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{{Infobox settlement
{{Short description|State in northern India}}
| name                   = Haryana
{{About||the Bollywood film|Haryana (film)}}
| official_name           =  
 
| settlement_type        = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}
  | photo1a = HUDA City Center station.jpg
{{Infobox Indian state or territory
  | photo2a = Pinjore Gardens.JPG
| name = Haryana
  | photo2b = Sourabh475123 01.jpg
| official_name = State of Haryana
  | photo3a = Vatika Business Towers Faridabad.png
| type = State
| image_seal = Emblem of Haryana.svg
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
  | photo1a = Cyber City View.jpg
  | photo2a = Sourabh475123 01.jpg
  | photo2b = Babur introduced field guns at panipat, 1526.jpg
  | photo3a = Indian Craft work.JPG
| photo3b = Gold field.jpg
| photo4a = Kushti fight.jpg
  | spacing = 1
  | spacing = 1
  | color_border = white
  | color_border = white
  | color  = white
  | color  = white
  | size = 250
  | size = 250
  | foot_montage = From top, left to right: [[HUDA City Centre metro station]], [[Pinjore Gardens]], bronze chariot of Lord Krishna and Arjuna at [[Kurukshetra]], Vatika Business Towers in [[Faridabad]].
  | foot_montage = From top, left to right: [[Cyber City, Gurgaon|Gurgaon Cyber City]], bronze chariot of [[Krishna]] and [[Arjuna]] at [[Kurukshetra]], an artist's description of the [[First Battle of Panipat]], artifacts for sale at the International Crafts Fair at [[Surajkund]] , Wheat crop ready for harvest, a game of [[Pehlwani|Kushti]] being played.
  }}
  }}
| image_alt              = Hindustan times
| etymology = Abode of God or Green Forest
| image_caption          =
| nickname = "Denmark of India"
| image_flag              = Indian state flag of Haryana (proposed).jpg
| motto = Satyameva Jayate <br/>
| flag_alt                = Unofficial flag of the Government of Haryana
(Truth alone triumphs)
| image_seal              = Emblem of Haryana.svg
| image_map = IN-HR.svg
| seal_alt                = Official seal of the Government of Haryana
| coordinates = {{coord|30.73|N|76.78|E|region:IN-HR_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_map               = IN-HR.svg
| region = North India
| map_caption            = Location of Haryana in India
| before_was = Part of [[Punjab]]
| pushpin_map            =
| formation_date2 = formation1
| pushpin_label_position  = none
| formation_date4 = 1 November 1966
| coordinates             = {{coord|30.73|N|76.78|E|region:IN-HR_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| capital = Chandigarh
| coor_pinpoint          = Chandigarh
| largestcity = Faridabad
| subdivision_type        = Country
| districts = [[List of districts of Haryana|22 (6 divisions)]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| Governor = [[Bandaru Dattatreya]]
| established_title      = Statehood
| Chief_Minister = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
| established_date        = 1 November 1966
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| seat_type              = Capital
| Deputy_CM = [[Dushyant Chautala]]
| seat                    = [[Chandigarh]]{{ref|cap|†}}
| judiciary = [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
| seat1_type              = Largest city
| legislature_type = Unicameral
| seat1                  = [[Faridabad]]
| assembly = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| parts_type              = [[List of Indian districts|Districts]]
| assembly_seats = 90 seats
| parts_style            = para
| rajya_sabha_seats = 5 seats
| p1                      = [[List of districts of Haryana|22]]
| lok_sabha_seats = 10 seats
| government_footnotes    =
| area_footnotes = <ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Haryana at a Glance|url=http://www.haryana.gov.in/knowharyana/haryanaglance.html|website=Government of Haryana|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314194109/http://www.haryana.gov.in/knowharyana/haryanaglance.html|archive-date=14 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| leader_title            = [[Governors of Haryana|Governor]]
| area_total_km2 = 44212
| leader_name            = [[Satyadev Narayan Arya]]
| area_rank = 21st
| leader_title1          = [[Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister]]
| elevation_m = 200
| leader_name1            = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| elevation_max_m = 1,499
| leader_title2          = [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| elevation_max_point = [[Karoh Peak]]
| leader_name2            = [[Dushyant Chautala]] ([[Jannayak Janta Party|JJP]])
| elevation_min_m = 169
| leader_title3          = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislature]]
| population_total = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 25,351,462
| leader_name3            = [[Unicameral]] ([[List of constituencies of Haryana Legislative Assembly|90 seats]])
| population_as_of = 2011
| leader_title4          = [[16th Lok Sabha|Parliamentary constituency]]
| population_rank = 18th
| leader_name4            = [[Rajya Sabha]] 5 <br/> [[Lok Sabha]] 10
| population_urban = 34.88%
| leader_title5          = [[High Courts of India|High Court]]
| population_rural = 65.12%
| leader_name5            = [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]{{ref|cap|††}}
| population_density = 573
| unit_pref              = Metric
| population_demonym = [[Haryanvi people|Haryanvi]]
| area_footnotes         = <ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Haryana at a Glance|url=http://www.haryana.gov.in/knowharyana/haryanaglance.html|website=Government of Haryana|accessdate=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314194109/http://www.haryana.gov.in/knowharyana/haryanaglance.html|archive-date=14 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 0fficial_Langs = [[Hindi]]<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 16 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| area_total_km2         = 44212
| additional_official = [[English language|English]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<ref name="punjabiofficial"/>
| area_rank               = [[List of states and territories of India by area|21st]]
| regional = {{hlist|[[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]]|[[Ahirwati]]|[[Mewati]]|[[Bagri language|Bagri]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/the-way-tough-haryanvis-speak-18241|title=The way tough Haryanvis speak|website=The Tribune|date=28 December 2019|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Folk Songs">{{cite web|url=http://web.iitd.ac.in/~singhk/home/Phase1.htm|title=Social Status of a Haryanvi Rural Woman: A Reflective Study through Folk Songs|website=iitd.ac.com|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220034617/http://web.iitd.ac.in/~singhk/home/Phase1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=No takers in their own land |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/no-takers-in-their-own-land-753271 |access-date=1 May 2022 |work=Tribune |date=7 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-gurugram/20181224/281629601383742|title=|via=PressReader}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book|title=Hariyāṇā kī upabhāṣāeṃ|date=c. 1979|editor-last=Sharada|editor-first=Sadhu Ram|place=Chandigarh|publisher=Bhasha Vibhag|language=hi}}</ref>
| population_total       = 25,353,081
| official_script = [[Devanagari script]], [[Gurmukhi script]]
| population_as_of       = 2011
| GDP_footnotes = <ref name="Survey1">{{cite web|url=http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/esurvey.pdf|title=Economic Survey of Haryana 2020-21|work=[[Government of Haryana]]|pages=2–3|date=1 February 2022|access-date=1 February 2022|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119164659/http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Esurvey.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_footnotes    =  
| GDP_total = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|7.65|t|lk=r}}
| population_density_km2  = 573
| GDP_year = 2020–21
| population_rank        = [[List of states and union territories of India by population|18th]]
| GDP_rank = 13th
| population_density_rank = 11
| GDP_per_capita = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|239535|lk=r}}
| population_demonym     = [[List of people from Haryana|Haryanvi]]
| GDP_per_capita_rank = 6th
| demographics_type1      = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate = 16 February 2016 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| HDI = {{Increase}} 0.708  {{color|#0c0|High}}<ref name="snhdi-gdl">{{cite web |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |website=Global Data Lab |publisher=Institute for Management Research, Radboud University |access-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |archive-date=23 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| HDI_year = 2019
| demographics1_info1    = [[Hindi]]
| HDI_rank = 12th
| demographics1_title2    = Additional official
| literacy = {{Increase}} 75.55%
| demographics1_info2    = {{hlist|[[English language|English]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]}}
| literacy_year = 2011
| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| literacy_rank = 22nd
| utc_offset1            = +05:30
| sex_ratio = 926[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019-2021)|url=https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf|website=Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India}}</ref>
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| sexratio_year = 2021
| registration_plate      = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-xx
| sexratio_rank = 29th
| demographics_type2      = GDP {{nobold|(2019–20)}}  
| iso_code = IN-HR
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="Har">{{cite web|url=http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|title=Budget At Glance Haryana 2019-20: Per Capita Income|page=9|format=PDF|publisher=Department of Economic and Statistical Analysis, Haryana Government |accessdate=9 June 2019}}</ref>  
| registration_plate = HR
| demographics2_title1    = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|Total]]
| website = haryana.gov.in
| demographics2_info1    = {{INRConvert|7.84|lc}}
| footnotes = {{note|cap|†}}Joint Capital with Punjab<br />{{ref|cap|††}} Common for Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.
