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'''Shimla''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|ʃ|ɪ|m|l|ə}}; {{IPA-hi|ˈʃɪmla|lang|Shimla.ogg}}; also known as '''Simla''', [[List of renamed Indian cities and states#Himachal Pradesh|the official name until 1972]])<ref>{{cite web|last=bedi|first=rahul|title=Steady Decline: From Simla To Shimla, And Now To Shyamala!|url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/2/15315/steady-decline-from-simla-to-shimla-and-now-to-shyamala|access-date=27 December 2021|website=www.thecitizen.in|language=en-US}}</ref> is the capital and the largest city of the northern [[Indian state | '''Shimla''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|ʃ|ɪ|m|l|ə}}; {{IPA-hi|ˈʃɪmla|lang|Shimla.ogg}}; also known as '''Simla''', [[List of renamed Indian cities and states#Himachal Pradesh|the official name until 1972]])<ref>{{cite web|last=bedi|first=rahul|title=Steady Decline: From Simla To Shimla, And Now To Shyamala!|url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/2/15315/steady-decline-from-simla-to-shimla-and-now-to-shyamala|access-date=27 December 2021|website=www.thecitizen.in|language=en-US}}</ref> is the capital and the largest city of the northern [[Indian state of Himachal Pradesh]]. In 1864, Shimla was declared as the summer capital of [[British Raj|British India]]. After [[Indian independence movement|independence]], the city became the capital of [[East Punjab]] and was later made the capital city of Himachal Pradesh. It is the principal commercial, cultural and educational centre of the state. | ||
Small hamlets were recorded before 1815 when British forces took control of the area. The climatic conditions attracted the British to establish the city in the dense forests of the [[Himalayas]]. As the summer capital, Shimla hosted many important political meetings including the [[Simla Accord (1914)|Simla Accord of 1914]] and the [[Simla Conference]] of 1945. After independence, the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] came into being in 1948 as a result of the integration of 28 [[princely state]]s. Even after independence, the city remained an important political centre, hosting the [[Simla Agreement]] of 1972. After the reorganisation of the state of Himachal Pradesh, the existing Mahasu district was named Shimla. | Small hamlets were recorded before 1815 when British forces took control of the area. The climatic conditions attracted the British to establish the city in the dense forests of the [[Himalayas]]. As the summer capital, Shimla hosted many important political meetings including the [[Simla Accord (1914)|Simla Accord of 1914]] and the [[Simla Conference]] of 1945. After independence, the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] came into being in 1948 as a result of the integration of 28 [[princely state]]s. Even after independence, the city remained an important political centre, hosting the [[Simla Agreement]] of 1972. After the reorganisation of the state of Himachal Pradesh, the existing Mahasu district was named Shimla. | ||
Shimla is home to several buildings that are styled in the | Shimla is home to several buildings that are styled in the Tudorbethan and neo-Gothic architectures dating from the colonial era, as well as multiple temples and churches. The colonial architecture and churches, the temples, and the natural environment of the city attract tourists. Major city centre's attractions include the ''[[Shri Hanuman Jakhu (Statue)]],'' [[Jakhu Temple]], [[Rashtrapati Niwas|Viceregal Lodge]], [[Christ Church (Shimla)|Christ Church]], [[Mall Road, Shimla|Mall Road]], [[The Ridge, Shimla|The Ridge]] and [[Annadale, Shimla|Annadale]]. The city centre's northernmost point is Jakhoo and the southernmost location is Annadale, the easternmost point is [[Sanjauli]] and the western point is [[Chotta Shimla]]. The [[Kalka–Shimla Railway]] line built by the British,<ref>{{cite news |date=5 July 2022 |title=Shimla: রাত তো দূর, সকালেও সিমলার এই স্টেশনে দাঁড়ায় না কোনও ট্রেন! নেপথ্যে কোন ভয়ানক কাহিনী? |work=The Bengali Chronicle |url=https://thebengalichronicle.com/shimla-tunnel-33-horror-story-rpt-2/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], is also a major tourist attraction. Owing to its steep terrain, Shimla hosts the mountain biking race [[MTB Himalaya]], which started in 2005 and is regarded as the biggest event of its kind in South Asia. Shimla also has the largest [[Ice rink|natural ice skating rink]] in South Asia. Apart from being a tourism centre, the city is also an educational hub with several colleges and research institutions.{{Citation Needed}} | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
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The scenic [[Kalka Shimla Railway]], a [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge track]], is listed in the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' for the steepest rise in altitude in a distance of 96 km.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khanna |first=Ruchika M |date=8 November 2003 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031108/windows/main1.htm |title=100 years of pine-scented travel |newspaper=The Tribune |access-date= 8 November 2003}}</ref> [[Kalka]], the [[Indo-Gangetic plain|plains]] rail terminus, has daily departures to major Indian cities. The city has a total of three railway stations with Shimla the main station and two others located at Summer Hill and Totu (Jutogh) respectively. It was built to connect [[Shimla railway station|Shimla]], the summer capital of India during the [[British Raj]], with the Indian rail system. | The scenic [[Kalka Shimla Railway]], a [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge track]], is listed in the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' for the steepest rise in altitude in a distance of 96 km.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khanna |first=Ruchika M |date=8 November 2003 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031108/windows/main1.htm |title=100 years of pine-scented travel |newspaper=The Tribune |access-date= 8 November 2003}}</ref> [[Kalka]], the [[Indo-Gangetic plain|plains]] rail terminus, has daily departures to major Indian cities. The city has a total of three railway stations with Shimla the main station and two others located at Summer Hill and Totu (Jutogh) respectively. It was built to connect [[Shimla railway station|Shimla]], the summer capital of India during the [[British Raj]], with the Indian rail system. | ||
In 2007, the government of [[Himachal Pradesh]] declared the railway a heritage property. | In 2007, the government of [[Himachal Pradesh]] declared the railway a heritage property. For about a week starting on 11 September 2007, an expert team from [[UNESCO]] visited the railway to review and inspect it for possible selection as a [[World Heritage Site]]. On 8 July 2008, the Kalka–Shimla Railway was listed as a World Heritage Site,<ref>{{cite news | work=The Hindu Business Line | url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/07/09/stories/2008070951530700.htm | title=Kalka–Shimla Railway makes it to Unesco's World Heritage list | date=9 July 2008 | access-date=10 July 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625175612/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/07/09/stories/2008070951530700.htm | archive-date=25 June 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> alongside [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]], [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]], and [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gyanpotli.info/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125162904/https://gyanpotli.info/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95/|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 November 2018|title=Hill towns of India and their height | ||
|publisher=Admin|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> | |publisher=Admin|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> | ||
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==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
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<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
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* [[Preity Zinta]], Bollywood actress | * [[Preity Zinta]], Bollywood actress | ||
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<!---♦♦♦♦Do not add anyone to this list unless they have their own | <!---♦♦♦♦Do not add anyone to this list unless they have their own Bharatpedia article♦♦♦♦--> | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
<!--only links allowed under | <!--only links allowed under Bharatpedia's external link policy are permitted in this list--> | ||
* [http://hpshimla.gov.in/ Official website of Shimla district] | * [http://hpshimla.gov.in/ Official website of Shimla district] | ||
* [http://www.himachal.org.in/shimla.html Shimla – Himachal Pradesh Tourism Guide] | * [http://www.himachal.org.in/shimla.html Shimla – Himachal Pradesh Tourism Guide] | ||