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{{Short description|Fort in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Short description|Fort in Satara district, Maharashtrab}}
{{Fanpov|date=September 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox military installation
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Pratapgad
| name         = Pratapgad
|partof =satara
| partof       =  
 
| location     = Satara district, [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|location = [[Satara District]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| image       = [[File:Pratapgad The Fort of Valour.jpg|Pratapgad|300px]]
|image =[[File:Pratapgad (2).jpg|300px]]
| caption      = View of one of the bastions of Pratapgad.
|caption = Pratapgad Fort. The upper fort is visible to the right of the photograph, while the [[outwork]]s of the Tehalni tower stretch away to the left.
| map_type     = India Maharashtra
|image2 = [[File:Pratapgad The Fort of Valour.jpg|Pratapgad The Fort of Valour|300px]]
| coordinates   = {{coord|17.936224|73.577607|type:landmark_region:IN-MH|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|caption2= View of one of the bastions ('buruj') of Pratapgad.
| map_size     = 300
|map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_caption   = Pratapgad fort in Maharashtra
|coordinates = {{coord|17.936224|73.577607|type:landmark_region:IN-MH|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| type         = [[forts in India|Hill Fort]]
|map_size = 300
| code         =  
|map_caption = India
| built         = 1656
|type = [[forts in India|Hill Fort]]
| builder       = [[Shivaji]] {{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
|code =
| materials     =  
|built = 1656
| height       = 3543 feet <ref name=S>{{Cite web|title=Pratapgad &#124; District Satara, Government of Maharashtra, India &#124; India|url=https://www.satara.gov.in/en/tourist-place/pratapgad/|access-date=2022-03-27|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=l>{{Cite web|last=|date=2019-02-19|title=प्रतापगड किल्ला जिथे शिवाजी महाराजांनी केला होता अफजल खानाचा वध!|url=https://www.lokmat.com/travel/pratapgarh-fort-where-shivaji-maharaj-had-killed-afzal-khan/|access-date=2022-03-27|website=Lokmat|language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|builder = [[Shivaji Maharaj]]
| used         =  
|materials =
| demolished   =  
|height =
| condition     =  
|used =
| ownership     =  
|demolished =
| open_to_public = Yes
|condition =  
| controlledby = {{flagcountry|Maratha Empire}} ({{small|1656-1818}})<br />{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|ownership = [[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = {{flagcountry|Maratha Empire}} ({{small|1656-1818}})<br />{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]] ({{small|1818-1857}})
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]] ({{small|1818-1857}})
* {{flagcountry|British Raj}} ({{small|1857-1947}})
* {{flagcountry|British Raj}} ({{small|1857-1947}})
{{flagcountry|India}} ({{small|1947-}})
{{flagcountry|India}} ({{small|1947-present}})
|garrison =
| garrison     =  
|current_commander =
| current_commander =  
|commanders =
| commanders   =  
|occupants =
| occupants     =  
|battles = [[Battle of Pratapgad]]
| battles       = [[Battle of Pratapgad]] (1659)
|events =
| events       = Chatrapati Shivaji killed Afzal Khan in battle of Pratapgad (1659)<ref name=l/>
}}
}}


[[File:Statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji at Pratapgad, Maharashtra, India.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of Shivaji located at Pratapgad]]
'''Pratapgad''' is a mountain fort located in [[Satara district]], in the [[Western India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]].The fort is situated 24 kilometres from the [[Mahabaleshwar]] hill station. The fort is now a popular tourist destination.
 
'''Pratapgad''' literally 'Valour Fort' is a large mountain fort located in [[Satara district]], in the [[Western India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. The fort's historical significance is due to the [[Battle of Pratapgad]] in 1659. The fort is now a popular tourist destination.<ref>Pratapgad Fort:https://www.india.com/travel/articles/pratapgad-fort-a-must-visit-on-a-day-trip-from-mahabaleshwar-3702157/</ref><ref>Off beat destinations in Maharashtra: https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69772/offbeat-destinations-in-maharashtra</ref>
 
