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{{Infobox Officeholder
{{short description|7th Deputy Prime Minister of India}}
|name            = L. K. Advani
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
|image          = Lkadvani.jpg
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
|caption =  
{{Infobox officeholder
|office1         = [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|7th Deputy Prime Minister of India]]
| name                = Lal Krishna Advani
| president1 = [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]
| image              = Lkadvani.jpg
|primeminister1  = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| caption            = Advani in 2009
|term_start1     = 5 February 2002
| office1             = 7th [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]]
|term_end1       = 22 May 2004
| primeminister1      = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|predecessor1   = [[Chaudhary Devi Lal]]
| term_start1         = 29 June 2002
|successor1       = ''Vacant''
| term_end1           = 22 May 2004
|office2         = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| predecessor1       = [[Devi Lal]]
|primeminister2 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| successor1         = ''Vacant''
|term_start2     = 19 March 1998
| office2             = [[Ministry of Coal|Minister of Coal and Mines]]
|term_end2       = 22 May 2004
| primeminister2     = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|predecessor2    = [[Indrajit Gupta]]
| term_start2         = 1 July 2002
|successor2     = [[Shivraj Patil]]
| term_end2           = 26 August 2002
|office3         = [[Leader of Opposition]] ([[Lok Sabha]])
| office3            = [[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]
|term_start3    = May 2004
| primeminister3     = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|term_end3      = December 2009
| term_start3         = 29 January 2003
|predecessor3    = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| term_end3          = 21 May 2004
|successor3      = [[Sushma Swaraj]]
| successor3          = [[Manmohan Singh]]
|term_start4    = 1989
| office4            = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
|term_end4      = 1993
| primeminister4      = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|office5        = [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India)|Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]
| predecessor4        = [[Indrajit Gupta]]
|primeminister5 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| successor4          = [[Shivraj Patil]]
|term_start5    = 29 January 2003
| term_start4        = 19 March 1998
|term_end5      = 21 May 2004
| term_end4          = 22 May 2004
|predecessor5    =
| office5            = [[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]]
|successor5      =
| primeminister5     = [[Morarji Desai]]
|office6         = [[Ministry of Coal|Minister of Coal and Mines]]
| predecessor5        = [[Vidya Charan Shukla]]
|primeminister6  = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| successor5          = [[Purushottam Kaushik]]
|term_start6    = 1 July 2002
| term_start5        = 24 March 1977
|term_end6       = 25 August 2002
| term_end5          = 28 July 1979
|office7        = [[Leader of Opposition]] ([[Rajya Sabha]])
| office6             = 6th [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]]
|term_start7     = January 1980
| term_start6        = May 2004
|term_end7       = April 1980
| term_end6           = December 2009
|office8          =[[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]]
| predecessor6        = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| primeminister8 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| successor6          = [[Sushma Swaraj]]
|term_start8  =24 march 1977
| term_start7         = 1990
|term_end8     =28 july 1980
| term_end7           = 1993
|constituency_MP9= [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]]
| predecessor7        = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|parliament1    = [[Indian]]
| successor7          = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|term_start9    = 1998
| office8            = 5th [[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha]]
|term_end9       =
| term_start8        = January 1980
|predecessor9    = [[Vijay Patel]]
| term_end8           = April 1980
|successor9      =
| successor8          = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]
|birth_name      = Lal Krishna Advani
| predecessor8        = [[Kamalapati Tripathi]]
|birth_date      = {{birth date and age|1927|11|8|df=y}}
| office9            = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|birth_place    = [[Karachi]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]])
| constituency9       = [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]]
|death_date      =  
| term_start9        = 1998
|death_place    =
| term_end9          = 2019
|party          = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <small>(1980–present)</small>
| predecessor9        = [[Vijay Patel (politician)|Vijay Patel]]
|otherparty      = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] <small>(Before 1977)</small><br>[[Janata Party]] <small>(1977–80)</small>
| successor9          = [[Amit Shah]]
|spouse         = {{marriage|Kamla Advani|1932|2016}}
| term_start10        = 1991
|children        = [[Pratibha Advani]] (Daughter)<br>Jayant Advani (Son)
| term_end10          = 1996
|alma_mater      = [[University of Mumbai]]
| predecessor10      = [[Shankersinh Vaghela]]
|nationality    = [[India]]n
| successor10        = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|profession      = [[Politician]], [[Activist]]
| constituency10      = [[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]]
|awards         = [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| term_start11        = 1989
| term_end11          = 1991
| predecessor11      = [[Krishna Chandra Pant]]
| successor11        = [[Rajesh Khanna]]
| office12            = [[Delhi Metropolitan Council|Chairman, Delhi Metropolitan Council]]
| term_start12        = 28 March 1967
| term_end12         = 19 April 1970
| predecessor12      = Jag Parvesh Chandra
| successor12        = Shyam Charan Gupta
| deputy12            = Shyam Charan Gupta
| office13            = [[President of the Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| term_start13        = 1986
| term_end13          = 1991
| predecessor13      = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| successor13        = [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]
| term_start14        = 1993
| term_end14          = 1998
| predecessor14      = [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]
| successor14        = [[Kushabhau Thakre]]
| term_start15        = 2004
| term_end15         = 2005
| predecessor15      = [[Venkaiah Naidu]]
| successor15        = [[Rajnath Singh]]
| birth_name          = Lal Krishna Advani
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1927|11|8|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Karachi]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br/>(present-day [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]])
| death_date          =
| death_place        =
| party              = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| otherparty          =
| spouse              = {{marriage|Kamla Advani|1965|2016|end=died}}
| children            = [[Pratibha Advani]] (Daughter)<br/>Jayant Advani (Son)
| Education          = [[University of Mumbai]] ([[LLB]])
| awards              = [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| signature          = Lal Krishna Advani Signature.png
| image_size          =
}}
'''Lal Krishna Advani''' (born 8 November 1927) is an Indian politician who served as the [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|7th Deputy Prime Minister of India]] from 2002 to 2004. Advani is one of the co-founders and a senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He is a long time member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], a [[Hindutva|volunteer]] organisation. He is also the longest serving [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] in the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] government from 1998 to 2004. He was the [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[10th Lok Sabha]] and [[14th Lok Sabha]] and also the longest serving person of this post.<ref name="LSMB">{{cite web|title=Members Bioprofile|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=9|publisher=Lok Sabha of India/National Informatics Centre, New Delhi|access-date=27 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617072553/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=9|archive-date=17 June 2012}}</ref> He was the Prime Ministerial candidate of BJP in 2009.
 