| demographics2_title2    = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|Per capita]]
| foundation_day = Haryana Day
| demographics2_info2    = {{INRConvert|251575}}  
| mammal = [[Blackbuck]]
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| bird = [[Black francolin]]
| blank_info_sec1        = {{increase}} 0.704 (2017)<ref name="snhdi-gdl">{{cite web |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |website=Global Data Lab |publisher=Institute for Management Research, Radboud University |accessdate=24 October 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |archive-date=23 September 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref> ({{color|green|High}})
| flower = [[List of plants known as lotus|Lotus]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = HDI rank
| tree = [[Ficus religiosa|Bodhi tree]]
| blank1_info_sec1        = [[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|7th]]
| image_highway = SH IN-HR.png
| blank2_name_sec1        = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| SH_numbers = [[List of highways in Haryana|HR SH1 – HR SH33]]
| blank2_info_sec1        = 879[[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/haryana.html|title=Haryana Population Sex Ratio in Haryana Literacy rate data|accessdate=13 August 2017|publisher=Census Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815130449/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/haryana.html|archive-date=15 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
| website                 = {{URL|http://haryana.gov.in/}}
| footnotes               = {{note|cap|†}}Joint Capital with Punjab<br />{{ref|cap|††}} Common for Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.<!--
-->{{Infobox region symbols| embedded = yes
| region  = Haryana
| country  = [[India]]
| flag    = [[File:Indian state flag of Haryana (proposed).jpg|50px|left|]] [[Flag of Haryana]]
| emblem  = [[Emblem of Haryana.svg|50px|left|]] [[Emblem of Haryana]]
| song    =
| dance    =
| mammal   = [[File:Antilope cervicapra from velavadar.JPG|50px|left]] [[Black buck]]
| bird     = [[File:Black Francolin.jpg|50px|left]] [[Black francolin]]
| flower   = [[File:Sacred_lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera.jpg|50px|left]] [[Lotus (plant)|Lotus]]
| fruit    =
| tree     = [[File:Ficus religiosa Bo.jpg|50px|left]] [[Peepal]]
| river    =  
| sport    =  
| costume  =
}}
}}
'''Haryana''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ʌr|i|ˈ|ɑː|n|ə}}; {{IPA-hi|ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː|lang}}) is an Indian [[States and union territories of India|state]] located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of [[East Punjab]] on 1 November 1966 on a [[linguistic]] basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% ({{cvt|44212|km2|disp=or}}) of India's land area.<ref name="profile" /><ref name="harec1" /> The state capital is [[Chandigarh]], which it shares with the neighboring state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and the most populous city is [[Faridabad]], which is a part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]]. The city of [[Gurgaon]] is among India's largest financial and technology hubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ncr-food-hub-dlf-phase-v-one-horizon-centre-whisky-samba-lifefd/1/913271.html|title=This is NCR's new foodie magnet; have you been yet?|work=[[India Today]]|date=26 March 2017|access-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422134055/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ncr-food-hub-dlf-phase-v-one-horizon-centre-whisky-samba-lifefd/1/913271.html|archive-date=22 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Haryana has 6 [[Divisions of Haryana|administrative divisions]], 22 [[List of districts of Haryana|districts]], 72 sub-divisions, 93 [[tehsil|revenue tehsil]]s, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 [[Community development block in India|community development block]]s, 154 [[List of cities in Haryana by population|cities and towns]], 7,356 villages, and 6,222 [[Gram panchayat|villages panchayats]].<ref name="harec1" />{{sfn|NIDM|p=4}}
Haryana contains 32 [[special economic zone]]s (SEZs), mainly located within the industrial corridor projects connecting the National Capital Region.<ref name="harec1" /><ref name=harec2/>  [[Gurgaon]] is considered one of the major [[information technology]] and [[automobile]] hubs of India.<ref name=IT3>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Gurugram among top 5 IT hubs in Asia Pacific|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-hubs-in-asia-pacific/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html|access-date=28 May 2019|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=28 May 2019|agency=}}</ref><ref name=percapita3>{{cite news|last=Julka|first=Harsimran|title=IT firms looking beyond Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida to other cities in north India|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|access-date=2 October 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=30 September 2011|agency=ET Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105032828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Haryana [[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|ranks 11th]] among Indian states in [[human development index]].<ref name="snhdi-gdl" /> The [[economy of Haryana]] is the [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|13th largest]] in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of {{INRConvert|7.65|t|lk=r}} and has the country's [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|5th-highest GSDP per capita]] of {{INRConvert|240|k}}.<ref name="Survey1"/>
The state is rich in [[History of Haryana|history]], [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana|monuments]], [[List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana|heritage]], [[List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India|flora and fauna]] and [[Tourism in Haryana|tourism]], with a well-developed [[Economy of Haryana|economy]], [[List of National Highways in India#Haryana|national highways]] and [[List of state highways in Haryana|state roads]]. It is bordered by [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the north, by [[Rajasthan]] to the west and [[South Haryana|south]], while river [[Yamuna]] forms its eastern border with [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Haryana surrounds the country's capital territory of [[Delhi]] on three sides (north, west and south), consequently, a large area of Haryana state is included in the economically important National Capital Region of India for the purposes of planning and development.
==Etymology==
Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because in the post-[[Mahabharata]] period, the [[Abhiras]] live here,<ref>{{cite book |last=Lal |first=Muni |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cgCAAAAMAAJ&q=abhiras |title=Haryana: On High Road to Prosperity |date=1974 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=978-0-7069-0290-7 }}</ref> who developed special skills in the art of agriculture.<ref>{{cite book|last=Punia|first=Bijender K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7d3rX5jr1WQC&dq=abhira+name+haryana&pg=PA18|title=Tourism Management: Problems and Prospects|date=1994|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-643-5|language=en}}</ref> According to Pran Nath Chopra, Haryana got its name from Abhirayana-Ahirayana-Hirayana-Haryana.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chopra|first=Pran Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggtuAAAAMAAJ&q=Abhirayana%3DAhirayana%3DHirayana%3D|title=Religions and Communities of India|date=1982|publisher=Vision Books|isbn=978-0-391-02748-0|language=en}}</ref>
==History==
{{Main|History of Haryana|List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana|List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana|label 1 = History of Haryana|label 2 = National monuments in Haryana|label 3 = State monuments in Haryana}}
===Ancient period===
{{Main|Indus Valley Civilization|Vedic Civilization}}
{{multiple image
| perrow            = 2
| total_width      = 350
| caption_align    = center
| align            = left
| image1            = Skeleton harappa.JPG
| caption1          = A skeleton from an [[Indus Valley civilisation]] site near [[Rakhigarhi]].<ref name="IVC-Rakhigarhi"/> The skeleton is on display in the [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]].
| image2            = Kurukshetra.jpg
| caption2          = Manuscript illustration of the [[Battle of Kurukshetra]], which is a war described in the [[Indian epic]] poem ''[[Mahābhārata]]''. The conflict arose from a dynastic succession struggle between two groups of cousins, the [[Kaurava]]s and [[Pandava]]s, for the throne of [[Hastinapura]] in an Indian kingdom called [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]].
}}
The villages of [[Rakhigarhi]] in [[Hisar district]] and [[Bhirrana]] in [[Fatehabad district]] are home to ancient sites of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], which contain evidence of paved roads, a drainage system, a large-scale rainwater collection storage system, terracotta brick and statue production, and skilled metalworking (in both bronze and precious metals).<ref name="IVC-Rakhigarhi">{{citation |url=http://thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/rakhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece |title=Rakhigarhi, the biggest Harappan site |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 March 2014 |access-date=24 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127171505/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/rakhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece |archive-date=27 November 2016 |url-status=live |last1=Subramanian |first1=T. S. }}</ref>
During the [[Vedic era]], Haryana was the site of the [[Kuru Kingdom]], one of India's great [[Mahajanapadas]]. The south of Haryana is the claimed location of [[Manusmṛti|Manu]]'s state of [[Brahmavarta]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana Plus|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111220/harplus.htm|website=The Tribune|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031143942/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111220/harplus.htm|archive-date=31 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2019}} The area surrounding [[Dhosi Hill]], and districts of [[Rewari district|Rewari]] and [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]] had Ashrams of several Rishis who made valuable contributions to important Hindu scriptures like [[Vedas]], [[Upanishads]], [[Manusmriti]], [[Brahmana]]s and [[Puranas]].<ref>Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of [[Brahmavarta]] and [[Drishadvati river|Drishadwati river]] is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river" Seminar, Saraswati river-a perspective, 20–22 Nov 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organized by Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114–117</ref> As per Manusmriti,<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Mlecchas, Yavanas and Heathens: Interacting Xenologies in Early Nineteenth-Century Calcutta |first=Dermot |last=Killingley |title=Beyond Orientalism: The Work of Wilhelm Halbfass and Its Impact on Indian and Cross-cultural Studies |editor1-first=Eli |editor1-last=Franco |editor2-first=Karin |editor2-last=Preisendanz |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-12083-110-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tv-4tyO9u_QC&pg=PA125 |page=125}}</ref> Manu was the king of [[Brahmavarta]], the flood time state 10,000 years ago surrounded by oldest route of Sarasvati and Drishadwati rivers on the banks of which Sanatan-Vedic or present-day Hindu ethos evolved and scriptures were composed.
===Medieval period===
Ancient bronze and stone idols of Jain [[Tirthankara]] were found in archaeological expeditions in [[Badli]], [[Bhiwani]] ([[Ranila]], [[Charkhi Dadri]] and [[Badhra]]), [[Dadri]], [[Gurgaon]] ([[Gurugram ]]), [[Hansi]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], Kasan, Nahad, [[Narnaul]], [[Pehowa]], [[Rewari]], Rohad, [[Rohtak]] ([[Asthal Bohar]]) and [[Sonepat]] in Haryana.{{sfn|Atul Kumar Sinha|Abhay Kumar Singh|2007|p=401}}
[[File:Harsha Ka Tila.jpg|thumb|left|180px|''Harsha Ka Tila'' mound west of [[Sheikh Chilli's Tomb]] complex, with ruins from the reign of 7th-century ruler [[Harsha]].]]
