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{{short description|Thirteenth book of the Mahabharata}} | {{short description|Thirteenth book of the Mahabharata}} | ||
'''Anushasana Parva''' ({{lang-sa|अनुशासन पर्व}}, [[IAST]]: Anuśāsanaparva) or the "Book of Instructions", is the thirteenth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic [[Mahabharata]]. It traditionally has 2 sub-books and 168 chapters.<ref name="kmg">Ganguli, K.M. (1883-1896) "[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/index.htm Anusasana Parva]" in ''The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa'' (12 Volumes). Calcutta</ref><ref name="mnd">Dutt, M.N. (1903) ''The Mahabharata (Volume 13): Anushasana Parva''. Calcutta: Elysium Press</ref> The critical edition has 2 sub-books and 154 chapters.<ref>van Buitenen, J.A.B. (1973) ''The Mahabharata: Book 1: The Book of the Beginning''. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, p 478</ref><ref>Debroy, B. (2010) ''The Mahabharata, Volume 1''. Gurgaon: Penguin Books India, pp xxiii - xxvi</ref> Sometimes this parva is referred to as the "Book of Precepts".<ref name=jm/> | '''Anushasana Parva''' ({{lang-sa|अनुशासन पर्व}}, [[IAST]]: Anuśāsanaparva) or the "Book of Instructions", is the thirteenth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic [[Mahabharata]]. It traditionally has 2 sub-books and 168 chapters.<ref name="kmg">Ganguli, K.M. (1883-1896) "[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/index.htm Anusasana Parva]" in ''The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa'' (12 Volumes). Calcutta</ref><ref name="mnd">Dutt, M.N. (1903) ''The Mahabharata (Volume 13): Anushasana Parva''. Calcutta: Elysium Press</ref> The critical edition has 2 sub-books and 154 chapters.<ref>van Buitenen, J.A.B. (1973) ''The Mahabharata: Book 1: The Book of the Beginning''. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, p 478</ref><ref>Debroy, B. (2010) ''The Mahabharata, Volume 1''. Gurgaon: Penguin Books India, pp xxiii - xxvi</ref> Sometimes this parva is referred to as the "Book of Precepts".<ref name=jm/> | ||
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==Structure and context== | ==Structure and context== | ||
Anushasana [[Mahabharata#The 18 parvas or books|Parva]] (book) traditionally has 2 sub-parvas (sub-books or little books) and 168 adhyayas (sections, chapters).<ref name=kmg/><ref>[http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/scripts/FullindexDefault.htm?path1=/data9/upload/0288/145&first=1&last=537&barcode=99999990290213 Anushasana Parva] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222062735/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/scripts/FullindexDefault.htm?path1=%2Fdata9%2Fupload%2F0288%2F145&first=1&last=537&barcode=99999990290213 |date=2014-02-22 }} The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1905), Page 350</ref> The following are the sub-parvas:<ref name=bd/><ref>{{cite web |title=Mahābhārata (Table of Contents) |url=https://www.tititudorancea.com/z/mahabharata_table_of_contents.htm |website=The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin |access-date=2021-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anushasana Parva |url=http://www.vyasaonline.com/anushasana-parva/ |website=vyasaonline.com |access-date=2021-03-01}}</ref> | Anushasana [[Mahabharata#The 18 parvas or books|Parva]] (book) traditionally has 2 sub-parvas (sub-books or little books) and 168 adhyayas (sections, chapters).<ref name=kmg/><ref>[http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/scripts/FullindexDefault.htm?path1=/data9/upload/0288/145&first=1&last=537&barcode=99999990290213 Anushasana Parva] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222062735/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/scripts/FullindexDefault.htm?path1=%2Fdata9%2Fupload%2F0288%2F145&first=1&last=537&barcode=99999990290213 |date=2014-02-22 }} The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1905), Page 350</ref> The following are the sub-parvas:<ref name=bd/><ref>{{cite web |title=Mahābhārata (Table of Contents) |url=https://www.tititudorancea.com/z/mahabharata_table_of_contents.htm |website=The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin |access-date=2021-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anushasana Parva |url=http://www.vyasaonline.com/anushasana-parva/ |website=vyasaonline.com |access-date=2021-03-01}}</ref> | ||
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===Duties and rights of women=== | ===Duties and rights of women=== | ||
Various chapters of Anushasana parva recite the duties and rights of women. The goddess of prosperity [[Lakshmi]] asserts, in the verses of Chapter 11, that she lives in those women who are truthful, sincere, modest, organized, devoted to their husband and children, health conscious, patient and kind to guests.<ref name=kmg/> The goddess asserts she does not reside in woman who is sinful, unclean, always disagreeing with her husband, has no patience or fortitude, is lazy, quarrelsome with her neighbors and relatives. In Chapter 123,<ref name=kmg123/> | Various chapters of Anushasana parva recite the duties and rights of women. The goddess of prosperity [[Lakshmi]] asserts, in the verses of Chapter 11, that she lives in those women who are truthful, sincere, modest, organized, devoted to their husband and children, health conscious, patient and kind to guests.<ref name=kmg/> The goddess asserts she does not reside in woman who is sinful, unclean, always disagreeing with her husband, has no patience or fortitude, is lazy, quarrelsome with her neighbors and relatives. In Chapter 123,<ref name=kmg123/> | ||