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{{short description|Indian flight attendant | {{short description|Indian flight attendant, a recipient of Ashoka Chakra and Nishan-e-Pakistan}} | ||
{{Indian name|Neerja|Bhanot}} | {{Indian name|Neerja|Bhanot}} | ||
{{About|the Indian Pan Am purser|the 2016 biographical film|Neerja}} | {{About|the Indian Pan Am purser|the 2016 biographical film|Neerja}} | ||
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{{infobox person | {{infobox person | ||
| name = Neerja Bhanot | | name = Neerja Bhanot | ||
| honorific_suffix = [[Ashoka Chakra Award|Ashoka Chakra]] | | honorific_suffix = [[Ashoka Chakra Award|Ashoka Chakra]] [[Nishan-e-Pakistan|Nishan-e-Pakistan]] | ||
| image = Neerja Bhanot 2004 stamp of India.jpg | | image = Neerja Bhanot 2004 stamp of India.jpg | ||
| alt = A 2004 Indian postage stamp depicting the Ashoka Chakra award next to a portrait of a smiling Bhanot | | alt = A 2004 Indian postage stamp depicting the Ashoka Chakra award next to a portrait of a smiling Bhanot | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Neerja Bhanot''' (7 September 1963 – 5 September 1986)<ref name="TheTribune">{{cite news |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99nov13/saturday/head10.htm |last=Vij |first=Illa |title=Brave in life, brave in death |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |publisher=Tribune Trust |date=13 November 2000}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/I-saw-Neerja-being-shot-in-the-head/articleshow/51034521.cms|title='I saw Neerja being shot in the head' –Said by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref> was an Indian [[Flight purser|purser]] who died while saving passengers on [[Pan Am Flight 73]] which had been hijacked by terrorists from a terrorist organization during a stopover in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]], on 5 September 1986, just two days before her 23rd birthday. Posthumously, she became and | '''Neerja Bhanot''' (7 September 1963 – 5 September 1986)<ref name="TheTribune">{{cite news |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99nov13/saturday/head10.htm |last=Vij |first=Illa |title=Brave in life, brave in death |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |publisher=Tribune Trust |date=13 November 2000}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/I-saw-Neerja-being-shot-in-the-head/articleshow/51034521.cms|title='I saw Neerja being shot in the head' –Said by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref> was an Indian [[Flight purser|purser]] who died while saving passengers on [[Pan Am Flight 73]] which had been hijacked by terrorists from a terrorist organization during a stopover in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]], on 5 September 1986, just two days before her 23rd birthday. Posthumously, she became the first female recipient and, until 2003, the youngest recipient of India's highest peacetime gallantry award, the [[Ashoka Chakra Award|Ashoka Chakra]], as well as several other accolades from the [[Government of Pakistan|governments of Pakistan]] and the [[Federal government of the United States|United States]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35800683|title=Inside a hijack: The unheard stories of the Pan Am 73 crew|last=Mohan|first=Megha|date=31 March 2016|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref> Her life and heroism inspired the 2016 biopic ''[[Neerja]]'' directed by [[Ram Madhvani]] and starring Indian actress [[Sonam Kapoor]]. | ||
==Early life and family== | ==Early life and family== | ||
Bhanot was born in [[Chandigarh]], India, and brought up in [[ | Bhanot was born in [[Chandigarh]], India, and brought up in [[Bombay, Maharashtra]] (present-day Mumbai) into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] [[Brahmin]] family of the [[Bhanot]] clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/609806/the-glamorous-lives-of-80-air-hostesses-in-india/|title=The glamorous lives of '80s air hostesses in India|work=Quartz|date=4 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 November 2018|title=Neerja Bhanot- Inspiration Personified|url=https://realbharat.org/neerja-bhanot-inspiration-personified/|access-date=15 January 2022|language=en-US}}</ref> She was the daughter of Harish Bhanot, a Bombay-based journalist, and Rama Bhanot. She had two brothers, Akhil and Aneesh Bhanot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/it-is-incredible-how-blessed-this-project-has-been-atul-kasbekar-116030500646_1.html|title=It is incredible how blessed this project has been: Atul Kasbekar|author=Avantika Bhuyan|date=5 March 2016}}</ref> She received her early schooling at Sacred Heart Senior Secondary School in Chandigarh. When the family moved to Bombay, she continued her studies at [[Bombay Scottish School]] and then graduated from [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College, Bombay]].