[[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] ruled parts of northern India in the 7th century with its capital at [[Thanesar]]. [[Harsha]] was a prominent king of the dynasty. [[Tomara dynasty]] ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. [[Anangpal Tomar]] was a prominent king among the Tomaras.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 March 2021|title=Explained: The legacy of Tomar king Anangpal II and his connection with Delhi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tomar-king-anangpal-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/|access-date=6 May 2021|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
After the sack of [[Bhatner fort]] during the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] conquests of India in 1398, [[Timur]] attacked and sacked the cities of [[Sirsa]], [[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad]], [[Sunam]], [[Kaithal]] and [[Panipat]]. When he reached the town of Sarsuti (Sirsa), the residents fled and were chased by a detachment of Timur's troops, with thousands of them being killed and looted by the troops. From there he travelled to Fatehabad, whose residents fled and a large number of those remaining in the town were massacred. The [[Ahirs]] resisted him at Ahruni but were defeated, with thousands being killed and many being taken prisoners while the town was burnt to ashes. From there he travelled to [[Tohana]], whose [[Jat]] inhabitants were robbers according to [[Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi]]. They tried to resist but were defeated and fled. Timur's army pursued and killed 200 [[Jats]], while taking many more as prisoners. He then sent a detachment to chase the fleeing [[Jats]] and killed 2,000 of them while their wives and children were enslaved and their property plundered. Timur proceeded to Kaithal whose residents were massacred and plundered, destroying all villages along the way. On the next day, he came to [[Assandh]], whose residents were "[[Zoroastrians|fire-worshippers]]" according to Yazdi, and had fled to Delhi. Next, he travelled to and subdued Tughlaqpur fort and [[Salwan]] before reaching [[Panipat]] whose residents had already fled. He then marched on to [[Loni, Ghaziabad|Loni]] fort.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9Q6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497|title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period: Ed. from the Posthumous Papers of the Late Sir H. M. Elliot ..|last1=Elliot|first1=Sir Henry Miers|last2=Dowson|first2=John|date=1871|publisher=Trübner and Company|pages=427–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Haryana, Ancient and Medieval|last=Phadke|first=H.A.|date=1990|publisher=Harman Publishing House|page=123}}</ref>
[[File:Maharaja Hemu Bhargava - Victor of Twenty Two Pitched Battles, 1910s.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Portrait of [[Hemu|Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]], who fought and won across North India from the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] to [[Bengal]], winning 22 straight battles.{{sfn|Sarkar|1960|p=66}}]]
[[Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]], also called [[Hemu]], claimed royal status and the throne of Delhi after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in the [[Battle of Delhi (1556)|Battle of Delhi]], and assumed the ancient title of [[Hemachandra Vikramaditya|Vikramaditya]]. The area that is now Haryana has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. [[Panipat]] is known for three seminal battles in the history of India. In the [[First Battle of Panipat]] (1526), [[Babur]] defeated the [[Lodi Empire|Lodis]]. In the [[Second Battle of Panipat]] (1556), [[Akbar]] defeated the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, who belonged to [[Rewari]]. [[Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]] had earlier won 22 battles across India from 1553 to 1556 from [[Punjab]] to [[Bengal]], defeating the Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and the [[Battle of Tughlaqabad|Battle of Delhi]] in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of India with a formal coronation at [[Purana Quila]] in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] (1761), the Afghan king [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] defeated the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Arnold P. Kaminsky |author2=Roger D. Long |title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA300 |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-37462-3 |page=300 |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619120748/https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA300 |archive-date=19 June 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
===British Period===
[[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|Map of British Punjab province; Haryana formed the southeastern areas of the province]]
The state was part of the British [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab province]]. The [[Punjab Province (British India)#Administrative divisions|Delhi division]] of Punjab province formed the bulk of Haryana. Among the princely states that were located in the state were [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]] and [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], as well as parts of the [[Patiala State]].
===Partition and aftermath===
During the [[Partition of India]], the Punjab province was one of two British Indian provinces, alongside Bengal, to be partitioned between India and Pakistan. Haryana, along with other Hindu and Sikh-dominated areas of Punjab province, became part of India as [[East Punjab]] state. As a result, a significant number of Muslims left for the newly formed country of [[Pakistan]]. Similarly, a huge number of Hindu and Sikh refugees poured into the state from [[West Punjab]]. [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]], who hailed from Sirsa in present-day Haryana, became the first Chief Minister of East Punjab.
===Formation of Haryana===
{{Main|Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966}}
Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966). The Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the languages spoken by the people. The commission delivered its report on 31 May 1966 whereby the then-districts of [[Hisar (district)|Hisar]], [[Mahendragarh]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Rohtak]] and [[Karnal]] were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the [[tehsil]]s of [[Jind]] and [[Narwana]] in the [[Sangrur]] district – along with [[Naraingarh]], [[Ambala]] and [[Jagadhri]] – were to be included.<ref>{{citation|title=the punjab reorganisation act, 1966 - Chief Secretary, Haryana|url=http://csharyana.gov.in/WriteReadData/Acts/Re-Organisation/1474.pdf|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081746/http://csharyana.gov.in/WriteReadData/Acts/Re-Organisation/1474.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
The commission recommended that the tehsil of [[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]], which includes [[Chandigarh]], the state capital of Punjab, should be a part of Haryana. However, [[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] was given to Punjab.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/History/history_1966-.htm |title=History of Haryana - Haryana Day: A new state is born! |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002001513/http://haryana-online.com/History/history_1966-.htm |archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref> The city of Chandigarh was made a [[union territory]], serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana.<ref>{{citation|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/haryana-will-get-chandigarh-punjab-can-claim-lahore-or-shimla-says-peeved-hooda/1/296302.html|title=Haryana will get Chandigarh, Punjab can claim Lahore or Shimla, says a peeved Hooda|date=25 July 2013|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024604/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/haryana-will-get-chandigarh-punjab-can-claim-lahore-or-shimla-says-peeved-hooda/1/296302.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[B. D. Sharma|Bhagwat Dayal Sharma]] became the first [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister of Haryana]].<ref>{{citation|title=List of Haryana Chief Ministers from November 1, 1966 till date|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/list-of-haryana-chief-ministers-from-november-1-1966-till-date|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=21 October 2014|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030051508/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/list-of-haryana-chief-ministers-from-november-1-1966-till-date/|archive-date=30 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=46,23,064|13=1911|14=41,74,677|15=1921|16=42,55,892|17=1931|18=45,59,917|19=1941|20=52,72,829|21=1951|22=56,73,597|23=1961|24=75,90,524|25=1971|26=1,00,36,431|27=1981|28=1,29,22,119|29=1991|30=1,64,63,648|31=2001|32=2,11,44,564|33=2011|34=2,53,51,462|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>|align=right}}
{{See also|List of people from Haryana}}
===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Haryana (2011)<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 87.46
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 7.03
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 4.91
|color3 = Darkkhaki
|label4 = [[Jainism]]
|value4 = 0.21
|color4 = Pink
|label5 = [[Christianity]]
|value5 = 0.20
|color5 = Blue
|label6 = [[Buddhism]]
|value6 = 0.03
|color6 = Gold
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.18
|color7 = Black
}}
According to the 2011 census, of the total population of 25,351,462 in Haryana, [[Hindu]]s (87.46%) constitute the majority of the state's population with [[Muslim]]s (7.03%) (mainly [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]]s) and [[Sikh]]s (4.91%) being the largest minorities.<ref name="census2011"/>
Muslims are mainly found in the [[Nuh district]]. Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and they mostly live in the districts adjoining [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], such as [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]], [[Jind district|Jind]], [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]], [[Kaithal district|Kaithal]], [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]] and [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]].<ref name=harsikh1>{{cite news|title=Haryana government announced the formation of rules to register Anand Karaj, the Sikh marriage ceremony|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html|access-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715040119/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=harsc1>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf | title=Census India 2001 | year=2001 | access-date=28 March 2013 | author=Govt. of India, Census | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113213432/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf | archive-date=13 November 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref>
===Languages===
{{Pie chart| thumb = right| caption = Languages of Haryana (2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX |title=Indian Census 2011 |access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112015624/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX |url-status=live }}</ref>
|label1=[[Hindi]] |value1=47.96 |color1=Orange
|label2=[[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] |value2=37.17 |color2=Red
|label3=[[Punjabi Language|Punjabi]] |value3=7.36  |color3=Pink
|label4=[[Bagri language|Bagri]] |value4=2.11  |color4=maroon
|label5=[[Mewati language|Mewati]] |value5=1.66 |color5=gold
|label6=[[Urdu]] |value6=1.48 |color6=Green
|Label7=Others |value7=1.28 |color7=purple
|label7=[[Baghati language|Baghati]]}}
The official language of Haryana is [[Hindi]].<ref name="2011lang">{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=4 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2016 |url-status=dead| page = 11}}</ref>
Several regional languages or dialects, often subsumed under Hindi, are spoken in the state. Predominant among them is [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] (also known as Bangru), whose territory encompasses the central and eastern portions of Haryana. [[Hindi|Hindi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] is spoken in the northeast, [[Bagri language|Bagri]] in the west, Deshwali in the East and [[Ahirwati]], [[Mewati language|Mewati]] and [[Braj Bhasha]] in the south.<ref name="Sharada1979">{{cite book|title=Hariyāṇā kī upabhāṣāeṃ|date=c. 1979|editor-last=Sharada|editor-first=Sadhu Ram|place=Chandigarh|publisher=Bhasha Vibhag|language=hi}}</ref>
