→Death and succession
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{{Short description|2nd Maurya Emperor}} | {{Short description|2nd Maurya Emperor}} | ||
{{For|the river|Bindusara River}} | {{For|the river|Bindusara River}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}} | {{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}} | ||
{{Infobox royalty | |||
| image = I42 1karshapana Maurya Bindusara MACW4165 1ar (8486583162).jpg | | image = I42 1karshapana Maurya Bindusara MACW4165 1ar (8486583162).jpg | ||
| alt = Coin of Bindusara | | alt = Coin of Bindusara | ||
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| successor = [[Ashoka]] (son) | | successor = [[Ashoka]] (son) | ||
| death_date = c. 273 BCE | | death_date = c. 273 BCE | ||
| spouse = [[Subhadrangi | Dharma]] | | spouse = [[Subhadrangi|Dharma]] | ||
| issue = [[Susima]], [[Ashoka]], [[Vitashoka]] | | issue = [[Susima]], [[Ashoka]], [[Vitashoka]] | ||
| dynasty = [[Maurya Empire|Maurya]] | | dynasty = [[Maurya Empire|Maurya]] | ||
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=== Territorial conquests === | === Territorial conquests === | ||
[[File: | [[File:Bindusara Empire.png|thumb|Bindusara Empire 273 BCE]] | ||
The 16th century Tibetan Buddhist author [[Taranatha]] states that [[Chanakya]], one of Bindusara's "great lords", destroyed the nobles and kings of 16 towns and made him master of all the territory between the western and the eastern seas ([[Arabian Sea]] and the [[Bay of Bengal]]). According to some historians, this implies conquest of [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] by Bindusara, while others believe that this only refers to suppression of revolts.{{sfn|Singh|2008|p=331}} | The 16th century Tibetan Buddhist author [[Taranatha]] states that [[Chanakya]], one of Bindusara's "great lords", destroyed the nobles and kings of 16 towns and made him master of all the territory between the western and the eastern seas ([[Arabian Sea]] and the [[Bay of Bengal]]). According to some historians, this implies conquest of [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] by Bindusara, while others believe that this only refers to suppression of revolts.{{sfn|Singh|2008|p=331}} | ||
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==Foreign relations== | ==Foreign relations== | ||
Deimachus as an ambassador, he was the successor to the famous ambassador and historian [[Megasthenes]]. Both of them were mentioned by [[Strabo]]. | |||
{{quote|Both of these men were sent [as] ambassadors to Palimbothra (Pataliputra): Megasthenes to Sandrocottus, Deimachus to Allitrochades his son. | |||
-Strabo II,I,9<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D9 Strabo II,I,9]</ref>}} | |||
Bindusara maintained friendly diplomatic relations with the Greeks. [[Deimachus|Deimachos of Plateia]] was the ambassador of [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid]] emperor [[Antiochus I]] at Bindusara's court.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mookerji |first1=Radhakumud |title=Chandragupta Maurya and His Times |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120804050 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C&pg=PA38 |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=142}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talbert |first1=Richard J. A. |last2=Naiden |first2=Fred S. |title=Mercury's Wings: Exploring Modes of Communication in the Ancient World |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190663285 |page=295 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEe1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT295 |language=en}}</ref> Deimachos seems to have written a treatise entitled "On Piety" (''Peri Eusebeias'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Erskine |first1=Andrew |title=A Companion to the Hellenistic World |date=2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781405154413 |page=421 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krJF3rnhQdsC&pg=PA421 |language=en}}</ref> The 3rd century Greek writer [[Athenaeus]], in his ''[[Deipnosophistae]]'', mentions an incident that he learned from [[Hegesander (historian)|Hegesander]]'s writings: Bindusara requested Antiochus to send him sweet [[wine]], dried [[common fig|figs]] and a [[sophist]].{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=35}} Antiochus replied that he would send the wine and the figs, but the Greek laws forbade him to sell a sophist.{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=38}}<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ADJpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |title=A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization |author=J. C. McKeown |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780199982110 |page=99 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Athenaeus (of Naucratis) |author-link=Athenaeus |others=Literally Translated by C. D. Yonge, B. A. |title=The Deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the learned of Athenaeus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g98IAAAAQAAJ |volume=III |year=1854 |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |location=London |page=1044 |id=Original Classification Number: 888 A96d tY55 1854 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231230353/http://books.google.com/books?id=g98IAAAAQAAJ |archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> Bindusara's request for a sophist probably reflects his intention to learn about the Greek philosophy.