==Geography==


Pratapgad fort (प्रतापगड किल्ला) is located {{convert|15|km}} from [[Poladpur]] and {{convert|23|km}} west of [[Mahabaleshwar]], a popular [[hill station]] in the area. The fort stands {{convert|1,080|m}} above sea level<ref name="MaharashtraGazeeter">{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SATARA/places_Pratapgad.html|title=Pratapgad Fort|access-date=2008-08-23|work=Satara District Gazetteer|publisher=Government of Maharashtra, Gazetteers Department}}</ref> and is built on a spur which overlooks the road between the villages of Par and Kinesvar.
The fort's historical significance is due to the [[Battle of Pratapgad]], which took place here on 10 November 1659, between [[Shivaji]] and [[Bijapur Sultanate]] general [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]]. Chatrapati Shivaji's killing of [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]] was followed by decisive Maratha victory over the Bijapur army.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-19 |title=प्रतापगड किल्ला जिथे शिवाजी महाराजांनी केला होता अफजल खानाचा वध! |url=https://www.lokmat.com/travel/pratapgarh-fort-where-shivaji-maharaj-had-killed-afzal-khan/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अफझलखानाच्या थडग्याच्या जागेचा वाद पुन्हा पेटणार; माजी आमदारानं दिला 'हा' इशारा |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/satara/former-mla-nitin-shinde-warns-of-agitation-for-opening-of-afzal-khan-tomb/articleshow/88315710.cms |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shivpratap Din : शिवरायांचा 'हा' प्रसंग आठवला, तर अंगावर काटा आल्याशिवाय राहणार नाही |url=https://www.esakal.com/satara/celebrate-shiv-pratap-day-2021-at-pratapgad-satara-bam92 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=[[eSakal]] |language=mr-IN}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{Main|Battle of Pratapgarh}}
The [[Maratha]] ruler [[Shivaji]] assigned  [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle]], his prime minister, to undertake the construction of this fort in order to defend the banks of the [[Nira River|Nira]] and the [[Koyna River|Koyna rivers]], and to defend the ''Par pass''. It was completed in 1656.<ref name="MaharashtraGazeeter" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kantak|first=M. R.|date=1978|title=The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Chatrapati Shivaji's Swarajya|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42931051|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=40–56|issn=0045-9801}}</ref>


The [[Maratha]] ruler Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]] Maharaj commissioned [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle]], his prime minister, to undertake the construction of this fort in order to defend the banks of the Nira and the Koyna rivers, and to defend the Par pass.
The Battle of Pratapgad between Shivaji and [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]], a general of [[Adil Shahi dynasty]], was fought below the ramparts of this fort on 10 November 1659. This was the first major test of the fledgling kingdom's army, and set the stage of the establishment of the Maratha empire.<ref name=":1" />


It was completed in 1656.<ref name="MaharashtraGazeeter"/> The Battle of Pratapgad between Shivaji Maharaj and Afzal Khan was fought below the ramparts of this fort on 10 November 1659. This was the first major test of the fledgling kingdom's army, and set the stage of the establishment of the Maratha empire. Pratapgad continued to be involved in regional politics. Sakharam Bapu, a well-known minister of Pune, was confined by his rival [[Nana Phadnis]] in Pratapgad in 1778. He was later moved from fort to fort until he died at Raigad. In 1796, Nana Phadnis, while escaping from the intrigues of [[Daulatrao Shinde]] and his minister Baloba, assembled a strong garrison in Pratapgad before heading to Mahad. In 1818, as part of the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], Pratapgad surrendered by private negotiation. This was a great loss to the Maratha forces, as Pratapgad was an important stronghold, had a large garrison, and could suppress much of the country around [[Wai, Maharashtra|Wai]]. A 17 feet high equestrian bronze statue of Shivaji was unveiled by Jawaharlal Nehru, then Prime Minister of India, on 30 November 1957, the same year a road was constructed by the Public Works Department from Kumbhrosi village up to fort.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} A guest house and a national park were built inside the fort in 1960.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} The fort is currently owned by Udayanraje Bhosale, the heir to the former Satara princely state.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}
Pratapgad continued to be involved in regional politics.{{Until when|date=November 2022}} [[Sakharam Bapu Bokil]], a well-known minister of Pune, was confined by his rival [[Nana Phadnis]] in Pratapgad in 1778. He was later moved from fort to fort until he died at [[Raigad Fort|Raigad]]. In 1796, Nana Phadnis, while escaping from the intrigues of [[Daulatrao Shinde]] and his minister Baloba, assembled a strong garrison in Pratapgad before heading to [[Mahad]]. In 1818, as part of the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], Pratapgad surrendered by private negotiation. This was a great loss to the Maratha forces, as Pratapgad was an important stronghold, had a large garrison, and could suppress much of the country around [[Wai, Maharashtra|Wai]].{{Citation needed span|text=|date=March 2022}}


==Structure==
==Geography==
[[File:Pratapgad (2).jpg|thumb|left|Overview of the fort.]]


{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2016}}
{{Expand section|date=March 2022}}
The fort can be divided into the lower fort and upper fort.
Pratapgad fort is located at 15&nbsp;km (10 miles) from [[Poladpur]] and 23&nbsp;km (15 miles) west of Mahabaleshwar, a popular [[hill station]] of Maharashtra. The fort stands 1080 metres (3543') above sea level<ref name="MaharashtraGazeeter">{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SATARA/places_Pratapgad.html|title=Pratapgad Fort|access-date=2008-08-23|work=Satara District Gazetteer|publisher=Government of Maharashtra, Gazetteers Department}}</ref> and is built on a spur which overlooks the road between the villages of Par and Kinesvar.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}


The upper fort was built upon the crest of the hill. It is roughly square, 180m long on each side. It has several permanent buildings, including a temple to the god [[Shiva|Mahadev]]. It is located at the northwest of the fort, and is surrounded by sheer cliffs with drops of up to 250m.
The fort has a [[Tulja Bhawani]] temple from Shivaji's time. It have [[murti]] of goddess Bhawani, which have eight hands ([[Marathi language|Marathi]] : ''Ashtbhuja''). Weapons of soldiers are on display near this temple.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2019 |title=प्रतापगड किल्ला जिथे शिवाजी महाराजांनी केला होता अफजल खानाचा वध! |work=[[Lokmat]] |url=https://www.lokmat.com/travel/pratapgarh-fort-where-shivaji-maharaj-had-killed-afzal-khan/ |access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref>
 
The lower fort is around 320m long and 110m wide. It is located at the southeast of the fort and is defended by towers and bastions ten to twelve metres high.
 