Advani began his political career as a volunteer of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], a volunteer organisation. He, along with [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], is credited for rise of BJP from 2 seats in 1984 to 182 seats in 1998. In
2015 he was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian honour. He has held numerous positions in his career.
 
==Early and personal life==
L. K. Advani was born in [[Karachi]], [[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sindh]], [[British Raj|British India]] in a [[Sindhi Hindu]] family of businessmen<ref name="lka">{{cite web|url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/beta2/tft/article.php?issue=20110930&page=7|title=Friday Times : Analysis: Trading with India|access-date=6 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006183815/http://www.thefridaytimes.com/beta2/tft/article.php?issue=20110930&page=7|archive-date=6 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> to parents Kishanchand D. Advani and Gyani Devi.<ref name="lka"/> He completed his early schooling from [[Saint Patrick's High School, Karachi]], [[Sind Province (1936-1955)|Sindh]] and then enrolled in Government College [[Hyderabad (Pakistan)|Hyderabad]], [[Sind Province (1936-1955)|Sindh]]. His family migrated to India during [[Partition of India|Partition]] and settled down in [[Bombay]], where he graduated in Law from the [[Government Law College, Mumbai|Government Law College]] of the [[Mumbai University|Bombay University]], where he became friends with Deewan Parmanand Gangwani, and considered him, [[Ram Jethmalani]] and A.K Brohi the best lawyers produced by [[Government Law College, Mumbai|Government Law College]].<ref name=LS/><ref name=MalikSingh>{{cite book |last1=Malik |first1=Yogendra K. |last2=Singh |first2=V.B. |title=Hindu Nationalists in India: The Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party |date=1994 |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, Colorado |isbn=978-0-8133-8810-6 |pages=40–43}}</ref>
 
L. K. Advani married Kamla Advani in February 1965. He has a son, Jayant, and a daughter, [[Pratibha Advani|Pratibha]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Will LK Advani's son live up to his father's image? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/will-lk-advanis-son-live-up-to-his-fathers-image-1523797.html |access-date=5 April 2019 |work=Firstpost |date=14 May 2014}}</ref> Pratibha Advani produces TV serial shows, and also supports her father in his political activities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sahgal |first1=Priya |title=A Tale of Two Daughters |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/column-off-the-record/story/a-tale-of-two-daughters-45777-2009-04-27 |website=India Today |publisher=India Today |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> His wife died on 6 April 2016 due to old age.<ref>{{cite news |title=LK Advani bids adieu to wife Kamla; Swaraj, Manmohan, Amit Shah at funeral |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/picture-gallery-others/l-k-advanis-wife-kamla-advani-passes-aways-rare-family-pics/ |access-date=5 April 2019 |work=The Indian Express |date=7 April 2016 }}</ref> Despite no longer being an MP, Advani lives in an official bungalow in Delhi due to security considerations, as of June 2019.<ref>{{cite web | title = About LK Advani, A Timeline | publisher=BJPHaryana.org | url = https://www.bjpharyana.org/lkadvani.php  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Roy Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan|date=29 June 2019|title=Lutyens' Zone: Sushma Swaraj to vacate, LK Advani & MM Joshi may retain bungalows|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lutyens-zone-sushma-swaraj-to-vacate-lk-advani-mm-joshi-may-retain-bungalows/articleshow/69998385.cms|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref>
 
==Political career==
===Early career===
Advani joined the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) in 1941 as a 14-year-old boy.<ref>'My idea of happiness is good books', interview in EYE, the Indian Express, 19–25 September 2010.</ref> He became a [[pracharak]] (full-time worker) of the Karachi branch and developed several [[shakhas]] there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-incomplete-without-sindh-advani/|title=India 'incomplete' without Sindh: Advani|date=15 January 2017|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115121812/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-incomplete-without-sindh-advani/|archive-date=15 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> After Partition, Advani was sent as a ''pracharak'' to Matsya-Alwar in [[Rajasthan]], which had witnessed communal violence following [[partition of India|Partition]]. He worked in [[Alwar district|Alwar]], [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]], [[Kota district|Kota]], [[Bundi district|Bundi]] and [[Jhalawar district|Jhalawar]] districts until 1952.<ref name=Jaffrelot>{{cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|title=The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |year=1996 |isbn=978-1850653011 |page=237}}</ref>
 
===Bharatiya Jana Sangh===
Advani became a member of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]], also known simply as the Jana Sangh, a political party founded in 1951 by [[Syama Prasad Mookerjee]] in collaboration with the RSS. He was appointed as the secretary to [[S. S. Bhandari]], then General Secretary of the Jana Sangh in Rajasthan. In 1957, he was moved to Delhi to look after the Parliamentary affairs. He soon became the general secretary and, later, President of the Delhi unit of the Jana Sangh. During 1966 to 1967 he served as the leader of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] in the [[Delhi Metropolitan Council|Interim Delhi Metropolitan Council]]. After the [[1967 Delhi Metropolitan Council election|1967 elections]], he was elected as the Chairman of the [[Delhi Metropolitan Council|First Delhi Metropolitan Council]] and served till 1970.<ref name="LSMB"/><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2783364 |title=Proposal to nominate a member to the Delhi Metropolation [sic] Council Vice Shri L.K. Advani |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs: Delhi Section |year=1971 |location=New Delhi |pages=2 |quote="Shri L. K. Advani who was the chairman of the Metropolitan Council, was elected as member of the Rajya Sabha in the last elections and his seat has fallen vacant in the Council. He was from the Jan Sangh Party." |access-date=21 September 2022 |url-access=registration |via=[[National Archives of India]]}}</ref> He also assisted [[K. R. Malkani]] in editing the RSS weekly [[Organiser (newspaper)|''Organiser'']], and became a member of the national executive in 1966.<ref name="Jaffrelot" />
 