<ref name="TheTribune"/> It was in Bombay where she was first spotted for a modeling assignment which began her modeling career.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/the-sky-was-her-limit |title='The Sky Was Her Limit |publisher=The Indian Express |access-date=23 February 2016}}</ref> She was a huge fan of actor [[Rajesh Khanna]] and used to refer to quotes from his films throughout her life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/report/neerja-a-fond-tribute-to-a-forgotten-hero/20160219.htm|title=Neerja: A fond tribute to a forgotten hero|access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> | ||
Her father, Harish Bhanot, worked as a [[journalist]] with ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'' for more than 30 years and died on [[New Year's Day]] in 2008 in [[Chandigarh]] at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/journalist-former-mc-member-harish-bhanot-passes-away/256740/ |title=Journalist, former MC member Harish Bhanot passes away |newspaper=The Indian Express |publisher=Indian Express Limited |date=2 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205091216/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Journalist-former-MC-member-Harish-Bhanot-passes-away/256740/ |archive-date=5 December 2008}}</ref> Her mother died on 5 December 2015 at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/body-donated-to-pgi-ashok-chakra-recipient-neerja-bhanots-mother-dies-at-86/ |title=Body donated to PGI: Ashok Chakra recipient Neerja Bhanot's mother dies at 86 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |first1=Jaskiran |last1=Kapoor |date=7 December 2015}}</ref> | Her father, Harish Bhanot, worked as a [[journalist]] with ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'' for more than 30 years and died on [[New Year's Day]] in 2008 in [[Chandigarh]] at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/journalist-former-mc-member-harish-bhanot-passes-away/256740/ |title=Journalist, former MC member Harish Bhanot passes away |newspaper=The Indian Express |publisher=Indian Express Limited |date=2 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205091216/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Journalist-former-MC-member-Harish-Bhanot-passes-away/256740/ |archive-date=5 December 2008}}</ref> Her mother died on 5 December 2015 at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/body-donated-to-pgi-ashok-chakra-recipient-neerja-bhanots-mother-dies-at-86/ |title=Body donated to PGI: Ashok Chakra recipient Neerja Bhanot's mother dies at 86 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |first1=Jaskiran |last1=Kapoor |date=7 December 2015}}</ref> | ||
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==Hijacking == | ==Hijacking == | ||
Bhanot was the Senior Flight Purser on [[Pan Am Flight 73]] flying from [[Mumbai|Bombay]] to the [[United States]] via [[Karachi]] and [[Frankfurt]], which was [[aircraft hijacking|hijacked]] by four armed men on 5 September 1986 | Bhanot was the Senior Flight Purser on [[Pan Am Flight 73]] flying from [[Mumbai|Bombay]] to the [[United States]] via [[Karachi]] and [[Frankfurt]], which was [[aircraft hijacking|hijacked]] by four armed men on 5 September 1986. The aircraft was carrying 380 passengers and 13 crew members. The terrorists wanted to fly to [[Cyprus]] with the goal of freeing Palestinian prisoners in Cyprus. Bhanot was able to alert the cockpit crew as soon as the hijackers boarded the plane, and as the plane was on the [[Airport apron|apron]], the three-member cockpit crew of pilot, co-pilot and the flight engineer fled from the aircraft through an overhead hatch in the cockpit. As the most senior cabin crew member, Bhanot took charge of the situation inside the plane.<ref name="travel"/><ref name="better"/><ref name="hijack">[http://www.thequint.com/waterqooler/2015/05/05/why-everyone-should-know-hijack-heroine-neerja-bhanots-story Why Everyone Should Know ‘Hijack Heroine’ Neerja Bhanot’s Story]. ''The Quint''</ref> | ||
