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Tuzo first entered the British Army on 15 July 1939 as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Artillery]], Supplementary Reserve of Officers,<ref name=gazette34645 /> just prior to the outbreak of the [[Second World War]] in September. After a fortnight's training he crossed to France with the [[21st Anti-Tank Regiment]], Royal Artillery, which was part of the [[3rd Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Infantry Division]] under [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] [[Bernard Montgomery]]. The division was part of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War II)|British Expeditionary Force]] (BEF). Remaining there and seeing no action until the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]] [[Battle of France|invaded France]] in May 1940, he was amongst the last of those [[Dunkirk evacuation|evacuated from Dunkirk]], travelling in a paddle cruiser to [[Harwich]].
Tuzo first entered the British Army on 15 July 1939 as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Artillery]], Supplementary Reserve of Officers,<ref name=gazette34645 /> just prior to the outbreak of the [[Second World War]] in September. After a fortnight's training he crossed to France with the [[21st Anti-Tank Regiment]], Royal Artillery, which was part of the [[3rd Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Infantry Division]] under [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] [[Bernard Montgomery]]. The division was part of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War II)|British Expeditionary Force]] (BEF). Remaining there and seeing no action until the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]] [[Battle of France|invaded France]] in May 1940, he was amongst the last of those [[Dunkirk evacuation|evacuated from Dunkirk]], travelling in a paddle cruiser to [[Harwich]].


He stayed with his regiment, which in 1942 transferred to the [[Guards Armoured Division]], engaged in coastal defence until June 1944 when they returned to France in the [[invasion of Normandy]]. His regiment was in support of the division in [[Normandy]] where he won the [[Military Cross]] (MC) for his actions up to [[Operation Goodwood]] (the breakout from [[Caen]]).<ref name=odnb /> He was then a war substantive [[captain (land)|captain]] and temporary [[major (United Kingdom)|major]] commanding Y [[Artillery battery|Battery]] of the regiment consisting of [[self-propelled gun|self-propelled]] [[anti-tank gun]]s, the original recommendation for his MC mentions his actions at the [[Albert Canal]] [[bridgehead]], the attacks on [[Hechtel-Eksel|Hechtel]], {{ill|Elst, Limburg|lt=Elst|nl|Elst (Limburg)}}, [[Sittard]] and particularly in support of the [[Coldstream Guards]] at [[Wesel]]; he was slightly wounded three times during this period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7672528|title=Recommendations for Honours and Awards—Image details—Tuzo, Harry Crawford|work=Documents Online|publisher=The National Archives|format=Fee may be required to view full image of original recommendation|accessdate=9 September 2022}}</ref> Later in Germany he had the rare distinction as a battery commander of accepting the surrender of a German [[admiral]] who was [[Flag Officer]] [[U-boat]]s.<ref name=Indep /> As the end of the war approached, he was granted a Regular Army commission, with the substantive rank of [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] (with seniority from 24 February 1941), on 17 January 1945.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36892|supp=y|page=392|date=12 January 1945}}</ref> He was [[Mentioned in Despatches]] on 9 August 1945,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37213|supp=y|pages=4044–4046|date=7 August 1945}}</ref> and his MC was [[London Gazette|gazetted]] on 22 January 1946.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37442|supp=y|pages=635–637|date=22 January 1946}}</ref> He received substantive promotion to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 1 July 1946.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37635|supp=y|pages=3366–3367|date=28 June 1946}}</ref> He had married Monica Patience Salter on 5 October 1943.<ref name=odnb />
He stayed with his regiment, which in 1942 transferred to the [[Guards Armoured Division]], engaged in coastal defence until June 1944 when they returned to France in the [[invasion of Normandy]]. His regiment was in support of the division in [[Normandy]] where he won the [[Military Cross]] (MC) for his actions up to [[Operation Goodwood]] (the breakout from [[Caen]]).<ref name=odnb /> He was then a war substantive [[captain (land)|captain]] and temporary [[major (United Kingdom)|major]] commanding Y [[Artillery battery|Battery]] of the regiment consisting of [[self-propelled gun|self-propelled]] [[anti-tank gun]]s, the original recommendation for his MC mentions his actions at the [[Albert Canal]] [[bridgehead]], the attacks on [[Hechtel-Eksel|Hechtel]], {{ill|Elst, Limburg|lt=Elst|nl|Elst (Limburg)}}, [[Sittard]] and particularly in support of the [[Coldstream Guards]] at [[Wesel]]; he was slightly wounded three times during this period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7672528|title=Recommendations for Honours and Awards—Image details—Tuzo, Harry Crawford|work=Documents Online|publisher=The National Archives|format=Fee may be required to view full image of original recommendation|accessdate=9 September 2008}}</ref> Later in Germany he had the rare distinction as a battery commander of accepting the surrender of a German [[admiral]] who was [[Flag Officer]] [[U-boat]]s.<ref name=Indep /> As the end of the war approached, he was granted a Regular Army commission, with the substantive rank of [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] (with seniority from 24 February 1941), on 17 January 1945.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36892|supp=y|page=392|date=12 January 1945}}</ref> He was [[Mentioned in Despatches]] on 9 August 1945,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37213|supp=y|pages=4044–4046|date=7 August 1945}}</ref> and his MC was [[London Gazette|gazetted]] on 22 January 1946.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37442|supp=y|pages=635–637|date=22 January 1946}}</ref> He received substantive promotion to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 1 July 1946.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37635|supp=y|pages=3366–3367|date=28 June 1946}}</ref> He had married Monica Patience Salter on 5 October 1943.<ref name=odnb />