He became a member of the Rajya Sabha from Delhi for the six-year tenure from 1970.<ref name="Rajya Sabha">{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/alphabeticallist_all_terms.aspx |title=List of Rajya Sabha members Since 1952 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109030114/http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/alphabeticallist_all_terms.aspx |archive-date=9 January 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After serving various positions in the Jana Sangh, he became its President in 1973 at the Kanpur session of the party working committee meeting. His first act as president of the BJS was to expel founder member and veteran leader [[Balraj Madhok]] from primary membership of the party for supposedly violating the party directives and acting against the interests of the party. He was a Rajya Sabha member from Gujarat from 1976 to 1982.<ref name="Rajya Sabha" /> After the Indira Gandhi's [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]], the Jana Sangh and many other opposition parties merged into the [[Janata Party]]. Advani and colleague [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] fought the [[Lok Sabha Elections]] of 1977 as members of the Janata Party.{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
 
===Janata Party to Bharatiya Janata Party===
The [[Janata Party]] was formed by political leaders and activists of various political parties who had been united in opposing the state of Emergency imposed in 1975 by then-Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zarhani|first=Seyed Hossein|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3tqDwAAQBAJ|title=Governance and Development in India: A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar after Liberalization|publisher=Routledge|year=2018|isbn=978-1-351-25518-9|pages=189}}</ref> After elections were called in 1977, the Janata Party was formed from the union of the Congress (O), the Swatantra Party, the Socialist Party of India, the Jana Sangh and the Lok Dal. [[Jagjivan Ram]] split from the [[Indian National Congress]], bringing a small faction known as the Congress for Democracy with him, and joined the Janata alliance. The widespread unpopularity of Emergency rule gave the Janata Party and its allies a landslide victory in the election.<ref name="B">{{cite book|author=G. G. Mirchandani|title=320 Million Judges|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2003|isbn=81-7017-061-3|pages=90–100}}</ref> [[Morarji Desai]] became the [[Prime Minister of India]], Advani became the [[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]] and Vajpayee became the [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Foreign Minister]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Basu|first=Amrita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTrjCQAAQBAJ|title=Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India|date=30 June 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-08963-1|pages=69}}</ref>
 
The erstwhile members of the Jana Sangh quit the Janata Party and formed the new Bharatiya Janata Party. Advani became a prominent leader of the newly founded BJP and represented the party in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (upper house of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]]) from Madhya Pradesh for two terms beginning in 1982.<ref name=LS/><ref name="Rajya Sabha" />
 
===The rise of the BJP===
{{Further|Ram Rath Yatra}}
[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was appointed the first president of the new party. [[Ramachandra Guha]] writes that despite the factional wars within the Janata government, its period in power had seen a rise in support for the RSS, marked by a wave of communal violence in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guha|first=Ramachandra|title=India After Gandhi|year=2007|publisher=MacMillan|pages=563–564}}</ref> Despite this, the BJP under Vajpayee initially took a more moderate approach to Hindutva, to gain a wider appeal. This strategy was unsuccessful, as the BJP won only two Lok Sabha seats in the elections of 1984.<ref name=Malik>{{cite journal|last1=Malik|first1=Yogendra K.|first2=V. B.|last2=Singh|title=Bharatiya Janata Party: An Alternative to the Congress (I)?|journal=Asian Survey|date=April 1992|volume=32|issue=4|pages=318–336|jstor=2645149|doi=10.2307/2645149}}</ref> A few months prior to the election, [[Indira Gandhi]] was assassinated, creating a sympathy wave for the Congress that also contributed to the BJP's low tally, as the Congress won a record number of seats. This failure led to a shift in the party's stance; Advani was appointed party president, and the BJP returned to the hardline Hindutva of its predecessor.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guha|first=Ramachandra|title=India After Gandhi|year=2007|publisher=MacMillan}}</ref>
 
Under Advani, the BJP became the political face of the [[Ayodhya dispute]] over the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]]. In the early 1980s, the [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] (VHP) had begun a movement for the construction of a temple dedicated to the Hindu deity [[Rama]] at the site of the [[Babri mosque|Babri Masjid]] in [[Ayodhya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/744403/in-the-times-of-yakub-memon-remembering-the-babri-masjid-demolition-cases|title=In the times of Yakub Memon, remembering the Babri Masjid demolition cases|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730231427/http://scroll.in/article/744403/in-the-times-of-yakub-memon-remembering-the-babri-masjid-demolition-cases|archive-date=30 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The agitation was on the basis of the belief that the site was the birthplace of Rama, and that a temple once stood there that had been demolished by the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] emperor [[Babur]] when he constructed the Babri mosque. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has supported the claim that a Hindu structure once stood at the site, without commenting on a possible demolition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Evidence of temple found: ASI|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030826/main6.htm|date=25 August 2003|access-date=3 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411193402/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030826/main6.htm|archive-date=11 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-week.com/23sep07/events1.htm |title=Layers of truth|work = The Week|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050323101829/http://www.the-week.com/23sep07/events1.htm|archive-date = 23 March 2005}}</ref> The BJP threw its support behind this campaign, and made it a part of their election manifesto, which provided rich dividends in the general elections of 1989. Despite the Congress winning a plurality in the election, it declined to form a government, and so the [[National Front (India)|National Front]] government of [[VP Singh]] was sworn in. The support of the BJP, with its tally of 86 seats, was crucial to the new government.<ref name="Guha2007">{{cite book|last=Guha|first=Ramachandra|title=India After Gandhi|year=2007|publisher=MacMillan|pages=582–598}}</ref>
 
