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{{Short description|Indian mountaineer (1936–2022)}}
{{Short description|Indian mountaineer (1936–2022)}}
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[[Major]] '''Hari Pal Singh Ahluwalia''' (6 November 1936 – 14 January 2022) was an Indian mountaineer, author, social worker and retired [[Indian Ordnance Factories Service]] ([[IOFS]]) officer.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfuDnpVlmlcC&dq=H.+P.+S.+Ahluwalia+iofs&pg=PA75 | title=Sikh Achievers | year=2008 | isbn=9788170103653 }}</ref> During his career he made contributions in the fields of adventure, sports, environment, disability and social work.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.everesthistory.com/climbers/ahluwalia.htm |title=  H.P.S. Ahluwalia -|website=www.everesthistory.com}}</ref> He is one of six Indian men and the twenty first man in the world to climb [[Mount Everest]]. On 29 May 1965, 12 years to the day from the first ascent of [[Mount Everest]], he made the summit with the fourth and final successful attempt of the 1965 Indian Everest Expedition along with [[Harish Chandra Singh Rawat|H. C. S. Rawat]] and [[Phu Dorjee Sherpa]]. This was the first time three climbers stood on the summit together.
[[Major]] '''Hari Pal Singh Ahluwalia''' (6 November 1936 – 14 January 2022) was an Indian mountaineer, author, social worker and retired [[Indian Ordnance Factories Service]] ([[IOFS]]) officer.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfuDnpVlmlcC&dq=H.+P.+S.+Ahluwalia+iofs&pg=PA75 | title=Sikh Achievers | year=2008 | isbn=9788170103653 }}</ref> During his career he made contributions in the fields of adventure, sports, environment, disability and social work.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.everesthistory.com/climbers/ahluwalia.htm |title=  H.P.S. Ahluwalia -|website=www.everesthistory.com}}</ref> He is one of six Indian men and the twenty first man in the world to climb [[Mount Everest]]. On 29 May 1965, 12 years to the day from the first ascent of [[Mount Everest]], he made the summit with the fourth and final successful attempt of the 1965 Indian Everest Expedition along with [[Harish Chandra Singh Rawat|H. C. S. Rawat]] and [[Phu Dorjee Sherpa]]. This was the first time three climbers stood on the summit together.


Foll]], [[Darjeeling]], he climbed extensively in [[Sikkim]], Nepal. The 1965 Indian Army expedition was the first successful [[Indian Everest Expedition 1965|Indian Expedition to Everest]] which put 9 mountaineers on top, a record which lasted 17 years, and was led by [[Mohan Singh Kohli|Captain M S Kohli]]. He along with [[Avtar Singh Cheema]], [[Nawang Gombu]] Sherpa, [[Sonam Gyatso (mountaineer)|Sonam Gyatso]], [[Sonam Wangyal]], [[Chandra Prakash Vohra]], [[Ang Kami]] Sherpa, [[Harish Chandra Singh Rawat]] and [[Phu Dorjee]] Sherpa summited the peak in 1965 and became the first Indians to successfully climb Mount Everest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/indian-mount-everest-expedition/|title=First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website=www.istampgallery.com|date=22 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/25939/did-you-know-that-50-years-ago-9-indians-held-a-record-for-climbing-mount-everest/|title=First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website=www.thebetterindia.com|date=17 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjF7ZzEJPhg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/UjF7ZzEJPhg |archive-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHkwqaXLmooC|title= Nine Atop Everest-First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|isbn= 9788173871115|last1= Kohli|first1= M. S.|date= December 2000}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ZDIwIHEyFLl1y3lVvqtQ5J/The-first-Indians-on-Everest.html|title= The first Indians on Everest-First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website= www.livemint.com|date= 16 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/26/2/nine-atop-everest/|title= The first Indians on Everest-First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website= www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref>  During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], he suffered a bullet injury to his spine which resulted in his confinement to a wheelchair. He was the Chairman of Indian Spinal Injuries Centre. He has written thirteen books and has also produced an award-winning serial, ''Beyond Himalaya'', which has been telecast all over the world on Discovery and National Geographic channels.<ref name=":0" />
Foll]], [[Darjeeling]], he climbed extensively in [[Sikkim]], Nepal. The 1965 Indian Army expedition was the first successful [[Indian Everest Expedition 1965|Indian Expedition to Everest]] which put 9 mountaineers on top, a record which lasted 17 years, and was led by [[Mohan Singh Kohli|Captain M S Kohli]]. He along with [[Avtar Singh Cheema]], [[Nawang Gombu]] Sherpa, [[Sonam Gyatso (mountaineer)|Sonam Gyatso]], [[Sonam Wangyal]], [[Chandra Prakash Vohra]], [[Ang Kami]] Sherpa, [[Harish Chandra Singh Rawat]] and [[Phu Dorjee]] Sherpa summited the peak in 1965 and became the first Indians to successfully climb Mount Everest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/indian-mount-everest-expedition/|title=First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website=www.istampgallery.com|date=22 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/25939/did-you-know-that-50-years-ago-9-indians-held-a-record-for-climbing-mount-everest/|title=First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website=www.thebetterindia.com|date=17 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjF7ZzEJPhg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/UjF7ZzEJPhg |archive-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHkwqaXLmooC|title= Nine Atop Everest-First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|isbn= 9788173871115|last1= Kohli|first1= M. S.|date= December 2000}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ZDIwIHEyFLl1y3lVvqtQ5J/The-first-Indians-on-Everest.html|title= The first Indians on Everest-First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website= www.livemint.com|date= 16 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/26/2/nine-atop-everest/|title= The first Indians on Everest-First successful Indian Expedition of 1965-|website= www.himalayanclub.org}}</ref>  During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], he suffered a bullet injury to his spine which resulted in his confinement to a wheelchair. He was the Chairman of Indian Spinal Injuries Centre. He has written thirteen books and has also produced an award-winning serial, ''Beyond Himalaya'', which has been telecast all over the world on Discovery and National Geographic channels.<ref name=":0" />