There are also significant numbers of speakers of [[Urdu]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], the latter of which was recognised as the second official language of Haryana for government and administrative purposes in 2010.<ref name="2011lang"/><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105012411/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref> After the state's formation, Telugu was made the state's "second language" – to be taught in schools – but it was not the "second official language" for official communication. Due to a lack of students, the language ultimately stopped being taught.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhatia |first1=Varinder |title=Haryana's South connect: When it made Telugu second language in school |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/haryanas-south-connect-when-it-made-telugu-second-language-in-school-5570917/ |access-date=18 March 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=6 February 2019}}</ref> Tamil was made the second language in 1969 by [[Bansi Lal]] to show the state's differences with Punjab although there were no Tamil speakers in Haryana at the time.<ref name="DNA">{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-punjabi-edges-out-tamil-in-haryana-1356124|title=Punjabi edges out Tamil in Haryana|first=Ajay|last=Bharadwaj|date=7 March 2010|website=DNA India}}</ref> In 2010, due to the lack of Tamil speakers, the language was removed from its status.<ref name="DNA"/>
There are also some speakers of several major regional languages of neighbouring states or other parts of the subcontinent, like [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Mewari language|Mewari]], and [[Nepali language|Nepali]],<ref>Bengali and Bhojpuri are listed as they have more than 50,000 speakers each according to the 2011 census; the rest are included following Ethnologue (22nd edition).</ref> as well as smaller communities of speakers of languages that are dispersed across larger regions, like [[Bauria language|Bauria]], [[Bazigar language|Bazigar]], [[Gujari language|Gujari]], [[Gade Lohar language|Gade Lohar]], [[Oadki language|Oadki]], and [[Sansi language|Sansi]].<ref name="Ethnologue2019">{{cite web|editor-last1 = Eberhard| editor-first1 = David M.| editor-last2 = Simons| editor-first2 = Gary F.| editor-last3 =  Fennig| editor-first3 = Charles D.| year=2019|title=India – Languages|edition=22nd|website = Ethnologue|publisher=SIL International|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN/languages | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190401120331/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN/languages | archive-date = 1 April 2019}}</ref>
==Culture==
===Music===
{{Main|Music of Haryana}}
Haryana has its own unique traditional [[Music of Haryana|folk music]], [[List of Indian folk dances#Haryana|folk dances]], [[saang]] (folk theatre),<ref name=harcu2>Sachchidananda'' Encyclopaedic Profile of Indian Tribes'' Volume 1 - 1996 817141298X p416.</ref> [[Haryanvi cinema|cinema]],<ref name=harcu1>{{cite news|last=Bhatia|first=Sheveta|title=Second Innings|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/second-innings/661605/|access-date=17 March 2011|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=17 August 2010}}</ref> belief system such as [[Punjabi folk religion#Jathera|Jathera]] (ancestral worship),<ref name=harcu3>{{cite web|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|title=Journal of Punjab Studies - Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies - UC Santa Barbara|website=global.ucsb.edu|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213237/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=harcu4>A Glossary of the tribes & castes of Punjab by H. A Rose</ref> and arts such as [[Embroidery of India#Phulkari (Punjab and Haryana)|Phulkari]] and [[Embroidery of India#Shisha or Mirrorwork (Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan)|Shisha]] embroidery.<ref name=harcu4/>
====Folk dances====
Folk music and dances of Haryana are based on satisfying the cultural needs of primarily [[agrarian society|agrarian]] and [[martial race|martial nature]]s of Haryanavi tribes.<ref name=harmu3/>
Haryanvi musical folk theatre's main types are [[Saang]], [[Rasa lila]] and [[Raga#Rāga-Rāgini system|Ragini]]. The Saang and Ragini form of theatre was popularised by [[Lakhmi Chand]].<ref name=harmu3>Manorma Sharma, 2007, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8131300463 Musical Heritage of India], Page 65-125.</ref>
Haryanvi folk dances and music have fast energetic movements. Three popular categories of dance are festive-seasonal, devotional, and ceremonial-recreational. The festive-seasonal dances and songs are [[Gogaji]]/[[Gugga]], [[Holi]], [[Phalgun|Phaag]], [[Shravana|Sawan]], [[Teej]]. The devotional dances and songs are [[Chaupai (poetry)|Chaupaiya]], [[Holi]], [[Taal (instrument)|Manjira]], [[Rasa lila|Ras Leela]], [[Raga#Rāga-Rāgini system|Ragini]]s). The ceremonial-recreational dances and songs are of following types: legendary bravery ([[Punjabi Qisse|Kissa]] and [[Raga#Rāga-Rāgini system|Ragini]] of male warriors and female Satis), love and romance ([[Pungi|Been]] and its variant [[Nāginī]] dance, and [[Raga#Rāga-Rāgini system|Ragini]]), ceremonial ([[Chang dance|Dhamal Dance]], [[Ghoomar]], [[Jhumar|Jhoomar]] (male), Khoria, Loor, and [[Raga#Rāga-Rāgini system|Ragini]]).<ref name=harcu3/>
==== Folk music and songs ====
Haryanvi folk music is based on day-to-day themes and injecting earthly humour enlivens the feel of the songs.<ref name=harcu3/> Haryanvi music takes two main forms: "Classical folk music" and "Desi Folk music" (Country Music of Haryana),<ref name=harmu1/> and sung in the form of ballads and love, valor and bravery, harvest, happiness and pangs of the parting of lovers.<ref name=harmu3/><ref name=harmu1>S. C. Bhatt and Gopal K. Bhargava, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8178353652 Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: 21 Arts and Crafts of Haryana].</ref><ref name=harmu2>S. Gajrani, 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=818205060X History, Religion and Culture of India], Volume 1, Page 96.</ref>
=====Classical Haryanvi folk music=====
Classical Haryanvi folk music is based on [[Indian classical music]].<ref name=harmu1/> [[Hindustani classical raga]]s, learnt in [[gharana]] [[parampara]] of [[guru–shishya tradition]], are used to sing songs of heroic bravery (such as [[Alha-Khand]] (1163–1202 CE) about the bravery of [[Alha|Alha and Udal]], [[Jaimal Rathore|Jaimal]] and [[Patta Sisodia|Patta]] of Maharana [[Udai Singh II]]), [[Brahma]]s worship and festive seasonal songs (such as [[Teej]], [[Holi]] and [[Phalguna|Phaag songs of Phalgun month near Holi]]).<ref name=harmu1/><ref name=harmu2/> Bravery songs are sung in high pitch.<ref name=harmu3/>
=====Desi Haryanvi folk music=====
[[Desi]] Haryanvi folk music, is a form of Haryanvi music, based on [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)|Raag Bhairvi]], [[Bhairav (raga)|Raag Bhairav]], [[Kafi (raga)|Raag Kafi]], [[Jaijaivanti|Raag Jaijaivanti]], [[Jhinjhoti|Raag Jhinjhoti]] and [[Raga|Raag Pahadi]] and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, [[ballad]]s, [[Religious music|ceremonial songs]] (wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as [[Puran Bhagat]].<ref name=harmu1/><ref name=harmu2/> Relationship and songs celebrating love and life are sung in medium pitch. Ceremonial and religious songs are sung in low pitch.<ref name=harmu3/> Young girls and women usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship-related songs such as [[Phalguna|Phagan]] (song for eponymous season/month), [[Kartik (month)|Katak]] (songs for the eponymous season/month), [[Shraavana|Samman]] (songs for the eponymous season/month), {{lang|bgc-Latn|bande-bandi}} (male-female duet songs), {{lang|bgc-Latn|sathne}} (songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among female friends).<ref name=harmu3/> Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious songs) and ceremonial songs such as [[Bhajan]], Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of bride or groom by her brother), [[Punjabi wedding traditions#Sagai|Sagai]], [[Hindu wedding|Ban]] (Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding festivities starts), [[Childbirth in India|Kuan-Poojan]] (a custom that is performed to welcome the birth of a child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water), [[Sanjhi]] and Holi festival.<ref name=harmu3/>
===== Socially normative-cohesive impact =====
Music and dance for Haryanvi people is a way of lessening societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of their caste or status. These inter-caste songs are fluid in nature, and never personalised for any specific caste, and they are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, and dialects. These songs transform fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style can be seen in the adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs. Despite this continuous fluid transforming nature, Haryanvi songs have a distinct style of their own as explained above.<ref name=harmu3/>
With the coming up of a strongly socio-economic metropolitan culture in the emergence of urban Gurgaon Haryana is also witnessing community participation in public arts and city beautification. Several landmarks across Gurgaon are decorated with public murals and graffiti with cultural cohesive ideologies and stand the testimony of a lived sentiment in Haryana folk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Artists-give-Gurgaons-walls-a-makeover/articleshow/51552667.cms|title=Artists give Gurgaon's walls a makeover |date=25 March 2016|first=Pratyush |last=Patra |website=The Times of India|access-date=6 November 2019}}</ref>
===Cuisine===
{{see also|Cuisine of Haryana}}
As per a survey, 13% of males and 7.8% of females of Haryana are non-vegetarian.<ref>{{cite news |title=Most Indians are non-vegetarian, Southern and Northeastern states top the list: Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/most-indians-nonvegetarian-southern-northeastern-states-top-list-report/story/277456.html |access-date=12 August 2020 |work=Business Today |date=22 May 2018}}</ref> The [[Indian cuisine#Haryana|regional cuisine]] features the staples of [[roti]], [[saag]], [[Curry|vegetarian sabzi]] and milk products such as [[ghee]], milk, [[lassi]] and [[kheer]].<ref name=harfood1>[http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5491 Cuisine of Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204223020/http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5491 |date=4 December 2017 }}, [[Haryana Tourism]].</ref>
===Society===
[[Haryanvi people]] have a concept of inclusive society involving the ''"36 Jātis"'' or communities. Castes such as [[Jat]], [[Rajput]], [[Gurjar]], [[Saini]], [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]], [[Ahirs]], [[Ror]], [[Meo (ethnic group)|Mev]], [[Charan]], [[Bishnoi]], [[Harijan]], [[Aggarwal]], [[Brahmin]], [[Khatri]] and [[Tyagi]] are some of the notable of these 36 Jātis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sāṅgavāna |first1=Guṇapālasiṃha |title=Harayāṇavī lokagītoṃ kā sāṃskr̥tika adhyayana |date=1989 |publisher=Hariyāṇā Sāhitya Akādamī |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubI3AAAAIAAJ|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2017/IJRSS_NOVEMBER2017/IJMRA-12670.pdf|title= Social study the KhapPanchayats of Haryana: A Survey, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 11 |publisher= Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell's Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Mustard field near Chandigarh.jpg|thumb|A [[Mustard plant|mustard field]] in Haryana, near the state capital of [[Chandigarh]]]]
Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude.{{sfn|NIDM|p=2}} The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country.<ref name=agri/> The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600&nbsp;ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level.<ref>{{citation|title=Organizations|url=http://haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114182552/http://www.haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests.<ref name="harec1" /> [[Karoh Peak]], a {{convert|1467|m|ft|0|adj=on}} tall mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near [[Morni Hills]] area of Panchkula district, is the highest point in Haryana.<ref name = hillsofmorni>{{cite web |title= Hills of Morni |url= http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni |publisher= hillsofmorni.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061747/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni/ |archive-date= 14 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 27 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name = quickgs>{{cite web |title= Interesting Facts About Haryana |url= http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana/ |publisher= quickgs.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160312032245/http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana |archive-date= 12 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 7 May 2015 }}</ref><ref name = peakbagger>
  {{cite peakbagger| name = Karoh Peak |pid=53260| access-date = 24 March 2016}}</ref><ref name = uchicago>{{cite web | title= Gazetteer of India | url= https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | publisher= University of Chicago | access-date= 24 March 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160405214858/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | archive-date= 5 April 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the state sits atop the fertile [[Ghaggar River|Ghaggar Plain]], a subsection of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. Haryana  has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh.