{{Blockquote|text=The choice of Somnath as the starting point of the yatra had a powerful symbolic value, made evident by repeated references to it as the target of Muslim tyranny against the Hindus…The intention was to contextualise Ayodhya in the historical lineage of Muslim aggression and then to seek legitimacy for Mandir movement by drawing a parallel. The parallel the Sangh Parivar drew was with the reconstruction of the Somnath temple.|author=L. K. Advani|title=|source=''My Country My Life''<ref name="WireProvocateur19">{{Cite web|title=L.K. Advani, the Provocateur in Chief|url=https://thewire.in/politics/the-provocateur-in-chief-l-k-advani|first=Kabir|last=Agarwal|date=9 November 2019|access-date=2020-06-28|website=The Wire}}</ref>}}
 
Advani embarked on a "Rath Yatra", or chariot journey, to mobilise ''karsevaks'', or volunteers, to converge upon the Babri Masjid to offer prayers. This Rath Yatra, undertaken in an air-conditioned van decorated to look like a chariot, began from [[Somnath]] in Gujarat and covered a large portion of Northern India until it was stopped by the Chief Minister of Bihar, [[Laloo Prasad Yadav|Lalu Prasad Yadav]], on the grounds that it was leading to communal violence. In the 1991 general elections, the BJP won the second largest number of seats, after the Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1990-L.K. Advani's rath yatra: Chariot of fire|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20091228-1990-l.k.-advanis-rath-yatra-chariot-of-fire-741621-2009-12-24|last=Sahgal|first=Priya|date=28 December 2009|website=India Today|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> While on the Yatra, Advani carried symbols of the Hindu religion and made multiple speeches regarding the "Hindu society's alleged failure to protect its shrines from desecration by Muslim conquerors".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Panikkar|first=K. N.|date=1993|title=Religious Symbols and Political Mobilization: The Agitation for a Mandir at Ayodhya|journal=Social Scientist|volume=21|issue=7/8|pages=63–78|doi=10.2307/3520346|jstor=3520346}}</ref>
 
In 1992, two years after Advani ended his yatra, despite assurances given by the [[Kalyan Singh]]-led BJP Government to the [[supreme court of India|Supreme Court]], the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid|Babri Masjid was demolished]] by communal forces, with alleged complicity of the Kalyan Singh government.<ref>{{cite web|title=Muslims can never forgive Kalyan over Babri issue|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Muslims-can-never-forgive-Kalyan-over-Babri-issue/419656/|work=Express India|access-date=27 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121102810/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Muslims-can-never-forgive-Kalyan-over-Babri-issue/419656/|archive-date=21 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Babri demolition & failure of Muslim leadership|url=http://www.zeenews.com/news657090.html|publisher=Zee News India|access-date=27 April 2011|date=27 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002222522/http://www.zeenews.com/news657090.html|archive-date=2 October 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> IPS Officer Anju Gupta reported that Advani delivered a provocative speech prior to the Masjid's demolition.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Advani fuelled fire that razed Babri: IPS officer|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/ips-officer-testifies-to-cbi-on-babri-demolition/20100326.htm|first=Sharat|last=Pradhan|date=26 March 2010|access-date=28 June 2020|website=Rediff}}</ref> Advani was among the accused in the Babri Masjid case.<ref>{{cite news|title=SC notice to Advani, Thackeray in Babri demolition case|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-04/india/28658386_1_demolition-case-allahabad-high-court-bal-thackeray|access-date=27 April 2011|date=4 March 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713223048/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-04/india/28658386_1_demolition-case-allahabad-high-court-bal-thackeray|archive-date=13 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Vakasha|last=Sachdev|date=6 December 2019|title='Vindicated' LK Advani Remains on Trial in Babri Demolition Case|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/babri-masjid-demolition-criminal-case-conspiracy-lk-advani-vindicated-ayodhya-verdict|access-date=28 June 2020|website=The Quint}}</ref>
 
On 30 September 2020, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI's]] special court acquitted Advani and released him from all charges.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Advani on being acquitted from Babri demolition case.|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jai-shri-ram-advani-on-being-acquitted-from-babri-demolition-case/articleshow/78402831.cms|access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> The CBI judge while acquitting Advani mentioned that the demolition was not pre-planned and that the accused were "trying to stop the mob and not incite them".<ref>{{cite news |title=From Nation of Donkeys to 'Black Day for Democracy': English Editorials Slam Babri Verdict |url=https://thewire.in/media/newspaper-editorials-babri-masjid-demolition-verdict |work=[[The Wire (India)]] |date=2 October 2020 |access-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Babri accused tried to stop mob, not incite them |url=https://news.rediff.com/commentary/2020/sep/30/babri-accused-tried-to-stop-mob-not-incite-them/577b595b886fd7890e30173a4bdff9c0 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=30 September 2020 |access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref>
 
===1996 General Elections===
After the 1996 general elections, the BJP became the single largest party and was consequently invited by the [[President of India|President]] to form the Government. However, Advani himself did not contest the 1996 elections from any constituency over allegations of involvement in the [[Hawala scandal]].<ref>{{cite news |url =https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lk-advani-parliamentary-history-2019-lok-sabha-elections-1077707-2017-11-01|title =How Advani will create Parliamentary history whether he contests 2019 Lok Sabha elections or not|publisher =[[India Today Group]]|quote =But, he resigned in 1996 in the wake of the Jain hawala diary case. He chose not to contest 1996 Lok Sabha election till his name was cleared.|location =[[New Delhi]] |date =1 November 2017|website =indiatoday.in|author =Kumar Shakti Shekhar|access-date =15 July 2020}}</ref> [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was sworn in as Prime Minister in May 1996. However, the Government did not last long and Vajpayee resigned after thirteen days.<ref>{{Cite web|title=When Atal Bihari Vajpayee showed the world how to resign in style|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/atal-bihari-vajpayee-parliament-trust-vote-1996-speech-resign-1316838-2018-08-17|last=Goswami|first=Dev|date=17 August 2018|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
 