{{sfn|Irfan Habib|Vivekanand Jha|2004|p=20}} | Bindusara maintained friendly diplomatic relations with the Greeks. [[Deimachus|Deimachos of Plateia]] was the ambassador of [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid]] emperor [[Antiochus I]] at Bindusara's court.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mookerji |first1=Radhakumud |title=Chandragupta Maurya and His Times |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120804050 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C&pg=PA38 |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=142}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talbert |first1=Richard J. A. |last2=Naiden |first2=Fred S. |title=Mercury's Wings: Exploring Modes of Communication in the Ancient World |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190663285 |page=295 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEe1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT295 |language=en}}</ref> Deimachos seems to have written a treatise entitled "On Piety" (''Peri Eusebeias'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Erskine |first1=Andrew |title=A Companion to the Hellenistic World |date=2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781405154413 |page=421 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krJF3rnhQdsC&pg=PA421 |language=en}}</ref> The 3rd century Greek writer [[Athenaeus]], in his ''[[Deipnosophistae]]'', mentions an incident that he learned from [[Hegesander (historian)|Hegesander]]'s writings: Bindusara requested Antiochus to send him sweet [[wine]], dried [[common fig|figs]] and a [[sophist]].{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=35}} Antiochus replied that he would send the wine and the figs, but the Greek laws forbade him to sell a sophist.{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=38}}<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ADJpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |title=A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization |author=J. C. McKeown |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780199982110 |page=99 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Athenaeus (of Naucratis) |author-link=Athenaeus |others=Literally Translated by C. D. Yonge, B. A. |title=The Deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the learned of Athenaeus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g98IAAAAQAAJ |volume=III |year=1854 |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |location=London |page=1044 |id=Original Classification Number: 888 A96d tY55 1854 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231230353/http://books.google.com/books?id=g98IAAAAQAAJ |archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> Bindusara's request for a sophist probably reflects his intention to learn about the Greek philosophy.{{sfn|Irfan Habib|Vivekanand Jha|2004|p=20}} | ||
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Historical evidence suggests that Bindusara died in the 270s BCE. According to Upinder Singh, Bindusara died around 273 BCE.{{sfn|Singh|2008|p=331}} [[Alain Daniélou]] believes that he died around 274 BCE.{{sfn|Daniélou|2003|p=109}} Sailendra Nath Sen believes that he died around 273-272 BCE, and that his death was followed by a four-year struggle of succession, after which his son [[Ashoka]] became the emperor in 269-268 BCE.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=142}} | Historical evidence suggests that Bindusara died in the 270s BCE. According to Upinder Singh, Bindusara died around 273 BCE.{{sfn|Singh|2008|p=331}} [[Alain Daniélou]] believes that he died around 274 BCE.{{sfn|Daniélou|2003|p=109}} Sailendra Nath Sen believes that he died around 273-272 BCE, and that his death was followed by a four-year struggle of succession, after which his son [[Ashoka]] became the emperor in 269-268 BCE.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=142}} | ||
[[File:Mauryan King Bindusara Empire.jpg|thumb| Emperor Bindusara Empire]] | |||
According to the ''Mahavamsa'', Bindusara reigned for 28 years, while according to the Puranas, he ruled for 25 years.{{sfn|Romila Thapar|1961|p=13}} The Buddhist text ''[[Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa|Manjushri-Mula-Kalpa]]'' claims that he ruled for 70 years, which is not historically accurate.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9gcAAAAMAAJ |title=Bimbisāra to Aśoka: With an Appendix on the Later Mauryas |author=Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya |publisher=Roy and Chowdhury |year=1977 |page=102 }}</ref> | According to the ''Mahavamsa'', Bindusara reigned for 28 years, while according to the Puranas, he ruled for 25 years.{{sfn|Romila Thapar|1961|p=13}} The Buddhist text ''[[Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa|Manjushri-Mula-Kalpa]]'' claims that he ruled for 70 years, which is not historically accurate.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9gcAAAAMAAJ |title=Bimbisāra to Aśoka: With an Appendix on the Later Mauryas |author=Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya |publisher=Roy and Chowdhury |year=1977 |page=102 }}</ref> | ||