2019 Indian general election: Difference between revisions

{{short description|Elections for the 17th Lok Sabha}}

{{Use Indian English|date = April 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}

| election_date = 11 April – 19 May 2019

| seats_for_election = 542{{efn|name=seats|Two seats are reserved for Anglo-Indians and filled through Presidential nomination, while the poll in one constituency was cancelled.}} (of the 545) seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]

| turnout = '''67.40%''' ({{increase}}0.96%)

| image1 = [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|130x130px]]

| leader1 = '''[[Narendra Modi]]'''

| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]

| last_election1 = 282

| swing1 = {{increase}}6.02%

| image2 = [[File:Rahul Gandhi (portrait crop).jpg|130x130px]]

| alliance2 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]

| last_election2 = 44

| percentage2 = 21.01%

| swing2 = {{increase}}1.03%

| swing7 = {{increase}}0.37%

| map = [[File:Indian_General_Election_2019.svg|frameless|upright=1.35]]

| map_caption = Seat results by constituency. As this is a [[First-past-the-post voting|FPTP]] election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead by the result in each constituency.

| before_party = [[BJP]]

| posttitle = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] after election

| after_party = [[BJP]]

The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won 303 seats, further increasing its substantial majority<ref>{{cite news |title=India Election Results: Modi and the B.J.P. Make History |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/world/asia/india-election-results.html |website=NYT |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523031230/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/world/asia/india-election-results.html |archive-date=23 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) won 353 seats.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48389130|title=Modi thanks India for 'historic mandate'|date=23 May 2019|access-date=29 May 2019|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528223438/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48389130|archive-date=28 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The BJP won 37.46% of votes, while the NDA's combined vote was 45% of the 603.7 million votes that were polled.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/analysis-highest-ever-national-vote-share-for-the-bjp/article27218550.ece|title=Analysis: Highest-ever national vote share for the BJP|first=Srinivasan|last=Ramani|date=23 May 2019|access-date=22 December 2019|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/61-crore-voted-2019-lok-sabha-elections-66-voter-turnout_in_5ce22bd1e4b00e035b92e395|title=61 Crore Indians Voted In 2019 Lok Sabha Elections; 66% Estimated Voter Turnout|date=20 May 2019|website=HuffPost India|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> The [[Indian National Congress]] won just 52 seats, failing again to get 10% or 55 seats needed to claim the post of leader of the opposition, and the Congress-led [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|United Progressive Alliance]] won 91. Other parties and their alliances won 98 seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lok Sabha Election 2019 - Party Alliance Details, General Elections |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/party-alliance-details |website=India Today |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526172433/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/party-alliance-details |archive-date=26 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>  

[[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative assembly]] elections in the states of [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh]], [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]], [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha]] and [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim]] were held simultaneously with the general election,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/in-depth/lok-sabha-elections-2019/2019/03/10/assembly-polls-lok-sabha-polls-jammu-and-kashmir.html|title=Assembly polls in 4 states with Lok Sabha elections but not in J&K- Malayala Manorama |website=english.manoramaonline.com |language=en-GB |access-date=11 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404003833/https://english.manoramaonline.com/in-depth/lok-sabha-elections-2019/2019/03/10/assembly-polls-lok-sabha-polls-jammu-and-kashmir.html |archive-date=4 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-lok-sabha-elections-2019-congress-mp-favours-more-seats-for-rjd-in-bihar-461365 |title=Lok Sabha elections 2019: Congress MP favours more seats for RJD in Bihar |date=4 September 2018 |access-date=29 September 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044000/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-lok-sabha-elections-2019-congress-mp-favours-more-seats-for-rjd-in-bihar-461365 |archive-date=4 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> as well as [[2019–20 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|by-elections]] to twenty-two seats of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/aiadmk-proves-it-mettle-in-tamil-nadu-maintains-hold-on-govt-after-winning-9-bypoll-seats-2157319.html |title=AIADMK Proves it Mettle in Tamil Nadu, Maintains Hold on Govt After Winning 9 Bypoll Seats |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708143002/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/aiadmk-proves-it-mettle-in-tamil-nadu-maintains-hold-on-govt-after-winning-9-bypoll-seats-2157319.html |archive-date=8 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The elections are held on schedule and as per the [[Constitution of India]] that mandates parliamentary elections once every five years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/general-election-will-be-held-in-2019-as-per-schedule-says-rajnath-singh/article24844428.ece|title=General election will be held in 2019 as per schedule, says Rajnath Singh|last=Singh|first=Vijaita|date=1 September 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=4 January 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

|38<ref name=":12" group="n">Polling in [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore]] was cancelled. ([[#Rescheduled voting, cancellations|see below]])</ref>

=== Rescheduled voting, cancellations ===

*[[Tripura East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura East]], [[Tripura]]: The [[Election Commission of India]] deferred polling from 18 to 23 April due to the law and order situation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/three-tier-security-at-17-counting-centres-in-tripura/article27212155.ece|title=Three-tier security at 17 counting centres in Tripura|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 May 2019|last1=Ali|first1=Syed Sajjad}}</ref> The poll panel took the decision following reports from the Special Police Observers that the circumstances were not conducive for holding free and fair elections in the constituency.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/polling-in-tripura-east-deferred-to-april-23/article26858600.ece|title=Polling in Tripura East deferred to April 23|date=16 April 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 May 2019|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Campaigning ==

=== Issues ===

 

