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{{short description|Series of armed skirmishes between India and Pakistan in Kashmir}} | {{short description|Series of armed skirmishes between India and Pakistan in Kashmir}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=November | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February | {{EngvarB|date=November 2020}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | |||
{{infobox military conflict | {{infobox military conflict | ||
| conflict = 2019 India–Pakistan skirmishes | | conflict = 2019 India–Pakistan skirmishes | ||
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|date=27 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227172333/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/pakistan-says-it-has-shot-down-two-indian-jets-in-its-airspace/2019/02/27/054461a2-3a5b-11e9-a2cd-307b06d0257b_story.html |archive-date=27 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | |date=27 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227172333/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/pakistan-says-it-has-shot-down-two-indian-jets-in-its-airspace/2019/02/27/054461a2-3a5b-11e9-a2cd-307b06d0257b_story.html |archive-date=27 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | ||
The [[2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes|second airstrike]], a retaliatory one by Pakistan,<ref>{{citation|title=India and Pakistan engage in a high-stakes game of brinkmanship|author=Amy Kazmin|journal=Financial Times|date=1 March 2019|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3705ee32-3c17-11e9-b856-5404d3811663|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330194456/https://www.ft.com/content/3705ee32-3c17-11e9-b856-5404d3811663|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} Quote: "A day after India’s strike, Pakistan retaliated, sending planes to attack military installations in India."</ref> was conducted in the daytime on February 27, inside Indian-administered Kashmir. A [[dogfight]] between Indian and Pakistani fighter jets during this airstrike resulted in the downing of an Indian [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21 Bison]] by the [[Pakistan Air Force]], following which its pilot, [[Wing commander|Wing Commander]] [[Abhinandan Varthaman]], was taken prisoner by the Pakistani military before being returned to India on March 1.<ref name=slater-constable>{{citation|title=Pakistan captures Indian pilot after shooting down aircraft, escalating hostilities|author1=Joanna Slater |author2=Pamela Constable|journal=Washington Post|date=27 February | The [[2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes|second airstrike]], a retaliatory one by Pakistan,<ref>{{citation|title=India and Pakistan engage in a high-stakes game of brinkmanship|author=Amy Kazmin|journal=Financial Times|date=1 March 2019|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3705ee32-3c17-11e9-b856-5404d3811663|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330194456/https://www.ft.com/content/3705ee32-3c17-11e9-b856-5404d3811663|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} Quote: "A day after India’s strike, Pakistan retaliated, sending planes to attack military installations in India."</ref> was conducted in the daytime on February 27, inside Indian-administered Kashmir. A [[dogfight]] between Indian and Pakistani fighter jets during this airstrike resulted in the downing of an Indian [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21 Bison]] by the [[Pakistan Air Force]], following which its pilot, [[Wing commander|Wing Commander]] [[Abhinandan Varthaman]], was taken prisoner by the Pakistani military before being returned to India on March 1.<ref name=slater-constable>{{citation|title=Pakistan captures Indian pilot after shooting down aircraft, escalating hostilities|author1=Joanna Slater |author2=Pamela Constable|journal=Washington Post|date=27 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Deadly Shelling Erupts in Kashmir Between India and Pakistan After Pilot Is Freed|author1=Jeffrey Gettleman|author2=Hari Kumar|author3=Samir Yasir|journal=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/02/world/asia/kashmir-shelling-india-pakistan.html|date=2 March 2019|access-date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042824/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/02/world/asia/kashmir-shelling-india-pakistan.html|archive-date=6 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author1=Joanna Slater|title=Pakistan captures Indian pilot after shooting down aircraft, escalating hostilities|date=27 February 2019|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/pakistan-says-indian-fighter-jets-crossed-into-its-territory-and-carried-out-limited-airstrike/2019/02/25/901f3000-3979-11e9-a06c-3ec8ed509d15_story.html|journal=Washington Post|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315093125/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/pakistan-says-indian-fighter-jets-crossed-into-its-territory-and-carried-out-limited-airstrike/2019/02/25/901f3000-3979-11e9-a06c-3ec8ed509d15_story.html|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=15 March 2019|author2=Pamela Constable|url-status=live}} Quote: The two days of tit-for-tat airstrikes ... the first since 1971, were triggered by a Feb. 14 terrorist bombing in Indian-controlled Kashmir that killed 40 Indian security personnel."</ref> An Indian Mi-17 helicopter was brought down by [[friendly fire]] in which all six airmen on board were killed; this was acknowledged by India on 4 October 2019.<ref name="defense-post" /> | ||
Aftermath analysis of open-source [[satellite imagery]] by the American [[Atlantic Council]]'s Digital Forensics Laboratory,<ref name=Atlantic-Countil-DFL> | Aftermath analysis of open-source [[satellite imagery]] by the American [[Atlantic Council]]'s Digital Forensics Laboratory,<ref name=Atlantic-Countil-DFL> | ||
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India and Pakistan have long been at odds with each other, having engaged in several wars, conflicts, and military standoffs. The roots of the continued tension are complex, but have centred mainly around the erstwhile princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. After the 1947 [[Partition of India]], the newly formed independent states of Pakistan and India squabbled over it, which led to the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]] and a subsequent sharing of the state. The settlement was non-agreeable to both the parties and since then, this had become an ongoing intractable issue leading to a [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|war in 1965]]. The nations also partook in another war in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971]] which led to the formation of Bangladesh. Both countries developed nuclear weapons in the 1990s and this had a sobering effect on the next major conflict {{En dash}} the [[Kargil War|1999 Kargil War]].<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399992/A-brief-history-of-the-Kashmir-conflict.html|title= A brief history of the Kashmir conflict|journal= Daily Telegraph|date= 2001-09-24|access-date= 2019-03-02|language= en-GB|issn= 0307-1235|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190108075331/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399992/A-brief-history-of-the-Kashmir-conflict.html|archive-date= 8 January 2019|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> | India and Pakistan have long been at odds with each other, having engaged in several wars, conflicts, and military standoffs. The roots of the continued tension are complex, but have centred mainly around the erstwhile princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. After the 1947 [[Partition of India]], the newly formed independent states of Pakistan and India squabbled over it, which led to the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]] and a subsequent sharing of the state. The settlement was non-agreeable to both the parties and since then, this had become an ongoing intractable issue leading to a [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|war in 1965]]. The nations also partook in another war in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971]] which led to the formation of Bangladesh. Both countries developed nuclear weapons in the 1990s and this had a sobering effect on the next major conflict {{En dash}} the [[Kargil War|1999 Kargil War]].<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399992/A-brief-history-of-the-Kashmir-conflict.html|title= A brief history of the Kashmir conflict|journal= Daily Telegraph|date= 2001-09-24|access-date= 2019-03-02|language= en-GB|issn= 0307-1235|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190108075331/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399992/A-brief-history-of-the-Kashmir-conflict.html|archive-date= 8 January 2019|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
