Bhubaneswar: Difference between revisions

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}

 

| name               = Bhubaneswar

| other_name         = Ekamra-Kshetra, City of Temples

| settlement_type   = [[Metropolis]]

| image_skyline     = {{multiple image

| border                  = infobox

| total_width              = 300

| image_style              =  

| perrow                  = 1/2/2/2/1

| image1  = Bindusagar lake , Bhubaneswar.jpg

| alt1 = City scape of bhubaneswar

| caption1 = Cityscape of Bhubaneswar with [[Bindusagar Lake]]

| image_alt         =  

| nicknames         = Sports Capital of India <br /> Temple City of India <br /> Startup Hub of [[East India]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestartupjournal.com/bhubaneswar-startup-hub/ |title=This is Why Bhubaneswar is the Next Emerging Startup Destination of India – the Startup Journal |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204151704/http://www.thestartupjournal.com/bhubaneswar-startup-hub/ |archive-date=4 December 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

| map_alt           = Bhubaneswar, the Capital of Odisha

| map_caption       = Bhubaneswar, Odisha

| pushpin_map       = India Odisha#India#Asia

| pushpin_label_position   =  

| pushpin_map_alt         =  

| pushpin_map_caption     = Map showing Bhubaneswar in Odisha

| coordinates             = {{coord|20.27|N|85.84|E|region:IN-OR|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type         = Country

| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}

| subdivision_type1       = [[States of India|State]]

| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]]

| subdivision_name1       = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]

| subdivision_name2       = [[Khordha district|Khordha]]

| established_title       =  

| established_date         = 1948

| founder                 = [[Government of Odisha]]

| named_for               = [[Lord Shiva]]

| government_type         = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]

| governing_body           = [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation]] (BMC)

| leader_title             = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]

| leader_name             = [[Aparajita Sarangi]]

| leader_party             = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]

| leader_title1           = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Members of Legislative Assembly]]

| leader_name1             = Bhubaneswar Central : Shri Ananta Narayan Jena, [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]

| leader_title2           = [[Mayor]]

| leader_title3            = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]

| leader_name3            = Vijay Amruta Kulange, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]

| leader_title4            = [[Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate|Commissioner of Police]]

| leader_name4            = Saumendra Kumar Priyadarshi, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]

| leader_title5            = [[Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate|Deputy Commissioner of Police]]

| leader_name5            = Umashankar Dash, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]

| unit_pref               = Metric

| area_footnotes           = <ref name='Bhubaneswar City'>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/about/profile|title=:: Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation|website=www.bmc.gov.in}}</ref>

| area_total_km2           = 186

| area_metro_km2           = 1110

| area_metro_footnotes     = <ref name='Bhubaneswar Info'>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in/know-bhubaneswar|title=BSCL :: Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited|website=www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orissalinks.com/orissagrowth/archives/4452|title=___________ » Blog Archive » Bhubaneswar development plan area expands to 1000 sq km.}}</ref>

| area_rank               =  

| elevation_footnotes     =  

| elevation_m             = 45

<!-- Population, demographics -->| population_footnotes     = <ref name="census of Khorda" />

| population_total         = 837,321

| population_as_of         = 2011

| population_density_km2   = auto

| population_blank1_footnotes = <ref name='Bhubaneswar Info' /><ref name="UNcities2016" /><ref name="census of Khorda">{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-odisha.php?cityid=2141702000|title=BBSR (India): Union Territory, Major Agglomerations & Towns – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|work=City Population|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>

| population_blank1_title = [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]

| population_blank1       = 1,300,000 ([[List of metropolitan areas in India|60th]])

| population_demonym       =  

Bhubaneswarites<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://smartcity.eletsonline.com/bhubaneswarites-seek-better-urban-mobility/ |title=Bhubaneswarites seek better urban mobility |date=15 October 2015 |access-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221134729/https://smartcity.eletsonline.com/bhubaneswarites-seek-better-urban-mobility/ |archive-date=21 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />

Bhubaneswariya<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/amme-bhubaneswariya-goes-viral-on-net.html |title='Amme Bhubaneswariya' goes viral on net |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172200/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/amme-bhubaneswariya-goes-viral-on-net.html |archive-date=29 December 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

| demographics_type1       = Languages

| demographics1_title1     = Official

| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| utc_offset1             = +5:30

| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]

| postal_code             = 751xxx, 752xxx, 754xxx

| area_code               = 0674, 06752

| area_code_type           = Telephone code

| registration_plate       = OD-02 (South Bhubaneswar) <br /> OD-33 (North Bhubaneswar)

| blank_name_sec1         = [[UN/LOCODE]]

| blank_info_sec1         = IN BBI

| website                 = {{URL|http://www.bhubaneswar.me/|}} <br /> {{URL|https://www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in/|}} <br /> {{URL|https://www.bmc.gov.in/|}}

| footnotes               =  

| demographics1_info1     = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Indian English|English]]

| official_name           =  

'''Bhubaneswar''' ({{IPA-or|ˈbʱubɔneswɔɾɔ|lang|Or-ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର.wav}}) is the capital and largest city of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Odisha]], located in the [[Khordha district]]. The region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as ''Chakra Kshetra'' and ''Ekamra Kshetra'' (Area adorned with a mango tree).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=UNESCO World Heritage Centre – The Criteria for Selection|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020093453/http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-10-20|access-date=2020-12-06}}</ref> Bhubaneswar is dubbed the "Temple City", a [[nickname]] earned because of the 700 [[temple]]s which once stood there.<ref name="Ring Salkin Schellinger Boda 1994 p. 121">{{Cite book | last1=Ring | first1=T. | last2=Salkin | first2=R. M. | last3=Schellinger | first3=P.E. | last4=Boda | first4=S. L. | last5=Watson | first5=N. | last6=Berney | first6=K. A. | last7=Hudson | first7=C. | last8=Hast | first8=A. | last9=Kulling | first9=P. | title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania | publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn | series=International Dictionary of Historic Places | year=1994 | isbn=978-1-884964-04-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JqHPpNaZfNwC&pg=PA121 | access-date=31 October 2019 | page=121}}</ref><ref name="D 2014 p. 38">{{Cite book | last=D | first=S.C.B. | title=India the Land of Gods | publisher=Author Solutions| year=2014 | isbn=978-1-4828-3655-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKQOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 | access-date=31 October 2019 | page=38}}</ref> In contemporary times, it has emerged as an education hub<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-18|title=Bhubaneswar: Home to a bunch of reputed colleges and research institutes – The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/looking-east-rise-of-bhubaneswar-as-an-attractive-education-hub/articleshow/55913679.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818121851/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/looking-east-rise-of-bhubaneswar-as-an-attractive-education-hub/articleshow/55913679.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=2021-08-18|access-date=2021-08-18}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-18|title=India's emerging education hubs: A look at the best cities to study in – The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/indias-emerging-education-hubs-a-look-at-indias-best-cities-to-study-in/articleshow/55915163.cms?from=mdr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818122007/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/indias-emerging-education-hubs-a-look-at-indias-best-cities-to-study-in/articleshow/55915163.cms?from=mdr|url-status=dead|archive-date=2021-08-18|access-date=2021-08-18}}</ref> and an attractive business destination.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-18|title=India's Startups Are Moving Into Smaller, Second Tier Cities – Why The Sudden Shift?|website=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sindhujabalaji/2017/10/05/thanks-to-regional-rivalries-indias-startup-surge-is-spreading-across-the-country/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818122259/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sindhujabalaji/2017/10/05/thanks-to-regional-rivalries-indias-startup-surge-is-spreading-across-the-country/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2021-08-18|access-date=2021-08-18}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" />

Although the modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1948, the history of the areas in and around the present-day city can be traced to the 7th century BCE and earlier. It is a confluence of Hindu, [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and [[Jainism|Jain]] heritage and includes several [[Kalinga architecture|Kalingan temples]], many of them from 6th–13th century CE. With [[Puri]] and [[Konark]] it forms the "Swarna Tribhuja" ({{lit|Golden Triangle}}), one of Eastern India's most visited destinations.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Memory of a Stream: Gandhabati, Sacred Cultural Landscape of Ekamara Kshetra (Bhubaneswar)|last=Das|first=Piyush|publisher=Copal Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-9383419401|location=New Delhi|page=42}}</ref><ref name="R. P. Mohapatra, Page 47">[[Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra]], ''Archaeology in Orissa'', Vol I, Page 47, B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 1986, {{ISBN|81-7018-346-4}}.</ref>

Bhubaneswar replaced [[Cuttack]] as the capital on 19 August 1949, two years after [[India]] gained its [[Partition of India|independence]] from Britain. The modern city was designed by the German architect [[Otto Königsberger]] in 1946. Along with [[Jamshedpur]] and [[Chandigarh]], it was one of modern India's first planned cities.<ref name="census of Khorda2">BBSR Metropolitan/City Population section of {{Cite web|title=BBSR Population Sex Ratio in BBSR Literacy rate BBSR |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2117_PART_B_DCHB_KHORDHA.pdf|website=[[2011 Census of India]]}}</ref> Bhubaneswar and [[Cuttack]] are often referred to as the 'twin cities of Odisha'. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities had a population of 1.7 million in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf |title=Preface of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex |access-date=3 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207230753/http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Bhubaneswar metro area has a population of around a million people, and is categorised as a [[Classification of Indian cities|Tier-2]] city.<ref name="UNcities2016">{{Cite web|title=The World's Cities in 2016|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|publisher=[[United Nations]]|access-date=19 December 2019|page=4|date=October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112211410/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|archive-date=12 January 2017}}</ref> Bhubaneswar and [[Rourkela]] are the two cities in smart city mission from Odisha.