The opposition parties accused the NDA government of destroying democratic institutions and processes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mamata-banerjee-tmc-united-opposition-rally-top-quotes-5545979/|title=Mamata's Opposition rally top quotes: 'One ambition — save India, save democracy'|date=19 January 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402043101/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mamata-banerjee-tmc-united-opposition-rally-top-quotes-5545979/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Modi denied these allegations, and blamed Congress and the communists for undermining institutions including the police, the CBI, and the CAG, and cited the [[Politics of Kerala#The epicenter of violence|murder of BJP activists in Kerala]] and Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/opposition-united-only-for-corruption-undermining-institutions-alleges-pm-modi/articleshow/67712721.cms|title=Opposition united only for corruption, undermining institutions, alleges PM Modi|author=T Ramavarman|date=27 January 2019|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/opposition-united-only-for-corruption-undermining-institutions-alleges-pm-modi/articleshow/67712721.cms|archive-date=26 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Congress party, along with other opposition parties and a group of retired civil servants, accused the ECI of being compromised, and implied that they endorsed the model code of conduct violations by Narendra Modi and other BJP political leaders during their campaigns.<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/election-commission-endorsing-modi-violations-congress/cid/1689564 Election Commission endorsing Modi violations: Congress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150659/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/election-commission-endorsing-modi-violations-congress/cid/1689564 |date=6 May 2019 }}, The Telegraph (28 April 2019)</ref><ref name="nandini041620192">[https://www.republicworld.com/election-news/indian-general-elections/countering-criticism-of-ec-81-civil-servants-write-counter-letter-to-the-president-reposing-their-faith-in-the-poll-body-read-here Countering Criticism Of EC, 81 Civil Servants Write Counter-letter To The President Reposing Their Faith In The Poll Body. Read Here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150700/https://www.republicworld.com/election-news/indian-general-elections/countering-criticism-of-ec-81-civil-servants-write-counter-letter-to-the-president-reposing-their-faith-in-the-poll-body-read-here |date=6 May 2019 }}, Republic World (16 April 2019)</ref> Another group of 81 retired civil servants, judges and academics disputed these allegations, made counter-allegations, and stated that the ECI acted fairly and similarly in alleged violations by either side. The group stated that such political attacks on the ECI were a "deliberate attempt to denigrate and delegitimise the democratic institutions".<ref name="nandini041620192" /><ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/lok-sabha-elections-grand-alliance-bjp-election-commission-evm-machine-tampering-5701521/ In its attack on Modi government, the Opposition has failed to distinguish between political executive and independent institutions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150659/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/lok-sabha-elections-grand-alliance-bjp-election-commission-evm-machine-tampering-5701521/ |date=6 May 2019 }}, The Indian Express (30 April 2019)</ref>

{{see|India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)|2019 Balakot airstrike}}In response to the [[2019 Pulwama attack]], the [[Indian Air Force]] conducted [[2019 Balakot airstrike|airstrikes inside Pakistan]] — for the first time since the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 Indo-Pak war]]. The [[India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)|ongoing conflict with Pakistan]] became a significant factor in the election. The opposition parties accused of politicising the army, whilst the BJP countered their accusations by stating that such allegations raised by them were adversely affecting the morale of armed forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/10/india/indias-next-general-deciding-issues-intl/index.html|title=Unemployment a key issue as India's Narendra Modi seeks re-election|author=Kumar, Nikhil|date=14 March 2019|publisher=CNN|access-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330162529/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/10/india/indias-next-general-deciding-issues-intl/index.html|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

A report on unemployment prepared by the National Sample Survey Office's (NSSO's) periodic labour force survey, has not been officially released by the government. According to ''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]'', this report is the "first comprehensive survey on employment conducted by a government agency after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetisation move in November 2016". According to this report, the 2017–2018 "usual status"{{efn|name=jobs}} unemployment rate in India is 6.1 per cent, which is a four-decade high.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/india-unemployment-rate-hits-four-decade-high-of-6-pct-in-2017-says-nsso-survey/story/315420.html|title=India's unemployment rate hit four-decade high of 6.1% in 2017–18, says NSSO survey|website=businesstoday.in|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327222013/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/india-unemployment-rate-hits-four-decade-high-of-6-pct-in-2017-says-nsso-survey/story/315420.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|name=jobs|The unemployment data in India is not collected on a monthly or an annual basis, rather it is determined through a sample survey once every 5 years, with a few exceptions. The survey methodology is unlike those in major world economies, and sub-classifies unemployment into categories such as "usual status unemployment" and "current status unemployment" based on the answers given by the individuals interviewed. Its methodology and results have been questioned by various scholars.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Employment and Unemployment Situation in 1990s: How Good Are NSS Data?|author=Indira Hirway|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume= 37|number= 21|year= 2002|pages= 2027–2036}}</ref><ref name=bhalla04132019/><ref>{{cite journal|title=Some Aspects of the Implementation of India's Employment Guarantee|author1=Yoshifumi Usami|author2=Vikas Rawal|journal=Review of Agrarian Studies|volume=2|number=2|year=2012|pages=74–93}}</ref> The report and the refusal of the BJP government to release it has been criticised by economist [[Surjit Bhalla]].<ref name=bhalla04132019>[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/modi-government-opposition-congress-unemployment-jobs-data-statistical-embarrassment-5673325/ A Statistical Embarrassment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416185254/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/modi-government-opposition-congress-unemployment-jobs-data-statistical-embarrassment-5673325/ |date=16 April 2019 }}, Surjit Bhalla, The Indian Express (13 April 2019)</ref> According to Bhalla, the survey methodology is flawed and its results absurd, because the sample survey-based report finds that India's overall population has declined since 2011–12 by 1.2 per cent (contrary to the Census data which states a 6.7 per cent increase). The report finds that India's percent urbanisation and urban workforce has declined since 2012, which is contrary to all other studies on Indian urbanisation trends, states Bhalla.<ref name=bhalla04132019/> According to NSSO's report's data, "the Modi government has unleashed the most inclusive growth anywhere, and at any time in human history" – which is as unbelievable as the unemployment data it reports, states Bhalla.<ref name=bhalla04132019/> The NSSO report suggests the inflation-adjusted employment income of casual workers has dramatically increased while those of the salaried wage-earners has fallen during the 5-years of BJP government.<ref name=bhalla04132019/> The NSSO has also changed the sampling methodology in the latest round, state Bhalla and Avik Sarkar,<ref>[https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/unemployment-in-india-the-real-reason-behind-low-employment-numbers/1500640/ Unemployment in India: The real reason behind low employment numbers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418003432/https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/unemployment-in-india-the-real-reason-behind-low-employment-numbers/1500640/ |date=18 April 2019 }}, Financial Express, Avik Sarkar (28 February 2019)</ref> which is one of the likely sources of its flawed statistics and conclusions.<ref name=bhalla04132019/>}} The government has claimed that the report was not final.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/jobs-data-not-finalised-government-after-nsso-report/articleshow/67782769.cms|title=Jobs data not finalised: Government after NSSO 'Report'|date=1 February 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327221821/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/jobs-data-not-finalised-government-after-nsso-report/articleshow/67782769.cms|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) – a United Nations agency, unemployment is rising in India and the "unemployment rate in the country [India] will stand at 3.5 percent in 2018 and 2019 – the same level of unemployment seen in 2017 and 2016", instead of dropping to 3.4 percent as it had previously projected.<ref name="ilojan20192">(a) [https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/more-joblessness-ilo-sees-india-s-unemployment-rate-rising-to-3-5-in-2018-118012300389_1.html More joblessness: ILO sees India's unemployment rate rising to 3.5% in 2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414160724/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/more-joblessness-ilo-sees-india-s-unemployment-rate-rising-to-3-5-in-2018-118012300389_1.html |date=14 April 2019 }}, Business Standard, Somesh Jha (24 January 2019);

