Alexander II of Epirus: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{Infobox royalty | name = Alexander II | image = Coin of Alexander II of Epirus.png | caption = Illustration of silver tetradrachm of Ptolemy I of Egypt, in the name of Alexander the Great (ca. 310-305 BC). Obverse: youthful head, covered with the skin of elephant's head. Reverse: Pallas Athena, holding spear and shield; before her eagle on thunderbolt. | predecessor = Pyrrhus I of Epirus | successor = Pyrrhus II of Epirus...")
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==Reign==
==Reign==
He succeeded his father as king in 272 BC, and continued the war which his father had begun with [[Antigonus II Gonatas]], whom he succeeded in driving from the kingdom of [[Macedon]].  He was, however, dispossessed of both [[Macedon]] and [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] by [[Demetrius II of Macedon]], the son of Antigonus II; upon which he took refuge amongst the [[Acarnania]]ns. By their assistance and that of his own subjects, who entertained a great attachment for him, he recovered Epirus. It appears that he was in alliance with the [[Aetolia]]ns.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Alexander II. (king of Epirus)|display=Alexander II.|volume=1|page=545}}</ref>  
He succeeded his father as king in 272 BC, and continued the war which his father had begun with [[Antigonus II Gonatas]], whom he succeeded in driving from the kingdom of [[Macedon]].  He was, however, dispossessed of both [[Macedon]] and [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] by [[Demetrius II of Macedon]], the son of Antigonus II; upon which he took refuge amongst the [[Acarnania]]ns. By their assistance and that of his own subjects, who entertained a great attachment for him, he recovered Epirus. It appears that he was in alliance with the [[Aetolia]]ns.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Alexander II. (king of Epirus)|display=Alexander II.|volume=1|page=545}}</ref>


Alexander married his paternal half-sister [[Olympias II of Epirus|Olympias]], by whom he had two sons, [[Pyrrhus II of Epirus|Pyrrhus ΙΙ]], [[Ptolemy of Epirus|Ptolemy ΙΙ]] and a daughter, [[Phthia of Macedon|Phthia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia | editor-link = William Smith (lexicographer) | contribution = Olympias (2) | editor-last = Smith | editor-first = William | encyclopedia = Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology |title-link=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology|volume = 3 | page =23 | year = 1867 | contribution-url = https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/ACL3129.0003.001/31| publisher = [[Little, Brown and Company]] | location = Boston}}</ref> Beloch places the death of King Alexander II "about 255", and supports this date with an elaborate chain of reasoning.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cross |first=Geoffrey Neale |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3g5EBgAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+II+epyrus+255&pg=PA124 |title=Epirus |date=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-45867-3 |pages=124 |language=en}}</ref> On the death of Alexander, Olympias assumed the regency on behalf of her sons, and married Phthia to Demetrius.<ref>''Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology'', by Joseph Thomas - 1908 - page 90</ref><ref name=":0" />  There are extant silver and copper coins of this king.  The former bear a youthful head covered with the skin of an elephant's head.  The reverse represents Pallas holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other, and before her stands an eagle on a thunderbolt.<ref>[[Justin (historian)|Justin]], xvii. 1, xxvi. 2, 3, xxviii. 1</ref><ref>[[Polybius]],  ii. 45, ix. 34</ref><ref>[[Plutarch]], ''Pyrrhus'' 9</ref><ref name="DGRBM" />
Alexander married his paternal half-sister [[Olympias II of Epirus|Olympias]], by whom he had two sons, [[Pyrrhus II of Epirus|Pyrrhus ΙΙ]], [[Ptolemy of Epirus|Ptolemy ΙΙ]] and a daughter, [[Phthia of Macedon|Phthia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia | editor-link = William Smith (lexicographer) | contribution = Olympias (2) | editor-last = Smith | editor-first = William | encyclopedia = Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology |title-link=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology|volume = 3 | page =23 | year = 1867 | contribution-url = https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/ACL3129.0003.001/31| publisher = [[Little, Brown and Company]] | location = Boston}}</ref> Beloch places the death of King Alexander II "about 255", and supports this date with an elaborate chain of reasoning.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cross |first=Geoffrey Neale |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3g5EBgAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+II+epyrus+255&pg=PA124 |title=Epirus |date=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-45867-3 |pages=124 |language=en}}</ref> On the death of Alexander, Olympias assumed the regency on behalf of her sons, and married Phthia to Demetrius.<ref name=":0" /><ref>''Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology'', by Joseph Thomas - 1908 - page 90</ref>  There are extant silver and copper coins of this king.  The former bear a youthful head covered with the skin of an elephant's head.  The reverse represents Pallas holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other, and before her stands an eagle on a thunderbolt.<ref name="DGRBM" /><ref>[[Justin (historian)|Justin]], xvii. 1, xxvi. 2, 3, xxviii. 1</ref><ref>[[Polybius]],  ii. 45, ix. 34</ref><ref>[[Plutarch]], ''Pyrrhus'' 9</ref>


