merged into other reformist/anti-colonial movements)
HeadquartersFaridpur, Bengal Presidency, British India
Active regionsBengal region
IdeologyIslamic revivalism
Anti-colonialism
Jihadism
Islamic fundamentalism
Islamism
Reformism
Bengali nationalism
Anti-British sentiment
StatusDefunct
SizeTens of thousands of followers (at its peak)
AlliesFile:Flag of Taliban.svg Deobandi rebels
Titumir's Forces
Opponents British Raj
Battles and warsFaraizi uprisings
Succeeded by
Indian independence movement factions
Haji Shariatullah

Template:Islam in Bangladesh The Faraizi movement (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) was an Islamic revivalist, Reformist Militant movement led by Haji Shariatullah in Eastern Bengal to encourage Muslims to give up un-Islamic practices and act upon their duties as Muslims (farāʾiḍ).[1] Founded in 1818, the movement protected the rights of tenants to a great extent.

Views[edit | edit source]

The Faraizis adhered to the Hanafi school with certain differences in practices.

  • Tawbah i.e. to be penitent for past sins as a measure for the purification of soul.
  • To observe strictly the obligatory duties of Faraiz.
  • Strict adherence to Tawhid
  • India being Dar al Harb, Friday prayers and Eid prayers were not obligatory.
  • Denouncing all cultural rites and ceremonies, which had no reference to the Quran and Sunnah, as bidah or sinful innovations.[2]

The leader of the Faraizis was called Ustad or teacher, and his disciples shaagird or students (protégé), instead of using the terms like pir and murid. A person so initiated into the Faraizi fold was called Tawbar Muslim or Mumin.[2] It was a religious revivalist movement founded in rural areas of East Bengal. It was initially peaceful but later turned violent. The basic aim was to discard un Islamic practices. Its epicentre was in Faridpur.

Social reform[edit | edit source]

The Faraizi movement was widely taken up in the areas of greater Dhaka, Barisal, and Comilla.[1]

The landlords levied numerous abwabs (plural form of the Arabic term bab, signifying a door, a section, a chapter, a title). During Mughal India, all temporary and conditional taxes and impositions levied by the government over and above regular taxes were referred to as abwabs. More explicitly, abwab stood for all irregular impositions on Raiyats above the established assessment of land in the Pargana. Such abwabs were horribly dishonest in the eye of law. Several abwabs were of a religious nature. Haji Shariatullah then intervened to object to such a practice and commanded his disciples not to pay these dishonest cesses to the landlords. The landlords even inflicted a ban on the slaughter of cows, especially on the occasion of Eid. The Faraizis ordained their peasant followers not to obey such a ban. All these heated instances added up to tensed and stressed relationships amongst the Faraizis and the landlords, who were all Hindus.[2][citation needed]

The Islamic-led Faraizi movement could be witnessed in various parts of Bengal, with overwhelming Anglo-Bangla agreement for perhaps the very first time. The outraged landlords built up a propaganda campaign with the British officials, incriminating the Faraizis with a mutinous mood. In 1837, these Hindu landlords indicted Haji Shariatullah of attempting to build up a kingdom of his own. They also brought several lawsuits against the Faraizis, in which they benefitted dynamic co-operation of the European indigo planters. Shariatullah was placed under the detention of the police in more than one instance, for purportedly inciting agrarian turbulence in Faridpur.[2][additional citation(s) needed]

Resistance to Colonialism[edit | edit source]

After the death of Haji Shariatullah, his son, Dudu Miyan, led the movement to a more agrarian character. He organised the oppressed peasantry against the oppressive landlords. In retaliation, the landlords and indigo planters tried to contain Dudu Miyan by instituting false cases against him.[2] However, he became so popular with the peasantry that in the cases, courts seldom found a witness against Dudu Miyan.

The initial victories of Dudu Miyan captured the imagination of the masses and Haji sahib the great sought Dudu Miyan's protection against the oppressive landlords.

Dudu Miyan died in 1862 and before his death he had appointed a board of guardians to look after his minor sons, Ghiyasuddin Haydar and Abdul Gafur alias Naya Miyan who succeeded him successively. The board, with great difficulty, kept the dwindling movement from falling to pieces. It was not until Naya Miyan attained maturity that it regained some of its lost strength. Nabinchandra Sen, the then sub-divisional officer of Madaripur District, thought it prudent to enter into an alliance of mutual help with the Faraizi leaders, who, in their turn, showed a spirit of co-operation towards the government.[2]

On the death of Naya Miyan in 1884, the third and the youngest son of Dudu Miyan, Syeduddin Ahmad was acclaimed leader by the Faraizis. During this time, the conflict of the Faraizis with the Taiyunis, another reformist group reached the climax and religious debates between the two schools of thought had become a commonplace occurrence in East Bengal. He was bestowed with the title of Khan Bahadur by the government. In 1905, on the question of the partition of Bengal, he lent support to Nawab Salimullah in favour of partition, but he died in 1906.[2]

Khan Bahadur Syeduddin was succeeded by his eldest son Rashiduddin Ahmad alias Badshah Miyan. During the early years of his leadership, Badshah Miyan maintained the policy of co-operation towards the government. However, the annulment of the partition of Bengal made him anti-British and he took part in the Khilafat and non-co-operation movements. Soon after the establishment of Pakistan he summoned a conference of the Faraizis at Narayanganj and declared Pakistan as Dar-ul-Islam and gave permission to his followers to hold the congregational prayers of Jum'ah and Eid.[2]

List of leaders[edit | edit source]

Name Term
Ḥājī Sharīʿatullāh Taʿluqdār
حاجي شريعة الله تعلقدار
হাজী শরীয়তুল্লাহ তালুকদার 		1818-1840
Muḥammad Muḥsin ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dudu Miyān
محمد محسن الدين أحمد دودو میاں
মুহম্মদ মুহসিনউদ্দীন আহমদ দুদু মিঞা 		1840-1862
Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Ḥaydar
غياث الدين حيدر
গিয়াসউদ্দীন হায়দর 		1862-1864
ʿAbd al-Ghafūr Nayā Miyān
عبد الغفور نیا میاں
আব্দুল গফূর নয়া মিঞা 		1864-1884
Khān Bahādur Saʿīd ad-Dīn Aḥmad
خان بهادر سعيد الدین أحمد
খাঁন বাহাদুর সাঈদউদ্দীন আহমদ 		1884-1906
Abū Khālid Rashīd ad-Dīn Aḥmad Bādshāh Miyā
أبو خالد رشید الدین أحمد بادشاہ میاں
আবু খালেদ রশীদউদ্দীন আহমদ বাদশাহ মিঞা 		1906-1959
Muḥsin ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dudu Miyān II
محسن الدين أحمد دودو میاں الثاني
দোসরা মুহসিনউদ্দীন আহমদ দুদু মিঞা 		1959-1997
Muḥi ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dādan Miyān
محي الدين أحمد دادان میاں
মুহিউদ্দীন আহমদ দাদন মিঞা 		1997-2005
Mayeen ad-Dīn Aḥmad Zubayr Miyān
معين الدين أحمد زبير میاں
মঈনউদ্দীন আহমদ জুবায়ের মিঞা 		2005-2012
Abd Allāh Muḥammad Ḥasan Miyān
عبدالله محمد حسن میاں
আব্দুল্লাহ মুহাম্মদ হাসান মিঞা 		2012–present

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Khan, Muin-ud-Din Ahmad (2012). "Shariatullah, Haji". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Khan, Muin-ud-Din Ahmed (2012). "Faraizi Movement". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

External links[edit | edit source]

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