The BJP highlighted that the Congress party has relied on Rahul Gandhi for leadership since 2013, its lack of internal party institutions and claimed that whenever Congress has been in power, the freedom of press and Indian government institutions have "taken a severe beating".<ref name="it032020192">[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/honesty-over-dynasty-vikas-over-vote-bank-politics-pm-modi-presents-govts-report-card-asks-citizens-to-vote-wisely-1482365-2019-03-20 Honesty over dynasty, Vikas over vote-bank politics: PM Modi presents govt's report card, slams Congress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419113541/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/honesty-over-dynasty-vikas-over-vote-bank-politics-pm-modi-presents-govts-report-card-asks-citizens-to-vote-wisely-1482365-2019-03-20 |date=19 April 2019 }}, India Today (20 March 2019)</ref><ref>[https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/prime-minister-narendra-modi-rahul-gandhi-congress-dynastic-politics-institutions-casualty-pm-modi-slams-congress-says-indias-institutions-biggest-casualty-of-dynastic-politics/story/329451.html PM Modi slams Congress, says India's institutions biggest casualty of 'dynastic politics'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419113538/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/prime-minister-narendra-modi-rahul-gandhi-congress-dynastic-politics-institutions-casualty-pm-modi-slams-congress-says-indias-institutions-biggest-casualty-of-dynastic-politics/story/329451.html |date=19 April 2019 }}, Business Today (20 March 2019)</ref> During the election campaign, its leaders mentioned the Emergency of 1975, the nepotism, corruption and widespread abuses of human rights under the Congress rule in the past.<ref name="it032020192" /><ref>[https://www.asianage.com/india/politics/200319/indias-institutions-have-been-biggest-casualty-of-dynastic-politics-pm-attacks-cong.html India's institutions biggest casualty of dynasty politics: PM attacks Congress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419113539/https://www.asianage.com/india/politics/200319/indias-institutions-have-been-biggest-casualty-of-dynastic-politics-pm-attacks-cong.html |date=19 April 2019 }}, The Asian Age (20 March 2019)</ref><ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/rahul-priyanka-turned-mahatma-gandhi-s-fear-of-dynasty-politics-into-reality-adityanath-119040800621_1.html Rahul, Priyanka turned Mahatma Gandhi's fear of dynasty politics into reality: Adityanath] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419113541/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/rahul-priyanka-turned-mahatma-gandhi-s-fear-of-dynasty-politics-into-reality-adityanath-119040800621_1.html |date=19 April 2019 }}, Business Standard, ANI (8 April 2019)</ref> Congress-led alliance leader [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] – the son of a former prime minister of India and the former chief minister of Karnataka, countered that "India developed because of dynasty politics", stating that "dynasty politics are not the main issue, rather country's problems are".<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/india-developed-because-of-dynasty-politics-kumaraswamy-counters-bjp/story-77HK1ydSqXtKzkYDB3nY2I.html ‘India developed because of dynasty politics’: Kumaraswamy counters BJP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418070055/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/india-developed-because-of-dynasty-politics-kumaraswamy-counters-bjp/story-77HK1ydSqXtKzkYDB3nY2I.html |date=18 April 2019 }}, The Hindustan Times (18 April 2019)</ref> The Congress alleged hypocrisy by the BJP, claiming that the BJP itself forms alliances with dynasty-based parties such as the [[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]] in Punjab, and that family relatives of senior BJP leaders such as [[Rajnath Singh]] and [[Arun Jaitley]] have been in politics too.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-raking-up-dynasty-politics-to-divert-attention-from-real-issues-congress/articleshow/68551735.cms BJP raking up ‘dynasty politics’ to divert attention from real issues: Congress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404190341/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-raking-up-dynasty-politics-to-divert-attention-from-real-issues-congress/articleshow/68551735.cms |date=4 April 2019 }}, The Times of India (24 March 2019)</ref>