===Second term (1998–99)===
After two years in the political wilderness, the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA), came to power with Vajpayee returning as Prime Minister in March 1998, when elections were called after India saw two unstable Governments headed by [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] and [[I. K. Gujral]] respectively.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=How Atal Bihari Vajpayee ended BJP's untouchability|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/how-atal-bihari-vajpayee-ended-bjp-s-untouchability-1317105-2018-08-17|last=Shakti Shekhar|first=Kumar|date=17 August 2018|website=India Today|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
 
After the fall of two United Front government between 1996 and 1998 (H. D. Deve Gowda and I. K. Gujral), the Lok Sabha, (lower house) of India's Parliament was dissolved and new elections were held. Now, a coalition of political parties signed up with BJP to form the Nationwide Democratic Alliance (NDA), headed by A. B. Vajpayee. The NDA won a majority of seats in parliament. However, the govt survived only 13 several months until mid-1999 when [[All Indian Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) under [[J. Jayalalitha]] withdrew its assistance to the government. With the NDA no longer having a majority, the Parliament was again dissolved and new elections were organised. Vajpayee remained the Prime Minister until elections were organised.<ref name=":0" />
 
=== Deputy Prime minister===
Advani assumed the office of [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] and was later elevated to the position of Deputy Prime Minister.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Advani appointed deputy prime minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Advani-appointed-deputy-prime-minister/articleshow/14487268.cms|date=29 June 2002|website=The Times of India|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> As Union Minister, Advani had a tough time with India facing a string of internal disturbances in the form of rebel attacks allegedly supported by [[Pakistan]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} The NDA government lasted for its full term of five years till 2004, the first non-Congress government to do so.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1dZC9ITxgwC|title=Wondering Man, Money & Go(l)d|publisher=Wondering Man|isbn=978-1-84693-016-4|pages=24|language=en}}</ref>
 
[[File:Condoleezza Rice meets L.K. Advani, New Delhi, 2005.jpg|thumb|right| 280px|Lal Krishna Advani with [[Condoleezza Rice]] in 2005]]
Advani was charged in a scandal where he allegedly received payments through [[hawala]] brokers. He and others were later discharged by the [[Supreme Court of India]], because there was no additional evidence that could be used to charge them.<ref name="indianexpress.com">[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980303/06250324.html "SC clears Advani, Shukla in hawala case"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122210136/http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980303/06250324.html |date=22 January 2009 }}, ''The Indian Express'', 3 March 1998.</ref> According to the judicial inquiry by [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) they could not find any substantive evidence; the Supreme Court ruling stated that no statement even mentioned Advani's name and that evidence against him was limited to the mention of his name on a few loose sheets of paper.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/>
 
However, the failure of this prosecution by the CBI was widely criticised.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/advani-has-hit-bulls-eye-each-time/articleshow/590391.cms Advani has hit bull's eye each time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330071957/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Advani-has-hit-bulls-eye-each-time/articleshow/590391.cms |date=30 March 2013 }} Times of India – 30 March 2004</ref> While some believe the CBI probe catapulted his rise through the BJP on his newfound "[[moral authority]]",<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051230/asp/opinion/story_5658515.asp "Advani's influence in the BJP sprang from his moral authority"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206134942/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051230/asp/opinion/story_5658515.asp |date=6 December 2008 }}, ''The Telegraph'', Calcutta, 30 December 2005.</ref> others have claimed the inquiry was a political stunt.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980916/25951004.html "Which Jain? What Hawala?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123230406/http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980916/25951004.html |date=23 January 2009 }}, ''The Indian Express'', 15 September 1998.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ex-official-says-hawala-probe-was-manipulated/articleshow/589213.cms?referral=PM|title=Ex-official says hawala probe was manipulated|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 November 2006|access-date=27 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704122654/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ex-official-says-hawala-probe-was-manipulated/articleshow/589213.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=4 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
As elections approached in 2004, Advani was supremely confident and conducted an aggressive campaign. The BJP suffered a defeat in the general elections held in 2004, and was forced to sit in the opposition.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2014|title=LK Advani warns of 2004 redux, showers praise on party's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lk-advani-warns-of-2004-redux-showers-praise-on-partys-prime-ministerial-candidate-narendra-modi/articleshow/29082888.cms|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> Another coalition, the [[United Progressive Alliance]] led by the resurgent Congress came to power, with [[Manmohan Singh]] as Prime Minister.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ruparelia|first=Sanjay|date=2005|title=Managing the United Progressive Alliance: The Challenges Ahead|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=40|issue=24|pages=2407–2412|jstor=4416746|issn=0012-9976}}</ref>
 
Vajpayee retired from active politics after the 2004 defeat, putting Advani to the forefront of the BJP.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sengupta|first=Somini|date=31 December 2005|title=Former Premier Vajpayee Retires From Indian Politics at 81|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/31/world/asia/former-premier-vajpayee-retires-from-indian-politics-at-81.html|access-date=10 May 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Advani became [[Leader of the Opposition (India)#Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] from 2004 to 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lal Krishna Advani {{!}} Biography & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lal-Krishna-Advani|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> During this period, Advani had to deal with rebellion from within the party. His two close associates, [[Uma Bharati]], and [[Madan Lal Khurana]], and longtime rival [[Murali Manohar Joshi]] publicly spoke out against him. In June 2005, he drew much criticism when he, while on a visit to the Jinnah Mausoleum at Karachi – his town of birth, endorsed [[Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] and described him a "secular" leader. This did not sit well with the RSS either and Advani was forced to relinquish his post as BJP president. However, he withdrew the resignation a few days later.<ref>{{Cite news|title=L K Advani resigns for 3rd time in 8 years, once over row on Jinnah remarks|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/l-k-advani-resigns-for-3rd-time-in-8-years-once-over-row-on-jinnah-remarks/articleshow/20524464.cms|access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref>
 