==Borneo==
==Borneo==
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Tuzo was appointed as General Officer Commanding and Director of Operations, Northern Ireland, on 2 March 1971 together with promotion to [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant general]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45322|supp=y|page=2269|date=12 March 1971}}</ref> His appointment was made after the previous incumbent, Lieutenant General [[Vernon Erskine-Crum]], suffered a [[heart attack]].<ref name="bew1">{{cite book | last = Bew| first = Paul| author-link = Paul Bew, Baron Bew|author2=Gordon Gillespie| title = Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993| publisher = [[Gill & Macmillan]]| year = 1993| pages = 32| isbn = 0-7171-2081-3 }}</ref> Tuzo was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] (KCB) on 4 June 1971, in the [[Queen's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45384 |supp=y|page=5958|date=4 June 1971}}</ref> In 1972, after consultation with [[Whitehall]], Tuzo ordered [[Operation Motorman]], which sent 30,000 troops into [[Irish Republican|Republican]] dominated [[No-go area|'no-go' areas]] of West [[Belfast]] and [[Derry]] to take back control.<ref name=Indep/> He relinquished his position in Northern Ireland on 1 February 1973 and was replaced by Lieutenant General [[Frank King (British Army officer)|Sir Frank King]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45899|supp=y|page=1680|date=5 February 1973}}</ref><ref name="bew2">{{cite book | last = Bew| first = Paul| author-link = Paul Bew, Baron Bew|author2=Gordon Gillespie| title = Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993| publisher = [[Gill & Macmillan]]| year = 1993| pages = 58| isbn = 0-7171-2081-3 }}</ref> Tuzo was promoted to [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] (GCB) on 2 June 1973.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45984|supp=y|page=6474|date=22 May 1973}}</ref>
Tuzo was appointed as General Officer Commanding and Director of Operations, Northern Ireland, on 2 March 1971 together with promotion to [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant general]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45322|supp=y|page=2269|date=12 March 1971}}</ref> His appointment was made after the previous incumbent, Lieutenant General [[Vernon Erskine-Crum]], suffered a [[heart attack]].<ref name="bew1">{{cite book | last = Bew| first = Paul| author-link = Paul Bew, Baron Bew|author2=Gordon Gillespie| title = Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993| publisher = [[Gill & Macmillan]]| year = 1993| pages = 32| isbn = 0-7171-2081-3 }}</ref> Tuzo was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] (KCB) on 4 June 1971, in the [[Queen's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45384 |supp=y|page=5958|date=4 June 1971}}</ref> In 1972, after consultation with [[Whitehall]], Tuzo ordered [[Operation Motorman]], which sent 30,000 troops into [[Irish Republican|Republican]] dominated [[No-go area|'no-go' areas]] of West [[Belfast]] and [[Derry]] to take back control.<ref name=Indep/> He relinquished his position in Northern Ireland on 1 February 1973 and was replaced by Lieutenant General [[Frank King (British Army officer)|Sir Frank King]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45899|supp=y|page=1680|date=5 February 1973}}</ref><ref name="bew2">{{cite book | last = Bew| first = Paul| author-link = Paul Bew, Baron Bew|author2=Gordon Gillespie| title = Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993| publisher = [[Gill & Macmillan]]| year = 1993| pages = 58| isbn = 0-7171-2081-3 }}</ref> Tuzo was promoted to [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] (GCB) on 2 June 1973.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45984|supp=y|page=6474|date=22 May 1973}}</ref>