As of now, the [[Line of Control]] demarcates the areas of administration: Pakistan administers the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|territory to the northwest]] of the line; India administers the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|territory to the southeast]].<ref name="nytimes0305">{{Cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/asia/india-pakistan-crisis.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/asia/india-pakistan-crisis.html|title= Why Do India and Pakistan Keep Fighting Over Kashmir?|last= Goel|first= Vindu|date= 2019-02-27|work= The New York Times|access-date= 2019-03-05|language= en-US|issn= 0362-4331}}</ref> Since 1989, a [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|militant-fueled insurgency]] has raged in Indian-administered Kashmir, driven by a desire for either independence or union with Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|title= Why India and Pakistan dispute Kashmir|date= 2019-02-27|access-date= 2019-03-06|language= en-GB|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181224045738/https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|archive-date= 24 December 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/6.stm|title= BBC NEWS|website= news.bbc.co.uk|access-date= 2019-03-06|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181118091301/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/6.stm|archive-date= 18 November 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[http://ucdp.uu.se/#conflict/364 Conflict Encyclopedia – India: Kashmir] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001172908/http://ucdp.uu.se/|date=1 October | As of now, the [[Line of Control]] demarcates the areas of administration: Pakistan administers the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|territory to the northwest]] of the line; India administers the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|territory to the southeast]].<ref name="nytimes0305">{{Cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/asia/india-pakistan-crisis.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/asia/india-pakistan-crisis.html|title= Why Do India and Pakistan Keep Fighting Over Kashmir?|last= Goel|first= Vindu|date= 2019-02-27|work= The New York Times|access-date= 2019-03-05|language= en-US|issn= 0362-4331}}</ref> Since 1989, a [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|militant-fueled insurgency]] has raged in Indian-administered Kashmir, driven by a desire for either independence or union with Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|title= Why India and Pakistan dispute Kashmir|date= 2019-02-27|access-date= 2019-03-06|language= en-GB|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181224045738/https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|archive-date= 24 December 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/6.stm|title= BBC NEWS|website= news.bbc.co.uk|access-date= 2019-03-06|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181118091301/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/6.stm|archive-date= 18 November 2018|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[http://ucdp.uu.se/#conflict/364 Conflict Encyclopedia – India: Kashmir] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001172908/http://ucdp.uu.se/|date=1 October 2017}}, [[Uppsala Conflict Data Program]], 29 May 1977, retrieved 2013-05-29,</ref> The [[United Nations]] has stated Pakistan was providing material support to the militants<ref>{{citation|author1=Joanna Slater|title=Modi vows action after dozens die in deadliest attack in Indian-held Kashmir in 3 decades|date=February 15, 2019|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-modi-promises-retaliation-after-worst-attack-in-kashmir-in-three-decades-kills-dozens/2019/02/15/f5dd55d6-309e-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html|journal=Washington Post|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217015242/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-modi-promises-retaliation-after-worst-attack-in-kashmir-in-three-decades-kills-dozens/2019/02/15/f5dd55d6-309e-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html|access-date=4 April 2019|archive-date=17 February 2019|author2=Niha Masih|url-status=live}} Quote: "India and the United States accuse Pakistan of supporting and sheltering militants who launch attacks into Indian-held territory, something Pakistan denies."</ref> and stated India was committing human rights violations.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/why-the-kashmir-conflict-is-not-just-an-india-pakistan-border-dispute Why the Kashmir conflict is not just an India-Pakistan border dispute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305231154/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/why-the-kashmir-conflict-is-not-just-an-india-pakistan-border-dispute |date=5 March 2019 }}, ''[[PBS]]'', March 9, 2019.</ref> | ||
The standoff occurred ahead of the [[2019 Indian general election]].<ref>[http://time.com/5538756/india-pakistan-kashmir-tensions-airstrikes/ Tensions Between India and Pakistan Are at Their Highest Point in Decades. Here's What to Know] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228031451/http://time.com/5538756/india-pakistan-kashmir-tensions-airstrikes/ |date=28 February 2019 }}, ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]''.</ref><ref name=Kumar>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/26/india/india-pakistan-kashmir-analysis-intl/index.html|title=Why being seen as tough on Pakistan helps India's Modi|first=Nikhil|last=Kumar|website=[[CNN]]|access-date=26 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226183258/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/26/india/india-pakistan-kashmir-analysis-intl/index.html|archive-date=26 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> After the Pulwama attack, Pakistan's PM attributed Indian government's desire to retaliate against Pakistan to the upcoming election.<ref name=bbc/><ref> | The standoff occurred ahead of the [[2019 Indian general election]].<ref>[http://time.com/5538756/india-pakistan-kashmir-tensions-airstrikes/ Tensions Between India and Pakistan Are at Their Highest Point in Decades. Here's What to Know] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228031451/http://time.com/5538756/india-pakistan-kashmir-tensions-airstrikes/ |date=28 February 2019 }}, ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]''.</ref><ref name=Kumar>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/26/india/india-pakistan-kashmir-analysis-intl/index.html|title=Why being seen as tough on Pakistan helps India's Modi|first=Nikhil|last=Kumar|website=[[CNN]]|access-date=26 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226183258/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/26/india/india-pakistan-kashmir-analysis-intl/index.html|archive-date=26 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> After the Pulwama attack, Pakistan's PM attributed Indian government's desire to retaliate against Pakistan to the upcoming election.<ref name=bbc/><ref> | ||
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Pakistani officials acknowledged the intrusion of Indian aircraft into the country's airspace but rejected the statements about the results. They stated that the Indian jets were intercepted and that the payloads were dropped in unpopulated areas and resulted in no casualties or infrastructural damage.<ref name="BBC26Feb">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47366718|title=Indian strikes target militants in Pakistan|date=26 February 2019|access-date=27 February 2019|via=bbc.com|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226193007/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47366718|archive-date=26 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Pervez Khattak]], the Pakistani Defence Minister, stated that the Pakistani Air Force did not retaliate at that time because "they could not gauge the extent of the damage".<ref name="Anderson2019">{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Claire |title=Pakistan defence minister mocked after saying it was 'Too Dark' for airstrike retaliation |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1092994/pakistan-india-airstrike-latest-news-Kashmir-terror-attack-nuclear |publisher=[[Daily Express]] |access-date=28 February 2019 |language=en |date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065741/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1092994/pakistan-india-airstrike-latest-news-Kashmir-terror-attack-nuclear |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | Pakistani officials acknowledged the intrusion of Indian aircraft into the country's airspace but rejected the statements about the results. They stated that the Indian jets were intercepted and that the payloads were dropped in unpopulated areas and resulted in no casualties or infrastructural damage.<ref name="BBC26Feb">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47366718|title=Indian strikes target militants in Pakistan|date=26 February 2019|access-date=27 February 2019|via=bbc.com|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226193007/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47366718|archive-date=26 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Pervez Khattak]], the Pakistani Defence Minister, stated that the Pakistani Air Force did not retaliate at that time because "they could not gauge the extent of the damage".<ref name="Anderson2019">{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Claire |title=Pakistan defence minister mocked after saying it was 'Too Dark' for airstrike retaliation |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1092994/pakistan-india-airstrike-latest-news-Kashmir-terror-attack-nuclear |publisher=[[Daily Express]] |access-date=28 February 2019 |language=en |date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065741/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1092994/pakistan-india-airstrike-latest-news-Kashmir-terror-attack-nuclear |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | ||
