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Robben Island is roughly oval in shape, {{Convert|3.3|km||abbr=on}} long north–south, and {{Convert|1.9|km||abbr=on}} wide, with an area of {{Convert|5.08|km2||abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adu.uct.ac.za/adu/projects/sea-shore-birds/sites/sa/robben-island|title=Avian Demography Unit: Robben Island|publisher=Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town}}</ref> It is flat and only a few metres above sea level, as a result of an ancient erosion event. It was fortified and used as a prison from the late-seventeenth century until 1996, after the end of [[apartheid]]. | Robben Island is roughly oval in shape, {{Convert|3.3|km||abbr=on}} long north–south, and {{Convert|1.9|km||abbr=on}} wide, with an area of {{Convert|5.08|km2||abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adu.uct.ac.za/adu/projects/sea-shore-birds/sites/sa/robben-island|title=Avian Demography Unit: Robben Island|publisher=Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town}}</ref> It is flat and only a few metres above sea level, as a result of an ancient erosion event. It was fortified and used as a prison from the late-seventeenth century until 1996, after the end of [[apartheid]]. | ||
Political activist and lawyer [[Nelson Mandela]] was famously imprisoned on the island for 18 of the 27 years he served imprisoned before the fall of [[apartheid]] and introduction of full, multi-racial democracy. He was later awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] and was elected in 1994 as [[President of South Africa]], becoming the country's first Black president and serving one term from 1994-99. In addition, the majority of prisoners were detained here for political reasons. Two other former inmates of Robben Island in addition to Mandela have been elected to the presidency since the late-1990s: [[Kgalema Motlanthe]] ( | Political activist and lawyer [[Nelson Mandela]] was famously imprisoned on the island for 18 of the 27 years he served imprisoned before the fall of [[apartheid]] and introduction of full, multi-racial democracy. He was later awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] and was elected in 1994 as [[President of South Africa]], becoming the country's first Black president and serving one term from 1994-99. In addition, the majority of prisoners were detained here for political reasons. Two other former inmates of Robben Island in addition to Mandela have been elected to the presidency since the late-1990s: [[Kgalema Motlanthe]] (2008–09)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7634845.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|title=New S. Africa president sworn in|date=25 September 2008|access-date=22 November 2008}}</ref> and [[Jacob Zuma]] (2009–18). | ||
Robben Island is a [[National heritage sites (South Africa)|South African National Heritage Site]] as well as a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web|title=9/2/018/0004 - Robben Island, Table Bay|url=http://www.sahra.org.za/content/920180004|publisher=[[South African Heritage Resources Agency]]|access-date=16 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130422002004/http://www.sahra.org.za/content/920180004|archive-date=22 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Robben Island|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/916|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=2 June 2011}}</ref> | Robben Island is a [[National heritage sites (South Africa)|South African National Heritage Site]] as well as a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web|title=9/2/018/0004 - Robben Island, Table Bay|url=http://www.sahra.org.za/content/920180004|publisher=[[South African Heritage Resources Agency]]|access-date=16 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130422002004/http://www.sahra.org.za/content/920180004|archive-date=22 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Robben Island|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/916|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=2 June 2011}}</ref> | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
*[[1620 Robben Island earthquake]] | *[[1620 Robben Island earthquake]] | ||
*[[List of World Heritage Sites in South Africa]] | *[[List of World Heritage Sites in South Africa]] | ||