===Plains and mountains===
Haryana has four main geographical features.{{sfn|NIDM|p=3}}
* The [[Yamuna]]-[[Ghaggar]] plain forming the largest part of the state is also called ''Delhi [[doab]]'' consists of ''Sutlej-Ghaggar doab'' (between Sutlej in the north of Punjab and the Ghaggar river flowing through northern Haryana), ''Ghaggar-Hakra doab'' (between Ghaggar river and [[Drishadvati river|Hakra]] or Drishadvati river which is the paleochannel of the holy [[Saraswati River]]) and ''Hakra-Yamuna doab'' (between Hakra river and Yamuna).
* The [[Shivalik Hills|Lower Shivalik Hills]] to the northeast in foothills of [[Himalaya]]
* The [[Bagar tract]] semi-desert dry sandy plain to the [[South Haryana|south]]-west. See also: [[Khadir and Bangar]].
* The [[Aravalli Range|Aravali Range]]'s northernmost low rise isolated non-continuous outcrops in the [[South Haryana|south]]
===Hydrography===
[[File:YamunaRiver.jpg|thumb|[[Yamuna]] river near the Haryana Border]]
The [[Yamuna]], a tributary of the [[Ganges]], flows along the state's eastern boundary.<ref>{{citation|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/river-saraswati-is-for-real-found-in-haryana_1591937.html|title=River Saraswati is for real, found in Haryana|work=Zee Nees|date=8 May 2015|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120040149/http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/river-saraswati-is-for-real-found-in-haryana_1591937.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
Northern Haryana has several northeast to west flowing rivers originating from the [[Sivalik Hills]] of [[Himalayas]], such as [[Ghaggar River|Ghaggar]] ([[palaeochannel]] of vedic [[Sarasvati river]]),<ref name="ref42refar">
{{cite book | title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5 | author1=Dale Hoiberg | author2=Indu Ramchandani | publisher=Popular Prakashan, 2000 | isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC | quote=... The Ghaggar River rises in the Shiwalik Range, northwestern [[Himachal Pradesh]] State, and flows about 320&nbsp;km southwest through Haryana State, where it receives the Saraswati River. Beyond the Otu Barrage, the Ghaggar River is known as the Hakra River which loses itself in the [[Thar Desert]]. Just southwest of Sirsa it feeds two irrigation canals that extend into [[Rajasthan]]. ... | year=2000 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206083034/https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC | archive-date=6 December 2017 | url-status=live}}
</ref> [[Chautang]] (paleochannel of vedic [[Drishadvati river]], tributary of the Ghagghar),<ref name="Ambala">{{cite web|url=http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala|title=Rivers in Ambala, Markanda River Ambala, Tangri River Ambala|website=ambalaonline.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165622/http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="IE1">{{cite news | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/ | newspaper=The Indian Express | title=Overflowing Ghaggar, Tangri inundate some villages along Punjab-Haryana border | first=Sanjeev | last=Chopra | date=25 September 2010 | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628231143/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/ | archive-date=28 June 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tangri river]] (tributary of the Ghagghar),<ref name="Ambala" /><ref name="IE1" /> [[Kaushalya river]] (tributary of the Ghagghar),<ref name="MH1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/|title=Kaushalya Dam|date=13 December 2012|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114024025/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/|archive-date=14 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Markanda river, Haryana|Markanda River]] (tributary of Ghagghar),<ref name="Ambala"/><ref name="IE1"/> [[Sarsuti]],<ref name="Ambala"/><ref name="IE1"/> [[Dangri]],<ref name="Ambala"/><ref name="IE1"/> [[Somb river]].<ref name="SombHar1">{{cite web|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm|title=HaryanaOnline - Geography of Haryana|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm|archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> Haryana's main seasonal river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the [[Ottu barrage]] and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage,<ref name="ref42refar"/> rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the [[Satluj]] and enters the state near [[Pinjore]] in the [[Panchkula district]], passes through [[Ambala]] and [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]], it reaches [[Bikaner]] in [[Rajasthan]] and runs for {{convert|460|km|abbr=on}} before disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan.<ref name=kurukshetra>{{citation|url=http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/AtAGlance/Rivers/index.htm|title=Geography- others|publisher=District Administration, Kurukshetra|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502082953/http://kurukshetra.nic.in/AtAGlance/Rivers/index.htm|archive-date=2 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The seasonal [[Markanda River, Haryana|Markanda River]], known as the ''Aruna'' in ancient times, originates from the lower Shivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of [[Ambala]], and swells into a raging torrent during monsoon is notorious for its devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar.<ref name=kurukshetra/>
Southern Haryana has several south-west to east flowing seasonal rivulets originating from the [[Aravalli Range]] in and around the hills in [[Mewat]] region, including [[Sahibi River]]<ref name=culture1>[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0391023586 Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar Śrivastava, 1981]. {{ISBN|0391023586}}</ref><ref name="Sahibi1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sahibi-river|title=Sahibi river|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201926/http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sahibi-river|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=AKjain>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PjJD61h8Q0C&q=sahibi+river&pg=PA41|title=River Pollution|first=A.K.|last=Jain|date=4 December 2017|publisher=APH Publishing|access-date=4 December 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9788131304631}}</ref><ref name=Dariba>[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=812460049X Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Archaeological evidence], Arun Kumar Biswas, Sulekha Biswas, University of Michigan. 1996. {{ISBN|812460049X}}.</ref> (called [[Najafgarh drain]] in Delhi),<ref name=najafpolluted1>{{cite web|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=138509|title=Latest News, Breaking News Live, Current Headlines, India News Online - The Indian Express|website=The Indian Express|access-date=4 December 2017}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name=najafpolluted2>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=118627 Environment Minister raises a stink over Najafgarh jheel]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, 22 February 2005, The Indian Express</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/najafgarh-basin-delhis-most-polluted-area/558870/ Najafgarh basin Delhi's most polluted area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119214020/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/najafgarh-basin-delhis-most-polluted-area/558870/ |date=19 January 2010 }}, 25 December 2009, The Indian Express</ref><ref name=najafpolluted3>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/pollution/28101026_1_industrial-clusters-industrial-hubs-najafgarh-drain Najafgarh drain 11th among highly polluted industrial clusters] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120701125350/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/pollution/28101026_1_industrial-clusters-industrial-hubs-najafgarh-drain |date=1 July 2012 }}, 25 December 2009, The [[Times of India]]</ref><ref name=najafpolluted4>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=191225Najafgarh drain causes less pollution in Yamuna now]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, 4 July 2006, The Indian Express</ref> [[Dohan river]] (tributary of Sahibi, originates at Mandoli village near [[Neem Ka Thana]] in [[Jhunjhunu district]] of [[Rajasthan]] and then disappears in Mahendragarh district),<ref name="Sahibi1"/><ref name=Dariba/> [[Krishnavati river]] (former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near [[Dariba, Rajasthan|Dariba]] and disappears in Mahendragarh district much before reaching Sahibi river)<ref name="Sahibi1"/><ref name=Dariba/> and [[Indori river]] (longest tributary of Sahibi River, originates in [[Sikar district]] of [[Rajasthan]] and flows to Rewari district of Haryana), these once were tributaries of the [[Drishadwati]]/[[Saraswati]] river.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |title=Geography of Haryana - Map, Shivaliks, Ghaggar, Yamuna, Saraswati, Morni - India |work=haryana-online.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |archive-date=1 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Haryana to meet Rajasthan over stopping of river waters|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Haryana-to-meet-Rajasthan-over-stopping-of-river-waters/articleshow/45399754.cms|work=The Times of India|author=Siwach, Sukhbir|date=7 December 2014|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205134642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Haryana-to-meet-Rajasthan-over-stopping-of-river-waters/articleshow/45399754.cms|archive-date=5 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Sudhir Bhargava,"Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati River is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati River", International Conference, 20–22 Nov 2009, "Saraswati-a perspective" pages 114–117, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana.</ref>
[[File:Kaushalya Dam.jpg|thumb|[[Kaushalya Dam]]]]
Major canals are [[Western Yaumna Canal|Western Yamuna Canal]],<ref name="WYC">{{cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Western_Yamuna_Canal_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI01653|title=Western Yamuna Canal Major Irrigation Project JI01653 -|website=india-wris.nrsc.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165614/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Western_Yamuna_Canal_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI01653|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="india.gov.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207085128/http://india.gov.in/sectors/water_resources/sutlej_link.php|url-status=dead|title=National Portal of India|archive-date=7 February 2009|website=india.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=obs1>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rmar2003/04032003/r040320035.html|title=PIB Press Releases|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301205001/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rmar2003/04032003/r040320035.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sutlej Yamuna link canal]] (from [[Sutlej]] river tributary of [[Indus]]),<ref name="india.gov.in"/><ref name=obs1/> and [[Indira Gandhi Canal]].<ref name=igc1>Ramtanu Maitra: The Indira Gandhi Canal: greening the desert in India EIR Volume 14, Number 7, 13 February 1987</ref>