''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today India]]'' stated that the area around Balakot had been cordoned off by the Pakistan Army and evidences such as the dead bodies were being cleared from the area.<ref name="BT_26_feb">{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pakistan-trying-to-hide-dead-body-of-terrorists-in-balakot-tries-to-debunk-india-claims-source/story/322532.html|title=Pakistan trying to hide dead bodies of terrorists in Balakot, debunks India's claims: Source|date=26 February 2019|work=businesstoday.in|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301080433/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pakistan-trying-to-hide-dead-body-of-terrorists-in-balakot-tries-to-debunk-india-claims-source/story/322532.html|archive-date=1 March | ''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today India]]'' stated that the area around Balakot had been cordoned off by the Pakistan Army and evidences such as the dead bodies were being cleared from the area.<ref name="BT_26_feb">{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pakistan-trying-to-hide-dead-body-of-terrorists-in-balakot-tries-to-debunk-india-claims-source/story/322532.html|title=Pakistan trying to hide dead bodies of terrorists in Balakot, debunks India's claims: Source|date=26 February 2019|work=businesstoday.in|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301080433/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pakistan-trying-to-hide-dead-body-of-terrorists-in-balakot-tries-to-debunk-india-claims-source/story/322532.html|archive-date=1 March 2019}}</ref> [[Praveen Swami]] writing for [[Firstpost]] said that Indian intelligence estimated a figure of about 20 casualties and that there were five confirmed kills per burial records.<ref name="firstpost0302">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/property-records-nail-pakistani-lie-on-jaish-e-mohammed-hq-in-bahawalpur-finds-firstpost-investigation-6177441.html|title=Property records nail Pakistani lie on Jaish-e-Mohammed HQ in Bahawalpur, finds Firstpost investigation|website=Firstpost|date=March 2019|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306053543/https://www.firstpost.com/india/property-records-nail-pakistani-lie-on-jaish-e-mohammed-hq-in-bahawalpur-finds-firstpost-investigation-6177441.html|archive-date=6 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He also said there was a JeM rally in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa on 28 February, wherein [[Masood Azhar]]'s brother, Abdul Rauf Rasheed Alvi mentioned India's attack of their headquarters and vowed revenge.<ref name="firstpost0302" /> In another piece he stated that RAW analysts estimated 90 casualties including three Pakistani Army trainers, based on intercepted communications.<ref name=":1" /> Swami also said there was a lack of witness testimony to independently assess the validity of above statements.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
This airstrike was the first time since the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] that aerial attacks had been carried out across the Line of Control.<ref name=":1" /> | This airstrike was the first time since the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] that aerial attacks had been carried out across the Line of Control.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
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Heavy skirmishes between Pakistani and Indian forces occurred along the Line of Control on 26 February, with small arms and mortar fire being exchanged.<ref>{{cite news |title=Heavy firing by Pakistan along LoC, Army strongly retaliates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/heavy-firing-by-pakistan-along-loc-army-strongly-retaliates/story-KmTBaM2e26NGJPw4YXKAYI.html |access-date=26 February 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226175021/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/heavy-firing-by-pakistan-along-loc-army-strongly-retaliates/story-KmTBaM2e26NGJPw4YXKAYI.html |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Pakistani officials reported that at least four civilians were killed, and eleven were wounded.<ref name=dawn>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466171|title=4 AJK civilians dead, 11 wounded in 'indiscriminate' Indian shelling across LoC|first=Tariq|last=Naqash|date=27 February 2019|website=DAWN.COM|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227095047/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466171|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India launches air strike inside Pakistan; Islamabad denies... |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-pakistan/india-launches-air-strike-inside-pakistan-islamabad-denies-militant-camp-hit-idUSKCN1QF07B |access-date=26 February 2019 |work=Reuters |date=26 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226171744/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-pakistan/india-launches-air-strike-inside-pakistan-islamabad-denies-militant-camp-hit-idUSKCN1QF07B |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> A 55-year-old woman and her two children were killed in the [[Nakyal]] sector. In the Khuiratta sector, a 40-year-old woman was killed.<ref name="dawn" /> | Heavy skirmishes between Pakistani and Indian forces occurred along the Line of Control on 26 February, with small arms and mortar fire being exchanged.<ref>{{cite news |title=Heavy firing by Pakistan along LoC, Army strongly retaliates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/heavy-firing-by-pakistan-along-loc-army-strongly-retaliates/story-KmTBaM2e26NGJPw4YXKAYI.html |access-date=26 February 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226175021/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/heavy-firing-by-pakistan-along-loc-army-strongly-retaliates/story-KmTBaM2e26NGJPw4YXKAYI.html |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Pakistani officials reported that at least four civilians were killed, and eleven were wounded.<ref name=dawn>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466171|title=4 AJK civilians dead, 11 wounded in 'indiscriminate' Indian shelling across LoC|first=Tariq|last=Naqash|date=27 February 2019|website=DAWN.COM|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227095047/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466171|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India launches air strike inside Pakistan; Islamabad denies... |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-pakistan/india-launches-air-strike-inside-pakistan-islamabad-denies-militant-camp-hit-idUSKCN1QF07B |access-date=26 February 2019 |work=Reuters |date=26 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226171744/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-pakistan/india-launches-air-strike-inside-pakistan-islamabad-denies-militant-camp-hit-idUSKCN1QF07B |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> A 55-year-old woman and her two children were killed in the [[Nakyal]] sector. In the Khuiratta sector, a 40-year-old woman was killed.<ref name="dawn" /> | ||
Throughout 27 February, heavy exchanges of fire between Indian and Pakistani forces continued along the [[Line of Control]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fxstreet.com/news/india-pakistan-reportedly-exchange-heavy-fire-on-line-of-control-usd-inr-may-extend-gains-201902271402|title=India-Pakistan reportedly exchange heavy fire on Line of Control – USD/INR may extend gains|website=FXStreet|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227194659/https://www.fxstreet.com/news/india-pakistan-reportedly-exchange-heavy-fire-on-line-of-control-usd-inr-may-extend-gains-201902271402|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ten Indian soldiers were injured along with two residential houses being destroyed in the skirmishes.<ref name=tense>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/j-k-pakistan-army-tanks-loc-sialkot-sector-situation-tense-sources-1465911-2019-02-27|title=J&K: Pakistan army uses tanks on LoC in Sialkot sector, situation tense, say sources|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228130304/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/j-k-pakistan-army-tanks-loc-sialkot-sector-situation-tense-sources-1465911-2019-02-27|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Pakistani Army stated that on March 1, two of its soldiers were killed by firing from the Indian Army at the Line of Control.<ref name="ChicagoTribune">{{cite web |author1=Roshan Mughal |author2=Aijaz Hussain |title=8 killed in India-Pakistan fighting after return of downed Indian fighter pilot |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-india-pakistan-kashmir-20190302-story.html |publisher=[[ChicagoTribune]] |access-date=3 March 2019 |date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302215616/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-india-pakistan-kashmir-20190302-story.html |archive-date=2 March 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Shelling across the Line of Control killed a [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Kashmiri]] woman and her two sons after a shell landed on their home, with another civilian being critically wounded.{{citation needed|date=December | Throughout 27 February, heavy exchanges of fire between Indian and Pakistani forces continued along the [[Line of Control]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fxstreet.com/news/india-pakistan-reportedly-exchange-heavy-fire-on-line-of-control-usd-inr-may-extend-gains-201902271402|title=India-Pakistan reportedly exchange heavy fire on Line of Control – USD/INR may extend gains|website=FXStreet|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227194659/https://www.fxstreet.com/news/india-pakistan-reportedly-exchange-heavy-fire-on-line-of-control-usd-inr-may-extend-gains-201902271402|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ten Indian soldiers were injured along with two residential houses being destroyed in the skirmishes.