The hijackers were part of the [[Abu Nidal Organization]], a Palestinian terrorist organization backed by [[Libya]]; they were targeting Americans and American assets. In the early minutes of the hijacking, they identified an Indian-American citizen, dragged him to the exit, shot him dead and threw his body from the plane. The terrorists then instructed Bhanot to collect the passports of all the passengers so that they could identify the other Americans on board. She and the other attendants under her charge hid the passports of the remaining 43 Americans on board, some under a seat and the rest down a garbage chute so that the hijackers could not differentiate between American and non-American passengers.<ref name="travel"/><ref name="better"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/47090/neerja-bhanot-pan-am-flight-hijack-survivor/|title=MY STORY: I Survived the Pan Am Hijack During Which Neerja Bhanot Lost Her Life|date=22 February 2016|newspaper=The Better India|access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref> | The hijackers were part of the [[Abu Nidal Organization]], a Palestinian terrorist organization backed by [[Libya]]; they were targeting Americans and American assets. In the early minutes of the hijacking, they identified an Indian-American citizen, dragged him to the exit, shot him dead and threw his body from the plane. The terrorists then instructed Bhanot to collect the passports of all the passengers so that they could identify the other Americans on board. She and the other attendants under her charge hid the passports of the remaining 43 Americans on board, some under a seat and the rest down a garbage chute so that the hijackers could not differentiate between American and non-American passengers.<ref name="travel"/><ref name="better"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/47090/neerja-bhanot-pan-am-flight-hijack-survivor/|title=MY STORY: I Survived the Pan Am Hijack During Which Neerja Bhanot Lost Her Life|date=22 February 2016|newspaper=The Better India|access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref> | ||
After 17 hours, the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives. Bhanot opened one of the airplane doors, and even though she could have been the first one to jump out and flee from the aircraft, she did not do so and instead started helping the other passengers escape. According to a surviving passenger, "She was guiding the passengers to the emergency exit. That is when the terrorists were firing constantly fearing a commando attack. They saw Neerja relentlessly trying to help three unaccompanied children, among others, out and that is when they caught her by her hair and shot her [[point blank]]."<ref>{{cite | After 17 hours, the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives. Bhanot opened one of the airplane doors, and even though she could have been the first one to jump out and flee from the aircraft, she did not do so and instead started helping the other passengers escape. According to a surviving passenger, "She was guiding the passengers to the emergency exit. That is when the terrorists were firing constantly fearing a commando attack. They saw Neerja relentlessly trying to help three unaccompanied children, among others, out and that is when they caught her by her hair and shot her [[point blank]]."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/I-saw-Neerja-being-shot-in-the-head/articleshow/51034521.cms|title='I saw Neerja being shot in the head' – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 February 2016 |access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> A child on board, then aged seven, became a captain for a major airline and has stated that Bhanot has been his inspiration, and that he owes every day of his life to her.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/who-is-neerja-bhanot-how-pan-am-73-flight-was-hijacked-in-sept-1986-2015608.html|title=Who is Neerja Bhanot & How Pan Am-73 flight was hijacked in Sept 1986?|newspaper=www.oneindia.com|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> She was recognized internationally as "the heroine of the hijacking" and became the youngest recipient of the [[Ashok Chakra Award]], India's most prestigious gallantry award for bravery during peacetime.<ref name="travel"/><ref name="better"/><ref name="hijack"/> | ||
In addition to saving the lives of many hostages, Bhanot | In addition to saving the lives of many hostages, Bhanot also helped prevent the plane from getting off the ground. She posthumously received multiple awards for her courage from the Government of [[United States]], and the [[Nishan-e-Pakistan|Tamgha-e-Pakistan]] from [[Pakistan]], an award given for showing great human kindness.<ref name="better">{{cite web|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/40218/neerja-bhanot-flight-attendant-hijack-bravery/|title=Neerja Bhanot – The Indian Flight Attendant Who Saved 360 Lives|work=The Better India|author=Kapoor, Vandita |date=19 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=ov>{{cite web|url=http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/ncvrw/2006/2006bios_4.htm |title=Special Courage Awards: Pan Am Flight 73 flight attendants and the Pan Am Director for Pakistan |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313140442/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc//ncvrw/2006/2006bios_4.htm |archive-date=13 March 2008 }}</ref> | ||