According to an IndiaSpend report published by the BloombergQuint, the smaller and regional parties such as the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, Lok Jan Sakti Party, Shiromani Akali Dal, Biju Janata Dal and Samajwadi Party have higher densities of dynasty-derived candidates and elected representatives in recent years.<ref name="bq032920192">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/elections/bjp-is-no-less-dynastic-than-congress-lok-sabha-data-indicates|title=BJP Is No Less 'Dynastic' Than Congress, Lok Sabha Data Indicates|last1=Sanghera|first1=Tisha|date=2019|publisher=BloombergQuint|agency=BloombergQuint|issue=29 March|access-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426160247/https://www.bloombergquint.com/elections/bjp-is-no-less-dynastic-than-congress-lok-sabha-data-indicates|archive-date=26 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/data-shows-up-india-s-largest-state-elected-most-dynasts-majority-in-bjp-119032900159_1.html Data shows UP, India's largest state, elected most dynasts, majority in BJP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427001219/https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/data-shows-up-india-s-largest-state-elected-most-dynasts-majority-in-bjp-119032900159_1.html |date=27 April 2019 }}, Tish Sanghera, IndiaSpend, Business Standard (7 April 2019)</ref>  While both the Congress and the BJP have also nominated candidates from political dynasties, states the report, the difference between them is that in Congress "top party leadership has been handed down from generation to generation within the same [Nehru Gandhi dynasty] family", while there has been a historic non-dynastic diversity in the top leadership within the BJP. According to the report, while BJP has also nominated candidates from political dynasties, its better public relations operation "can leap to its defence when attacked on the same grounds".<ref name="bq032920192" /> In contrast to the IndiaSpend report, analysis of Kanchan Chandra, a prominent professor of Politics, of the 2004, 2009 and 2014 general elections included a finding that the Congress party has had about twice or more dynastic parliamentarians than the BJP at those elections, and higher than all major political parties in India except the Samajwadi Party.<ref name="Chandra2016p152">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwbFDAAAQBAJ|title=Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics|author=Kanchan Chandra|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-316-59212-0|pages=15–18}}</ref>{{efn|According to Chandra: in 2009 after the persistently dynastic Samajwadi party, the larger Biju Janata Dal ranked next, followed by the Congress party. In 2004 and 2014, Congress ranked second.<ref name="Chandra2016p15"/>}} Many of these dynastic politicians in India who inherit the leadership positions have never held any jobs and lack state or local experience, states Anjali Bohlken – a professor and political science scholar, and this raises concerns of rampant nepotism and appointments of their own friends, relatives and cronies if elected.<ref name=Chandra2016p15>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwbFDAAAQBAJ|title=Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics|author=Anjali Bohlken|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-316-59212-0|editor=Kanchan Chandra|pages=240–247, 44, 114–115 (Adam Ziegfeld Chapter)}}</ref> The BJP has targeted the Congress party in the 2019 elections for alleged nepotism and a family dynasty for leadership.<ref name="it032020192" /><ref name="bq032920192" />

=== Campaign controversies ===

In April 2019, raids conducted by the [[Income Tax Department]] found bundles of unaccounted for cash amounting to {{INRConvert|281|c}}, along with liquor and documentary evidence in premises of people with close connections to Madhya Pradesh chief minister [[Kamal Nath]] of the Congress.  Modi has highlighted this evidence to attack the Congress in its election campaign, alleging corruption is part of Congress party's culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/they-say-chowkidar-chor-hai-but-look-where-money-is-found-pm-modi-jabs-congress-over-it-raids/story-PDfS18geveX5w73oJmQd8N.html|title='They say 'chowkidar chor hai' but look where money is found': PM Modi jabs Congress over IT raids|date=9 April 2019|access-date=9 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409180211/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/they-say-chowkidar-chor-hai-but-look-where-money-is-found-pm-modi-jabs-congress-over-it-raids/story-PDfS18geveX5w73oJmQd8N.html|archive-date=9 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/after-i-t-raids-on-properties-linked-to-kamal-nath-aides-narendra-modi-turns-corruption-into-chief-poll-plank-6416801.html|title=After I-T raids on properties linked to Kamal Nath aides, Narendra Modi turns corruption into chief poll plank|website=Firstpost|access-date=9 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430214900/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/after-i-t-raids-on-properties-linked-to-kamal-nath-aides-narendra-modi-turns-corruption-into-chief-poll-plank-6416801.html|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== EC actions under Article 324====

Election Commission curtailed West Bengal campaigning by one day, after a bust of 19th century Bengali icon [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]] was vandalised during 7th phase poll violence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/west-bengal/ec-invokes-article-324-orders-to-end-campaign-in-west-bengal/articleshow/69345878.cms|title=In an unprecedented action, EC curtails West Bengal campaigning after Kolkata violence|date=15 May 2019|access-date=22 December 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

* 7 April 2019 – [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and [[Samajwadi Party]] began campaigning together as an alliance (''[[Mahagathbandhan (2019)|Mahagathbandhan]]'') along with regional parties such as the [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]].<ref>{{Citation|title=SP-BSP Gathbandhan: How effective is the alliance?|date=12 April 2019|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sp-bsp-gathbandhan-how-effective-is-the-alliance/videoshow/68852110.cms|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> Their first joint campaign started in [[Deoband]] in [[Saharanpur district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-at-first-mahagathbandhan-rally-mayawati-says-bjp-will-lose-due-to-policy-inspired-by-hatred-2737186|title=At first 'Mahagathbandhan' rally, Mayawati says BJP will lose due to policy 'inspired by hatred'|date=7 April 2019|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408143122/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-at-first-mahagathbandhan-rally-mayawati-says-bjp-will-lose-due-to-policy-inspired-by-hatred-2737186|archive-date=8 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/vote-for-change-beware-of-congress-mayawati-akhilesh-727377.html|title=Vote for change, beware of Congress: Mayawati, Akhilesh|date=7 April 2019|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427054311/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/vote-for-change-beware-of-congress-mayawati-akhilesh-727377.html|archive-date=27 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The BJP released its manifesto sub-titled ''Sankalpit Bharat, Sashakt Bharat'' (''lit.'' "Resolute India, Empowered India") on 8 April.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-amit-shah-to-launch-bjp-manifesto-sankalp-patra-today-2019503|title=PM Modi, Amit Shah Launch BJP Manifesto Sankalp Patra|date=8 April 2019|work=NDTV.com|access-date=8 April 2019|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408062308/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-amit-shah-to-launch-bjp-manifesto-sankalp-patra-today-2019503|archive-date=8 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bjpApril820192">{{cite web|url=https://www.bjp.org/en/Manifesto-2019|title=BJP Manifesto 2019|access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> Some of its highlights:<ref name="itApril82019a2" /><ref name="bjpApril820192" /><ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/bjps-sankalp-patra-makes-75-resolutions-for-india/articleshow/68775256.cms BJP manifesto highlights: The 75 promises for India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422004005/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/bjps-sankalp-patra-makes-75-resolutions-for-india/articleshow/68775256.cms |date=22 April 2019 }}, The Economic Times (8 April 2019)</ref>