''Bhubaneswar'' is the anglicisation of the actual [[Odia language|Odia]] name "Bhubaneśwara"(ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), derived from the word ''Tribhubaneśwara'' (ତ୍ରିଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), which literally means the Lord (Iśwara) of the Three Worlds (Tribhubana), which in this context refers to [[Shiva]].<ref name=":0" />

== History ==

Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of [[Sisupalgarh]], the ancient capital of the erstwhile province of Kalinga. [[Dhauli]], near Bhubaneswar was the site of the [[Kalinga War]] ({{circa|262}}-261 BCE), in which the [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan]] emperor [[Ashoka]] invaded and annexed [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]].<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005">{{Cite book |author1=Nab Kishore Behura |author2=Ramesh P. Mohanty |title=Urbanisation, Street Children, and Their Problems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXWRIYPkVEoC&pg=PA17 |year=2005 |publisher=Discovery |isbn=978-81-7141-924-1 |pages=17–21 |access-date=14 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223225525/https://books.google.com/books?id=BXWRIYPkVEoC&pg=PA17 |archive-date=23 December 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref> One of the most complete [[Edicts of Ashoka|edicts]] of the [[Mauryan]] Emperor, [[Ashoka]], dating from between 272 and 236 BCE, remains carved in rock, {{convert|8|km|mi}} to the southwest of the modern city.<ref>''History, Religion and Culture of India''. P.180. S. Gajrani</ref> After the decline of the Mauryan empire, the area came under the rule of [[Mahameghavahana dynasty]], whose most well-known ruler is [[Kharavela]]. His [[Hathigumpha inscription]] is located at the [[Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves]] near Bhubaneswar. The area was subsequently ruled by several dynasties, including [[Satavahana]]s, [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]], [[Mathara dynasty|Matharas]], and [[Shailodbhava dynasty|Shailodbhavas]].<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" />

In the 7th century, [[Somavaṃśī dynasty|Somavamshi]] or Keshari dynasty established their kingdom in the area, and constructed a number of temples. After the Kesharis, the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]] ruled Kalinga area until the 14th century CE. Their capital Kalinganagara was located in present-day Bhubaneswar City. After them, Mukunda Deva of the Bhoi dynasty – the last Hindu ruler of the area until the Marathas – developed several religious buildings in the area.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" /> Most of the older temples in Bhubaneswar were built between 8th and 12th centuries, under [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] influence.<ref name="Fergusson pp. 92–116">{{Cite book | last=Fergusson | first=James | editor-first1=James | editor-first2=Richard Phene | editor-last1=Burgess | editor-last2=Spiers | title=History of Indian and Eastern Architecture | chapter=ORISSA | year=2013 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | publication-place=Cambridge | doi=10.1017/cbo9781139814638.007 | pages=92–116 | isbn=978-1-139-81463-8 |quote="The oldest temple in the town of Bhuvancrwar is probably that called Pararuramejwar (Woodcut No. 312), which, from the termination of the name, as well as the Linga in the cella, and subjects portrayed in the three principal niches of the tower, mark it as a Saiva shrine. "}}</ref> The [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]] is the only old temple of [[Vishnu]] in the city.<ref>''Bengal District Gazetteer: Puri''. P.242. L.S.S. O'Malley</ref> In 1568, the [[Karrani dynasty]] of Afghan origin gained control of the area. During their reign, most of the temples and other structures were destroyed or disfigured.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" />

In the 16th century, the area came under pachamani [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] control. The [[Maratha confederacy|Marathas]], who succeeded the Mughals in the mid-18th century, encouraged pilgrimage in the region. In 1803, the area came under [[British India|British]] colonial rule, and was part of the [[Bengal Presidency]] (until 1912), [[Bihar and Orissa Province]] (1912–1936) and [[Orissa Province]] (1936–1947).<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" /> The capital of the British-ruled Orissa Province was [[Cuttack]], which was vulnerabile to floods and suffered from space constraints. Because of this, on 30 September 1946, a proposal to move the capital to a new capital was introduced in the Legislative Assembly of the Odisha Province. After independence of India, the foundation of the new capital was laid by Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] on 13 April 1948.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" />

The name of the new capital came from "Tribhubaneswara" or "Bhubaneswara" (literally "Lord of the Earth"), a name of [[Shiva]], the deity of the [[Lingaraja temple]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kalia |first=Ravi |title=Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA2 |year=1994 |publisher=SIU Press |isbn=978-0-8093-1876-6 |page=3 |access-date=15 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610125211/https://books.google.ca/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA2 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The Legislative Assembly of [[Odisha, India|Odisha]] was shifted from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar in 1949.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" /> Bhubaneswar was built as a modern city, designed by German architect [[Otto Königsberger]] with wide roads, gardens and parks.<ref name=vision2030 /> Though part of the city followed the plan, it grew rapidly over the next few decades, outstripping the planning process.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/rppe/2006/00000021/00000002/art00002 |title=Modernism, modernization and post‐colonial India: a reflective essay |author=Kalia, Ravi |journal=Planning Perspectives |year=2006 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=133–156 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.1080/02665430600555289 |s2cid=143394919 |access-date=6 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001235743/http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/rppe/2006/00000021/00000002/art00002 |archive-date=1 October 2007 |url-status=live  }}</ref> According to the first census of independent India, taken in 1951, the city's population was just 16,512. From 1952 to 1979, it was administered by a [[Notified Area Council]] or a ''nagar panchayat''; a [[municipality]] was established only on 12 March 1979. By the 1991 census, the population of Bhubaneswar had increased to 411,542. Accordingly, on 14 August 1994, the [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation]] was established.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" />

== Geography ==

Bhubaneswar is in [[Khordha district]] of [[Odisha]].<ref name="ARIMAKHORDHA2018">{{Cite book |last1=Swain|display-authors=et al |first1=S |title=Recent Findings in Intelligent Computing Techniques |chapter=Development of an ARIMA Model for Monthly Rainfall Forecasting over Khordha District, Odisha, India |journal=Recent Findings in Intelligent Computing Techniques (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing) |volume=708 |pages=325–331 |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-8636-6_34 |series=Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing |year=2018 |publisher=Springer |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-10-8635-9 }}</ref> It is in the [[eastern coastal plains]], along the axis of the [[Eastern Ghats]] mountains.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> The city has an average altitude of {{convert|45|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]].<ref name=cdpbbsr>{{Cite web|title=City Development Plan: Bhubaneswar|url=http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/bhubneshwar_Main_Report.pdf|publisher=JNNURM, Government of India|access-date=14 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816061449/http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/bhubneshwar_Main_Report.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It lies southwest of the [[Mahanadi River]] that forms the northern boundary of Bhubaneswar metropolitan area, within its [[Mahanadi River Delta|delta]].

The city is bounded by the [[Daya River]] to the south and the [[Kuakhai River]] to the east;<ref name=cdpbbsr /> the [[Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary]] and [[Nandankanan Zoo]] lie in the western and northern parts of Bhubaneswar, respectively.<ref name=vision2030>{{Cite web|title=Perspective Plan&nbsp;– VISION 2030 and Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar&nbsp;– Cuttack Urban Complex: A Concept Paper |url=http://urbanorissa.gov.in/pdf/vision/concept_paper.pdf |publisher=Urban Development Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=14 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202110235/http://urbanorissa.gov.in/pdf/vision/concept_paper.pdf |archive-date=2 December 2012 }}</ref>

Bhubaneswar is topographically divided into western uplands and eastern lowlands, with hillocks in the western and northern parts.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> [[Kanjia lake]] on the northern outskirts, affords rich [[biodiversity]] and is a [[wetland]] of national importance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kanjia lake outlet faces threat of being clogged|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/article252862.ece|access-date=14 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108051819/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/article252862.ece|archive-date=8 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhubaneswar's soils are 65 per cent [[laterite]], 25 per cent [[alluvial]] and 10 per cent [[sandstone]].<ref name=disaster>{{Cite web|title=Mainstreaming institutionalization of disaster risk reduction |url=http://unisdr-apps.net/confluence/download/attachments/9994280/isdr_bbsr_report_25.02.2011.pdf?version=1 |publisher=Local Governance Network |access-date=14 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304171445/http://unisdr-apps.net/confluence/download/attachments/9994280/isdr_bbsr_report_25.02.2011.pdf?version=1 |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> The [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] places the city inside [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India|seismic zone III]] on a scale ranging from {{Nowrap|I to V}} in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes.<ref name=hazardprofile>{{Cite web|url=http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf|title=Hazard profiles of Indian districts|access-date=23 August 2006|work=National Capacity Building Project in Disaster Management |publisher=[[UNDP]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519100611/http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2006}}</ref> The [[United Nations Development Programme]] reports that there is "very high damage risk" from winds and [[cyclone]]s.<ref name=hazardprofile /> The [[1999 Odisha cyclone]] caused major damage to buildings, the city's infrastructure and cost many human lives.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldenberg|first=Suzanne|title=Cyclone kills hundreds in India|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/01/naturaldisasters.weather1|access-date=14 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=1 November 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824023116/http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/01/naturaldisasters.weather1|archive-date=24 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Floods and waterlogging in the low-lying areas have become common due to unplanned growth.<ref name=disaster /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Incessant rain inundates Bhubaneswar, Cuttack|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-20/bhubaneswar/29794248_1_water-logging-heavy-rain-incessant-rain|access-date=14 December 2012|date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617035151/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-20/bhubaneswar/29794248_1_water-logging-heavy-rain-incessant-rain|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Urban structure ===

The [[Bhubaneswar Development Authority|Bhubaneswar urban development area]] consists of the [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation]] area, 173 revenue villages and two other municipalities spread over {{convert|1110|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name='Bhubaneswar Info' /><ref name=bdasnap>{{Cite web|title=BDA Snapshot |url=http://bdabbsr.in/bdasnapshot.pdf |publisher=Bhubaneswar Development Authority |access-date=26 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123014345/http://bdabbsr.in/bdasnapshot.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2013 }}</ref> The area under the jurisdiction of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation covers {{convert|186|sqkm}}.<ref name='Bhubaneswar City' /> The city is somewhat [[dumbbell]]-shaped with most of the growth taking place to the north, northeast and southwest.<ref name=citystructure>{{Cite web|title=City Structure |url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/forest&environment/pdf/Chap_3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124060124/http://www.odisha.gov.in/forest%26environment/pdf/Chap_3.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2014 |work=Environmental Management Plan for Bhubaneswar |publisher=Forest and Environment Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=26 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The north–south axis of the city is widest, at roughly {{convert|22.5|km|mi}}. Growth in the east is restricted due to the presence of [[Kuakhai River]] and by the wildlife sanctuary in the northwestern part.<ref name=citystructure /> The city can be broadly divided into the old town, planned city (or state capital), added areas and into Units and Colonies.