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
For her bravery, the [[Government of India]] posthumously awarded Bhanot the [[Ashoka Chakra Award]], India's highest gallantry award for bravery in the face of the enemy during peacetime. She is the youngest recipient to date and the first female recipient of this award.<ref name="TheTribune" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations invited for Neerja Bhanot Awards |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=199839 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Limited]] |date=5 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205023822/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=199839 |archive-date=5 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>Ambardar, Avani (20 July 2014) [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Neerja-Bhanot-Brave-in-life-brave-in-death/articleshow/38703220.cms Neerja Bhanot: Brave in life, brave in death]. ''Times of India''.</ref> In 2004 the [[Indian Postal Service]] released a stamp commemorating her.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stamp on Neerja released |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041009/nation.htm#2 |newspaper=The Tribune |publisher=Tribune Trust |date=9 October 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080104/jsp/nation/story_8741544.jsp |last=Jaffry |first=Nasir |title=Pak frees Pan Am hijack quartet |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |publisher=[[ABP Group]] |date=4 January 2008}}</ref>{{Quote box | For her bravery, the [[Government of India]] posthumously awarded Bhanot the [[Ashoka Chakra Award]], India's highest gallantry award for bravery in the face of the enemy during peacetime. She is the youngest recipient to date and the first female recipient of this award.<ref name="TheTribune" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations invited for Neerja Bhanot Awards |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=199839 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Limited]] |date=5 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205023822/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=199839 |archive-date=5 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>Ambardar, Avani (20 July 2014) [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Neerja-Bhanot-Brave-in-life-brave-in-death/articleshow/38703220.cms Neerja Bhanot: Brave in life, brave in death]. ''Times of India''.</ref> In 2004 the [[Indian Postal Service]] released a stamp commemorating her.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stamp on Neerja released |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041009/nation.htm#2 |newspaper=The Tribune |publisher=Tribune Trust |date=9 October 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080104/jsp/nation/story_8741544.jsp |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080108115050/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080104/jsp/nation/story_8741544.jsp |url-status= dead |archive-date= 8 January 2008 |last=Jaffry |first=Nasir |title=Pak frees Pan Am hijack quartet |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |publisher=[[ABP Group]] |date=4 January 2008}}</ref>{{Quote box | ||
| quote = Her loyalties to the passengers of the aircraft in distress will forever be a lasting tribute to the finest qualities of the human spirit. | | quote = Her loyalties to the passengers of the aircraft in distress will forever be a lasting tribute to the finest qualities of the human spirit. | ||
|source={{emdash}}Ashok Chakra citation<ref name="TheTribune"/> | |source={{emdash}}Ashok Chakra citation<ref name="TheTribune"/> | ||
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==In popular culture== | ==In popular culture== | ||
* ''The Neerja I Knew'' – a [[coffee table book]] conceptualised by her brother Aneesh Bhanot and published as a tribute to Bhanot, consisting of several chapters written by people who knew her.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Book-in-the-memory-of-Neerja-released/articleshow/51032897.cms Book in the memory of Neerja released]. ''Times of India'' (18 February 2016). Retrieved on 14 November 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/the-neerja-i-knew-this-book-is-tribute-to-my-younger-sister-who-showed-true-meaning-of-courage/|title=The Neerja I Knew: 'This book is tribute to my younger sister who showed true meaning of courage'|date=18 February 2016|work=Indian Express|access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> | * ''The Neerja I Knew'' – a [[coffee table book]] conceptualised by her brother Aneesh Bhanot and published as a tribute to Bhanot, consisting of several chapters written by people who knew her.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Book-in-the-memory-of-Neerja-released/articleshow/51032897.cms Book in the memory of Neerja released]. ''Times of India'' (18 February 2016). Retrieved on 14 November 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/the-neerja-i-knew-this-book-is-tribute-to-my-younger-sister-who-showed-true-meaning-of-courage/|title=The Neerja I Knew: 'This book is tribute to my younger sister who showed true meaning of courage'|date=18 February 2016|work=Indian Express|access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> | ||