After his service in Northern Ireland ended Tuzo was appointed Commander-in-Chief [[British Army of the Rhine]] until 1976, when he was made [[Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe|Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe]].<ref name=Indep/> He was placed on the retired list on 5 February 1979.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=47768|supp=y|page=1982|date=12 February 1979}}</ref> After his service in the army he accepted a position in 1979 as chairman of Marconi Space and Defence Systems which he held until 1983.<ref name=KC>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/TUZO.shtml|title=Tuzo, Sir Harry (Craufurd) (1917–1998), General|work=Liddell-Hart Centre for Military Archives|publisher=[[King's College London]]|accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref>
After his service in Northern Ireland ended Tuzo was appointed Commander-in-Chief [[British Army of the Rhine]] until 1976, when he was made [[Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe|Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe]].<ref name=Indep/> He was placed on the retired list on 5 February 1979.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=47768|supp=y|page=1982|date=12 February 1979}}</ref> After his service in the army he accepted a position in 1979 as chairman of Marconi Space and Defence Systems which he held until 1983.<ref name=KC>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/TUZO.shtml|title=Tuzo, Sir Harry (Craufurd) (1917–1998), General|work=Liddell-Hart Centre for Military Archives|publisher=[[King's College London]]|accessdate=30 September 2008}}</ref>


==Norfolk==
==Norfolk==
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==References==
==References==
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{{reflist}}


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{{s-bef|before=[[Vernon Erskine-Crum]]}}  
{{s-bef|before=[[Vernon Erskine-Crum]]}}  
{{s-ttl|title=[[HQ Northern Ireland|GOC British Army in Northern Ireland]]|years=1971–1973}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Headquarters Northern Ireland|GOC British Army in Northern Ireland]]|years=1971–1973}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Frank King (British Army officer)|Sir Frank King]]|rows=2}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Frank King (British Army officer)|Sir Frank King]]|rows=2}}
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Latest revision as of 03:30, 2 July 2023


Sir Harry Tuzo
Born(1917-08-26)26 August 1917
Bangalore, British India
Died7 August 1998(1998-08-07) (aged 80)
Norwich, Norfolk, England
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Army
Years of service1939–1978
RankGeneral
Service number94690
UnitRoyal Artillery
Commands heldDeputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1976–78)
Northern Army Group (1973–76)
Northern Ireland (1971–73)
Royal Artillery (1969–71)
51 Gurkha Infantry Brigade (1963–65)
3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery (1960–62)
Battles/warsSecond World War
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Northern Ireland
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
Military Cross
Mentioned in Despatches (2)
Other workChairman, Marconi Space and Defence Systems (1979–83)
Chairman, Royal United Services Institute (1980–83)

General Sir Harry Crawford Tuzo, GCB, OBE, MC, DL (26 August 1917 – 7 August 1998), was a British Army officer who was Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe and General Officer Commanding of the British Army in Northern Ireland during the early period of the Troubles.

Early life[edit | edit source]

Harry Craufurd Tuzo was born in Bangalore, India, on 26 August 1917, the son of John Atkinson Tuzo, a British Army officer and civil engineer, and his wife Annie Catherine (née Craufurd).[1][2][3] Tuzo was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire (where he was a member of the Officer Training Corps[4]), and Oriel College, Oxford, where he read jurisprudence.[1]

Second World War[edit | edit source]

Tuzo first entered the British Army on 15 July 1939 as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery, Supplementary Reserve of Officers,[4] just prior to the outbreak of the Second World War in September. After a fortnight's training he crossed to France with the 21st Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery, which was part of the 3rd Infantry Division under Major General Bernard Montgomery. The division was part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). Remaining there and seeing no action until the German Army invaded France in May 1940, he was amongst the last of those evacuated from Dunkirk, travelling in a paddle cruiser to Harwich.

He stayed with his regiment, which in 1942 transferred to the Guards Armoured Division, engaged in coastal defence until June 1944 when they returned to France in the invasion of Normandy. His regiment was in support of the division in Normandy where he won the Military Cross (MC) for his actions up to Operation Goodwood (the breakout from Caen).[1] He was then a war substantive captain and temporary major commanding Y Battery of the regiment consisting of self-propelled anti-tank guns, the original recommendation for his MC mentions his actions at the Albert Canal bridgehead, the attacks on Hechtel, Elst [nl], Sittard and particularly in support of the Coldstream Guards at Wesel; he was slightly wounded three times during this period.[5] Later in Germany he had the rare distinction as a battery commander of accepting the surrender of a German admiral who was Flag Officer U-boats.[2] As the end of the war approached, he was granted a Regular Army commission, with the substantive rank of lieutenant (with seniority from 24 February 1941), on 17 January 1945.[6] He was Mentioned in Despatches on 9 August 1945,[7] and his MC was gazetted on 22 January 1946.[8] He received substantive promotion to captain on 1 July 1946.[9] He had married Monica Patience Salter on 5 October 1943.[1]