The old town or "Temple Town", the oldest part of the city, is characterised by many temples, including the [[Lingaraja temple|Lingaraja]], [[Nilakantha Siva Temple|Nilakantha Siva]], [[Rajarani Temple|Rajarani]] and [[Muktesvara deula|Muktesvara temples]], standing alongside residential areas. Additional structures include the [[Somabaresvara Siva Temple]] and the [[Kartikesvara Siva Temple]]. The area is congested, with narrow roads and poor infrastructure.<ref name=citystructure /> Among neighbourhoods in the old town are Rajarani Colony, Pandaba Nagar, Brahmeswara Bagh, Lingaraja Nagar, Gouri Nagar, Bhimatangi, Kapilaprasad and Sundarpada.

The planned city was designed in 1948 to house the capital. It is subdivided into units, each with a high school, shopping centres, dispensaries and play areas. While most of the units house government employees, Unit V houses the administrative buildings, including the State Secretariat, State Assembly and the Raj Bhavan. Private residential areas were later built in other areas of the planned city, including [[Saheed Nagar]] and Satya Nagar. Unit I, popularly known as the Market Building, was formed to cater to the shopping needs of the new capital's residents. Later, markets and commercial establishments developed along the [[Janpath, Bhubaneswar|Janpath]] and [[Cuttack-Puri Road]] at [[Saheed Nagar]], Satya Nagar, Bapuji Nagar and Ashok Nagar. A dedicated institutional area houses educational and research institutes, including [[Utkal University]], the [[Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar|Institute of Physics]], the [[Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology]] and Sainik School. Indira Gandhi Park, Gandhi Park and the Biju Patnaik Park are located in the unit.<ref name=citystructure />

 

The peripheral areas are outside the municipal boundary or have subsequently been included within the extended boundary, including Tomando, Patia and Raghunathpur. Most of these areas were developed in a haphazard manner, without proper planning.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Praharaj|first=Maharani|title=Urban sprawl: Its impact on peri-urban areas of Bhubaneswar|url=http://dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/98402-urban-sprawl-its-impact-on-peri-urban-areas-of-bhubaneswar.html|access-date=22 December 2012|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=30 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703212324/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/98402-urban-sprawl-its-impact-on-peri-urban-areas-of-bhubaneswar.html|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The Master Planning Branch of the [[Bhubaneswar Development Authority]] developed the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) in 2010.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=:: Bhubaneswar Development Authority|url=https://www.bda.gov.in/bda/departments/planning-department|access-date=2020-11-06|website=www.bda.gov.in}}</ref> According to the Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982, the Development Authority has control over the planning for municipal areas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982|url=http://lawodisha.gov.in/files/acts/act_604522165_1443019617.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Law Department, Government of Odisha}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Apart from the CDP, BDA has also created Zonal Development Plans for some of the areas under the CDP.<ref name=":3" /> Bhubaneswar secured the top rank in the [[Smart city]] list in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bhubaneswar ranked country's smartest city|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bhubaneswar-ranked-countrys-smartest-city/articleshow/50766312.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206163635/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bhubaneswar-ranked-countrys-smartest-city/articleshow/50766312.cms|archive-date=6 February 2016|access-date=11 March 2016|work=The Times of India|date=29 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wray|first=Sarah|title=Smart City Bhubaneswar: A Citizen-Centered Approach for Smart Growth|url=https://hub.beesmart.city/city-portraits/smart-city-portrait-bhubaneswar-india|access-date=2021-01-03|website=hub.beesmart.city|language=en}}</ref>

=== Climate ===

Bhubaneswar has a [[tropical savanna climate]], designated ''Aw'' under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. Temperatures in Bhubaneswar usually range from {{Convert|11 to 44|C|F}}. It experiences five primary seasons: winter (December to January), when temperatures can drop to {{Convert|11|C|F}}; spring (February); summer (March to May), when temperatures can reach {{Convert|44|C|F}} or higher; monsoon (June to October); and post-monsoon (November). The annual mean temperature is {{Convert|27.4|C|F|abbr=on|1}}; monthly mean temperatures are {{Convert|22|–|32|C|F|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name=weatherbase>{{Cite web | publisher=Canty and Associates LLC | url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=17924&refer=&cityname=Bhubaneswar-Orissa-India | title=Weatherbase entry for Bhubaneswar | access-date=14 December 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019080700/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=17924&refer=&cityname=Bhubaneswar-Orissa-India | archive-date=19 October 2013 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Summers (March to June) are hot and humid, with temperatures in the low 30s C; during dry spells, maximum temperatures often exceed {{Convert|40|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in May and June.<ref name=weatherbase /> Winter lasts for only about ten weeks, with seasonal lows dipping to {{Convert|15|–|18|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in December and January. May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from {{Convert|32|–|42|C|F|abbr=on|0}}. January, the coldest month, has temperatures varying from {{convert|15|–|28|C|F|abbr=on|0}}. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Bhubaneswar are {{Convert|46.7|C|F}} on 5 June 2012 and {{Convert|8.2|C|F}} on 30 December 2018.<ref name=IMDextremes /> The official weather station for the city is the [[Biju Patnaik Airport]]. Weather records here date back to 1 July 1948.

Rains brought by the [[Bay of Bengal]] branch of the [[Southwest monsoon|south west summer monsoon]]<ref name=monsoontribune>{{Cite news|last1=Khichar|first1=M. L.|last2=Niwas|first2=R.|date=14 July 2003|title=Know your monsoon|newspaper=The Tribune|location=Chandigarh, India|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030714/agro.htm#2|access-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618121810/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030714/agro.htm#2|archive-date=18 June 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> lash Bhubaneswar between June and September, supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of {{Convert|1657.8|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}. The highest monthly rainfall total, {{convert|374.6|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}, occurs in August.<ref name=IMDnormals />

| location = Bhubaneswar ([[Biju Patnaik International Airport]]) 1991–2020, extremes 1952–present

| Mar record high C = 44.2

| Apr record high C = 45.8

| Jan high C = 29.2

| Feb high C = 32.5

| Mar high C = 35.9

| Apr high C = 37.7

| May high C = 37.7

| Jun high C = 35.3

| Jul high C = 32.4

| Aug high C = 32.0

| Sep high C = 32.4

| Oct high C = 31.9

| Nov high C = 30.8

| year high C = 33.0

| Jan low C = 15.5

| Feb low C = 18.5

| Mar low C = 22.8

| Apr low C = 25.3

| May low C = 26.7

| Jun low C = 26.4

| Jul low C = 25.6

| Aug low C = 25.4

| Sep low C = 25.2

| Oct low C = 23.4

| Nov low C = 19.3

| Jan rain mm = 13.1

| Feb rain mm = 21.1

| Mar rain mm = 20.6

| Apr rain mm = 40.4

| May rain mm = 101.6

| Jun rain mm = 208.5

| Jul rain mm = 359.7

| Aug rain mm = 374.6

| Sep rain mm = 281.7

| Oct rain mm = 201.2

| Nov rain mm = 30.3

| Dec rain mm = 4.9

| year rain mm = 1657.8

| Feb rain days = 1.1

| Mar rain days = 1.4

| Apr rain days = 2.2

| May rain days = 4.5

| Jun rain days = 9.9

| Jul rain days = 15.0

| Aug rain days = 15.6

| Sep rain days = 12.7

| Oct rain days = 7.9

| Nov rain days = 1.5

| Dec rain days = 0.4

| year rain days = 73.0

| Jan humidity = 55

| Feb humidity = 52

| Mar humidity = 58

| Apr humidity = 64

| May humidity = 67

| Jun humidity = 75

| Jul humidity = 85

| Aug humidity = 86

| Sep humidity = 85

| Oct humidity = 80

| Nov humidity = 69

| Dec humidity = 60

| year humidity = 70

| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>{{Cite web

| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>{{Cite web

| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=Marchextremes>{{Cite web

| page = 65}}</ref>

| source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1971–1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{Cite web|url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IN/42971.TXT |title = Bhubaneshwar Climate Normals 1971–1990 |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = 24 December 2012}}</ref>

| date = May 2012

}}

== Economy ==

Bhubaneswar is an administrative, information technology, education and tourism city.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> Bhubaneswar was ranked as the best place to do business in [[India]] by the [[World Bank]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Bank report ranks Odisha's Bhubaneswar as best place to do business in India|url=http://raaproperties.in/world-bank-report-ranks-odishas-bhubaneswar-as-best-place-to-do-business-in-india/|publisher=RAA Properties|date=25 May 2014|access-date=9 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044226/http://raaproperties.in/world-bank-report-ranks-odishas-bhubaneswar-as-best-place-to-do-business-in-india/|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bhubaneswar has emerged as one of the fast-growing, important trading and commercial hub in the state and eastern India.<ref name=":6" /> Tourism is a major industry, attracting about 1.5 million tourists in 2011.<ref name=cdpbbsr /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistical Bulletin 2011–12|url=http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/pdf/Statistical%20Bulletin%202011-12.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821185244/http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/pdf/Statistical%20Bulletin%202011-12.pdf|archive-date=21 August 2014|publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha|access-date=27 December 2012}}</ref> Bhubaneswar was designed to be a largely residential city with outlying industrial areas. The economy had few major players until the 1990s and was dominated by retail and small-scale manufacturing. With the [[Economic liberalisation in India|economic liberalisation]] policy adopted by the [[Government of India]] in the 1990s, Bhubaneswar received investment in [[telecommunications]], information technology (IT) and higher education.<ref name=cdpbbsr />