<ref name=tense>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/j-k-pakistan-army-tanks-loc-sialkot-sector-situation-tense-sources-1465911-2019-02-27|title=J&K: Pakistan army uses tanks on LoC in Sialkot sector, situation tense, say sources|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228130304/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/j-k-pakistan-army-tanks-loc-sialkot-sector-situation-tense-sources-1465911-2019-02-27|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Pakistani Army stated that on March 1, two of its soldiers were killed by firing from the Indian Army at the Line of Control.<ref name="ChicagoTribune">{{cite web |author1=Roshan Mughal |author2=Aijaz Hussain |title=8 killed in India-Pakistan fighting after return of downed Indian fighter pilot |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-india-pakistan-kashmir-20190302-story.html |publisher=[[ChicagoTribune]] |access-date=3 March 2019 |date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302215616/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-india-pakistan-kashmir-20190302-story.html |archive-date=2 March 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Shelling across the Line of Control killed a [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Kashmiri]] woman and her two sons after a shell landed on their home, with another civilian being critically wounded.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} On 6 and 7 March, Pakistani and Indian forces exchanged heavy artillery fire along the line of control, with Pakistani forces using 130 mm and 105 mm artillery and 120 mm mortars.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes">{{cite news |last1=Gurung |first1=Shaurya Karanbir |title=Army uses Bofors guns to respond to border shelling by Pakistan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-uses-bofors-guns-to-respond-to-border-shelling-by-pakistan/articleshow/68296755.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=7 March 2019}}</ref> In response to the Pakistani artillery fire, the Indian army began utilizing [[Haubits FH77|155mm FH77B Bofors]] cannons against Pakistani positions.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes"/> | ||
===Retaliatory airstrikes, capture and release of pilot=== | ===Retaliatory airstrikes, capture and release of pilot=== | ||
| Line 146: | Line 147: | ||
On 27 February, Pakistani military officials announced that Pakistan had carried out an airstrike against multiple targets in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. A military spokesman claimed that the [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) was able to lock onto Indian military installations, but opted to drop weapons into open areas instead, "to avoid human loss and collateral damage.{{Unbalanced opinion|date=July 2021}}<ref name="nation.com.pk">{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Feb-2019/pakistan-has-capability-but-wants-peace-dg-ispr|title=Pakistan had no choice but to respond, says DG ISPR|date=27 February 2019|website=The Nation|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227124156/https://nation.com.pk/27-Feb-2019/pakistan-has-capability-but-wants-peace-dg-ispr|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Pakistan's Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]] said that the airstrikes only aimed to "send a message" and appealed for negotiations to avoid a full-blown war.<ref name="guardian">"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/27/pakistan-pm-imran-khan-appeals-talks-india-war-kashmir Pakistan PM Imran Khan appeals for talks with India to avoid war] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227175649/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/27/pakistan-pm-imran-khan-appeals-talks-india-war-kashmir |date=27 February 2019 }}", ''[[The Guardian]]''</ref> The spokesman further said that the Pakistan Air Force had shot down two Indian aircraft after they encroached on Pakistan's airspace, one of which fell in Pakistan administered Kashmir while the other fell in Indian administered Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/pakistan-shoots-indian-fighter-jets-military-190227055937142.html|title=Pakistan shoots down two Indian fighter jets: Military|website=aljazeera.com|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228124544/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/pakistan-shoots-indian-fighter-jets-military-190227055937142.html|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|title=2 Indian aircraft violating Pakistani airspace shot down; pilot arrested|date=2019-02-27|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227111650/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was also stated that [[Pakistan Army]] had captured two Indian pilots, one of whom was said to be injured and taken to the Combined Military Hospital.<ref name="cnn-27feb">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/27/india/india-pakistan-strikes-escalation-intl/index.html|title=Pakistan says it shot down two Indian jets as Kashmir border crisis deepens|website=CNN|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227081256/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/27/india/india-pakistan-strikes-escalation-intl/index.html|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|title=2 Indian aircraft violating Pakistani airspace shot down; 2 pilots arrested|last=Dawn.com|date=27 February 2019|website=DAWN.COM|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227094831/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> But a subsequent statement revised the count down to one–[[Abhinandan Varthaman]], a Wing Commander.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-claims-iafs-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman-in-its-custody-releases-video-1466166-2019-02-27|title=Pakistan claims IAF's Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman in its custody, releases video|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227182047/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-claims-iafs-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman-in-its-custody-releases-video-1466166-2019-02-27|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to Indian media allegations, the other pilot the Pakistan Army claimed to have captured and taken to the Combined Military Hospital is claimed to be the downed F-16 pilot.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Joshi|first=Sameer|date=7 April 2019|title=In PAF lies & subterfuge, an F-16 tail number & a PAF pilot -both hidden to serve a myth|work=The Print|url=https://theprint.in/defence/in-paf-lies-subterfuge-f-16-tail-number-paf-pilot-both-hidden-to-serve-myth/218125/|access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|date=2019-04-08|title=With radar images, IAF proves F-16 was shot down, exposes Pakistan|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/with-radar-images-iaf-proves-f-16-was-shot-down-exposes-pakistan-119040801312_1.html|access-date=2021-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharan|first=Sunil|date=2019-05-01|title=The mystery of the missing F-16|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/strategic-insights/the-mystery-of-the-missing-f-16/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-20|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502070457/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/strategic-insights/the-mystery-of-the-missing-f-16/ |archive-date=2 May 2019 }}</ref> On the other hand, according to ''The National Bureau of Asian Research'', such claims of an F-16 being shot down by India are said to be ''"debunked"''.<ref name="Daniel S. Markey (January 27th, 2022).">Daniel S. Markey (January 27th, 2022). ''[https://www.nbr.org/publication/the-strategic-implications-of-indias-illiberalism-and-democratic-erosion/ The Strategic Implications of India’s Illiberalism and Democratic Erosion]''. pg. 100-101. The National Bureau of Asian Research. Article in Asia Policy 17.1. ''[https://www.nbr.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/publications/asiapolicy17-1_markey_jan2022.pdf Free Article Access Link]''. Archived ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220129095109/https://www.nbr.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/publications/asiapolicy17-1_markey_jan2022.pdf Version of Free Access Link]''. Retrieved January 29th, 2022.</ref> | On 27 February, Pakistani military officials announced that Pakistan had carried out an airstrike against multiple targets in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. A military spokesman claimed that the [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) was able to lock onto Indian military installations, but opted to drop weapons into open areas instead, "to avoid human loss and collateral damage.{{Unbalanced opinion|date=July 2021}}<ref name="nation.com.pk">{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Feb-2019/pakistan-has-capability-but-wants-peace-dg-ispr|title=Pakistan had no choice but to respond, says DG ISPR|date=27 February 2019|website=The Nation|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227124156/https://nation.com.pk/27-Feb-2019/pakistan-has-capability-but-wants-peace-dg-ispr|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Pakistan's Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]] said that the airstrikes only aimed to "send a message" and appealed for negotiations to avoid a full-blown war.