Chandravarman II (Chandel ruler): Difference between revisions

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 ==Life==
-After becoming king, In 833 AD, on the side of the Pratiharas, he attacked [[Baghdad]], the capital of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of Arabia, destroyed it and killed 7 of their generals and burnt the palace, while there Caliph [[al-Mu'tasim]] hid somewhere out of fear. The 954 CE inscription states that he had conquered many enemies, and that other princes feared and obeyed him. It also states that he was "shaped like the god of love", and "playfully decorated the faces of the women of the quarters with the sandal of his fame".{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|pp=25-26}} The inscription also praises him using vague phrases, such as  "a touchstone to test the worth of the gold of the regal order".{{sfn|Mitra|1977|p=27}} The 1002 CE inscription describes him as the Sun and the pearl-jewel of his family. It compares his archery skills to that of the legendary hero [[Arjuna]]. It praises his modesty and generosity, and calls him the "delight of his subjects".{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}}
+Nannukavarman or Chandravarman I's full name was Shrimat Chandravarman Dev Chandel (II)(Different from the early [[Chandravarman I (Chandel ruler)|Chandravarman I]]), he was initially a feudatory king of the Pratiharas. His father's name was Mahendravarman II (Different from the early [[Mahendravarman I (Chandel ruler)|Mahendravarman I]]) and mother's name was Indrani Devi Chandel, who was an Ikshvaku dynasty princess before marriage. Chandravarman II's beruda was Nannuka Varman Dev. Chandravarman II was married to Raghuvanshi Rajput princess Aranya Devi. The inscription also praises him using vague phrases, such as  "a touchstone to test the worth of the gold of the regal order".{{sfn|Mitra|1977|p=27}} The inscription describes him as the Sun and the pearl-jewel of his family. It compares his archery skills to that of the legendary hero [[Arjuna]]. It praises his modesty and generosity, and calls him the "delight of his subjects".{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}}
+==Military campaign==
+===Gonds===
+After becoming the king, Chandravarman II attacked Rajandas, the head of the emerging Gond power in the Vindhya region. The Gond chief had gathered Gonds from everywhere around. The number of Gonds in the war was 35,000 whereas Chandravarman II had included 10,000 Chandel Rajputs in his army. In this war, the Gond chief was killed by Chandravarman II. Chandravarman II's commander Uddhavarma Chandel killed Rajandas' deputy chief Laldas. About 30,000 Gonds were killed in this war and the Gonds were almost wiped out from the Gond area. The remaining Gond men were taken captive and made slaves. Pleased with this victory, Pratihar ruler Nagabhatta II appointed him the ruler of Gond region also.
+===Arab Caliphate==
+In 833 AD, ruler Nagabhatta II, assessing the warfare, archery and muscle power of King Chandravarman II, confidently sent him on his behalf to stop the invader army coming from Arabia (Aurva country) in the west. The Chandel army of 10,000 and Pratiharas of 7000 i.e. Rajput army of 17,000 was led by ruler Chandravarman II, while the number of Muslims was 80,000. In this battle, Chandravarman II killed the Yemeni (Muslim) commander, seeing which the Muslim army fled to their capital. Chandravarman II chased them and reached Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasi Caliphate. Then more troops and 6 commanders came out of the Muslim fort. A fierce battle took place in which those 6 Muslim generals were killed by Chandravarman II. In the war, the Muslims were helpless in front of the might of the Chandels and fled here and there, leaving their Caliph. On the orders of Chandravarman II, the Chandels and Pratiharas destroyed his capital and burnt his palace. Caliph [[al-Mu'tasim]] went into hiding out of fear of Chandravarman II. Due to this victory, the fear of Chandravarman II spread among many princes of India, everyone became afraid of him. Chandravarman II returned after a few years and attacked the Pratiharas and conquered the Pratihara branch of [[Mau]] Sahaniya and [[Jhansi]] Guna from [[Antaravedi]] and brought them under his control.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}} After this, he very quickly conquered his enemies in the Vindhya and Mithila regions. Due to these victories, other princes obeyed him out of fear. The 954 CE inscription states that he had conquered many enemies, and that other princes feared and obeyed him. It also states that he was "shaped like the god of love", and "playfully decorated the faces of the women of the quarters with the sandal of his fame". His wife Aranya Devi was very happy with his fame. After returning to Mahoba after these campaigns, he playfully decorated his wife's faces like the god of love.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|pp=25-26}}
-The epigraphic records do not mention the circumstances in which the Chandel kingdom was established.{{sfn|Mitra|1977|p=27}} The titles given to Nannuka in the Chandel records include ''nṛpa'', ''narpati'' and ''mahīpati''. These are not very high titles, and therefore some modern historians believe that he was only a small feudatory ruler.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}} According to the local tradition of Bundelkhand, the Chandelas became rulers of that region after subduing the [[Pratiharas]]. Historian R. K. Dikshit notes that, in absence of any historical evidence, it is hard to believe that Nannuka defeated the imperial Pratiharas. He could have overthrown a local branch of the Pratiharas.{{sfn|Dikshit|1976|p=26}}
 [[Category:Chandelas of Jejakabhukti]]
 [[Category:9th-century Indian monarchs]]