 

 

As of 2001, around 2.15% of the city's workforce was employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]] (agriculture, forestry, mining, etc.); 2.18% worked in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] (industrial and manufacturing); and 95.67% worked in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] (service industries).<ref name="cdpbbsr" />

The Department of Industries established four industrial areas in and around Bhubaneswar, in the Rasulgarh, Mancheswar, Chandaka, and Bhagabanpur areas.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> Industrial sector in Bhubaneswar includes paper, steel, automobile, food, pharma and electronics industries. A large number of companies including [[Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation]], [[Bharat Biotech]], [[Topaz Solar Farm|Topaz Solar]], [[Britannia Industries]], SMS Group and [[Jockey International]] have there manufacturing plant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SMS group: Inauguration of new manufacturing and service workshop in Bhubaneswar, India {{!}} Press Detail {{!}} SMS group|url=https://www.sms-group.com/press-media/press-releases/press-detail/sms-group-inauguration-of-new-manufacturing-and-service-workshop-in-bhubaneswar-india-386|access-date=2022-01-19|website=www.sms-group.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiacsr.in/britannia-investment-of-rs-94-cr-to-create-additional-employment-to-450-people-in-odisha/ |title=Britannia investment of Rs. 94 Cr to create additional employment to 450 people in Odisha – India CSR Network |publisher=Indiacsr.in |date= 23 July 2021|accessdate=2022-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Solar module manufacturing plant near Bhubaneswar|url=http://www.smartcitybhubaneswar.com/NewsDescription.aspx?NewsID=8172Gover|access-date=2022-01-19|website=www.smartcitybhubaneswar.com}}</ref>

In 2009, Odisha was ranked ninth among Indian states in terms of software export by [[NASSCOM]], with most IT/ITES companies established in Bhubaneswar. In 2011–12, Odisha had a growth rate of 17% for software exports.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Software exports witness 17% growth at Rs 1,611 crore|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/81107-software-exports-witness-17-growth-at-rs-1611-crore.html|access-date=24 December 2012|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=16 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101081316/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/81107-software-exports-witness-17-growth-at-rs-1611-crore.html|archive-date=1 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a 2012 survey, among the tier-2 cities in India, Bhubaneswar has been chosen as the best for conducting IT/ITES business.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Behara|first=Nirmalya|title=Bhubaneswar, a preferred hub for IT and ITes, says survey|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bhubaneswarpreferred-hub-for-itites-says-survey/469246/|access-date=27 December 2012|newspaper=Business Standard|date=28 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330062105/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bhubaneswarpreferred-hub-for-itites-says-survey/469246/|archive-date=30 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The government fostered growth by developing of IT parks such as Infocity-1, Infovalley, [[STPI]]-Bhubaneswar and JSS STP.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dixit|first=Rakesh|title=The Software support|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/real-estate-in-bhubaneswar/1/226370.html|publisher=India Today|access-date=24 December 2012|date=26 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101085809/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/real-estate-in-bhubaneswar/1/226370.html|archive-date=1 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=itsector /> Infocity was conceived as a five-star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create infrastructure facilities for setting up information technology related industries. [[Infosys]] and [[Tech Mahindra]] have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996. Other software companies, firms and Multinational Companies include [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Wipro]], [[IBM]], [[Genpact]], [[Firstsource]], [[Mindtree]], [[MphasiS]], [[Ericsson]], [[Semtech]], [[Reliance Communications]], [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] , [[Bharti Airtel]], [[DLF (company)]], [[Capgemini]] and [[Deloitte]]. It also houses the headquarters of [[POSCO India]], a subsidiary of South Korean conglomerate [[POSCO]] and Govt. of India owned [[National Aluminium Company]](NALCO). Apart from the big multinationals, some 300 small and mid-size IT companies and business startups have offices in Bhubaneswar.<ref name=itsector>{{Cite web|title=IT Sector in Odisha|url=http://www.ocac.in/Download/IT_Scenario_Orissa.ppt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126182806/http://ocac.in/Download/IT_Scenario_Orissa.ppt |archive-date=26 November 2013 |publisher=[[Odisha Computer Application Centre]], Technical Directorate of Information Technology Department, Government of Odisha|access-date=27 December 2012}}</ref>

Lulu International Shopping Malls Private Limited plans to set up shopping malls, hypermarkets, agri sourcing and logistics hub with an investment of Rs 1,500 crore.<ref>https://www.logisticsandscm.com/business/dubais-lulu-group-to-invest-rs-1500-cr-in-odisha {{bare URL inline|date=June 2023}}</ref>

| source = <ref name="Census 1951-61">{{Cite book|title=Process of urban fringe development: A model|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buz5csyXFmwC|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=25|last=Gopi|first=K.N.|year=1978|access-date=6 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census Hyderabad">{{Cite web|title=Economy, population and urban sprawl a comparative study of urban agglomerations of Banglore and Hyderabad, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf|last1=Iyer|first1=Neelakantan Krishna|last2=Kulkarni|first2=Sumati|last3=Raghavaswam|first3=V.|page=21|date=13 June 2007|publisher=circed.org|access-date=10 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519132559/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="greater Hyderabad">{{Cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|page=11|year=2011|publisher=Government of India|access-date=10 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=7 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

| 1981 | 227525

| 1991 | 423465

| 2001 | 647302

| 2011 | 837737

}}

As per the [[2011 census of India]], Bhubaneswar had a population of 837,737, while the metropolitan area had a population of 881,988.<ref name="pop">{{Cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census of India, Government of India|access-date=2 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723151530/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> As per the estimate of [[IIT Kharagpur]], which made a development plan, the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban complex, consisting of {{convert|721.9|sqkm|sqmi}}, has a population of 1.9 million ({{As of|2008|lc=y}}).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comprehensive development plan for Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban Complex|url=http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf|publisher=Government of Odisha|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207230753/http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, the number of males was 445,233, while the number of females were 392,504. The decadal growth rate was 45.90 per cent.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}

=== Literacy ===

Effective male literacy was 95.69 per cent, while female literacy was 90.26 per cent. About 75,237 were under six. Bhubaneswar's [[literacy rate]] is 93.15 per cent<ref name=pop />—significantly higher than the national average of 74.04 per cent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final%20PPT%202011_chapter6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317231511/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final%20PPT%202011_chapter6.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2012 |title= State of literacy |access-date=29 April 2011|publisher= Directorate of Census, Government of India}}</ref>

=== Language ===

The main language spoken in the city is [[Odia language|Odia]]. However, [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] are understood by most residents. Although [[Odia people|Odias]] comprise the vast majority, migrants from other states like [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[West Bengal]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Jharkhand]] also dwell in the city. Growth in the information technology industry and education sector in Bhubaneswar changed the city's demographic profile; likely infrastructure strains and haphazard growth from demographic changes have been a cause of concern.

=== Religion ===

{{Pie chart|thumb=right|label5=Others{{ref label|naming|^|}}|color5=Yellow|color4=DarkBlue|color3=LightBlue|color2=Green|color1=DarkOrange|footer={{Note|naming}}Others includes Jain, Buddhists and not stated|label4=[[Sikhs]]|value1=95.24|label3=[[Christians]]|label2=[[Muslims]]|label1=[[Hindus]]|value5=0.43|value4=0.12|value3=0.92|value2=3.29|caption='''Religion in Bhubaneshwar'''}}

Bhubaneswar is a religiously diverse city. [[Hinduism|Hindus]] form the majority in the city with more than 95% of the total population, as of [[2011 Census of India]]. [[Muslims]] forms the second largest minority with 3.3% and [[Christians]] with 0.92%. There is also a significant minority population of [[Sikhs]], [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] and [[Jainism|Jains]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar City Population 2021 – Sex Ratio, Population Density, Literacy|url=https://www.indiacensus.net/city/bhubaneswar|access-date=2021-09-02|website=www.indiacensus.net|language=en-US}}</ref>

 

== Governance and politics ==

=== Civic administration ===

[[File:Krushi Bhavan Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|left|Krushi Bhavan building in Bhubaneswar.]]The [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) oversees and manages civic infrastructure for the city's 67 [[Ward (politics)|wards]].<ref name=profile>{{Cite web|title=BMC Profile|url=http://bmc.gov.in/BMCProfile.aspx|publisher=BMC|access-date=6 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503155431/http://bmc.gov.in/BMCProfile.aspx|archive-date=3 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as a Notified Area Committee in 1946 and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-02|title=Welcome to Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation|url=http://bmc.gov.in/Municipality.asp?lnk=1&PL=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102050542/http://bmc.gov.in/Municipality.asp?lnk=1&PL=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-02|access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref> Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 is the governing act.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003|url=http://lawodisha.gov.in/files/acts/act_1293905042_1443280135.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Law Department, Government of Odisha|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113075511/http://lawodisha.gov.in/files/acts/act_1293905042_1443280135.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Residents of each ward elect a corporator to the BMC for a five-year term. Standing committees handle urban planning and maintain roads, government-aided schools, hospitals and municipal markets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Standing Committees |url=http://bmc.gov.in/StandingCommittee.asp?lnk=1&PL=6 |publisher=BMC |access-date=20 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531010336/http://bmc.gov.in/StandingCommittee.asp?lnk=1&PL=6 |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>

The tenure of the last elected body ended in January 2019 and new elections have not taken place yet, because the High Court struck down the delimitation process that was carried out for exceeding 50% reservations of seats.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-16|title=Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation tenure ends today; govt may appoint administrator|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/bhubaneswar-municipal-corporation-tenure-ends-today-govt-may-appoint-administrator-347472|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Latest Odisha News, Breaking News Today {{!}} Top Updates on Corona – OTV English|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All eyes on Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation Mayor election|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bhubaneswar/2019/jun/16/all-eyes-on-bhubaneswar-municipal-corporation-mayor-election-1990826.html|access-date=2020-11-06|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Ward committees have been formed in Bhubaneswar and are very active.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urban Governance Study: Odisha|url=https://praja.org/praja_docs/praja_downloads/Urban%20Governance%20Report%20on%20Odisha.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Praja Foundation}}</ref> The Committees are responsible for issues such as public health, sanitation, street lighting and conservancy in their respective wards. There is no fixed number of members in the committees.