<ref name="guardian">"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/27/pakistan-pm-imran-khan-appeals-talks-india-war-kashmir Pakistan PM Imran Khan appeals for talks with India to avoid war] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227175649/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/27/pakistan-pm-imran-khan-appeals-talks-india-war-kashmir |date=27 February 2019 }}", ''[[The Guardian]]''</ref> The spokesman further said that the Pakistan Air Force had shot down two Indian aircraft after they encroached on Pakistan's airspace, one of which fell in Pakistan administered Kashmir while the other fell in Indian administered Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/pakistan-shoots-indian-fighter-jets-military-190227055937142.html|title=Pakistan shoots down two Indian fighter jets: Military|website=aljazeera.com|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228124544/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/pakistan-shoots-indian-fighter-jets-military-190227055937142.html|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|title=2 Indian aircraft violating Pakistani airspace shot down; pilot arrested|date=2019-02-27|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227111650/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was also stated that [[Pakistan Army]] had captured two Indian pilots, one of whom was said to be injured and taken to the Combined Military Hospital.<ref name="cnn-27feb">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/27/india/india-pakistan-strikes-escalation-intl/index.html|title=Pakistan says it shot down two Indian jets as Kashmir border crisis deepens|website=CNN|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227081256/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/27/india/india-pakistan-strikes-escalation-intl/index.html|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|title=2 Indian aircraft violating Pakistani airspace shot down; 2 pilots arrested|last=Dawn.com|date=27 February 2019|website=DAWN.COM|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227094831/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> But a subsequent statement revised the count down to one–[[Abhinandan Varthaman]], a Wing Commander.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-claims-iafs-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman-in-its-custody-releases-video-1466166-2019-02-27|title=Pakistan claims IAF's Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman in its custody, releases video|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227182047/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-claims-iafs-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman-in-its-custody-releases-video-1466166-2019-02-27|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to Indian media allegations, the other pilot the Pakistan Army claimed to have captured and taken to the Combined Military Hospital is claimed to be the downed F-16 pilot.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Joshi|first=Sameer|date=7 April 2019|title=In PAF lies & subterfuge, an F-16 tail number & a PAF pilot -both hidden to serve a myth|work=The Print|url=https://theprint.in/defence/in-paf-lies-subterfuge-f-16-tail-number-paf-pilot-both-hidden-to-serve-myth/218125/|access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|date=2019-04-08|title=With radar images, IAF proves F-16 was shot down, exposes Pakistan|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/with-radar-images-iaf-proves-f-16-was-shot-down-exposes-pakistan-119040801312_1.html|access-date=2021-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharan|first=Sunil|date=2019-05-01|title=The mystery of the missing F-16|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/strategic-insights/the-mystery-of-the-missing-f-16/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-20|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502070457/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/strategic-insights/the-mystery-of-the-missing-f-16/ |archive-date=2 May 2019 }}</ref> On the other hand, according to ''The National Bureau of Asian Research'', such claims of an F-16 being shot down by India are said to be ''"debunked"''.<ref name="Daniel S. Markey (January 27th, 2022).">Daniel S. Markey (January 27th, 2022). ''[https://www.nbr.org/publication/the-strategic-implications-of-indias-illiberalism-and-democratic-erosion/ The Strategic Implications of India’s Illiberalism and Democratic Erosion]''. pg. 100-101. The National Bureau of Asian Research. Article in Asia Policy 17.1. ''[https://www.nbr.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/publications/asiapolicy17-1_markey_jan2022.pdf Free Article Access Link]''. Archived ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220129095109/https://www.nbr.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/publications/asiapolicy17-1_markey_jan2022.pdf Version of Free Access Link]''. Retrieved January 29th, 2022.</ref> | ||
India rejected this version of events and stated to have "successfully foiled" Pakistan's attempt to "target military installations".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tension-in-the-air-iaf-paf-lose-a-jet-each-pilot-in-pakistan-custody/articleshow/68192759.cms|title=Tension in the air: IAF, PAF lose a jet each; pilot in Pakistan custody – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228031452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tension-in-the-air-iaf-paf-lose-a-jet-each-pilot-in-pakistan-custody/articleshow/68192759.cms|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> An [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) official statement hours after the airstrike stated that bombs had been dropped on Indian army [[Compound (fortification)|formation compounds]], but there was no damage to military installations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tri-services-speak-in-one-voice-against-pakistani-misadventurism/articleshow/68205750.cms?from=mdr|title=We are on heightened state of readiness: Defence forces|website=The Economic Times|access-date=5 April 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Indian military later stated that three Pakistan Air Force jets had crossed the Line of Control (LoC) from [[Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir]] and had dropped bombs over Nadian, Laam Jhangar, Kerri in [[Rajouri District]] and Hamirpur area of Bhimber Galli in [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]], before being pushed back by six Indian airforce jets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/02/27/pakistan-jets-violate-indian-air-space-kashmir-nowshera-drop-bombs.html|title=Pakistan jets violate Indian airspace in Kashmir's Nowshera, drop bombs|website=The Week|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227100228/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/02/27/pakistan-jets-violate-indian-air-space-kashmir-nowshera-drop-bombs.html|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/hwnews+in-epaper-hwnws/pakistani+jets+violate+indian+air+space+enter+border+areas+of+nowshera+sector+in+j+k+s+rajouri+district-newsid-109815298|title=Pakistani jets violate Indian air space, enter border areas of Nowshera sector in J-K's Rajouri district – Hwnews.in|website=Dailyhunt|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004348/https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/hwnews+in-epaper-hwnws/pakistani+jets+violate+indian+air+space+enter+border+areas+of+nowshera+sector+in+j+k+s+rajouri+district-newsid-109815298|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pakistani-jets-violate-indian-air-space-in-jks-nowshera/articleshow/68179676.cms|title=Indian pilot 'missing in action'; IAF shoots down Pakistan's jet: What we know so far – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227111730/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pakistani-jets-violate-indian-air-space-in-jks-nowshera/articleshow/68179676.cms|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> There were no damage or casualties.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-fighter-jets-violate-loc-indian-air-force-airstrike-jammu-kashmir-nowshera-rajouri-1466040-2019-02-27|title=Pakistani jets cross LoC, Indian Air Force takes down one F-16|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019|agency=Ist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227071807/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-fighter-jets-violate-loc-indian-air-force-airstrike-jammu-kashmir-nowshera-rajouri-1466040-2019-02-27|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Raveesh Kumar from the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Indian Ministry of External Affairs]] also stated that a Pakistani aircraft<!--Do not add F-16 here, the statement does not explicitly mention it. The claim was made by Indian news reports, not MEA --> of the sortie was shot down by the [[Indian Air Force]] in the process.<ref name="mea.gov.