Borneo[edit | edit source]

From 1963 to 1965 he commanded the 51st Gurkha Brigade in Borneo, which included Brunei in its area of operations. His Gurkha battalions worked to win the "hearts and minds" of the locals, but also participated with the SAS in Operation Claret, which interdicted Indonesian troops as they attempted to cross the border. The Sultan of Brunei honoured Tuzo with the title Dato Setia Nagara in 1965.[2] His work also earned him a Mention in Despatches.[10]

Northern Ireland[edit | edit source]

Tuzo was appointed as General Officer Commanding and Director of Operations, Northern Ireland, on 2 March 1971 together with promotion to lieutenant general.[11] His appointment was made after the previous incumbent, Lieutenant General Vernon Erskine-Crum, suffered a heart attack.[12] Tuzo was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 4 June 1971, in the Queen's Birthday Honours.[13] In 1972, after consultation with Whitehall, Tuzo ordered Operation Motorman, which sent 30,000 troops into Republican dominated 'no-go' areas of West Belfast and Derry to take back control.[2] He relinquished his position in Northern Ireland on 1 February 1973 and was replaced by Lieutenant General Sir Frank King.[14][15] Tuzo was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) on 2 June 1973.[16]

After his service in Northern Ireland ended Tuzo was appointed Commander-in-Chief British Army of the Rhine until 1976, when he was made Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe.[2] He was placed on the retired list on 5 February 1979.[17] After his service in the army he accepted a position in 1979 as chairman of Marconi Space and Defence Systems which he held until 1983.[18]

Norfolk[edit | edit source]

Tuzo was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Norfolk on 12 September 1983.[19] He lived in Fakenham[20] and was chairman of Pensthorpe Nature Reserve.[2] Tuzo's granddaughter is the journalist Rosie Garthwaite.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Harnden, Toby (2004). "Tuzo, Sir Harry Craufurd (1917–1998)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/70774. Template:ODNBsub
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Obituary: General Sir Harry Tuzo, The Independent, 19 August 1998, archived by findarticles.com from the original. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  3. ↑ "No. 30393". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 November 1917. p. 12097.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "No. 34645". The London Gazette. 14 July 1939. pp. 4836–4837.
  5. ↑ "Recommendations for Honours and Awards—Image details—Tuzo, Harry Crawford" (Fee may be required to view full image of original recommendation). Documents Online. The National Archives. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
  6. ↑ "No. 36892". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 January 1945. p. 392.
  7. ↑ "No. 37213". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 August 1945. pp. 4044–4046.
  8. ↑ "No. 37442". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 January 1946. pp. 635–637.
  9. ↑ "No. 37635". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 June 1946. pp. 3366–3367.
  10. ↑ "No. 43837". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 December 1965. p. 11680.
  11. ↑ "No. 45322". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 March 1971. p. 2269.
  12. ↑ Bew, Paul; Gordon Gillespie (1993). Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993. Gill & Macmillan. p. 32. ISBN 0-7171-2081-3.
  13. ↑ "No. 45384". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 June 1971. p. 5958.
  14. ↑ "No. 45899". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 February 1973. p. 1680.
  15. ↑ Bew, Paul; Gordon Gillespie (1993). Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993. Gill & Macmillan. p. 58. ISBN 0-7171-2081-3.
  16. ↑ "No. 45984". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 May 1973. p. 6474.
  17. ↑ "No. 47768". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 February 1979. p. 1982.
  18. ↑ "Tuzo, Sir Harry (Craufurd) (1917–1998), General". Liddell-Hart Centre for Military Archives. King's College London. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  19. ↑ "No. 49474". The London Gazette. 12 September 1983. pp. 11950–11950.
  20. ↑ A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain Retrieved 2016-11-05.
Template:S-hon
Military offices
Preceded by
Vernon Erskine-Crum 		GOC British Army in Northern Ireland
1971–1973 		Succeeded by
Sir Frank King
Preceded by
Sir Peter Hunt 		C-in-C British Army of the Rhine
1973–1976
Preceded by
Sir John Mogg 		Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe
1976–1978 		Succeeded by
Sir Jack Harman
Preceded by
Sir Geoffrey Baker 		Master Gunner, St James's Park
1977–1983 		Succeeded by
Sir Thomas Morony
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