The relationship between Advani and the RSS reached a low point when the latter's chief [[K. S. Sudarshan]] opined in April 2005 that both Advani and Vajpayee give way to new leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldstory.php?storyid=68121|title=Atal, Advani should step aside, let young rise: RSS chief|date=11 April 2005|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> At the Silver Jubilee celebrations of the BJP in [[Mumbai]] in December 2005, Advani stepped down as party president and [[Rajnath Singh]], a relatively junior politician from the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] was elected in his place. In March 2006, following a bomb blast at a Hindu shrine at [[Varanasi]], Advani undertook a "Bharat Suraksha Yatra" (Sojourn for National Security), to highlight the alleged failure of the ruling United Progressive Alliance in combating terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 June 2013|title=Advani resigns for 3rd time in 8 years, once over row on Jinnah remarks|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/advani-resigns-for-3rd-time-in-8-years-once-over-row-on-jinnah-remarks/story-28cfjVrLxsbMXxNYXv3QgI.html|access-date=6 August 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
 
===Prime Minister candidacy===
[[File:Advani on black money - Al Jazeera English - 5483x3368 crop.jpg|thumb|right|Advani discussing [[black money]] in a rally during the election campaign of 2009.]]
In an interview with a news channel in December 2006, Advani stated that as the Leader of the Opposition in a parliamentary democracy, he considered himself the Prime Ministerial candidate for the general elections, ending on 16 May 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-12-11/india/27823025_1_l-k-advani-rajnath-singh-pakistan-visit|title=I'll be candidate for PM: Advani|date=11 December 2006|access-date=30 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219142107/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-12-11/india/27823025_1_l-k-advani-rajnath-singh-pakistan-visit|archive-date=19 December 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of his colleagues were not supportive of his candidacy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/764246.cms|title=Advani opens his heart, and a can of worms|date=11 December 2006|work=The Economic Times|location=India|access-date=3 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214143219/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/764246.cms|archive-date=14 December 2006|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
A major factor in favour of Advani was that he had always been the most powerful leader in the BJP with the exception of Vajpayee, who endorsed Advani's candidacy. On 2 May 2007, BJP President Rajnath Singh stated that: "After Atal there is only Advani. Advani is the natural choice. It is he who should be PM".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-05-02/india/27883339_1_mohan-rao-bhagwat-vajpayee-and-advani-suresh-soni|title=LK 'natural' choice for PM: Rajnath|date=2 May 2007|author=Mohua Chatterjee, TNN|access-date=30 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219143857/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-05-02/india/27883339_1_mohan-rao-bhagwat-vajpayee-and-advani-suresh-soni|archive-date=19 December 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 10 December 2007, the Parliamentary Board of BJP formally announced that L. K. Advani would be its prime ministerial candidate for the general elections due in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Finally, BJP announces Advani as PM candidate|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/the-week-that-was/finally-bjp-announces-advani-as-pm-candidate/articleshow/2625253.cms|access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref>
 
However, [[Indian National Congress]] and its allies won the 2009 general elections, allowing incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to continue in office. Following the defeat in the elections, L. K. Advani paved the way for [[Sushma Swaraj]] to become the [[Leader of the Opposition (India)#Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8421132.stm|title=New India opposition leader named |work=[[BBC News]]|date=18 December 2009|access-date=27 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news  |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/article67005.ece  |title=Advani quits as Leader of Opposition  |access-date=18 December 2009 |newspaper=The Hindu  |date=18 December 2009 |last1=Vyas  |first1=Neena  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219182548/http://www.thehindu.com/news/article67005.ece  |archive-date=19 December 2013 |url-status=live    }}</ref> However later he was elected Working Chairman of the [[National Democratic Alliance]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 February 2010|title=NDA elects Advani 'working chairman'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/nda-elects-advani-working-chairman/story-aO8FS7uLOopcwWwOrojczL.html|access-date=3 February 2021|work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
 
===Marg Darshak Mandal===
In 2014, Advani joined the ''Marg Darshak Mandal'' (vision committee) of the BJP along with [[Murli Manohar Joshi]] and [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].<ref>[http://ibnlive.in.com/news/no-advani-joshi-vajpayee-in-bjp-parliamentary-board-party-makes-marg-darshak-mandal-for-them/494440-37-64.html "No Advani, Joshi, Vajpayee in BJP Parliamentary Board, party makes Marg Darshak Mandal for them"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829023013/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/no-advani-joshi-vajpayee-in-bjp-parliamentary-board-party-makes-marg-darshak-mandal-for-them/494440-37-64.html |date=29 August 2014 }}, IBN Live, 26 August 2014.</ref>


|website        = [http://www.lkadvani.in/ Official website]
===Rath Yatras===
|signature      =  
In a bid to boost the popularity of the BJP and unify the Hindutva ideology, Advani organised 6 long distance rath yatras or processions across the country, starting in 1987.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?278312 |title=The Eternal Charioteer &#124; Prarthna Gahilote |publisher=Outlookindia.com |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518072411/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?278312 |archive-date=18 May 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
}}
 