* [[Aam Aadmi Party]] released its manifesto on 25 April 2019 promising full statehood for [[Delhi]] to give the [[Delhi government]] control over police and other institutions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/aap-releases-party-manifesto-lok-sabha-elections-delhi-top-points-kejriwal-full-statehood-5693863/|title=AAP 2019 manifesto highlights: Upgrades for police and education, subject to full statehood|date=25 April 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427212051/https://indianexpress.com/elections/aap-releases-party-manifesto-lok-sabha-elections-delhi-top-points-kejriwal-full-statehood-5693863/|archive-date=27 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The manifesto promised 85 per cent reservations in the Delhi-based colleges and jobs for the voters of Delhi and their families.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/aap-promises-85-quota-in-colleges-jobs/article26947455.ece AAP promises 85% quota in colleges, jobs], The Hindu (26 April 2019)</ref><ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/85-college-quota-not-possible-in-du-say-experts/story-8LWrHHoNx1yahCgE2l7KcI.html 85% college quota not possible in DU, say experts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150701/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/85-college-quota-not-possible-in-du-say-experts/story-8LWrHHoNx1yahCgE2l7KcI.html |date=6 May 2019 }}, The Hindustan Times (26 April 2019)</ref>

Several organisations offered varying estimates for the cost of the election campaign. The Centre for Media Studies in New Delhi estimated that the election campaign could exceed $7 billion.<ref name="et041420192">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/money-money-money-the-tycoon-factor-in-indias-election/articleshow/68872045.cms|title=Money, money, money: The tycoon factor in India's election|access-date=22 April 2019|newspaper=Economic Times|issue=14 April 2019}}{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> According to the [[Association for Democratic Reforms]] (ADR), an election watchdog, in the financial year 2017–18 BJP received {{INRConvert|4370000000}}, about 12 times more donations than Congress and five other national parties combined.<ref name="et041420192" />

According to Centre for Media Studies, the BJP spent over Rs 280 billion (or 45%) of the Rs 600 billion spent by all political parties during the polls.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cmsindia.org/cms-poll/Poll-Expenditure-the-2019-elections-cms-report.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608095617/http://cmsindia.org/cms-poll/Poll-Expenditure-the-2019-elections-cms-report.pdf |archive-date=8 June 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Congress questions BJP over its poll expenditure <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jun/07/was-it-black-money-congress-questions-bjps-rs-28000-crore-poll-expenditure-1987218.html|title=Was it black money? Congress questions BJP's Rs 28,000 crore poll expenditure|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608095611/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jun/07/was-it-black-money-congress-questions-bjps-rs-28000-crore-poll-expenditure-1987218.html|archive-date=8 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{main|National Democratic Alliance|United Progressive Alliance|Mahagathbandhan (2019)|Left Front (West Bengal)|Federal Front}}

There were five main national pre-poll alliances. They are the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) headed by the BJP, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) headed by the INC, Mahagathbandhan (or Grand Alliance), or MGB, Federal Front headed by  All India Trinamool Congress, and the left front of Communist-leaning parties. Given the volatile nature of coalition politics in India, alliances may change during and after the election.

=== Candidates ===

{{main| List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election| List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election|List of Left Front candidates in the 2019 Indian general election}}

About 40% of the candidates fielded by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party had a criminal case against them. Key opposition party Congress was not far behind with 39% of the candidates with criminal charges, according to Association of Democratic Reforms analysis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/in-2019-general-elections-no-bar-on-candidates-charged-with-murder-or-rape/articleshow/69318220.cms?from=mdr|title=In 2019 general elections, no bar on candidates charged with murder or rape|date=14 May 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

| rowspan="9" bgcolor="{{Aam Aadmi Party/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{All Jharkhand Students Union/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="7" bgcolor="{{All India Trinamool Congress/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{All India United Democratic Front/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Apna Dal (Sonelal)/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="36" bgcolor="{{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="36" bgcolor="{{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Biju Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="20" bgcolor="{{Communist Party of India/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="18" bgcolor="{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="36" bgcolor="{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="36" bgcolor="{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{Indian Union Muslim League/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Jammu & Kashmir National Conference/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{Janata Dal (Secular)/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="7" bgcolor="{{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{Jharkhand Mukti Morcha/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Kerala Congress (Mani)/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Lok Jan Shakti Party/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Mizo National Front/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Naga People's Front/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{National People's Party (India)/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="8" bgcolor="{{Nationalist Congress Party/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Rashtriya Loktantrik Party/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{Revolutionary Socialist Party/meta/color}} " |

| rowspan="8" bgcolor="{{Samajwadi Party/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Shiromani Akali Dal/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="13" bgcolor="{{Shiv Sena/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Sikkim Krantikari Morcha/meta/color}} |

| bgcolor="{{Telangana Rashtra Samithi/meta/color}}" |

| bgcolor="{{Telugu Desam Party/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi/meta/color}} " |

| bgcolor="{{YSR Congress Party/meta/color}}" |

| rowspan="10" |[[Ambedkar National Congress]]

|[[National Development Party (India)|National Development Party]]

|[[Pravasi Nivasi Party]]

| rowspan="8" |[[Pyramid Party of India|Pyramid Party Of India]]

|Rashtriya Indepndent Morcha

| rowspan="8" |Right To Recall Party

|[[Uttama Prajakeeya Party|Uttama Prajaakeeya Party]]

According to the ECI, 900 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 84.3 million voters since the last election in 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/the-three-pillars-of-elections/article26704196.ece|title=The three pillars of elections|last=Sinha|first=Shishir|website=@businessline|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915092658/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/the-three-pillars-of-elections/article26704196.ece|archive-date=15 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/lok-sabha-2019-90-crore-voters-10-lakh-polling-stations-statistics|title=LS Polls 2019 in Numbers: Key Voter Stats You Should Know|date=10 March 2019|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402175019/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/lok-sabha-2019-90-crore-voters-10-lakh-polling-stations-statistics|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> making it the largest-ever election in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/great-indian-elections-1951-2019-the-story-of-how-90-crore-voters-make-and-break-history-2062747.html|title=Great Indian Elections 1951–2019: The Story of How 90 Crore Voters Make and Break History|website=News18|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402174902/https://www.news18.com/news/india/great-indian-elections-1951-2019-the-story-of-how-90-crore-voters-make-and-break-history-2062747.html|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> 15 million voters aged 18–19 years became eligible to vote for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1569796/election-commission-to-certify-google-twitter-lok-sabha-poll-ads/|title=15 million teenagers and 38,000 transgender people: How India's 2019 elections are different|last1=Singh|first1=Kuwar|website=Quartz India|access-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522161657/https://qz.com/india/1569796/election-commission-to-certify-google-twitter-lok-sabha-poll-ads/|archive-date=22 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/news/lok-sabha-2019-more-than-90-crore-voters-register-to-vote/articleshow/68620296.cms|title=Lok Sabha 2019: More than 90 crore voters register to vote – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405012942/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/news/lok-sabha-2019-more-than-90-crore-voters-register-to-vote/articleshow/68620296.cms|archive-date=5 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> 468 million eligible voters were males, 432 million were females and 38325 identified themselves belonging to third gender. Total 71,735 overseas voters also enrolled.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"

| Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) ||318,471 || 207,398 || 65.12%|| 1

| Andhra Pradesh || 39,405,967 || 31,674,526 || 80.38% || 25

| Assam || 22,050,059 || 17,992,753 ||81.60% || 14

| Bihar || 71,216,290 || 40,830,453 || 57.33% || 40

| Chandigarh (UT) ||646,729 ||456,637 || 70.61% || 1

| Haryana || 18,057,010 || 12,701,029 || 70.34% || 10

| Manipur || 1,959,563 || 1,620,451 || 82.69% || 2

| NCT OF Delhi || 14,327,649 || 8,682,366 || 60.60% || 7

| Rajasthan || 48,95,5813 || 32,47,6481 ||  66.34% || 25

| Tamil Nadu || 59,941,832||43,419,753 || 72.44% || 39

| Uttar Pradesh ||146,134,603 || 86,531,972 || 59.21% || 80

| Uttarakhand ||7,856,318 ||4,861,415  || 61.88% ||  5

| West Bengal ||70,001,284 || 57,230,018|| 81.76% ||  42

|-

| '''India''' ||'''911,950,734''' || '''614,684,398'''||'''67.40%''' || '''543'''

==Surveys and polls==

|value1=55.80|label1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color1={{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}

|value2=9.57|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|color2={{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}

|value3=4.41|label3=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]|color3={{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}

|value4=4.05|label4=[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]|color4={{All India Trinamool Congress/meta/color}}

|value5=4.05|label5=[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]|color5={{YSR Congress Party/meta/color}}

|value6=3.31|label6=[[Shiv Sena|SS]]|color6={{Shiv Sena/meta/color}}

|value7=2.95|label7=[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]|color7={{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}

|value8=2.21|label8=[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]|color8={{Biju Janata Dal/meta/color}}

|value9=1.84|label9=[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]|color9={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}

|value10=1.66|label10=[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]|color10={{Telangana Rashtra Samithi/meta/color}}

|value1=37.36|label1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color1={{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}

|value2=19.49|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|color2={{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}

|value3=4.07|label3=[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]|color3={{All India Trinamool Congress/meta/color}}

|value4=3.63|label4=[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]|color4={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}

|value5=2.55|label5=[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]|color5={{Samajwadi Party/meta/color}}

|value6=2.53|label6=[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]|color6={{YSR Congress Party/meta/color}}

|value7=2.26|label7=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]|color7={{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}

|value8=2.10|label8=[[Shiv Sena|SS]]|color8={{Shiv Sena/meta/color}}

|value9=2.04|label9=[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]|color9={{Telugu Desam Party/meta/color}}

|value10=1.75|label10=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|color10={{Communist Party of India (Marxist)/meta/color}}

<onlyinclude>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:right"

!colspan=4|Party/alliance

|-

|rowspan=13 bgcolor={{National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color}}|

|rowspan=13 align=left|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National<br/>Democratic<br/>Alliance]]<ref name="indiatoday-alliance">{{cite web |title=Lok Sabha Election 2019 - Party Alliance Details, General Elections |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/party-alliance-details |website=India Today |access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref>

|bgcolor={{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||229,076,879||37.36||303||{{increase}}21

|-

|bgcolor={{Shiv Sena/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Shiv Sena]]||12,858,904||2.10||18||{{Nochange}}

|-

|bgcolor={{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Janata Dal (United)]]||8,926,679||1.46||16||{{increase}} 14

|bgcolor={{All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]||7,830,146||1.28||1||{{decrease}} 36

|bgcolor={{Shiromani Akali Dal/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||3,778,574||0.62||2||{{decrease}} 2

|-

|bgcolor={{Lok Jan Shakti Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Lok Jan Shakti Party]]||3,206,979||0.52||6||{{Nochange}}

|-

|bgcolor={{Apna Dal (Sonelal)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]||1,039,478||0.17||2||{{Nochange}}

|-

|bgcolor=#FFFF00| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]||660,051||0.11||1||{{increase}} 1

|-

|bgcolor={{All Jharkhand Students Union/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[All Jharkhand Students Union]]||648,277||0.11||1||{{increase}} 1

|-

|bgcolor={{Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]||500,510||0.08||1||{{increase}} 1

|-

|bgcolor={{National People's Party (India)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]||425,986||0.07||1||{{Nochange}}

|bgcolor={{Mizo National Front/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Mizo National Front]]||224,286||0.04||1||{{increase}} 1

|-

|bgcolor={{National Democratic Alliance (India)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|''Total''||''261,354,433''||''42.58''||''353''||{{increase}} 17

|-

|rowspan=11 bgcolor={{United Progressive Alliance/meta/color}}|  

|rowspan=11 align=left|[[United Progressive Alliance|United<br/>Progressive<br/>Alliance]]<ref name=indiatoday-alliance />

|bgcolor={{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Indian National Congress]]||119,495,214||19.49||52||{{increase}} 8

|bgcolor={{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]{{efn|name=DMK|The [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] gained an additional seat after a by-election for the [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore constituency]].}}||13,877,992||2.26||23<!--See note. Vote/seat totals are for 542 seats elected on election day only-->||{{increase}} 23

|-

|bgcolor={{Nationalist Congress Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]{{efn|Contested the seat of [[Lakshadweep (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakshadweep]] without pre-poll seat sharing}}||8,500,331||1.39||5||{{decrease}} 1