* ''[[Neerja]]'' – a 2016 Indian Hindi-language biographical thriller drama film written by Saiwyn Quadras and directed by [[Ram Madhvani]] starring [[Sonam Kapoor]] in title role of "Head Purser" Neerja Bhanot. Sonam Kapoor received a special mention National Award for her acting in the film in 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|title=Neerja: A fond tribute to a forgotten hero|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/neerja-a-fond-tribute-to-a-forgotten-hero/20160219.htm|access-date=22 October 2021|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref> | * ''[[Neerja]]'' – a 2016 Indian Hindi-language biographical thriller drama film written by Saiwyn Quadras and directed by [[Ram Madhvani]] starring [[Sonam Kapoor]] in title role of "Head Purser" Neerja Bhanot. Sonam Kapoor received a special mention National Award for her acting in the film in 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|title=Neerja: A fond tribute to a forgotten hero|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/neerja-a-fond-tribute-to-a-forgotten-hero/20160219.htm|access-date=22 October 2021|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref> | ||
*''The Smile of Courage –'' a book written by her brother Aneesh Bhanot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.tribuneindia.com/1782647/Life+Style-(Chd)/LT-20-August-2018#page/4/2|author=Kaur, Gurnaaz|work=Tribune India|date=20 August 2018|title=A tale of courage}}</ref> | *''The Smile of Courage –'' a book written by her brother Aneesh Bhanot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.tribuneindia.com/1782647/Life+Style-(Chd)/LT-20-August-2018#page/4/2|author=Kaur, Gurnaaz|work=Tribune India|date=20 August 2018|title=A tale of courage}}</ref> | ||
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==Awards and honours== | ==Awards and honours== | ||
* [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashoka Chakra]], 1987, India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Zb02lKANjvkVUclnaE1NSg==&ParentID=xvMfYnM+Kb8YsPT0gtXYmg==|title=Ashoka Chakra recipients (1952–92)|publisher=Indian Army Web Portal|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref> | * [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashoka Chakra]], 1987, India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Zb02lKANjvkVUclnaE1NSg==&ParentID=xvMfYnM+Kb8YsPT0gtXYmg==|title=Ashoka Chakra recipients (1952–92)|publisher=Indian Army Web Portal|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref> | ||
* | * [[Nishan-e-Pakistan]], 1987, (for showing incredible human kindness), [[Pakistan]]<ref name="catchnews">{{cite web |url=http://www.catchnews.com/national-news/pakistan-bans-neerja-now-but-why-then-did-they-award-the-pan-am-hero-1455181404.html |title=Pakistan bans Neerja now. But why then did they award the Pan Am hero? |last=Sengupta |first=Durga M |date=11 February 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420181728/http://www.catchnews.com/national-news/pakistan-bans-neerja-now-but-why-then-did-they-award-the-pan-am-hero-1455181404.html |archive-date=20 April 2016 }}</ref> | ||
* [[Flight Safety Foundation]] Heroism Award 1987, United States<ref>{{cite news |url=http://flightsafety.org/aviation-awards/archived-aviation-awards/fsf-heroism-award |title=FSF Heroism Award |work=Flight Safety Foundation |date=2011 |access-date=10 April 2016 }}</ref> | * [[Flight Safety Foundation]] Heroism Award 1987, United States<ref>{{cite news |url=http://flightsafety.org/aviation-awards/archived-aviation-awards/fsf-heroism-award |title=FSF Heroism Award |work=Flight Safety Foundation |date=2011 |access-date=10 April 2016 }}</ref> | ||
* Justice for Crimes Award 2005, [[United States Attorney for the District of Columbia|United States Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia]], United States<ref name="JusticeForCrimesAward"/> | * Justice for Crimes Award 2005, [[United States Attorney for the District of Columbia|United States Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia]], United States<ref name="JusticeForCrimesAward"/> | ||