'''Lal Krishna Advani''' (born 8 November 1927) known as '''L. K. Advani''' is an Indian politician and a senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). He co-founded the party in April 1980.
#''[[Ram Rath Yatra]]'': Advani started his first ''Rath Yatra'' from Somnath, [[Gujarat]]<ref name="lkadvani1">{{cite web |url=http://www.lkadvani.in/eng/content/view/449/295/ |title=LK Advani – Portal – Ram Rath Yatra |publisher=Lkadvani.in |date=25 September 1990 |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822231302/http://www.lkadvani.in/eng/content/view/449/295/ |archive-date=22 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> on 25 September 1990 to finally reach Ayodhya on 30 October 1990. The ''yatra'' has been linked to the ''Mandir-Masjid'' dispute centred around ''Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid'' site at Ayodhya. The BJP and Advani, however, focused the yatra on the secularism–communalism debate. The yatra was stopped in Bihar by [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], then Chief Minister of Bihar and was arrested on the orders of [[V. P. Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]], then Prime Minister of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/blog/lalu-yadav-on-why-and-how-he-arrested-lk-advani-on-october-23-1990-1784734|title=Why And How I Arrested LK Advani By Lalu Yadav|access-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207105505/https://www.ndtv.com/blog/lalu-yadav-on-why-and-how-he-arrested-lk-advani-on-october-23-1990-1784734|archive-date=7 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
#''Janadesh Yatra'': Four ''Yatras'' named ''Janadesh Yatra''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lkadvani.in/eng/content/view/451/295/ |title=LK Advani – Portal – Janadesh Yatra |publisher=Lkadvani.in |date=11 September 1993 |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627154935/http://www.lkadvani.in/eng/content/view/451/295/ |archive-date=27 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> started on 11 September 1993 from four corners of country. Advani led this yatra from [[Mysore]]. Travelling through 14 States and two Union Territories, the ''yatris'' congregated at Bhopal on 25 September in a massive rally. The purpose of ''Janadesh Yatra''was to seek the people's mandate against the two Bills, the Constitution 80th Amendment Bill and the Representation of People (Amendment) Bill.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=151&Itemid=467 |title=Janadesh Yatra : Shri L K Advani |publisher=Bjp.org |date=11 September 1993 |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614225113/http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=151&Itemid=467 |archive-date=14 June 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
#''Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra'': The ''Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra'' by Mr. Advani travelled across India between May and July 1997. According to Mr.Advani, the ''yatra'' was conducted in celebration of 50 years of Indian Independence and also to project the BJP as a party committed to good governance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=152&Itemid=468 |title=Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra : Shri L K Advani |publisher=Bjp.org |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613001601/http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=152&Itemid=468 |archive-date=13 June 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
#''Bharat Uday Yatra'': The ''Bharat Uday Yatra'' took place in the run-up to the 2004 Lok Sabha Elections.<ref>{{cite web |author=Press Trust India |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=29187 |title=Advani kickstarts Bharat Uday Yatra |work=Express India |date=10 March 2004 |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121102741/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=29187 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
#''Bharat Suraksha Yatra'': The BJP launched a nationwide mass political campaign in the form of the ''Bharat Suraksha Yatra'' from 6 April to 10 May 2006. It consisted of two yatras – one led by Advani, Leader of the Opposition (Lok Sabha), from Dwaraka in Gujarat to Delhi; and the other led by [[Rajnath Singh]], then the President of the BJP, from Jagannath Puri in Orissa to Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/17yatra.htm |title=Advani to begin from Gujarat; Rajnath from Orissa – Rediff.com India News |work=Rediff.com |date=17 March 2006 |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524114751/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/17yatra.htm |archive-date=24 May 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The yatra was focused on left wing terrorism, minority politics, corruption, protection of democracy and price rise.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=154&Itemid=470 |title=Bharat Suraksha Yatra : Shri L K Advani |publisher=Bjp.org |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611053223/http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=154&Itemid=470 |archive-date=11 June 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
#''Jan Chetna Yatra'': The ''Jan Chetna Yatra'' was launched on 11 October 2011 from Sitab Diara, Bihar. The BJP states the purpose of ''Jan Chetna Yatra'' is to mobilise public opinion against corruption of the UPA government and put BJP agenda of good governance and clean politics before the people of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janchetnayatra.com/index/about-jan-chetna-yatra/ |title=About Jan Chetna Yatra &#124; |publisher=Janchetnayatra.com |date=20 November 2011 |access-date=11 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626120403/http://www.janchetnayatra.com/index/about-jan-chetna-yatra/ |archive-date=26 June 2012 }}</ref>
 
==Writings==
''[[My Country My Life]]'' is an autobiographical book by L. K. Advani. The book was released on 19 March 2008 by Abdul Kalam, the eleventh President of India. The book has 1,040 pages and narrates autobiographical accounts and events in the life of Advani. The book became a best seller in the non-fiction category.{{Citation needed|reason=a citation is needed for this statement|date=July 2017}} The book includes mentions of events in Indian politics and India's history from 1900 till 2007.{{Citation needed|reason=a citation is needed for this statement|date=July 2017}}
* ''[[As I See It]]: LK Advani's Blog Posts'' (2011). {{ISBN|978-8129118769}}.<ref>[https://www.amazon.co.uk/As-See-Advanis-Blog-Posts/dp/8129118769/ref=la_B001JON7GU_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1444124321&sr=1-2 "As I See it: LK Advani's Blog Posts"], Amazon.com.</ref>
* ''[[My Country My Life]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Advani, L. K., 1927-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/221287960|title=My country my life|date=2008|publisher=Rupa & Co|isbn=978-81-291-1363-4|location=New Delhi|oclc=221287960}}</ref> {{ISBN|978-81-291-1363-4}}.
* ''New Approaches to Security and Development'' (2003). (Paperback) <ref>{{Cite book|last=Advani, L. K., 1927-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/867796807|title=New approaches to security and development|date=2003|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|others=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.|isbn=978-981-230-614-2|location=Singapore|oclc=867796807}}</ref>{{ISBN|978-981-230-219-9}}.
* ''A Prisoner's Scrap-Book'' (2002). (Hardcover)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Advani, L. K., 1927-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51752185|title=A prisoner's scrap-book|date=2002|publisher=Ocean Books|isbn=81-88322-10-5|location=New Delhi|oclc=51752185}}</ref> {{ISBN|978-81-88322-10-7}}.
* Nazarband Loktantra (2016).(Hardcover) <ref>{{Cite book|last=Āḍavāṇī, Lālakrishńa.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50640962|title=Nazarbaṇda lokataṇtra|date=2002|publisher=Prabht̄a Prakāśana|isbn=81-7315-399-X|location=Dill ̄|oclc=50640962}}</ref> {{ISBN|817315399X}}.
* Drishtikon (2016).(Hardcover)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Advani, L. K., 1927-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/823027286|title=Dr̥shṭikoṇa : blôga para bāteṃ|year=2012|isbn=978-93-5048-142-4|edition=Saṃskaraṇa prathama|location=Dillī|oclc=823027286}}</ref>{{ISBN|9789350481424}}
* Rashtra Sarvopari. (2014).(Hardcover)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Advani, L. K., 1927-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/904246754|title=Rāshṭra sarvopari|date=January 2014 |isbn=978-93-5048-549-1|edition=Saṃskaraṇa prathama|location=Dillī|oclc=904246754}}</ref> {{ISBN|9789350485491}}
 