The Afzal tower extends out from the fort proper and defends the approach to the fort. It is said to have been constructed after the [[Battle of Pratapgad]], and Afzal Khan's body is said to be buried under the tower.
 
In 1661, Shivaji was unable to visit the temple of the goddess Bhavani at Tuljapur. He decided to dedicate a temple to the goddess at this fort itself. This temple is on the eastern side of the lower fort. The hall has been rebuilt since the original construction and consists of wooden pillars about 50' long, 30' broad and 12' high. The shrine is made of stone, and contains a clothed black stone image of the goddess. The roof of the temple is flat inside, but covered in lead covering put up by the [[Raja Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara|Satara Raja Pratapsinha]] (1818–1839). A small spire or ''[[Shikhara|shikhar]]'' covers the shrine. The temple also has the sword of Maratha General [[Hambirao Mohite]] adorned with 6 diamond stones signifying that he had killed 600 soldiers in the battle. There is also a Spatikha Linga being worshipped inside the temple. The armors used in the battle during that period by the infantry soldiers are also on display just outside the temple
 
A [[dargah]] of Afzal Khan is located a short while away from the fort to the south-east.


==Tourism==
==Tourism==
[[File: Statue of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj at Pratapgad.jpg|200 px|thumb|Statue of Chatrapati Shivaji at Pratapgad, inaugurated by first prime minister of India [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]]]
Pratapgad is usually visited as a day-trip from the hill station of [[Mahabaleshwar]], a popular tourist destination located 25 kilometres away. [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]] provides regular bus service.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gunaji|first1=Milind|title=Offbeat tracks in Maharashtra|date=2010|publisher=Popular Prakashan|location=Mumbai|isbn=9788179915783|pages=43–44|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHA9SzLMj3EC&q=pratapgad++mahabaleshwar+bus&pg=PA11}}</ref> There are small shops, restaurants and a handicrafts store. Many schools also arrange educational  trips to the fort. The fort is also on many trekking routes of the area.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kapadia|first1=Harish|title=Trek the Sahyadris|date=2003|publisher=Indus Publ.|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173871511|pages=144–146|edition=5.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&q=pratapgad&pg=PA9}}</ref>


Pratapgad is usually visited as a day-trip from the hill station of [[Mahabaleshwar]], a popular tourist destination located 25 kilometres away. [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation|ST]] bus service have run daily excursion services to places around Mahabaleshwar including Pratapgad for decades.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gunaji|first1=Milind|title=Offbeat tracks in Maharashtra|date=2010|publisher=Popular Prakashan|location=Mumbai|isbn=9788179915783|pages=43–44|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHA9SzLMj3EC&q=pratapgad++mahabaleshwar+bus&pg=PA11}}</ref> Many schools also arrange educational  trips to the fort.
An bronze equestrian statue of Shivaji is present at the fort. It was unveiled by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], then [[Prime Minister of India]] on 30 November 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video : प्रतापगडावरील शिवरायांच्या पुतळ्याचं नेहरुंच्या हस्ते झालं होतं अनावरण |url=https://www.esakal.com/maharashtra/jawaharlal-nehru-inaugurating-the-statue-of-shivaji-maharaj-on-pratapgarh-fort-satara-aau85 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=eSakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Chowdhary|first=Charu|title=Pratapgad Fort: A Must-Visit on a Day Trip From Mahabaleshwar &#124; India.com|url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/pratapgad-fort-a-must-visit-on-a-day-trip-from-mahabaleshwar-3702157/|access-date=2022-03-27|website=www.india.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Go Offbeat When In Maharashtra|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69772/offbeat-destinations-in-maharashtra|access-date=2022-03-27|magazine=[[Outlook India]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The same year a road was constructed by the Public Works Department from Kumbhrosi village up to fort. A guest house and a small park was built inside the fort in 1960.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}
The fort is also on many trekking routes of the area.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kapadia|first1=Harish|title=Trek the Sahyadris|date=2003|publisher=Indus Publ.|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173871511|pages=144–146|edition=5.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&q=pratapgad&pg=PA9}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{commons category}}
 
*[[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
*[[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
*[[List of forts in Mumbai]]
*[[List of forts in India]]
*[[List of forts]]


==References==
==References==
Line 85: Line 71:
{{Satara district topics}}
{{Satara district topics}}
{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{Forts in India}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}


[[Category:Forts in Satara district]]
[[Category:Forts in Satara district]]
[[Category:1656 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Mahabaleshwar]]
[[Category:Mahabaleshwar]]
[[Category:1656 establishments in India]]
 
==External links==
{{commons}}{{History-stub}}{{Fort-stub}}
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