The processes for the municipal budget 2020–21 was initiated in February 2020, but it is unclear if they have continued after the lockdown was announced.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-26|title=In a first, BMC Budget likely to touch Rs 700 crore – OrissaPOST|url=https://www.orissapost.com/in-a-first-bmc-budget-likely-to-touch-rs-700-crore/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Odisha News, Odisha Latest news, Odisha Daily – OrissaPOST|language=en-US}}</ref> The budget for 2020–21 was supposed to be aroound Rs. 700, an increase of 51.8% from the 2019–20 budget. The increase was supposedly to fund the various socio-economic welfare schemes in the city. The key revenue sources for BMC are: Holding Taxes, tax from advertisements, rent from municipal properties such as markets, shopping complexes, and kalyan mandaps (marriage halls), fees and user charges, and grants from state and central governments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Budget for Year: 2019–20|url=https://cms.bhubaneswarone.in/uploadDocuments/content/Budget_2019-20.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation}}</ref>

Citizens of Bhubaneswar elect [[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|one representative]] to India's lower house, the [[Lok Sabha]], and three representatives to the state legislative assembly, through the constituencies of [[Bhubaneswar North (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Bhubaneswar North]], [[Ekamra-Bhubaneswar]], and [[Bhubaneswar Central (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Bhubaneswar Central]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maps of Newly Delimited Assembly Constituencies|url=http://ceoorissa.nic.in/acmap.html|publisher=State Election Commission, Government of Odisha|access-date=14 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125142200/http://ceoorissa.nic.in/acmap.html|archive-date=25 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Satapathy|first=Rajaram|title=Urban voters stay away from polls|url=http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=7&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIJ&mydateHid=03-05-2009&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Jaipur&edname=&articleid=Ar00701&publabel=TOI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030161654/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=7&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIJ&mydateHid=03-05-2009&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Jaipur&edname=&articleid=Ar00701&publabel=TOI|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2014|access-date=14 December 2012|newspaper=Times of India}}</ref> The [[2019 Indian general election|last Lok Sabha election]] was in 2019, when [[Aparajita Sarangi]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won the seat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live: Bhubaneswar Constituency Election Results, News, Candidates, Vote Paercentage|url=https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/bhubaneswar-election-result-s18p18/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18}}</ref> The last state assembly election took place in 2019 as well, when all three [[Odisha Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] seats in Bhubaneswar were won by [[Biju Janata Dal]]: Susant Kumar Rout from North, Ashok Chandra Panda from Ekamra, and Ananta Narayan Jena from Central.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Live Results: Bhubaneswar North (Uttar) Assemlby Constituency (Odisha)|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha-bhubaneswar-north-(uttar)-results-s18a113/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News.|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha/ekamra-bhubaneswar-election-result-s18a114/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya) Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya) Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News.|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha/bhubaneswar-central-(madhya)-election-result-s18a112/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18}}</ref>

As the seat of the [[Government of Odisha]], Bhubaneswar is home to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] and the state secretariat. Bhubaneswar has lower courts: the Court of Small Causes and the District Civil Court decide civil matters; the Sessions Court rules in criminal cases.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|date=2 December 2012|title=State capital misses district status|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-02/bhubaneswar/35547734_1_khurda-powers-of-chief-district-district-courts|url-status=dead|access-date=31 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616222459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-02/bhubaneswar/35547734_1_khurda-powers-of-chief-district-district-courts|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> The [[Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate]], established in 2008, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack area.<ref name="evolution">{{Cite web|title=Evolution|url=http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/evolution_commissionerate.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304102117/http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/evolution_commissionerate.php|archive-date=4 March 2012|access-date=6 February 2012|publisher=Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Police Stations|url=http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/knowyourpolicestation.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130193336/http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/knowyourpolicestation.php|archive-date=30 January 2012|access-date=6 February 2012|publisher=Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate}}</ref> Shri S.K. Priyadarshi, IPS is the police commissioner.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organisation structure|url=http://www.bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/organizational_structure.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508212459/http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/organizational_structure.php|archive-date=8 May 2012|access-date=26 December 2012|publisher=Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate}}</ref>

== Public utilities ==

Electricity was earlier being supplied by the state-operated [[Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha]].<ref name="disaster" />  [[Tata Power|TATA Power]]- TP-CODL as a private entity started Power distribution in the city by the end of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 5, 2020|title=After Cesu, Tata Power to take over two more discoms in Odisha|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/after-cesu-tata-power-to-take-over-2-more-discoms-in-odisha/articleshow/79578998.cms|access-date=2021-06-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Fire services are handled by the state agency [[Odisha Fire Service]]. Drinking water is sourced from the Mahanadi, Kuakhai and Daya rivers. [[Water supply]] and [[sewerage]] are handled by the [[Public Health Engineering Organisation]].<ref name=cdpbbsr /> As of 2015, 35% of the city was covered by piped water connections, 1.4% of the households had metered water connection, and the extent of non-revenue water in the city ran to 62.5%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Service Level Improvement Plan: Bhubaneswar|url=http://www.urbanodisha.gov.in/Admin/Upload_Files/AMRUT/SLIPs/Bhubaneswar.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Department of Housing & Urban Development, Government of Odisha}}</ref> The Engineering Department of BMC creates and maintains roads.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Engineering|url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/departments/engineering|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation}}</ref>

The municipal corporation is responsible for the solid waste management in the city. The average municipal waste generated in the city is 480&nbsp;kg/m3 for wet waste and 600&nbsp;kg/m3 for wet waste.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last1=Mohanta|first1=Arun Kumar|last2=Sahoo|first2=CR|last3=Sethi|first3=KC|title=Municipal solid waste management in Bhubaneswar: Current practices, challenges and prospects|url=http://www.newengineeringjournal.com/download/100/3-2-27-195.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=New Engineering Journal}}</ref> Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC has introduced door to door collection through battery operated garbage collection vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-30|title=BMC's Battery-Operated Vehicles To Collect Garbage From Doorstep In Bhubaneswar|url=https://odishabytes.com/bmcs-battery-operated-vehicles-to-collect-garbage-from-doorstep-in-bhubaneswar/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=ODISHA BYTES|language=en-US}}</ref> It is trying to introduce segregation at source by providing two waste bins to every household, one each for dry and wet waste.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-12|title=Door-To-Door Garbage Collection By BMC & CMC Very Soon {{!}}|url=https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/door-to-door-garbage-collection-by-bmc-cmc-very-soon|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Ommcom News|language=en-US}}</ref> Landfilling is the most common method of waste disposal in Bhubaneswar.<ref name=":2" /> State-owned [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]], or [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|BSNL]], as well as private enterprises, among them [[Reliance Jio]], [[Bharti Airtel]], [[Vodafone Idea]], are the leading telephone, cell phone and [[internet service provider]]s in the city.<ref name="trai ar 11 wire">{{Cite web|title=Annual report 2010–11|url=http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/Documents/AnuualReports/ar_10_11.pdf|publisher=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=13 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526230024/http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/Documents/AnuualReports/ar_10_11.pdf|archive-date=26 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Indian telecom services performance indicators October&nbsp;– December 2011|url=http://trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/PIRReport/Documents/Indicator%20Report-dec-2011.pdf|publisher=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=25 June 2012|pages=122–126|date=13 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526133859/http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/PIRReport/Documents/Indicator%20Report-dec-2011.pdf|archive-date=26 May 2012}}</ref>

== Education ==

Bhubaneswar is a centre for higher education in the Eastern Region and is considered the education hub of Eastern India with several government and privately funded Universities and colleges.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> [[Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar|IIT Bhubaneswar]], [[National Institute of Science Education and Research|NISER]] Bhubaneswar, [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar|AIIMS Bhubaneswar]] and [[National Institute of Fashion Technology|NIFT Bhubaneswar]] are some of the elite institutions of country which are located in the city. [[Utkal University]] Bhubaneswar is the oldest university in Odisha and the 17th oldest university in India.

=== Primary and secondary education ===

*[[Sainik School, Bhubaneswar|Sainik School]]

Notable private schools in the city include

=== Higher education ===

==== Engineering and applied sciences institutions ====

* [[Eastern Academy of Science and Technology]]

* [[International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar]] (IIIT-BBSR or IIIT-BH)

==== Medical institutions ====

==== Universities ====

* [[Birla Global University]], Bhubaneswar  

* [[Centurion University of Technology and Management]], Bhubaneswar  

* [[International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar]] (IIIT-BBSR or IIIT-BH)

* [[Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology]]

* [[Odisha University of Technology and Research]]

* [[Siksha 'O' Anusandhan]]

* [[Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar|XIM University]]

==== Think tanks / Research institutes ====

Tourism education is another field of study emerging. The Eastern Regional Centre of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), the second in the country after Gwalior, was established in 1996. One IATA Authorised Training Centre (ATC) is also located in the city premises. Several regional management educational institutions also have travel and tourism related courses in their curriculum.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

== Transport ==

=== Bicycle ===

A public bicycle sharing project named Mo Cycle has been started by the Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited (BSCL) and the Capital Region Urban Transport (CRUT). The scheme aims to reduce [[traffic congestion]], promote non-motorized transport in the city and ensure better last mile connectivity. Chief minister Naveen Patnaik in November 2011 inaugurated Mo Cycle.

