Carnatic Sultanate: Difference between revisions

| native_name           = Nawab of Arcot

| common_name           = Nawab of the Carnatic

| image_map             = IGI1908India1765a.jpg

| image_map_caption     = Nawabate of Arcot, on the Bay of Bengal<!-- took me a while to find it -->, marked as "Carnatic" at its height of power.

| image_flag             = Flag of Nawab.svg

| era                   = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal rule in India]]<br>

| government_type       = [[Monarchy]]

| title_leader           = Nawab

| year_start             = 1692

| year_end               = 1855

| event1                 = [[Siege of Arcot]]

| date_event1           = 23 September – 14 November 1751

| event_pre             = Progenitor of family appointed governor

| date_pre               = 1692

| p1                     = Madurai Nayak

| s1                     = Company rule in India

| flag_s1               = Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg

| capital               = [[Gingee]] (1692–1710),<br>[[Arcot]] (1710–1768),<br>[[Chepauk]] (1768–1855)

| common_languages       = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]]

| religion               = [[Islam]]

| today                 = [[India]]

| demonym               =  

| area_km2               =  

| area_rank             =  

| GDP_PPP               =  

| GDP_PPP_year           =  

| HDI                   =  

| HDI_year               =  

| conventional_long_name = Nawab of the Carnatic

| status_text           = [[Dependent territory|Dependency]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] (1692–1710)<br>De jure [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]  

[[Princely State]]  under the paramountcy of the [[British East India Company]] (1801–1855)

| status                 = Dependency of the [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Hyderabad State]] (1692–1749)<br>De jure [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] dependency under the paramountcy of the [[British East India Company]] (1749–1855)

}}

The '''Carnatic''' '''Sultanate''' was a kingdom in [[South India]] between about 1690 and 1855, and was under the legal purview of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], until their demise.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdmcAAAAQBAJ|title=The History of India|editor=Kenneth Pletcher|date=2010-04-01|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing|isbn=9781615302017|pages=219|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAEyAmYRNNQC|title=Political History of Carnatic Under the Nawabs|last=Ramaswami|first=N. S.|date=1984-01-01|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=9780836412628|pages=104|language=en}}</ref> They initially had their capital at [[Arcot, Vellore|Arcot]] in the present-day Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Their rule is an important period in the history of the Carnatic and [[Coromandel Coast]] regions, in which the [[Mughal Empire]] gave way to the rising influence of the [[Maratha Empire]], and later the emergence of the [[British Raj]].

The old province known as the Carnatic, in which [[Madras]] (Chennai) was situated, extended from the [[Krishna river]] to the [[Kaveri river]], and was bounded on the West by [[Mysore kingdom]] and [[Dindigul]], (which formed part of the [[Sultanate of Mysore]]). The Northern portion was known as the '[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]]', the Southern the '[[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]]' with the [[Maratha]] fortresses of [[Gingee]] and [[Ranjankudi Fort|Ranjankudi]]. Carnatic thus was the name commonly given to the region of Southern India that stretches from the [[East Godavari]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in the North, to the [[Maratha]] fort of Ranjangudi in the south (including the [[Kaveri River]] delta) and [[Coromandal Coast]] in the east to [[Western Ghats]] in the west.

With the decline of [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in 1646, the Hindu viceroys [[Nayak dynasties|Nayaks]], established in Madurai, Tanjore and Kanchi made themselves independent, only in their turn to become tributary to the kings of Golconda and Bijapur, who divided the Carnatic between them. [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] in 1692 appointed [[Zulfikhar Ali Khan]] as the first [[subahdar]] of the Carnatic with his seat at Arcot as a reward for his victory over the [[Maratha]]s led by [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.san.beck.org/2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html |title=Mughal Empire 1526-1707 by Sanderson Beck |publisher=San.beck.org |access-date=2012-03-04}}</ref> The Carnatic Sultanate controlled a vast territory south of the [[Krishna river]]. The Nawab [[Saadatullah Khan I]] (1710–1732) moved his court from Gingee to [[Arcot, Vellore|Arcot]]. His successor Dost Ali (1732–1740) conquered and annexed [[Madurai]] in 1736.

In 1740, the [[Maratha]] forces descended on Arcot. They attacked the Nawab, [[Dost Ali Khan]], in the pass of Damalcherry. In the war that followed, Dost Ali, one of his sons Hasan Ali, and a number of prominent persons lost their lives. This initial success at once enhanced Maratha prestige in the south. From Damalcherry the Marathas proceeded to Arcot, which surrendered to them without much resistance. Chanda Sahib and his son were arrested and sent to [[Nagpur]]. The Nawabs of the Carnatic were the [[Rowther|Rowthers]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tschacher|first=Torsten|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50208020|title=Islam in Tamilnadu : varia|date=2001|publisher=Institut für Indologie und Südasienwissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg|isbn=3-86010-627-9|location=Halle (Saale)|pages=94,95|oclc=50208020}}</ref>

===[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Subedar of the Carnatic===

|Before he was made Nawab, the Emperor [[Aurangazeb]] appointed him as a leading commander of the [[Mughal Army]].

|He was the last Mughal governor who was appointed as Nawab of [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]]. Having no children, he adopted his brother [[Ghulam Ali Khan]]'s son [[Dost Ali Khan]] as his own and nominated him as successor.

 

|He was the last Mughal governor who was appointed as Nawab of [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]]. Having no children, he adopted his brother [[Ghulam Ali Khan]]'s son [[Dost Ali Khan]] as his own and nominated him as successor.

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|Son of [[Safdar Ali Khan]].He was murdered in July 1744 at [[Arcot]]. So, with him, the '''first''' dynasty of the [[Nawab of Arcot]] came to an end.

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| Son-in-law of the [[Dost Ali Khan]],<ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=151, 154–158}}</ref> under whom he worked as a [[Dewan]]

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{{Princely states annexed by British India}}{{Mughal Empire}}