|

|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]||6,632,247||1.08||0||

|-

|bgcolor={{Janata Dal (Secular)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]||3,457,107||0.56||1||{{decrease}} 1

|bgcolor={{Jharkhand Mukti Morcha/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]||1,901,976||0.31||1||{{decrease}} 1

|-

|bgcolor={{Indian Union Muslim League/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]||1,592,467||0.26||3||{{increase}} 1

|-

|bgcolor={{Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]||709,685||0.12||1||{{Nochange}}

|-

|bgcolor=((Kerala Congress (Mani)/meta/color))| ||align=left|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]||421,046||0.07||1||{{Nochange}}

|-

|bgcolor={{Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]||507,643||0.08||1||{{increase}} 1

|-

|bgcolor={{United Progressive Alliance/meta/color}}| ||align=left|''Total''{{efn|name=DMK}}||''157,095,708''||''25.60''||''91''||{{increase}} 31

|-

| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#0f0" | || rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Federal Front]]||bgcolor={{All India Trinamool Congress/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]||24,929,330||4.07||22||{{decrease}} 12

|-

|bgcolor={{Aam Aadmi Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]||2,716,629||0.44||1||{{decrease}} 3

|-

| rowspan="3" bgcolor="#00f" | || rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Mahagathbandhan (2019)|Mahagathbandhan]]|| bgcolor="{{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}" | || align="left" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||22,246,501||3.63||10||{{increase}} 10

|-

|bgcolor={{Rashtriya Lok Dal/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]||1,447,363||0.24||0||

|-

|bgcolor={{Samajwadi Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Samajwadi Party]]||15,647,206||2.55||5||{{Nochange}}

|-

|rowspan=2 bgcolor=#f00| ||rowspan=2 align=left|Left Front||bgcolor={{Communist Party of India (Marxist)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||10,744,908||1.75||3||{{decrease}} 6

|align=left colspan=8|Source: [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10991-2-highlights/ ECI] (totals) [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10929-33constituency-wise-detailed-result/ ECI] (votes), [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10955-20-performance-of-national-parties/ ECI], [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10953-21performance-of-state-parties/ ECI], [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10951-22performance-of-registered-unrecognised-parties/ ECI] (seats)

|}

</onlyinclude>

* [[Anant Geete]] – [[Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises|Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises]] ([[Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigad]]) Shiv Sena<ref>{{cite news |title=Sinha, Ahir, Puri among 6 Modi ministers who lost polls |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sinha-ahir-puri-among-6-modi-ministers-who-lost-polls-119052500920_1.html |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=25 May 2019}}</ref>

* [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] ([[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD-S]])- [[Prime Minister of India]] from 1996 - 1997 lost from [[Tumkur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tumkur]] of [[Karnataka]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheila Dikshit to Digvijaya Singh: Meet 13 ex-chief ministers who lost in Elections 2019 |url=https://www.mynation.com/india-news/from-sheila-dikshit-to-digvijaya-singh-meet-these-13-chief-ministers-who-lost-lok-sabha-elections-ps0jre |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=My Nation |date=24 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Sheila Dikshit]] - [[Delhi]] ([[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North East Delhi]]) INC<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Krishnanand |title=Nine former Congress chief ministers lose Lok Sabha election in second Modi wave |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2019-results-nine-former-congress-chief-ministers-lose-lok-sabha-election-in-second-modi-2-0-wave/1587533/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=The Financial Express |date=23 May 2019}}</ref>

* [[Sushil Kumar Shinde]] - [[Maharashtra]] ([[Solapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Solapur]]) INC<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Seven Former Congress Chief Ministers Lose Polls, Two Trailing |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/elections-2019-results-seven-former-congress-chief-ministers-lose-polls-two-trailing-2042225 |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=NDTV |date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

* [[Ashok Chavan]] - [[Maharashtra]] ([[Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nanded]]) INC<ref>{{cite news |last1=ANI |title=Nine former Congress chief ministers lose this election |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/230519/nine-former-congress-chief-ministers-lose-this-election.html |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=23 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Indian National Congress party leaders such as [[Rahul Gandhi]] and others conceded defeat and congratulated Modi and his party.<ref name="PM Modi 2019">[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/video/rahul-gandhi,Mamata Banerjee, M.K. Stalin,Ashok Gehlot, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, Mayawati, Akhilesh Yadav, Mulayam Yadav -concedes-defeat-congratulates-pm-modi-smriti-irani-1532940-2019-05-23 Rahul Gandhi concedes defeat, congratulates PM Modi, Smriti Irani], India Today (23 May 2019)</ref> Other opposition parties and political leaders such as [[Sharad Pawar]],<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/election-result-2019-sharad-pawar-says-wont-blame-voting-machines-2041991 | title="Doubts Were Raised but Won't Blame EVMs": Sharad Pawar on Poll Result | access-date=3 June 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603041442/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/election-result-2019-sharad-pawar-says-wont-blame-voting-machines-2041991 | archive-date=3 June 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mamata Banerjee]] and [[Omar Abdullah]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/lok-sabha-election-results-omar-mamata-congratulate-modi-historic-win-1533379-2019-05-24|title=Lok Sabha Election Results: Omar was first, Mamata second to congratulate PM Modi for historic win|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603131409/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/lok-sabha-election-results-omar-mamata-congratulate-modi-historic-win-1533379-2019-05-24|archive-date=3 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> congratulated PM Modi and BJP for their victory.