Around 400 cycle stands have been set up across the city. Around 2,000 bicycles have been ordered from three companies – Hexi, Yaana and Yulu. Hexi (from Hero Cycles) will provide 1,000 bicycles and Yaana and Yulu will provide 500 each. The availability of rentals Bicycles are accessed by the Dedicated mobile app – "mo app".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar launches bicycle sharing|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/bhubaneswar-launches-bicycle-sharing-with-app-and-a-monthly-subscription/cid/1676624|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

=== Bus ===

Internal public transport is maintained by "Mo Bus (My Bus)" service administrated by CRUT(Capital Region Urban Transport) along with connecting nearest cities like Cuttack and Puri.

The headquarters of the [[Odisha State Road Transport Corporation]] (OSRTC) is in Bhubaneswar. The main Bhubaneswar inter-state bus terminus is at Barmunda, {{convert|8|km|mi}} from the city centre, from where OSRTC and private operators run buses connecting Bhubaneswar to cities in Odisha and with the neighbouring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|title=Gateway to Bhubaneswar stinks of apathy and neglect|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-29/bhubaneswar/32471454_1_bus-terminus-bus-station-baramunda|access-date=14 December 2012|date=29 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616225340/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-29/bhubaneswar/32471454_1_bus-terminus-bus-station-baramunda|archive-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bhubaneswar is connected to the rest of Odisha and India by [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]]-[[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]], which is a part of the Kolkata-Chennai prong of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]], [[National Highway 203 (India)|NH 203]], State Highway 13 (Odisha) and State Highway 27 (Odisha). Asian Highway- [[AH 45]] passes through the city.<ref name=bdasnap />

=== Road ===

[[Roads in Bhubaneswar|Bhubaneswar has roads]] in grid form in the central city. Bhubaneswar has approximately {{convert|1600|km|mi}} of roads, with average road density of {{convert|11.82|sqkm|sqmi}}.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> Baramunda Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT) is the major bus terminus in the city from where buses ply to all the districts in Odisha as well as to neighbouring state's cities like [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Raipur]] and [[Ranchi]]. [[Bhubaneswar City Bus|City bus service]] ([[Mo Bus]]) runs across Bhubaneswar by Capital Region Urban Transport Authority run by Bhubaneswar Development Authority .<ref name=citybus>{{Cite news|last=Mohapatra|first=Debabrata|title=Bus operator launches e-info system|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-20/bhubaneswar/34606108_1_bus-routes-dts-chairman-nishikant-mishra-city-bus-service|access-date=14 December 2012|date=20 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617002324/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-20/bhubaneswar/34606108_1_bus-routes-dts-chairman-nishikant-mishra-city-bus-service|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> A fleet of 300+ buses cover all major destinations including Cuttack, Puri and Khordha.<ref name=citybus /> [[Auto rickshaw]]s are available for hire and on a share basis throughout the city. In parts of the city, [[cycle rickshaw]]s offer short trips.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cycle-rickshaws a rarity in capital|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/30/stories/2009043052410300.htm|access-date=14 December 2012|date=30 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204042055/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/30/stories/2009043052410300.htm|archive-date=4 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> To ease traffic jams, over-bridges at major road junctions and expansion of roads are under construction.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|title=High hopes for highway|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-21/bhubaneswar/29568327_1_nhai-plans-national-highways-authority-underpasses|access-date=14 December 2012|date=21 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617002408/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-21/bhubaneswar/29568327_1_nhai-plans-national-highways-authority-underpasses|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohapatra|first=Debabrata|title=Roads wide open to accidents|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-07/bhubaneswar/28541473_1_road-accidents-janpath-ongoing-road|access-date=14 December 2012|date=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617040610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-07/bhubaneswar/28541473_1_road-accidents-janpath-ongoing-road|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a study of six cities in India, Bhubaneswar was ranked third concerning pedestrian infrastructure. The city scored 50 points out of a maximum of 100.

=== Railway Station ===

The [[East Coast Railway]] has its headquarters in Bhubaneswar. [[Bhubaneswar railway station]] is one of the main stations of the Indian railway network. It is connected to major cities by daily express and passenger trains and daily service to all metro cities is available from here. However, the station is overloaded by existing traffic. Currently, the station has six platforms. There are plans to add two more platforms.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/new-platform-to-come-up-at-bhubaneswar-railway-station/articleshow/57133161.cms|title=New platform to come up at Bhubaneswar railway station – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222033216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/new-platform-to-come-up-at-bhubaneswar-railway-station/articleshow/57133161.cms|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

A satellite station [[New Bhubaneswar railway station]] is opened near Barang in July 2018 to decongest the existing installation.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bhubaneswar-new-station-opened-for-public/articleshow/64894934.cms |title=Bhubaneswar New Station opened for public &#124; Bhubaneswar News – Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 July 2018 |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223220707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bhubaneswar-new-station-opened-for-public/articleshow/64894934.cms |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

=== Airport ===

[[Biju Patnaik Airport|Biju Patnaik International Airport]] ([[International Air Transport Association airport code|IATA]]:&nbsp;'''BBI''',&nbsp;[[International Civil Aviation Organization airport code|ICAO]]:&nbsp;'''VEBS''') also known as Bhubaneswar Airport, {{convert|3|km|mi}} south of the city centre, is the major and sole international airport in Odisha. There are daily domestic flights from Bhubaneswar to [[Delhi]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], [[Vishakhapatnam]], [[Chennai]] and [[Bangalore]] and International Flight From Bhubaneswar to Dubai,Singapore and Bangkok The major carriers from Bhubaneswar are [[IndiGo|Indigo]], [[Vistara]], [[Akasa Air]], and [[AirAsia India]] . In March 2013, a new domestic terminal with a capacity of handling 30 million passengers per year was inaugurated to handle increased air traffic.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=International airport to take off by June|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-05/bhubaneswar/37468355_1_aai-sources-airports-authority-biju-patnaik-airport|access-date=5 March 2013|date=5 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011133555/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-05/bhubaneswar/37468355_1_aai-sources-airports-authority-biju-patnaik-airport|archive-date=11 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 10 July 2015, the first international flight took off from terminal 2 of [[Biju Patnaik International Airport]].

== Culture ==

Famous temples include [[Lingaraja Temple]], [[Muktesvara deula|Muktesvara Temple]], [[Rajarani Temple]], [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]].<ref>[[Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra]], ''Archaeology in Orissa'', Vol I, Page 47-84, B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 1986, {{ISBN|81-7018-346-4}}</ref> The [[Kukutesvara Siva Temple]] is a small, 1000-year-old shrine to [[Shiva]].

[[Culture of Odisha|Odia culture]] survives in the form of Classical [[Odissi]] dance, handicrafts, sand artistry and sculpturing as well as theatre and music. Boundary walls and gardens are increasingly being redone to depict the folk art of the state.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rautray|first=Samanwaya|title=Orissa campaign hits painted wall|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090411/jsp/nation/story_10801416.jsp|access-date=21 February 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=11 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703174743/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090411/jsp/nation/story_10801416.jsp|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=BMC takes up wall painting|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/12/stories/2008031251750300.htm|access-date=21 February 2013|date=12 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118142512/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/12/stories/2008031251750300.htm|archive-date=18 November 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Odissi]], the oldest of the eight surviving [[Indian classical dance|classical dance forms]] of India can be traced from archaeological evidence from the temples in Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kuiper|first=Kathleen|title=The Culture of India|year=2010|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-61530-149-2|page=278}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nayak|first=Smritilekha|title=Dance and Architecture: Body, Form, Space and Transformation|year=2008|isbn=978-0-549-96518-3|pages=5–6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lemon|first=Ralph|title=Tree: Belief / Culture / Balance|year=2004|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|isbn=978-0-8195-6699-7|pages=69–70}}</ref>

=== Odissi dance ===

[[Odissi dance]] is generally accompanied by [[Odissi music]]. Srjan, the Odissi dance academy founded by Guru [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]], the legendary Odissi dancer is found here.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dance fete to start from Sept. 14|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081850890200.htm|access-date=21 February 2013|date=18 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418062501/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081850890200.htm|archive-date=18 April 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Venkataraman|first=Leela|title=Remembering the maestro|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/15/stories/2005041501680200.htm|access-date=21 February 2013|date=15 April 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420033944/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/15/stories/2005041501680200.htm|archive-date=20 April 2005|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Rabindra Mandapa in central Bhubaneswar plays host to cultural engagements, theatre and private functions.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=Culture capital lacks adequate auditoriums|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-12/bhubaneswar/37057909_1_auditoriums-rabindra-mandap-cultural-programmes|access-date=21 February 2013|date=12 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617034803/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-12/bhubaneswar/37057909_1_auditoriums-rabindra-mandap-cultural-programmes|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>  

[[File:Odissi Performance DS.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Odissi]] dance]]