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/31098/Statement_by_Official_Spokesperson_on_27_February_2019|title=Statement by Official Spokesperson on 27 February 2019|website=mea.gov.in|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227181051/https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl%2F31098%2FStatement_by_Official_Spokesperson_on_27_February_2019|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47383634|title=India Pakistan: Kashmir fighting sees Indian aircraft downed|date=27 February 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=27 February 2019|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227074808/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47383634|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Indian defence sources initially contradicted Pakistan's statement of capturing a pilot<ref>M. Ilyas Khan, [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418 Abhinandan: Villagers recount dramatic capture of pilot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013431/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418 |date=1 March 2019 }}, ''[[BBC News]]''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-pakistan-says-it-has-shot-down-two-iaf-jets-inside-its-territory-captured-one-indian-pilot/326198|title = India Denies Any of Its Jets Shot Down by Pakistan}}</ref> but subsequently the Indian Ministry of External Affairs confirmed<ref name="mea.gov.in" /> that an Indian pilot was missing in action after a MiG-21 Bison fighter plane was lost while engaging with Pakistani jets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/india-pak-tensions-live-iaf-wing-commander-missing-after-mig-21-crash-pakistan-claims-he-is-in-their-custody-says-govt-2049727.html|title=India-Pak Tensions LIVE: IAF Wing Commander Missing After MiG-21 Crash, Pakistan Claims He is in Their Custody, Says Govt|date=27 February 2019|website=News18|access-date=27 February | |||
India rejected this version of events and stated to have "successfully foiled" Pakistan's attempt to "target military installations".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tension-in-the-air-iaf-paf-lose-a-jet-each-pilot-in-pakistan-custody/articleshow/68192759.cms|title=Tension in the air: IAF, PAF lose a jet each; pilot in Pakistan custody – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228031452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tension-in-the-air-iaf-paf-lose-a-jet-each-pilot-in-pakistan-custody/articleshow/68192759.cms|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> An [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) official statement hours after the airstrike stated that bombs had been dropped on Indian army [[Compound (fortification)|formation compounds]], but there was no damage to military installations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tri-services-speak-in-one-voice-against-pakistani-misadventurism/articleshow/68205750.cms?from=mdr|title=We are on heightened state of readiness: Defence forces|website=The Economic Times|access-date=5 April 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Indian military later stated that three Pakistan Air Force jets had crossed the Line of Control (LoC) from [[Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir]] and had dropped bombs over Nadian, Laam Jhangar, Kerri in [[Rajouri District]] and Hamirpur area of Bhimber Galli in [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]], before being pushed back by six Indian airforce jets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/02/27/pakistan-jets-violate-indian-air-space-kashmir-nowshera-drop-bombs.html|title=Pakistan jets violate Indian airspace in Kashmir's Nowshera, drop bombs|website=The Week|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227100228/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/02/27/pakistan-jets-violate-indian-air-space-kashmir-nowshera-drop-bombs.html|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/hwnews+in-epaper-hwnws/pakistani+jets+violate+indian+air+space+enter+border+areas+of+nowshera+sector+in+j+k+s+rajouri+district-newsid-109815298|title=Pakistani jets violate Indian air space, enter border areas of Nowshera sector in J-K's Rajouri district – Hwnews.in|website=Dailyhunt|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004348/https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/hwnews+in-epaper-hwnws/pakistani+jets+violate+indian+air+space+enter+border+areas+of+nowshera+sector+in+j+k+s+rajouri+district-newsid-109815298|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pakistani-jets-violate-indian-air-space-in-jks-nowshera/articleshow/68179676.cms|title=Indian pilot 'missing in action'; IAF shoots down Pakistan's jet: What we know so far – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227111730/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pakistani-jets-violate-indian-air-space-in-jks-nowshera/articleshow/68179676.cms|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> There were no damage or casualties.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-fighter-jets-violate-loc-indian-air-force-airstrike-jammu-kashmir-nowshera-rajouri-1466040-2019-02-27|title=Pakistani jets cross LoC, Indian Air Force takes down one F-16|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019|agency=Ist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227071807/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-fighter-jets-violate-loc-indian-air-force-airstrike-jammu-kashmir-nowshera-rajouri-1466040-2019-02-27|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Raveesh Kumar from the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Indian Ministry of External Affairs]] also stated that a Pakistani aircraft<!--Do not add F-16 here, the statement does not explicitly mention it. The claim was made by Indian news reports, not MEA --> of the sortie was shot down by the [[Indian Air Force]] in the process.<ref name="mea.gov.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/31098/Statement_by_Official_Spokesperson_on_27_February_2019|title=Statement by Official Spokesperson on 27 February 2019|website=mea.gov.in|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227181051/https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl%2F31098%2FStatement_by_Official_Spokesperson_on_27_February_2019|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47383634|title=India Pakistan: Kashmir fighting sees Indian aircraft downed|date=27 February 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=27 February 2019|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227074808/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47383634|archive-date=27 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Indian defence sources initially contradicted Pakistan's statement of capturing a pilot<ref>M. Ilyas Khan, [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418 Abhinandan: Villagers recount dramatic capture of pilot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013431/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418 |date=1 March 2019 }}, ''[[BBC News]]''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-pakistan-says-it-has-shot-down-two-iaf-jets-inside-its-territory-captured-one-indian-pilot/326198|title = India Denies Any of Its Jets Shot Down by Pakistan}}</ref> but subsequently the Indian Ministry of External Affairs confirmed<ref name="mea.gov.in" /> that an Indian pilot was missing in action after a MiG-21 Bison fighter plane was lost while engaging with Pakistani jets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/india-pak-tensions-live-iaf-wing-commander-missing-after-mig-21-crash-pakistan-claims-he-is-in-their-custody-says-govt-2049727.html|title=India-Pak Tensions LIVE: IAF Wing Commander Missing After MiG-21 Crash, Pakistan Claims He is in Their Custody, Says Govt|date=27 February 2019|website=News18|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref> | |||
The retaliatory air strikes coupled with the capture of the Indian pilot led to a heightened state of military alert. Tanks were deployed to the border in the Pakistani side whilst several Kashmiri residents reportedly fled their homes and painted their homes with red-cross signs to avert air-strikes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/world/asia/kashmir-india-pakistan-aircraft.html|title=Pakistani Military Says It Downed Two Indian Warplanes, Capturing Pilot|last1=Abi-Habib|first1=Maria|date=2019-02-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|last2=Kumar|first2=Hari|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302112340/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/world/asia/kashmir-india-pakistan-aircraft.html|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | The retaliatory air strikes coupled with the capture of the Indian pilot led to a heightened state of military alert. Tanks were deployed to the border in the Pakistani side whilst several Kashmiri residents reportedly fled their homes and painted their homes with red-cross signs to avert air-strikes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/world/asia/kashmir-india-pakistan-aircraft.html|title=Pakistani Military Says It Downed Two Indian Warplanes, Capturing Pilot|last1=Abi-Habib|first1=Maria|date=2019-02-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|last2=Kumar|first2=Hari|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302112340/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/world/asia/kashmir-india-pakistan-aircraft.html|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
| Line 155: | Line 156: | ||
=== Naval intrusion === | === Naval intrusion === | ||