== Opinions ==
 
* In 2005, while visiting Pakistan, he praised [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]  and his [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah's 11 August Speech|speech of 11 August 1947]] for promoting a [[secular state]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1050605/asp/nation/story_4828954.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051112135843/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050605/asp/nation/story_4828954.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 November 2005|title=Advani salutes 'secular' Jinnah|newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref>


Advani served as [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] in the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] government from 1998 to 2004. He served as [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|7th Deputy Prime Minister of India]] from 2002 to 2004 under [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. He was the [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[10th Lok Sabha]] and [[14th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Members Bioprofile|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=9|publisher=Lok Sabha of India/National Informatics Centre, New Delhi|accessdate=27 April 2011|archive-date=1 August 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69a8Ajp22?url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=9|url-status=dead}}</ref> Advani began his political career as a volunteer of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], a right-wing Hindu nationalist organisation.
==Positions==
{{BLP sources section|date=October 2022}}
* 1967–70: Chairman, Metropolitan Council, Delhi<ref name=LS>{{cite web|url=http://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=9|title=Detailed Profile: Shri Lal Krishna Advani|publisher=India.gov.in|access-date=27 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427181042/http://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=9|archive-date=27 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>  
* 1970–72: President, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]], Delhi
* 1970–89: Member, [[Rajya Sabha]] (four terms)
* 1973–77: President, Jana Sangh
* 1977: General-Secretary, [[Janata Party]]
* 1977–79: Union Cabinet Minister, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]
* 1977–79: Leader of the House, Rajya Sabha
* 1980–86: General Secretary, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
* 1980-86: Leader, BJP, Rajya Sabha
* 1986–91: President, BJP
* 1989: Elected to [[9th Lok Sabha]] (1st term as Lok Sabha member), New Delhi constituency
* 1989–91: [[Leader of the Opposition (India)#Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha|Leader of the Opposition, Lok Sabha]]
* 1991: Elected to [[10th Lok Sabha]] (2nd term), from '''[[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]]'''
* 1991–93: Leader of the Opposition, Lok Sabha
* 1993–98: President, Bharatiya Janata Party
* Did not contest 1996 election, and did not join the 13-day Vajpayee govt as hawala case was pending against him.  
* 1998: Elected to [[12th Lok Sabha]] (3rd term)
* 1998–99: [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs]]
* 1999: Elected to [[13th Lok Sabha]] (4th term)
* 1999–2004: Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs
* 2002–2004: [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]] (he held the role of Prime Minister at that time)
* 2004: Elected to [[14th Lok Sabha]] (5th term)
* 2009: Elected to [[15th Lok Sabha]] (6th term)
* 2014: Elected to [[16th Lok Sabha]] (7th term)


In 2015 he was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian honor.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/padma-awards-announced-for-lk-advani-amitabh-bachchan-bill-gates_1536246.html "Padma awards 2015 announced: Advani, Amitabh among 104 awardees"], Zee News, 26 January 2015.</ref>
==See also==
* [[Electoral history of L. K. Advani]]
*[[Ayodhya dispute]]
*[[Hawala scandal]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Other websites==
==Further reading==
{{commons category-inline|Lal Krishna Advani}}
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* [http://www.lkadvani.in/ Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917053826/http://www.lkadvani.in/ |date=2017-09-17 }}
* Atmaram Kulkarni. ''The Advent of Advani: An Authentic Critical Biography'' (1995). (Hardcover) {{ISBN|978-81-85345-22-2}}.
* Sudheendra Kulkarni. ''Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra: The story of Lal Krishna Advani's patriotic pilgrimage'' (1997). ASIN: B0000CPBO7.
* Pentagon Press. ''Lal Krishna Advani: Today's Patel'' (2002). (Paperback) {{ISBN|978-81-86830-57-4}}.
* Gulab Vazirani: ''Lal Advani, the Man and his Mission'' (1991)
* G. Katyal, K. Bhushan. ''Lal Krishna Advani: Deputy Prime Minister''. (Hardcover) ASIN: B001G6MAZA
* Pentagon Press. ''Lala Krishna Advani'' (2007). (Paperback) {{ISBN|978-81-86830-59-8}}.
{{Refend}}
 
==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons category|Lal Krishna Advani}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190304175510/http://www.lkadvani.in/ Official site]
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=9 Profile] at Lok Sabha, Parliament of India  
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=9 Profile] at Lok Sabha, Parliament of India  
* [http://www.bjp.org/leader/advaniji.htm Profile on website of BJP]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041205130246/http://www.bjp.org/leader/advaniji.htm Profile on website of BJP]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2075803.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2075803.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [http://blog.lkadvani.in/ Official Blog of Lal Krishna Advani]
* [http://blog.lkadvani.in/ Official Blog of Lal Krishna Advani]
{{Deputy Prime Ministers of India}}


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{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Advani, Lal Krishna}}
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