=== Dress and attire ===

Though Odia women traditionally wear the [[sari]], [[shalwar kameez]] and of late, Western attire is gaining acceptance among younger women.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=Shoppers on last-minute splurge for Durga Puja|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-24/bhubaneswar/30197989_1_brands-silks-shoppers|access-date=21 February 2013|date=24 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617020555/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-24/bhubaneswar/30197989_1_brands-silks-shoppers|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Western-style dress has greater acceptance among men, although the traditional [[dhoti]] and [[kurta]] are seen during festivals.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Khadi makes a cool fashion statement|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-28/bhubaneswar/29367022_1_khadi-products-village-industries-board-khadi-bhandar|access-date=21 February 2013|date=28 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617011501/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-28/bhubaneswar/29367022_1_khadi-products-village-industries-board-khadi-bhandar|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Odisha State Museum]] offers archaeological artefacts, weapons, local arts and crafts as well as insights into Odisha's natural and indigenous history.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Odisha State Museum |url=http://orissamuseum.nic.in/About_Us.html |publisher=Odisha State Museum, Government of Odisha |access-date=21 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103220053/http://orissamuseum.nic.in/About_Us.html |archive-date=3 January 2013 }}</ref> The [[Tribal Research Institute Museum]] hosts authentic tribal dwellings created by tribal craftsmen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research & Training Institute, Bhubaneswar |url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/stsc/research_training.htm |publisher=ST, SC, Minorities, and Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=21 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128101640/http://orissa.gov.in/stsc/research_training.htm |archive-date=28 January 2012  }}</ref> [[Nandankanan Zoological Park]], located on the northern outskirt of the city, is India's first zoo to join [[World Association of Zoos and Aquariums]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=Nandankanan now a member of world zoo body|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-03/bhubaneswar/28167173_1_zoo-houses-zoos-and-aquariums-first-zoo|access-date=21 February 2013|date=3 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617005054/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-03/bhubaneswar/28167173_1_zoo-houses-zoos-and-aquariums-first-zoo|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nandankanan enters the big league|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/04/stories/2009070451080200.htm|access-date=21 February 2013|date=4 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709022922/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/04/stories/2009070451080200.htm|archive-date=9 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The State Botanical Garden (Odisha) and Regional Plant Resource Center, popularly known as ''[[Ekamra Kanan]]'', a park and botanical garden, has a large collection of exotic and regional fauna. The ''Ekamra Haat'' is a hand-loom and handicrafts market. Nicco Park and Ocean World are amusement parks. Other museums include [[Pathani Samanta Planetarium]], [[Regional Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar|Regional Museum of Natural History]], Regional Science Center and State Handicrafts Museum.

=== Festivals ===

On the day of Ashokashtami in the month of March or April, the image of Lingaraja (Shiva) and other deities are taken in a procession from Lingaraja Temple to the Mausima Temple, where the deities remain for four days.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tug at faith strings&nbsp;– Rukuna rath rolls on|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070327/asp/jamshedpur/story_7568349.asp|access-date=4 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=27 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703193028/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070327/asp/jamshedpur/story_7568349.asp|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hundreds of devotees participate in pulling the [[temple car]] that carries the deities, known as ''Rukuna Ratha''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rukuna Rath Yatra ends in city|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/bhubaneswar/31293702_1_chariot-bahuda-yatra-car-festival|access-date=4 January 2013|date=5 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617031826/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/bhubaneswar/31293702_1_chariot-bahuda-yatra-car-festival|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ratha-Yatra]], "Temple Car Festival," is the most important festival in Odisha and Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahapatra|first=Debabrata|title=ISKCON's security concern for Rath Yatra|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-15/bhubaneswar/32254028_1_iskcon-temple-chariot-festival-rath-yatra|access-date=4 January 2013|date=15 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617032724/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-15/bhubaneswar/32254028_1_iskcon-temple-chariot-festival-rath-yatra|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The festival commemorates Jagannatha, who is said to have been the incarnation of India's revered deities, Vishnu and [[Krishna]]. [[Durga Puja]], held in September–October, is an occasion for glamorous celebrations.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Twin city security beef up for Durga Puja|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-02/bhubaneswar/30234843_1_puja-pandals-durga-puja-police-officers|access-date=4 January 2013|date=2 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617032016/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-02/bhubaneswar/30234843_1_puja-pandals-durga-puja-police-officers|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=City gearing up for Durga puja|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/07/stories/2010100758390200.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012091853/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/07/stories/2010100758390200.htm|archive-date=12 October 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>

As a part of the Ekamra Festival, many cultural sub-festivals take place in January in Bhubaneswar which include Kalinga Mahotsaba (for traditional martial arts), Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsaba (for classical dance forms), Rajarani Music Festival (for classical music) and Mukteswara Dance Festival (for Odishi dance).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://orissatourism.gov.in/new/ekam_festival1.htm|title=Festivals in Bhubaneswar|publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224011237/http://orissatourism.gov.in/new/ekam_festival1.htm|archive-date=24 February 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref> Residents engage in ''khattis'', or leisurely chats, that often take the form of freestyle intellectual conversation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120129/jsp/odisha/story_15064897.jsp|title=Talk of the times at local khattis|last=Mishra|first=Ashutosh|date=29 January 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=21 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408214054/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120129/jsp/odisha/story_15064897.jsp#.USWnnqVkMWU|archive-date=8 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other festivals celebrated include [[Shivaratri]], [[Diwali]], [[Ganesh Puja|Ganesha Chaturthi]], [[Nuakhai]] and [[Saraswati Puja]]. Eid and Christmas are celebrated by the religious minorities in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jingle bells ring all over the state|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101225/jsp/orissa/story_13347134.jsp|access-date=4 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=25 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703174847/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101225/jsp/orissa/story_13347134.jsp|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minita|title=Rain spoils Eid splurge|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-30/bhubaneswar/29944584_1_eid-festive-mood-bad-weather|access-date=4 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617034541/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-30/bhubaneswar/29944584_1_eid-festive-mood-bad-weather|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Gaiety, fervour mark Xmas celebrations|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/26/stories/2010122657090300.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216060746/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/26/stories/2010122657090300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|access-date=4 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 December 2010}}</ref>

The Adivasi Mela, held in January, is a fair that displays the art, artefacts, tradition, culture, and music of the tribal inhabitants of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite news|title=They all love a tribal|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/they-all-love-a-tribal/906697/|access-date=4 January 2013|newspaper=Indian Express|date=2 February 2012}}</ref> The Toshali National Crafts Mela, held in December, showcases handicrafts from all over India and from foreign countries.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=Toshali craft fair remains a crowd puller|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-26/bhubaneswar/36007535_1_stalls-food-court-products|access-date=4 January 2013|date=26 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616232322/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-26/bhubaneswar/36007535_1_stalls-food-court-products|archive-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other important fairs in the city include the Rajdhani Book Fair, Dot Fest<ref>{ |

url=https://kalingatv.com/amp/state/city-carnival-dot-fest-to-kick-start-at-bhubaneswar-today/|accessdate=1 December 2018}</ref> and Khandagiri Utsav.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Book fair begins in Bhubaneswar|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-11/bhubaneswar/28540898_1_publishers-and-book-sellers-eminent-writers-cultural-groups|access-date=4 January 2013|date=11 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617010947/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-11/bhubaneswar/28540898_1_publishers-and-book-sellers-eminent-writers-cultural-groups|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nine-day Khandagiri 'kumbh mela' to begin on February 13|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/06/stories/2008020657560300.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=6 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412072100/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/06/stories/2008020657560300.htm|archive-date=12 April 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Two international literary festivals are held in the city, [[Kalinga Literary Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orissapost.com/three-day-kalinga-literary-festival-kicks-off/ |title=THREE-DAY KALINGA LITERARY FESTIVAL KICKS OFF – Orissa POST |date=8 June 2018 |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216161949/http://www.orissapost.com/three-day-kalinga-literary-festival-kicks-off/ |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/amish-talks-about-rich-kalinga-legacy/cid/1416368 |title=Amish talks about rich Kalinga legacy |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216153616/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/odisha/amish-talks-about-rich-kalinga-legacy/cid/1416368 |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref> and Mystic Kalinga Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orissapost.com/mystic-kalinga-festival-kicks-off/ |title=Mystic Kalinga Festival Kicks off – Orissa POST |date=5 January 2019 |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205034050/http://www.orissapost.com/mystic-kalinga-festival-kicks-off/ |archive-date=5 February 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/society/when-i-found-myself-crying/article25961189.ece| title = When I found myself crying at Mystic Kalinga – The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 12 January 2019| last1 = Pinto| first1 = Jerry}}</ref> In modern times Bhubaneswar hosts a literary festival, the Odisha Literary Fest.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Odisha Literary Fest|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2016/oct/22/odisha-literary-fest-1530722.html|access-date=15 April 2017|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=4 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416044702/http://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2016/oct/22/odisha-literary-fest-1530722.html|archive-date=16 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===

Key elements of the city's cuisine include rice and a fish curry known as ''[[Machha Jhola]]'', which can be accompanied by desserts such as [[Rasagola]], [[Rasabali]], [[Chhena Gaja]], [[Chhena Jhili|Chhena Jhilli]] and [[Chhena Poda]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sahu|first=Deepika|title=Discover Odisha's 'sweet' magic|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/Discover-Odishas-sweet-magic/articleshow/14595468.cms|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=2 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203010901/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/Discover-Odishas-sweet-magic/articleshow/14595468.cms|archive-date=3 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Odisha's large repertoire of seafood dishes includes various preparations of [[lobsters]] and [[crabs]] brought in from [[Chilika Lake]].<ref name=oriyacuis>{{Cite news|last=Sampad|first=Shilpi|title=Oriya cuisine spices up syllabus|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110223/jsp/orissa/story_13620680.jsp|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=23 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025603/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110223/jsp/orissa/story_13620680.jsp|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Street foods such as ''[[gupchup]]'' (a deep-fried crêpe, stuffed with a mix of mashed potatoes and boiled yellow peas, and dipped in tamarind-infused water), ''cuttack-chaat'', ''[[Dahibara Aludam|dahibara aloo dum]]'' (a deep-fried doughnut-shaped lentil dumpling marinated in yogurt-infused water and served alongside potato curry) and ''bara-ghuguni'' are sold all over the city.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dash|first=Ajit|title=Daily scan on street food|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100728/jsp/orissa/story_12738098.jsp|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=28 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100728/jsp/orissa/story_12738098.jsp|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Traditional Oriya food such as ''[[Pakhala|dahi-pakhala]]'' (rice soaked in water with yogurt and seasonings) which is considered as a body coolant, accompanied by ''badi chura'' or ''saga'' are consumed during the months of April–June.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|title=At 45.9-degree C, Bhubaneswar records highest temperature in 7 years|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-05/bhubaneswar/32055348_1_highest-temperature-degree-celsius|access-date=19 January 2013|date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616232532/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-05/bhubaneswar/32055348_1_highest-temperature-degree-celsius|archive-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The ''abadha'' of [[Lingaraja Temple]] and [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]] served for devotees is considered a vegetarian culinary delight. Other vegetarian dishes are [[Dalma (cuisine)|Dalma]] (made of lentils and vegetables boiled together and then fried with other spices) and [[Santula]] (lightly spiced steamed vegetables).<ref name=oriyacuis />