==Early life==
==Early life==
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==Military career==
==Military career==
[[File:Major Ahluwalia in his Army Days.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Major Ahluwalia (center) in his Army days]]
 
After his graduation Ahluwalia joined the Indian Army as an officer, receiving a commission as a second lieutenant in the Army Electrical-Mechanical Engineering branch on 14 December 1958.<ref name="commission">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=226 |date=12 September 1959 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He was promoted to lieutenant on 14 December 1960 and to captain on 14 December 1964.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=20 |date=21 January 1961 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=146 |date=20 March 1965 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> Seeing action during the 1965 war with Pakistan, he was wounded by a bullet in his spine, which left him confined to a wheelchair. He received an early discharge from the Army on 8 January 1968,<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=295 |date=3 March 1973 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> with the honorary rank of major.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part II-Section 3 |page=5 |date=15 September 1997 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
After his graduation Ahluwalia joined the Indian Army as an officer, receiving a commission as a second lieutenant in the Army Electrical-Mechanical Engineering branch on 14 December 1958.<ref name="commission">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=226 |date=12 September 1959 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He was promoted to lieutenant on 14 December 1960 and to captain on 14 December 1964.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=20 |date=21 January 1961 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=146 |date=20 March 1965 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> Seeing action during the 1965 war with Pakistan, he was wounded by a bullet in his spine, which left him confined to a wheelchair. He received an early discharge from the Army on 8 January 1968,<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=295 |date=3 March 1973 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> with the honorary rank of major.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part II-Section 3 |page=5 |date=15 September 1997 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>


==Expeditions and adventures==
==Expeditions and adventures==
After treatment at [[Stoke Mandeville Hospital]] in England, he continued to pursue his love of adventure by organising pioneering events such as the first Ski Expedition to [[Mount Trisul]], the first Trans-Himalaya Motor Expedition (1983),{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} and the Central Asia Cultural Expedition (1994){{citation needed|date=November 2022}} following the Silk & [[Marco Polo]]'s Route through [[Uzbekistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Kazakhstan]], entering China in the Asian City of [[Kashgar]], Yarkhand and returned via Tibet and [[Kathmandu]].
After treatment at [[Stoke Mandeville Hospital]] in England, he continued to pursue his love of adventure by organising pioneering events such as the first Ski Expedition to [[Mount Trisul]], the first Trans-Himalaya Motor Expedition (1983),{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} and the Central Asia Cultural Expedition (1994){{citation needed|date=November 2014}} following the Silk & [[Marco Polo]]'s Route through [[Uzbekistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Kazakhstan]], entering China in the Asian City of [[Kashgar]], Yarkhand and returned via Tibet and [[Kathmandu]].


Ahluwalia has also been the President of the Indian Mountaineering Foundation and Delhi Mountaineering Association. He was also the Chairman of Special Ability Trust (created to assist young achievers with disabilities with fellowships and scholarships), Youth Exploring Society (with its chapters in Ireland, West Germany and Italy), Rehabilitation Council of India (a statutory body under the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment), Chairman of Planning Committee of Persons with Disability of 12-year plan and Chairman of the Committee of Drafting Country Report.
Ahluwalia has also been the President of the Indian Mountaineering Foundation and Delhi Mountaineering Association. He was also the Chairman of Special Ability Trust (created to assist young achievers with disabilities with fellowships and scholarships), Youth Exploring Society (with its chapters in Ireland, West Germany and Italy), Rehabilitation Council of India (a statutory body under the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment), Chairman of Planning Committee of Persons with Disability of 12-year plan and Chairman of the Committee of Drafting Country Report.
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*[[Padma Shri]]-1965<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1965-1965&Award=Padma%20Shri&Field=Sports|title= Padma Shree for The first Indians on Everest on 1965-|website= www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Padma Shri]]-1965<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1965-1965&Award=Padma%20Shri&Field=Sports|title= Padma Shree for The first Indians on Everest on 1965-|website= www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Padma Bhushan]]-2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110413/bathinda.htm#4|title=Everest conqueror cautions against perils of professional climbing|date=13 April 2011|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref>
*[[Padma Bhushan]]-2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110413/bathinda.htm#4|title=Everest conqueror cautions against perils of professional climbing|date=13 April 2011|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref>
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*[[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]] for lifetime achievement-29 August 2009
*[[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]] for lifetime achievement-29 August 2009
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