On 5 March, the [[Pakistani Navy]] claimed to have successfully warded off an intrusion attempt by an Indian submarine into its [[territorial waters]] and released a video of a surfaced submarine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-navy-claims-it-thwarted-indian-submarine-from-entering-its-waters/story-Bh2jiJolHkHK8dnPthmj6O.html|title=Pakistan Navy claims it thwarted Indian submarine from entering its waters|date=2019-03-05|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305123212/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-navy-claims-it-thwarted-indian-submarine-from-entering-its-waters/story-Bh2jiJolHkHK8dnPthmj6O.html|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-navy-indian-navy-submarine-video-1470645-2019-03-05|title=Pakistan claims it chased away Indian Navy submarine, releases video|work=India Today|language=en|access-date=5 March 2019|date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305105951/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-navy-indian-navy-submarine-video-1470645-2019-03-05|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1467778|title=Pakistan Navy foils attempt by Indian submarine to enter Pakistani waters|last=Siddiqui|first=Naveed|date=2019-03-05|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|language=en|access-date=2019-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305123659/https://www.dawn.com/news/1467778|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Indian Navy]] subsequently rejected these statements as "false propaganda."<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's claims on Indian submarine false propaganda: Navy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/false-propaganda-navy-rubbishes-pak-claims-on-indian-submarine/articleshow/68272945.cms |access-date=5 March 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=5 March | On 5 March, the [[Pakistani Navy]] claimed to have successfully warded off an intrusion attempt by an Indian submarine into its [[territorial waters]] and released a video of a surfaced submarine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-navy-claims-it-thwarted-indian-submarine-from-entering-its-waters/story-Bh2jiJolHkHK8dnPthmj6O.html|title=Pakistan Navy claims it thwarted Indian submarine from entering its waters|date=2019-03-05|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305123212/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-navy-claims-it-thwarted-indian-submarine-from-entering-its-waters/story-Bh2jiJolHkHK8dnPthmj6O.html|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-navy-indian-navy-submarine-video-1470645-2019-03-05|title=Pakistan claims it chased away Indian Navy submarine, releases video|work=India Today|language=en|access-date=5 March 2019|date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305105951/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-navy-indian-navy-submarine-video-1470645-2019-03-05|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1467778|title=Pakistan Navy foils attempt by Indian submarine to enter Pakistani waters|last=Siddiqui|first=Naveed|date=2019-03-05|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|language=en|access-date=2019-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305123659/https://www.dawn.com/news/1467778|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Indian Navy]] subsequently rejected these statements as "false propaganda."<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's claims on Indian submarine false propaganda: Navy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/false-propaganda-navy-rubbishes-pak-claims-on-indian-submarine/articleshow/68272945.cms |access-date=5 March 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=5 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Other incidents== | ==Other incidents== | ||
===Closure of Pakistani airspace=== | ===Closure of Pakistani airspace=== | ||
On 27 February, Pakistan cancelled all commercial flights and closed its airspace until the midnight of 28 February.<ref name="DawnStranded">{{cite news |title=Thousands stranded in Thailand, a day after Pakistan closes airspace |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466654/thousands-stranded-in-thailand-a-day-after-pakistan-closes-airspace |access-date=28 February 2019 |work=DAWN.COM |date=28 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228104801/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466654/thousands-stranded-in-thailand-a-day-after-pakistan-closes-airspace |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="DawnAirspace">{{cite news |first1=Sirajuddin |last1=Qazi Hassan |title=Pakistani airspace to remain closed till Thursday midnight |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466348 |access-date=28 February 2019 |work=DAWN |date=27 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227200352/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466348 |archive-date=27 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> A [[NOTAM]] was issued by the [[Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority]] to close the airspace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AirportPakistan/status/1100668226386649089|title=Civil Aviation Authority of #Pakistan has officially closed its airspace until further notice & issued NOTAM. pic.twitter.com/qGZBMiKxvG|last=Pakistan|first=C. A. A.|date=2019-02-27|website=@AirportPakistan|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228105317/https://twitter.com/AirportPakistan/status/1100668226386649089|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Airlines were required to reroute or cancel their flights with routes planned over Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=India-Pakistan tensions force airlines to cancel and reroute flights {{!}} DW {{!}} 28.02.2019 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-pakistan-tensions-force-airlines-to-cancel-and-reroute-flights/a-47720001 |access-date=28 February 2019 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228100204/https://www.dw.com/en/india-pakistan-tensions-force-airlines-to-cancel-and-reroute-flights/a-47720001 |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 1 March, the NOTAM closing the airspace was extended until 8:00 AM ([[UTC]]) on 4 March with 23 exceptions listed.<ref>https://www.caapakistan.com.pk/upload/Notams/A210-19.txt{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pakistan's airspace was closed for flights crossing the country's airspace except for arriving and departing flights at major airports in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caapakistan.com.pk/NOTAMS/NotamView.aspx|title=Notices to Airmen (NOTAMS)|website=www.caapakistan.com.pk}}</ref> The airspace closure was again repeatedly extended,.<ref name="DT_airspace">{{cite news |title=Pakistan closes its airspace till March 11 |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/363185/pakistan-closes-its-airspace-till-the-march-11/ |access-date=10 March 2019 |work=Daily Times |date=9 March | On 27 February, Pakistan cancelled all commercial flights and closed its airspace until the midnight of 28 February.<ref name="DawnStranded">{{cite news |title=Thousands stranded in Thailand, a day after Pakistan closes airspace |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466654/thousands-stranded-in-thailand-a-day-after-pakistan-closes-airspace |access-date=28 February 2019 |work=DAWN.COM |date=28 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228104801/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466654/thousands-stranded-in-thailand-a-day-after-pakistan-closes-airspace |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="DawnAirspace">{{cite news |first1=Sirajuddin |last1=Qazi Hassan |title=Pakistani airspace to remain closed till Thursday midnight |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466348 |access-date=28 February 2019 |work=DAWN |date=27 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227200352/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466348 |archive-date=27 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> A [[NOTAM]] was issued by the [[Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority]] to close the airspace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AirportPakistan/status/1100668226386649089|title=Civil Aviation Authority of #Pakistan has officially closed its airspace until further notice & issued NOTAM. pic.twitter.com/qGZBMiKxvG|last=Pakistan|first=C. A. A.|date=2019-02-27|website=@AirportPakistan|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228105317/https://twitter.com/AirportPakistan/status/1100668226386649089|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Airlines were required to reroute or cancel their flights with routes planned over Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=India-Pakistan tensions force airlines to cancel and reroute flights {{!}} DW {{!}} 28.02.2019 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-pakistan-tensions-force-airlines-to-cancel-and-reroute-flights/a-47720001 |access-date=28 February 2019 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228100204/https://www.dw.com/en/india-pakistan-tensions-force-airlines-to-cancel-and-reroute-flights/a-47720001 |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 1 March, the NOTAM closing the airspace was extended until 8:00 AM ([[UTC]]) on 4 March with 23 exceptions listed.<ref>https://www.caapakistan.com.pk/upload/Notams/A210-19.txt{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pakistan's airspace was closed for flights crossing the country's airspace except for arriving and departing flights at major airports in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caapakistan.com.pk/NOTAMS/NotamView.aspx|title=Notices to Airmen (NOTAMS)|website=www.caapakistan.com.pk}}</ref> The airspace closure was again repeatedly extended,.