Major dams are [[Kaushalya Dam]] in Panchkula district,<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/ | title=Kaushalya Dam | publisher=Hills of Morni | date=13 December 2012 | access-date=14 June 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523064947/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/ | archive-date=23 May 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hathnikund Barrage]]<ref name="WYC"/><ref name=hath1>{{cite web|last=Tak|first=Prakash C.|author2=Jagdish P. Sati|author3=Anjum N. Rizvi|title=Status of waterbirds at Hathnikund Barrage wetland, Yamunanagar District, Haryana, India|date=April 2010|volume=2|issue=4|pages=841|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf|access-date=10 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317104520/http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2012}}</ref> and [[Tajewala Barrage]] on Yamuna in Yamunanagar district,<ref name="WYC"/><ref name="hath1" /><ref name="Haberman2006">{{cite book|last=Haberman|first=David L.|title=River of love in an age of pollution: the Yamuna River of northern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63uDsPPr48gC&pg=PA78|access-date=2 June 2011|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24789-5|page=78}}</ref> [[Pathrala barrage]] on Somb river in Yamunanagar district,<ref name="WYC"/><ref name="Haberman2006"/> ancient [[Anagpur Dam]] near Surajkund in Faridabad district,<ref name=Peck>{{cite book |last=Peck |first=Lucy |title=Delhi - A thousand years of Building |work=Suraj Kund dam and Surajkund tank |page=29 |publisher=Roli Books Pvt Ltd. |location=New Delhi |year=2005 |isbn=81-7436-354-8 |url=https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm |access-date=5 September 2009 |quote=One of the two significant structures in the area, the dam lies about {{cvt|1|km|disp=sqbr}} to the north of the Anangpur village. A path from the main village street will lead you in to flat pastureland. Head for the small rocky hill ahead of you and climb over it. On the other side is another flat area, rather thickly covered in thorn trees. It is worth finding a way through them to the dam that straddles the gap between the two nearby hills. The dam is an impressive edifice {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} wide and {{convert|7|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} high built from accurately hewn quartzite blocks.---There is a passage for the egress of water at the level of the ground on the dammed side. The flat land across which you have walked is clearly caused by centuries of silt deposits in the lake that once existed behind this dam. The land around has been vwey heavily quarried recently, so further archaeological finds are unlikely. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060312215021/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm |archive-date=12 March 2006 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name= Mohan>{{cite web|url=http://www.isprs.org/congresses/istanbul2004/comm5/papers/676.pdf|title= Spatial Data Modeling in GIS for Historical Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Seven Cities of Delhi|author=Madan Mohan|access-date=7 September 2009|publisher=Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi, India}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> and [[Ottu barrage]] on Ghaggar-Hakra River in Sirsa district.<ref name="ref36hahor">{{Citation | title=Imperial gazetteer of India | author=Sir William Wilson Hunter, India Office | publisher=Clarendon Press, 1908 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUAKAQAAIAAJ | quote=... It was agreed between the British Government and the State of Bikaner that the Dhanur lake, about 8 miles from Sirsa, should be converted into a reservoir by the construction of a masonry weir at Otu ... two canals, the northern and southern ... constructed with famine labor in 1896-7 ... 6.3 lakhs, of which 2.8 lakhs was debited to Bikaner ... | year=1908 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929213116/http://books.google.com/books?id=iUAKAQAAIAAJ | archive-date=29 September 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="indexp2002ysf">{{Citation | title=Tau here, Tau there, Tau everywhere | author=Mukesh Bhardwaj | date=7 April 2002 | access-date=28 November 2010 | newspaper=The Indian Express| url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/449/ | quote=... The prestigious Panipat Thermal Plant was named after Devi Lal, as was the new tourist complex at Ottu weir in Sirsa ...}}</ref><ref name="jagran2010kfa">{{Citation | title=बस साल भर बाद खेतों की प्यास बुझाएगी ओटू झील (Ottu reservoir will begin quenching the thirst of fields in only a year) | date=27 May 2010 | access-date=28 November 2010 | newspaper=Dainik Jagran | url=http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/haryana/4_6_6421654.html | quote=''... किसानों की समस्या से निजात दिलाने में सहायक ओटू झील की याद बरबस किसानों व सिंचाई विभाग को आना लाज़िमी है। सिंचाई विभाग ने किसानों के हित को ध्यान में रखते हुए झील की खुदाई की गति तेज़ कर दी है (it is obvious that the suffering farmers and the irrigation department would look to the Ottu reservoir. Mindful of the farmers' interests, the irrigation department has accelerated the work to deepen Ottu reservoir) ...'' | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050310/http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/haryana/4_6_6421654.html | archive-date=26 July 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
Major lakes are Dighal Wetland, [[Basai Wetland]], [[Badkhal Lake]] in Faridabad,<ref name=badkhal1>{{cite web|title=Badkhal |url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/badkhal.asp |publisher=Haryana Tourism, Government of Haryana |access-date=18 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302053727/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/badkhal.asp |archive-date=2 March 2014 }}</ref><ref name=badkhal2>
{{cite magazine| title = Delhi's water bodies face threat of extinction| magazine = India Today| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-water-bodies-extinct-mcd-delhi-parks-and-lakes-society/1/346248.html| date = 1 March 2014| access-date = 18 March 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107153406/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-water-bodies-extinct-mcd-delhi-parks-and-lakes-society/1/346248.html| archive-date = 7 November 2017| url-status=live}}
</ref> holy [[Brahma Sarovar]]<ref name=kurudist3>{{cite news|title=Lakhs take dip in Brahma Sarovar on Occasion of Solar Eclipse|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/29/lakhs-take-dip-in-brahma-sarovar-on-occasion-of-solar-eclipse-1143642694.html|access-date=25 October 2014|agency=United News of IndiaI|publisher=oneindia.in|date=29 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025190607/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/29/lakhs-take-dip-in-brahma-sarovar-on-occasion-of-solar-eclipse-1143642694.html|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=kurudist4>{{cite news|last1=Dutt|first1=K.G.|title=Three hundred thousand take holy dip|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug23/head2.htm|access-date=25 October 2014|newspaper=The Tribune India|date=23 August 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025191427/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug23/head2.htm|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Sannihit Sarovar]] in Kurukshetra,<ref name=kurudist1>{{cite web | title = Religious Places in Kurukshetra - Brahma Sarovar | publisher = Kurukshetra district website | url = http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/010-brahmsarovar/index.htm#top | access-date = 8 August 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140729232051/http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/010-brahmsarovar/index.htm#top | archive-date = 29 July 2014 | url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Blue Bird Lake]] in Hisar,<ref name=blue1>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/vets-screen-geese-shut-hisar-s-bluebird-lake/21336.html|title=Title: The Tribune - Hisar Bluebird lake, Published 23 December 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2016|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821173905/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/vets-screen-geese-shut-hisar-s-bluebird-lake/21336.html|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=blue2>{{cite web|url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/bluebird.asp|title=Blue Bird (Hisar)|date=11 October 2011|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011073014/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/bluebird.asp|archive-date=11 October 2011}}</ref> [[Damdama Lake]] at [[Sohna]] in Gurgram district,<ref name=dum1>[http://www.damdamalake.com Damdama lake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127151930/http://www.damdamalake.com/ |date=27 November 2018 }}, official website.</ref><ref name=dum2>Rajiv Tiwari, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FBRYCgAAQBAJ&dq=damdama+lake&pg=PT117 "Delhi A Travel Guide"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110551/https://books.google.com/books?id=FBRYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT117&dq=damdama+lake#v=onepage&q=damdama%20lake |date=27 November 2018 }}, {{ISBN|9798128819703}}.</ref> [[Hathni Kund]] in Yamunanagar district,<ref name="WYC"/><ref name=hath1/> [[Karna Lake]] at Karnal,<ref name=karna1>Page 153, Tourism: Theory, Planning, and Practice, By K.K. Karma, Krishnan K. Kamra, Published 1997, Indus Publishing, {{ISBN|81-7387-073-X}}</ref> ancient [[Surajkund]] in [[Faridabad]],<ref name=Peck/><ref name=Sharma>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Y.D |title=Delhi and its Neighbourhood |page=100 in 161 |work=Surjakund and Anagpur Dam |access-date=5 September 2009 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |location=New Delhi |year=2001 |url=http://www.indiaclub.com/Shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780 |quote=Page 100: Suraj Kund lies about 3&nbsp;km south-east of Tughlaqabad in district Gurgaon---The reservoir is believed to have been constructed in the tenth century by King Surjapal of Tomar dynasty, whose existence is based on Bardic tradition. Page 101: About 2&nbsp;km south-west of Surajkund, close to the village of Anagpur (also called Arangpur is a dam ascribed to Anagpal of the Tomar Dynasty, who is also credited with building the [[Lal Kot]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831215230/http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780 |archive-date=31 August 2005 }}</ref><ref name=suraj>{{cite web |url= http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_haryana_surajkund.asp |title= Ticketed Monuments – Haryana: Suraj Kund |access-date= 5 September 2009 |publisher= National Informatics Centre, Government of India |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091011023435/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_haryana_surajkund.asp |archive-date= 11 October 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Tilyar Lake]] in Rohtak.<ref name=til>Page 149, ''India: A Travel Guide'', By B.R. Kishore, published 2001, Diamond Pocket Books (P) Limited, {{ISBN|81-284-0067-3}}</ref><ref name=til4>{{cite web|url=http://cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf|title=List of zoos who have submitted their master plan|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054343/http://www.cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=til5>{{cite web|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|title=Protected Area|website=haryanaforest.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The ''Haryana State Waterbody Management Board'' is responsible for the rejuvenation of 14,000 [[Johad#Johads of Haryana|johads of Haryana]] and up to 60 lakes in [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] falling within the Haryana state.<ref name=HarWater1>[http://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/haryana-to-develop-50-60-small-lakes-water-bodies-in-ncr-manohar-lal-khattar-4918316/ "Haryana to develop 50-60 small lakes, water bodies in NCR: Manohar Lal Khattar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107062251/http://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/haryana-to-develop-50-60-small-lakes-water-bodies-in-ncr-manohar-lal-khattar-4918316/ |date=7 November 2017 }}, [[Indian Express]], 1 November 2017.</ref><ref name=HarWater2>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-to-constitute-pond-management-authority-117110101271_1.html "Haryana to constitute pond management authority "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003731/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-to-constitute-pond-management-authority-117110101271_1.html |date=7 November 2017 }}, [[Business Standard]], 1 November 2017.</ref>
The only [[hot spring]] in Haryana is the [[Sohna#Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring|Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring]] at [[Sohna]] in Gurgaon district.<ref name=trib200>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/haryana.htm#2 "Sohna Hot Spring."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104211236/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/haryana.htm#2 |date=4 November 2017 }}, The Tribune.</ref><ref name=HT1>{{cite web|url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5617&serviceid=39|title=Hotel Detail - Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited.|website=haryanatourism.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213152258/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5617&serviceid=39|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tosham Hill range]] has several [[Tosham Hill range#Sacred Sulphur Ponds of Tosham Hill|sacred sulphur ponds]] of religious significance that are revered for the healing impact of [[sulphur]], such as ''Pandu Teerth Kund'', ''Surya Kund'', ''Kukkar Kund'', ''Gyarasia Kund'' or ''Vyas Kund''.<ref name=toshamsulfur1>2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=MvAdAQAAMAAJ&q=sulphur+tosham "Records, Volume 135, Part 1."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110452/https://books.google.com/books?id=MvAdAQAAMAAJ&q=sulphur+tosham&dq=sulphur+tosham |date=27 November 2018 }}, [[Geological Survey of India]], Page 144.</ref>
Seasonal waterfalls include [[Morni#Tikkar Taal|Tikkar Taal twin lakes]] at [[Morni|Morni hiills]], [[Dhosi Hill]] in Mahendragarh district and [[Pali village]] on the outskirts of Faridabad.