On 20 November 2019 the [[Association for Democratic Reforms]] filed a petition with the [[Supreme Court of India]] over alleged ballot-counting discrepancies in the Lok Sabha voting and seeking a probe by the ECI.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Karan |title=PIL In SC Seeks ECI Action On Reports Of EVM Voter Data Discrepancies [Read Petition] |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/pil-in-sc-seeks-eci-action-on-reports-of-electronic-voting-machine-data-discrepancies-149979 |access-date=25 November 2019 |work=LiveLaw.in |date=20 November 2019}}</ref>

The leaders of [[Afghanistan]], [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Austria]], [[Bahrain]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Botswana]], [[Brazil]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Burundi]], [[Canada]], [[China]], [[Comoros]], [[Cyprus]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Estonia]], [[France]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Germany]], [[Ghana]], [[Iceland]], [[Indonesia]], [[Iran]], [[Israel]], [[Italy]], [[Jamaica]], [[Japan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kenya]], [[Kuwait]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] [[Latvia]], [[Lesotho]], [[Liechtenstein|Lichtenstein]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Madagascar]], [[Malaysia]], [[Maldives]], [[Malta]], [[Mexico]], [[Mongolia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Namibia]], [[Nepal]], [[Netherlands]], [[Nicaragua]], [[North Korea]], [[Nigeria]], [[New Zealand]], [[Oman]], [[Pakistan]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], [[Portugal]], [[Qatar]], [[Russia]], [[Rwanda]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Senegal]], [[Seychelles]], [[Singapore]], [[South Africa]], [[South Korea]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[St. Vincent and the Grenadines]], [[Switzerland]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Thailand]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uganda]], [[Ukraine]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Venezuela]], [[Vietnam]], [[Zambia]], and [[Zimbabwe]] congratulated [[Narendra Modi]] and the [[BJP]] on their victory.<ref>*Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and United Arab Emirates: [https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/election-results-world-leaders-congratulate-narendra-modi-on-his-landslide-victory-1.1558612196940 Election results: World leaders congratulate Narendra Modi on his landslide victory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524003022/https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/election-results-world-leaders-congratulate-narendra-modi-on-his-landslide-victory-1.1558612196940 |date=24 May 2019 }}, Gulf News (23 May 2019)

*Bahrain: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/bna_en/status/1132388447430336512|title=Bahrain News Agency "@bna_en"|date=26 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Bhutan: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/PMBhutan/status/1131498760444399616|title=PM Bhutan "@PMBhutan"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Botswana: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1133731449616474113|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=29 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Bulgaria: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1133318664227311616|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=28 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Burundi: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/pnkurunziza/status/1131571065392644097|title=Pierre Nkurunziza "@pnkurunziza"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*China, Japan, Pakistan, Russia: [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/xi-putin-and-netanyahu-among-first-to-congratulate-modi-on-election-victory/articleshow/69465396.cms Xi, Putin and Netanyahu among first to congratulate Modi on election victory], The Economic Times (23 May 2019)

*Comoros: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/Azali_officiel/status/1133661681211592704|title=Azali Assoumani "@Azali_officiel"|date=29 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Cyprus: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/AnastasiadesCY/status/1131509106622312448|title=Nicos Anastasiades "@AnastasiadesCY"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Czech Republic: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/AndrejBabis/status/1131493202224140288|title=Andrej Babiš "@AndrejBabis"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Estonia: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/ratasjuri/status/1131676210621243392|title=Jüri Ratas "@ratasjuri"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Georgia: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1132177586308694016|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=25 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Ghana: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/NAkufoAddo/status/1131541159946399744|title=Nana Akufo-Addo "@NAkufoAddo"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Iceland: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1132146026117238784|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=25 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Indonesia: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/jokowi/status/1131765490244902912|title=Joko Widodo "@jokowi"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Jamaica: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/AndrewHolnessJM/status/1131610111577874433|title=Andrew Holness "@AndrewHolnessJM"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Latvia: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/krisjaniskarins/status/1131784521865736194|title=Krišjānis Kariņš "@krisjaniskarins"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Lesotho: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1133665696557277184|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=29 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Luxembourg: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1132259445629628416|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=25 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Madagascar: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/SE_Rajoelina/status/1131657454968856576|title=Andry Rajoelina "@SE_Rajoelina"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Maldives: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MohamedNasheed/status/1131506360615485440|title=Mohamed Nasheed "@MohamedNasheed"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Mexico: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1132044324190003201|title=SRE México "@SRE_mx"|date=25 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Mongolia: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1132993212874932224|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=27 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Myanmar: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1131862377509658625|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Namibia: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/hagegeingob/status/1131588821160726529|title=Hage Geingob "@hagegeingob"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Netherlands: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MinPres/status/1131938574415351816|title=Mark Rutte "@MinPres"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Nicaragua: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1131802549181399042|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Nigeria: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/NGRPresident/status/1131652274361651201|title=Presidency Nigeria "@NGRPresident"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*North Korea: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1132978735576211460|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=27 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Oman: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1132588896724721664|title=Raveesh Kumar"@MEAIndia"|date=26 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Palestine: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/ROIRamallah/status/1131670575095656450|title=India in Palestine "@ROIRamallah"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Qatar: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/QNAEnglish/status/1132398401574907906|title=Qatar News Agency "@QNAEnglish"|date=26 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Rwanda: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/PaulKagame/status/1131605740685275141|title=Paul Kagame "@PaulKagame"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Senegal: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/Macky_Sall/status/1131871342377295873|title=Macky Sall "@Macky_Sall"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Seychelles: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/hci_seychelles/status/1131854089103564800|title=India in Seychelles "@hci_seychelles"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*South Korea: {{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/moonriver365/status/1131812472283729920|title=@moonriver365|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*St. Vincent and the Grenadines: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/ComradeRalph/status/1131882064779915266|title=Ralph Gonsalves "@ComradeRalph"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Switzerland: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1133426647988936705|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=28 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Tajikistan: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1131905621245218816|title=Raveesh Kumar@MEAIndia|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Thailand: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/IndiainThailand/status/1131876148143509504|title=India in Thailand "@IndiainThailand"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Uganda: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/KagutaMuseveni/status/1131871961452298240|title=Kaguta Museveni "@KagutaMuseveni"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Ukraine: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1131928496949694464|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=24 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Venezuela: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1132193034278510592|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=25 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Vietnam: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1131522353966538754|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Zambia: {{cite web|url=https://www.twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1133397407067197441|title=Raveesh Kumar "@MEAIndia"|date=28 May 2019|website=Twitter}}

*Zimbabwe: {{cite web|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/edmnangagwa/status/1131541818422812672|title=Emmerson Mnangagwa "@edmnangagwa"|date=23 May 2019|website=Twitter}}</ref>

=== Impact ===

*{{Commons category-inline|2019 Indian general election}}

[[Category:2019 elections in India]]

[[Category:April 2019 events in India]]

[[Category:May 2019 events in India]]