[[Image:Arte ellenistica, alessandro d'epiro, agata, 260 ac. ca.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Alexander II of Epirus on a cameo of agate]]
[[Image:Arte ellenistica, alessandro d'epiro, agata, 260 ac. ca.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Alexander II of Epirus on a cameo of agate]]
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{{Hellenistic rulers}}
{{Hellenistic rulers}}
{{Uncategorized|date=November 2023}}

Latest revision as of 10:58, 24 November 2023

Alexander II
King of Epirus
Coin of Alexander II of Epirus.png
Illustration of silver tetradrachm of Ptolemy I of Egypt, in the name of Alexander the Great (ca. 310-305 BC). Obverse: youthful head, covered with the skin of elephant's head. Reverse: Pallas Athena, holding spear and shield; before her eagle on thunderbolt.
Reign272 - 255 BC[1]
PredecessorPyrrhus I of Epirus
SuccessorPyrrhus II of Epirus
SpouseOlympias II of Epirus
IssuePyrrhus II of Epirus
Ptolemy of Epirus
Phthia of Macedon
HouseAeacidae
FatherPyrrhus I of Epirus
MotherLanassa of Syracuse
ReligionAncient Greek religion

Alexander II (Greek: Άλέξανδρος) was a king of Epirus, and the son of Pyrrhus and Lanassa, the daughter of the Sicilian tyrant Agathocles.[2]

Reign[edit]

He succeeded his father as king in 272 BC, and continued the war which his father had begun with Antigonus II Gonatas, whom he succeeded in driving from the kingdom of Macedon. He was, however, dispossessed of both Macedon and Epirus by Demetrius II of Macedon, the son of Antigonus II; upon which he took refuge amongst the Acarnanians. By their assistance and that of his own subjects, who entertained a great attachment for him, he recovered Epirus. It appears that he was in alliance with the Aetolians.[3]

Alexander married his paternal half-sister Olympias, by whom he had two sons, Pyrrhus ΙΙ, Ptolemy ΙΙ and a daughter, Phthia.[4] Beloch places the death of King Alexander II "about 255", and supports this date with an elaborate chain of reasoning.[5] On the death of Alexander, Olympias assumed the regency on behalf of her sons, and married Phthia to Demetrius.[4][6] There are extant silver and copper coins of this king. The former bear a youthful head covered with the skin of an elephant's head. The reverse represents Pallas holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other, and before her stands an eagle on a thunderbolt.[2][7][8][9]

Alexander II of Epirus on a cameo of agate

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Sampson, Gareth C. (2020-08-05). Rome & Parthia: Empires at War: Ventidius, Antony and the Second Romano-Parthian War, 40–20 BC. Pen and Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-5267-1015-4.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mason, Charles Peter (1867). "Alexander II". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 116.
  3. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Alexander II." . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 545.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Smith, William, ed. (1867). "Olympias (2)". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 23.
  5. ↑ Cross, Geoffrey Neale (2014). Epirus. Cambridge University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-107-45867-3.
  6. ↑ Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology, by Joseph Thomas - 1908 - page 90
  7. ↑ Justin, xvii. 1, xxvi. 2, 3, xxviii. 1
  8. ↑ Polybius, ii. 45, ix. 34
  9. ↑ Plutarch, Pyrrhus 9

Sources[edit]

Preceded by
Pyrrhus I 		King of Epirus
272–255 BC 		Succeeded by
Pyrrhus II

Template:Hellenistic rulers

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