===Climate===
Haryana is hot in summer at around {{convert|45|C}} and mild in winter. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and January.<ref name="autogenerated3" /> The climate is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 354.5&nbsp;mm. Around 29% of rainfall is received during the months from July to September as a result of the [[monsoon]], and the remaining rainfall is received during the period from December to February as a result of the [[Western Disturbance|western disturbance]].<ref name=agri>{{citation|title=Home|url=http://agriharyana.nic.in|publisher=Department of Agriculture (Haryana)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023236/http://agriharyana.nic.in/|archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>{{Weather box
| location = Gurgaon (1981–2010, extremes 1965–2000)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 28.0
| Feb record high C = 33.5
| Mar record high C = 39.5
| Apr record high C = 44.8
| May record high C = 49.0
| Jun record high C = 47.5
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 41.0
| Sep record high C = 41.2
| Oct record high C = 39.3
| Nov record high C = 38.4
| Dec record high C = 32.5
| year record high C = 49.0
| Jan high C = 20.7
| Feb high C = 23.7
| Mar high C = 29.6
| Apr high C = 36.6
| May high C = 40.2
| Jun high C = 39.8
| Jul high C = 35.5
| Aug high C = 34.0
| Sep high C = 34.1
| Oct high C = 32.8
| Nov high C = 28.3
| Dec high C = 23.1
| year high C = 31.5
| Jan low C = 6.4
| Feb low C = 8.8
| Mar low C = 13.5
| Apr low C = 19.1
| May low C = 24.1
| Jun low C = 26.5
| Jul low C = 26.4
| Aug low C = 25.6
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 17.3
| Nov low C = 11.3
| Dec low C = 7.0
| year low C = 17.5
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = 0.7
| Mar record low C = 3.7
| Apr record low C = 9.2
| May record low C = 14.8
| Jun record low C = 12.0
| Jul record low C = 21.0
| Aug record low C = 15.5
| Sep record low C = 13.9
| Oct record low C = 9.3
| Nov record low C = 2.6
| Dec record low C = -0.4
| year record low C = -0.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 15.0
| Feb rain mm = 21.4
| Mar rain mm = 12.3
| Apr rain mm = 18.2
| May rain mm = 34.3
| Jun rain mm = 57.3
| Jul rain mm = 171.4
| Aug rain mm = 190.7
| Sep rain mm = 93.8
| Oct rain mm = 12.0
| Nov rain mm = 10.7
| Dec rain mm = 9.9
| year rain mm = 657.0
| Jan rain days = 1.2
| Feb rain days = 1.6
| Mar rain days = 1.2
| Apr rain days = 1.1
| May rain days = 2.2
| Jun rain days = 3.6
| Jul rain days = 7.6
| Aug rain days = 8.3
| Sep rain days = 4.6
| Oct rain days = 1.0
| Nov rain days = 0.8
| Dec rain days = 0.8
| year rain days = 34.2
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 45
| Mar humidity = 37
| Apr humidity = 28
| May humidity = 31
| Jun humidity = 40
| Jul humidity = 63
| Aug humidity = 69
| Sep humidity = 59
| Oct humidity = 45
| Nov humidity = 47
| Dec humidity = 55
|year humidity = 48
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>{{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf| archive-date = 5 February 2020| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf| title = Station: Gurgaon Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010| publisher = India Meteorological Department| date = January 2015| pages = 305–306| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf| archive-date = 5 February 2020| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)| publisher = India Meteorological Department| date = December 2016| page = M64| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Weather box
| location = Rohtak (1981–2010, extremes 1967–2012)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 30.4
| Feb record high C = 33.6
| Mar record high C = 40.0
| Apr record high C = 45.0
| May record high C = 46.8
| Jun record high C = 47.2
| Jul record high C = 44.9
| Aug record high C = 41.3
| Sep record high C = 40.5
| Oct record high C = 39.4
| Nov record high C = 37.0
| Dec record high C = 30.3
| year record high C = 47.2
| Jan high C = 20.5
| Feb high C = 24.0
| Mar high C = 29.7
| Apr high C = 36.9
| May high C = 39.9
| Jun high C = 39.6
| Jul high C = 36.2
| Aug high C = 34.4
| Sep high C = 34.6
| Oct high C = 33.6
| Nov high C = 29.0
| Dec high C = 23.6
| year high C = 31.8
| Jan low C = 6.9
| Feb low C = 9.7
| Mar low C = 14.4
| Apr low C = 20.0
| May low C = 24.9
| Jun low C = 26.6
| Jul low C = 26.9
| Aug low C = 26.0
| Sep low C = 24.1
| Oct low C = 18.2
| Nov low C = 11.9
| Dec low C = 7.5
| year low C = 18.1
| Jan record low C = -0.5
| Feb record low C = 0.2
| Mar record low C = 2.0
| Apr record low C = 10.4
| May record low C = 10.5
| Jun record low C = 19.0
| Jul record low C = 19.4
| Aug record low C = 21.1
| Sep record low C = 15.0
| Oct record low C = 8.3
| Nov record low C = 2.9
| Dec record low C = 0.0
| year record low C = -0.5
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 14.0
| Feb rain mm = 16.6
| Mar rain mm = 10.7
| Apr rain mm = 14.2
| May rain mm = 34.8
| Jun rain mm = 66.5
| Jul rain mm = 150.8
| Aug rain mm = 192.4
| Sep rain mm = 76.4
| Oct rain mm = 12.8
| Nov rain mm = 2.2
| Dec rain mm = 5.5
| year rain mm = 597.0
| Jan rain days = 1.2
| Feb rain days = 1.6
| Mar rain days = 1.3
| Apr rain days = 1.0
| May rain days = 2.1
| Jun rain days = 3.4
| Jul rain days = 6.9
| Aug rain days = 6.5
| Sep rain days = 3.6
| Oct rain days = 0.7
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.6
| year rain days = 29.2
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 60
| Feb humidity = 50
| Mar humidity = 43
| Apr humidity = 27
| May humidity = 29
| Jun humidity = 42
| Jul humidity = 64
| Aug humidity = 70
| Sep humidity = 59
| Oct humidity = 47
| Nov humidity = 51
| Dec humidity = 57
|year humidity = 50
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals />
<ref name=IMDextremes />
}}
===Flora and fauna===
{| class="toccolours" style="margin:1em; float:right; width:25%;"
|+ '''State symbols of Haryana'''
|-
| '''Formation day'''
| 1 November (Day of <br />separation from Punjab)
|-
| '''State mammal'''
| [[Black buck]]<ref name="wiisymbols">{{cite web|url=http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/state_animals_tree_flowers.pdf|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070615001645/http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/state_animals_tree_flowers.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2007|title=State animals, birds, trees and flowers|publisher=Wildlife Institute of India|access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| '''State bird'''
| [[Black francolin]]
|-
| '''State tree'''
| [[Peepal]]<ref name="wiisymbols"/>
|-
| '''State flower'''
| [[Lotus (genus)|Lotus]]<ref name="wiisymbols"/>
|}
====Forests====
Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) and the Tree Cover in the state was 2.90% (1282&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%.<ref>{{citation|title=Welcome To Our Website|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/HomeContent1.aspx|publisher=Haryana Forest Department|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327010800/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/HomeContent1.aspx|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016–17, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by planting 14.1&nbsp;million seedlings.<ref name="harec1" /> Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state. During the [[monsoon]], a carpet of grass covers the hills. [[Mulberry]], [[eucalyptus]], pine, kikar, [[shisham]] and babul are some of the trees found here. The species of [[fauna]] found in the state of Haryana include [[black buck]], [[nilgai]], [[Leopard|panther]], [[fox]], [[mongoose]], [[jackal]] and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here.<ref>{{citation|title=Flora and Fauna|url=http://www.knowmyindia.com/haryana/gurgaon/sultanpur-national-park/flora-and-fauna.html|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101032538/http://www.knowmyindia.com/haryana/gurgaon/sultanpur-national-park/flora-and-fauna.html|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Conservation of Wildlife|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/conservation.aspx|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327013117/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/conservation.aspx|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/fauna.htm |title=Fauna of Haryana |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202230620/http://haryana-online.com/fauna.htm |archive-date=2 December 2015 }}</ref>
===={{anchor | Protected wildlife areas of Haryana }} Wildlife====
[[File:Watercock (41632546090).jpg|thumb|Watercock]]
{{see also|List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India}}
Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife conservation areas, four animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three zoos, all of which are managed by the Haryana Forest Department of the Government of Haryana.<ref>{{citation|title=Parks, Reserves and Other Protected Areas in Haryana|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|access-date=11 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Protected Area|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|publisher=haryanaforest.gov.in|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sultanpur National Park is a notable Park located in Gurgaon District
===Environmental and ecological issues===
{{see also|Air pollution in India}}
[[Haryana Environment Protection Council]] is the advisory committee and the Department of Environment, Haryana is the department responsible for the administration of the environment. Areas of Haryana surrounding [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]] are the most polluted. During the [[smog]] of November 2017, the [[air quality index]] of [[Gurgaon]] and [[Faridabad]] showed that the density of [[Particulates|fine particulates]] (2.5 [[Micrometre|μm]] diameter) was an average a score of 400 and the monthly average of Haryana was 60. Other sources of pollution are [[exhaust gas]]es from old vehicles, [[Crusher|stone crushers]] and brick kilns. Haryana has 7.5&nbsp;million vehicles, of which 40% are old, more polluting vehicles, and 500,000 new vehicles are added every year. Other majorly polluted cities are [[Bhiwani]], [[Bahadurgarh]], [[Dharuhera]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] and [[Yamunanagar]].<ref name=harenv1>[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fnews%2Fnational-air-pollution-effect-from-punjab-to-patna-17024258.html "From Punjab to Patna pollution spreads."], [[Dainik Jagran]], 12 November 2017.</ref>
==Administration==
{{main | Administrative divisions of Haryana }}
===Divisions===
[[File:Haryana_Wahlkreise_Lok_Sabha.svg|thumb|Ten [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in Haryana]]
{{See also|List of cities in Haryana by population}}