<ref name="DT_airspace">{{cite news |title=Pakistan closes its airspace till March 11 |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/363185/pakistan-closes-its-airspace-till-the-march-11/ |access-date=10 March 2019 |work=Daily Times |date=9 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="HinduAirspace">{{cite news |last1=Haidar |first1=Suhasini |last2=Chandra |first2=Jagriti |title=Pakistan airspace closure hits Afghan, Kazakh, Russian airlines |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/pakistan-airspace-closure-hits-afghan-kazakh-russian-airlines/article26714533.ece |access-date=3 April 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=2 April 2019 |language=en-IN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403071712/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/pakistan-airspace-closure-hits-afghan-kazakh-russian-airlines/article26714533.ece |archive-date=3 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="TH_aispaceBan">{{cite news |last1=Chandra |first1=Jagriti |title=Pakistan extends ban on use of its airspace for flights till June 15 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pakistan-extends-ban-on-use-of-its-airspace-for-flights-to-june-15/article27282736.ece |access-date=29 May 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=29 May 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pakistan-airspace-closure-costs-over-rs-548-crore-to-indian-airlines-1562254701059.html|title=Pakistan airspace closure costs over ₹548 crore to Indian airlines|date=4 July 2019|website=Livemint}}</ref> The Pakistan finally opened its airspace for all civilian aircraft on 15 July 2019, after 140 days.<ref name="AirspaceOpens">{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title=Pakistan reopens airspace for all civilian traffic; Indian flights to operate soon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pakistan-opens-airspace-for-all-civilian-traffic-indian-flights-to-operate-soon/article28462590.ece |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=16 July 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="140Days">{{cite news |title=Normal air traffic resumes as India follows Pakistan, lifts ban on airspace |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-pakistan-airspace-ban-lifted-normal-air-traffic-resumes-1569840-2019-07-16 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> | ||
India did not close down its civilian air traffic and only the [[Srinagar]] airspace was closed for 2–3 hours on the day of the skirmish.<ref name="DhanoaHindu">{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Did not let tensions with Pakistan dictate our civil aviation: Air Chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/did-not-let-tensions-with-pakistan-dictate-our-civil-aviation-air-chief-bs-dhanoa/article28124276.ece |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=24 June 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> However the Pakistani flights were allowed usage of Indian airspace only after 15 July when Pakistan opened up its airspace.<ref name="IndiaRestoresTraffic">{{cite news |title=Normal air traffic resumes as India follows Pakistan, lifts ban on airspace |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-pakistan-airspace-ban-lifted-normal-air-traffic-resumes-1569840-2019-07-16 |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=India Today |date=16 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> | India did not close down its civilian air traffic and only the [[Srinagar]] airspace was closed for 2–3 hours on the day of the skirmish.<ref name="DhanoaHindu">{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Did not let tensions with Pakistan dictate our civil aviation: Air Chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/did-not-let-tensions-with-pakistan-dictate-our-civil-aviation-air-chief-bs-dhanoa/article28124276.ece |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=24 June 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> However the Pakistani flights were allowed usage of Indian airspace only after 15 July when Pakistan opened up its airspace.<ref name="IndiaRestoresTraffic">{{cite news |title=Normal air traffic resumes as India follows Pakistan, lifts ban on airspace |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-pakistan-airspace-ban-lifted-normal-air-traffic-resumes-1569840-2019-07-16 |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=India Today |date=16 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
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{{main|2019 Kashmir lockdown}} | {{main|2019 Kashmir lockdown}} | ||
On 5 August 2019, the [[Government of India]] [[Indian revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's special status|revoked]] the [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India#Autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir: Structure and limitations|special status]] granted to [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref name=britannica-jammu-kashmir>{{citation|last1=Akhtar|first1=Rais|last2=Kirk|first2=William|title=Jammu and Kashmir, State, India|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir |access-date=7 August | On 5 August 2019, the [[Government of India]] [[Indian revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's special status|revoked]] the [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India#Autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir: Structure and limitations|special status]] granted to [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref name=britannica-jammu-kashmir>{{citation|last1=Akhtar|first1=Rais|last2=Kirk|first2=William|title=Jammu and Kashmir, State, India|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir |access-date=7 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir, state of India, located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the vicinity of the Karakoram and westernmost Himalayan mountain ranges. The state is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of the subcontinent in 1947."</ref> | ||
On 15 August Pakistan and Indian forces exchanged fire over the disputed frontier in Kashmir, leaving 3 Pakistani soldiers dead and two civilians.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/15/pakistani-prime-minister-warns-ethnic-cleansing-kashmir/|title=Five killed as Pakistan and India trade fire amid Kashmir tension|first=Ben|last=Farmer|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=15 August 2019|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> | On 15 August Pakistan and Indian forces exchanged fire over the disputed frontier in Kashmir, leaving 3 Pakistani soldiers dead and two civilians.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/15/pakistani-prime-minister-warns-ethnic-cleansing-kashmir/|title=Five killed as Pakistan and India trade fire amid Kashmir tension|first=Ben|last=Farmer|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=15 August 2019|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> | ||
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=== Artillery strike === | === Artillery strike === | ||
''The Statesman'', an Indian newspaper, reported that 18 terrorists and 16 Pakistani soldiers were killed when Indian Army launched artillery strikes on terrorist camps in Neelum valley on October 19 and 20.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/18-terrorists-killed-jem-launch-pads-destroyed-artillery-strikes-army-pok-reports-1502813337.html|title=18 terrorists killed, JeM launch pads destroyed in artillery strikes by Army in PoK: Reports|date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028153039/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/18-terrorists-killed-jem-launch-pads-destroyed-artillery-strikes-army-pok-reports-1502813337.html|archive-date=28 October | ''The Statesman'', an Indian newspaper, reported that 18 terrorists and 16 Pakistani soldiers were killed when Indian Army launched artillery strikes on terrorist camps in Neelum valley on October 19 and 20.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/18-terrorists-killed-jem-launch-pads-destroyed-artillery-strikes-army-pok-reports-1502813337.html|title=18 terrorists killed, JeM launch pads destroyed in artillery strikes by Army in PoK: Reports|date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028153039/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/18-terrorists-killed-jem-launch-pads-destroyed-artillery-strikes-army-pok-reports-1502813337.html|archive-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> [[Mohammad Faisal]], however, said that five Pakistani civilians had died. | ||
==International reaction== | ==International reaction== | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:2019 India-Pakistan military confrontation}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:2019 India-Pakistan military confrontation}} | ||
{{#seo: | |||
|keywords=2019 in foreign relations of India, 2019 in Pakistan, 2010s in Jammu and Kashmir, Conflicts in 2019, Counterterrorism, February 2019 events in Pakistan, February 2019 events in India, History of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, India–Pakistan border, India–Pakistan military relations, Indo-Pakistani wars, Kashmir conflict, Operations involving the Indian Air Force, Mansehra District, History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (1947–present), 21st-century aircraft shootdown incidents, Attacks in India in 2019, Attacks in Pakistan in 2019 | |||
|description= | |||
}} | |||
[[Category:2019 in foreign relations of India]] | [[Category:2019 in foreign relations of India]] | ||
[[Category:2019 in Pakistan]] | [[Category:2019 in Pakistan]] | ||