== Sports ==

[[File:Kalinga Stadium during ISL.jpg|thumb|left|[[Kalinga Stadium]], Bhubaneswar]]

Bhubaneswar's major sporting arena is the [[Kalinga Stadium]], having facilities for athletics, [[association football|football]], [[field hockey|hockey]], basketball, tennis, table tennis and swimming.<ref name=indoor>{{Cite news|last=Mallick|first=Lelin Kumar|title=Stadium boost to indoor sports|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/30/stories/2010113055280200.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=19 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063529/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/30/stories/2010113055280200.htm|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashoke|title=Permanent floodlights for Kalinga stadium on anvil|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-10/bhubaneswar/32155132_1_floodlights-stadium-halogen-bulbs|access-date=4 January 2013|date=10 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617020959/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-10/bhubaneswar/32155132_1_floodlights-stadium-halogen-bulbs|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashoke|title=Bhubaneswar needs to do more to imbibe sports culture|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-12/bhubaneswar/33167161_1_sports-talents-dilip-tirkey-sports-personality|access-date=4 January 2013|date=12 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617040453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-12/bhubaneswar/33167161_1_sports-talents-dilip-tirkey-sports-personality|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is known for hosting the Odisha Hockey World Cup in November–December 2018 and becoming the first city to host two consecutive Field Hockey World cup by hosting the FIH WC with [[Rourkela]] in

January 2023.

[[Kalinga Lancers]], the sixth franchise of [[Hockey India League]] (HIL) and [[Odisha FC]] of [[Indian Super League]] (ISL) are based in Bhubaneswar with [[Kalinga Stadium]] as their home ground. [[East Coast Railway Stadium]], a prominent [[cricket]] stadium hosts [[Ranji Trophy]] and other matches.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ranji match at Railway stadium from tomorrow|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/30/stories/2010113055280200.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=30 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063529/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/30/stories/2010113055280200.htm|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>

 

[[Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre]], a hockey academy for sub-junior and junior category, has also been set up at Kalinga Stadium after Government of Odisha, Tata Steel & Tata Trusts (Hockey Ace foundation) joined hands to initiate a three-pronged program under the HPC banner of [[Government of Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kalingatv.com/state/naval-tata-hockey-academy-inaugurated-in-odisha-capital/ |title=Naval Tata Hockey Academy Inaugurated In Odisha Capital |website=Kalinga TV |date=13 August 2019 |access-date= August 13, 2019}}</ref>

The construction of a gallery and stadium renovation is under way. An air-conditioned indoor stadium, with a capacity of 2000 spectators for badminton, volleyball, basketball and table tennis games is also being constructed.<ref name=indoor /> [[Barabati Stadium]] in Cuttack, Odisha's only venue for international cricket matches, is located around {{convert|25|km|mi}} away.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jaiswal|first=Binita|title=Cuttack gripped by cricket fever|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-30/bhubaneswar/30458094_1_barabati-stadium-cricket-lovers-cricket-fever|access-date=4 January 2013|date=30 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617005606/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-30/bhubaneswar/30458094_1_barabati-stadium-cricket-lovers-cricket-fever|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bhubaneswar has a franchise of Odisha Premier League, Bhubaneswar Jaguars, which started in 2010. [[Bhubaneswar Golf Club]], a nine-hole golf course is situated in Infocity.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Golf tourney kicks off|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/02/stories/2007120257920200.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=2 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029010439/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/02/stories/2007120257920200.htm|archive-date=29 October 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[2017 Asian Athletics Championships]] was the 22nd edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. It was held from 6–9 July 2017 at the [[Kalinga Stadium]]. Bhubaneswar is the third Indian city to host the Asian Athletics Championships, with Delhi being the first, in 1989, and Pune, the second, in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|title=22nd Asian Athletics Championship 2017 Bhubaneswar – Event Previews|url=http://athleticsasia.org/index.php/k2-component/134-22nd-asian-athletics-championship-2017-bhubaneswar-event-previews|access-date=4 July 2017|newspaper=Asian Athletic Association|date=4 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708195443/http://athleticsasia.org/index.php/k2-component/134-22nd-asian-athletics-championship-2017-bhubaneswar-event-previews|archive-date=8 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Bhubaneswar is emerging as the new sports capital of India, as the FIH and the IOA president, Narindar Batra, recently stated in a ceremony, while unveiling the new logo for the Indian hockey team jersey, which is sponsored by the government of Odisha. The state, Batra mentioned, provides equal importance and opportunity for all sports such as cricket, football, field hockey, tennis, badminton, chess and many more.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://discoverbbsr.com/bhubaneswar-sports-capital-india/ |title=Bhubaneswar is the Sports Capital of India: Narinder Batra, IOA President |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211559/https://discoverbbsr.com/bhubaneswar-sports-capital-india/ |archive-date=26 February 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

== Media ==

The city's widely circulated Odia-language newspapers are ''[[Sambad]]'', ''[[Dharitri (newspaper)|Dharitri]]'', ''[[Pragativadi|Pragatibadi]]'', ''[[Samaja]]'', News 7, Argus, ''Khabara'', ''Orissa Bhaskara'', ''[[Prameya]]'' and ''[[Samaya]]''.<ref name=newspaper>{{Cite web|title=Areawise analysis for the period July/December 2007 to January&nbsp;– June 2010 |url=http://www.auditbureau.org/abctrends123.xls |publisher=Audit Bureau of Circulations |format=XLS |access-date=22 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206062114/http://www.auditbureau.org/abctrends123.xls |archive-date=6 February 2012 }}</ref> ''Orissa Post'' and ''Odia Age'' are the English-language newspaper that is produced and published from Bhubaneswar. Other popular English-language newspapers published and sold in Bhubaneswar include ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'', ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''[[The Indian Express]]'' and the ''[[Asian Age]]''.<ref name=newspaper /> Bhubaneswar has substantial circulation of financial dailies, including ''[[The Economic Times]]'', ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'', ''[[Business Line]]'' and ''[[Business Standard]]''.<ref name="newspaper" /> Vernacular newspapers, such as those in the [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages are read by minorities.<ref name=newspaper /> Major periodicals based in Bhubaneswar include [[Saptahik Samaya|''Saptahika Samaya'']], ''Saptahika Samaja'' and ''[[Kadambini]]''.

[[All India Radio]], the national state-owned radio broadcaster, airs several [[AM broadcasting|AM]] channels from the radio station located in Cuttack.<ref name=air>{{Cite web|title=Cuttack Radio station |url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Station/CUTTACK/ |publisher=All India Radio |access-date=23 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119095153/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Station/CUTTACK/ |archive-date=19 January 2013 }}</ref> Bhubaneswar has [[List of FM radio stations in India|five local radio stations]] broadcasting on [[frequency modulation|FM]], including two from [[All India Radio|AIR]].<ref name=air /><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of operational private FM channels in India|url=http://www.mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/fm/operationalised_fmchannels.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|access-date=23 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105950/http://www.mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/fm/operationalised_fmchannels.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2012}}</ref> India's state-owned television broadcaster [[DD Odia|Doordarshan Odia]] provides two free-to-air terrestrial channels,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doordarshan|url=http://mib.nic.in/ShowContent.aspx?uid1=2&uid2=94&uid3=0&uid4=0&uid5=0&uid6=0&uid7=0|publisher=Ministry of Broadcasting, Government of India|access-date=24 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117071129/http://mib.nic.in/ShowContent.aspx?uid1=2&uid2=94&uid3=0&uid4=0&uid5=0&uid6=0&uid7=0|archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref> while a mix of [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]] and other regional channels are accessible via [[Cable television|cable subscription]] and [[direct-broadcast satellite]] services. Some of the [[Odia language]] television channels are Sidarth TV, Manjari, [[Colors Odia]], [[Sarthak TV]] and [[Tarang TV]]. [[List of Oriya-language television channels#News & Current affairs|Odia-language 24-hour television news channels]] include [[News 7]], Argus, [[Odisha TV]], [[Kanak TV]], [[ETV News Odia]], [[MBC TV (India)|MBC TV]] and [[Naxatra News]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Consolidated list of channels allowed to be carried by dable operators/ multi system operators/ DTH licensees in India|url=http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/tvchannels/channellist.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India|access-date=24 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905131430/http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/tvchannels/channellist.pdf|archive-date=5 September 2012}}</ref>

== Notable people ==

The following are some of the notable people associated (i.e. either born or spent a significant part of their life) with Bhubaneswar:

* [[Achyuta Samanta]]

== Sister cities ==

* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Cupertino, California]], [[United States]]<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Matt|first1=Wilson|title=Cupertino adds Bhubaneswar, India, to its list of sister cities|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/cupertino/ci_18701061|work=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|date=17 August 2011|access-date=4 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108051819/http://www.mercurynews.com/cupertino/ci_18701061|archive-date=8 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cupertino, Bhubaneshwar to become Sister Cities|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article351586.ece|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=12 October 2011|access-date=4 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108051819/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article351586.ece|archive-date=8 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Sankarananda Matha]]

== References ==

== External links ==

 

 

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[[Category:Planned communities in India]]