The state is divided into 6 revenue divisions, 5 [[Police ranks and insignia of India#State police forces and their structure|Police Ranges]] and 3 [[Police ranks and insignia of India#State police forces and their structure|Police Commissionerates]] (c. January 2017).<ref name=harD1>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/haryana-re-organises-administrative-units.html Reorganisation of Haryana divisions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229231507/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/haryana-re-organises-administrative-units.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, Daily Pioneer, 3 January 2017.</ref><ref name=reddiv1>[http://www.uniindia.com/haryana-approves-to-create-two-new-revenue-divisions/states/news/768930.html Haryana approves to create two new revenue divisions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172428/http://www.uniindia.com/haryana-approves-to-create-two-new-revenue-divisions/states/news/768930.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, 2 February 2017.</ref><ref name=reddiv2>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/authority-set-up-to-rejig-administrative-units-across-haryana/articleshow/56302722.cms Authority set up to rejig administrative units across Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229183401/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/authority-set-up-to-rejig-administrative-units-across-haryana/articleshow/56302722.cms |date=29 December 2017 }}, Times of India, 3 January 2017.</ref><ref name=reddiv3>[https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170202/3048081.html Haryana approves to create two new revenue divisions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172256/https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170202/3048081.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, Web India, 2 February 2017.</ref> [[Divisions of Haryana#Revenue divisions|Six revenue divisions]] are: [[Ambala Division|Ambala]], [[Rohtak Division|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon Division|Gurgaon]], [[Hisar Division|Hisar]], [[Karnal division|Karnal]] and [[Faridabad division|Faridabad]].<ref name=harD1/> Haryana has 11 [[Municipal Corporations in India|municipal corporations]] (Gurgaon, Faridabad, Ambala, Panchkula, Yamunanagar, Rohtak, Hisar, Panipat, Karnal, Sonepat, and Manesar<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 December 2021|title=One year later, Municipal Corporation of Manesar battling transfer of amenities|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/one-year-later-municipal-corporation-of-manesar-battling-transfer-of-amenities-101640287094252.html|access-date=24 February 2022|work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>), 18 municipal councils and 52 [[Nagar Palika|municipalities]].<ref name=MC1>[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fgurgaon-municipal-tax-increase-17339518.html Municipal taxes will be sanctioned to the weak bodies of the state], [https://www.jagran.com/haryana/gurgaon-municipal-tax-increase-17339518.html Dainik Jagran news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119060632/https://www.jagran.com/haryana/gurgaon-municipal-tax-increase-17339518.html |date=19 January 2018 }}</ref>
Within these, there are 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 blocks, 154 cities and towns, 6,848 villages, 6,226 villages panchayats and numerous smaller [[Dhani (settlement type)|dhani]]s.{{sfn|NIDM|p=4}}
===Districts===
{{Main|List of districts of Haryana}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
!  Divisions !!  Districts
|-
| [[Ambala division|Ambala]] || [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]], [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]], [[Yamuna Nagar district|Yamuna Nagar]]
|-
|[[Faridabad division|Faridabad]] || [[Faridabad]], [[Palwal]], [[Nuh district|Nuh]]
|-
| [[Gurgaon division|Gurgaon]] || [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]], [[Rewari district|Rewari]],
|-
| [[Hisar division|Hisar]] || [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]], [[Jind district|Jind]], [[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]],
|-
| [[Rohtak division|Rohtak]] ||  [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]], [[Charkhi Dadri]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Sonipat district|Sonipat]], [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]]{{sfn|NIDM|p=3}}
|-
| [[Karnal division|Karnal]] || [[Karnal]], [[Panipat]], [[Kaithal]]
|}
===Law and order===
The [[Haryana Police]] force is the law enforcement agency of Haryana. [[Divisions of Haryana#Police ranges|Five Police Ranges]] are Ambala, Hissar, Karnal, Rewari and Rohtak.<ref name=range1>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/haryana-establishes-five-police-ranges-117011601376_1.html Haryana establishes five police ranges] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229232024/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/haryana-establishes-five-police-ranges-117011601376_1.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, business Standard, 16 January 2017.</ref> [[Divisions of Haryana#Police commissionerates|Three Police Commissionerates]] are Faridabad, Gurgaon and Panchkula.<ref name=harD1/> Cybercrime investigation cell is based in Gurgaon's Sector 51.<ref>{{citation |title=Haryana Police |url=http://haryanapoliceonline.gov.in |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811060318/http://haryanapoliceonline.gov.in/ |archive-date=11 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The highest judicial authority in the state is the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]], with the next higher right of appeal being to the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Haryana uses an e-filing facility.<ref>{{citation |title=HC starts e-filing, gets Wi-Fi complex |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/courts/hc-starts-e-filing-gets-wi-fi-complex/13112.html |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=1 December 2014 |location=Chandigarh |agency=Tribune News Service |access-date=24 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023012/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/courts/hc-starts-e-filing-gets-wi-fi-complex/13112.html |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
===Governance and e-governance===
{{See also | List of Chief Ministers of Haryana | Haryana Legislative Assembly | List of constituencies of Haryana Legislative Assembly | List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Haryana (10) | Political families of Haryana | label 1 = CMs | label 2 = Assembly | label 3 =  Assembly constituencies | label 4 =  Lok Sabha constituencies | label 5 = Political dynasties }}
The [[Common Service Centres]] (CSCs) have been upgraded in all districts to offer hundreds of e-services to citizens, including applications for new water and sanitation connections, electricity bill collection, ration card member registration, the result of [[Haryana Board of School Education|HBSE]], admit cards for board examinations, online admission forms for government colleges, long route booking of buses, admission forms for [[Kurukshetra University]] and [[Haryana Urban Development Authority|HUDA]] plots status inquiry.<ref name = "Express">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-campaign-panchkula-comes-out-on-top-among-all-districts-of-haryana|title=Digital India campaign: Panchkula comes out on top among all districts of Haryana|date=26 December 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316045224/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-campaign-panchkula-comes-out-on-top-among-all-districts-of-haryana/|archive-date=16 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Haryana has become the first state to implement [[Aadhaar]]-enabled birth registration in all the districts.<ref name=Express/> Thousands of all traditional offline state and central government services are also available [[24/7 service|24/7 online]] through single unified [[UMANG]] app and portal as part of [[Digital India]] initiative.<ref name=umang1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/government-unveils-umang-app-for-citizen-services/articleshow/61769676.cms "Government unveils Umang app for citizen services."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417000928/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/government-unveils-umang-app-for-citizen-services/articleshow/61769676.cms |date=17 April 2018 }}, Economic Times, 23 November 2017.</ref><ref name=umang4>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-s-umang-app-finally-sees-the-light-of-the-day-all-you-need-to-know-117112300381_1.html "Govt's Umang app finally sees the light of the day: All you need to know."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031928/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-s-umang-app-finally-sees-the-light-of-the-day-all-you-need-to-know-117112300381_1.html |date=1 December 2017 }}, [[Business Standard]], 23 November 2017.</ref>
==Economy==
[[File:Sahara Mall Gurgaon.jpg|thumb|A Shopping Mall in Gurgaon]]
{{Main | Economy of Haryana | List of special economic zones in India#Haryana | l2 = SEZs in Haryana | Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation | l3 =  HSIDC estates  | List of companies based in Gurgaon | l4 = Companies in Gurugram | Tourism in Haryana }}
Haryana's [[list of Indian states and union territories by GDP|14th placed]] 12.96% 2012-17 [[compound annual growth rate|CAGR]]<ref name=harec2>[https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006154831/https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation |date=6 October 2018 }}, [[India Brand Equity Foundation]], Nov 2017.</ref> estimated a 2017-18 GSDP of US$95&nbsp;billion<ref name="harec1"/> split into 52% [[Service economy|services]], 30% [[Industrial sector|industries]] and 18% [[Agriculture in India|agriculture]].<ref name="harec1">{{cite web|title=Haryana State Budget 2017-18|url=http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|website=Haryana Finance Dept|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822065346/http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The services sector is split across 45% in real estate and financial and professional services, 26% trade and [[Tourism in Haryana|hospitality]], 15% state and central government employees, and 14% transport and logistics & warehousing.<ref name="harec1" /> In [[IT]] services, [[Gurgaon]] ranks first in India in growth rate and existing technology infrastructure, and second in [[startup ecosystem]], innovation and livability (Nov 2016).<ref name=harec3>[http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities-survey-2016/ India's Top 12 Tech Cities: Digital Indian Cities Survey, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042008/http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities-survey-2016/ |date=5 December 2017 }}, CEOWORLD magazine, Nov 2016.</ref>
The industrial sector is split across 69% manufacturing, 28% construction, 2% utilities and 1% mining.<ref name="harec1" /> In industrial manufacturing, Haryana produces 67% of passenger cars, 60% of motorcycles, 50% of tractors and 50% of the refrigerators in India.<ref name="harec1"/>
The service and industrial sectors are boosted by 7 operational [[special economic zone|SEZ]]s and an additional 23 formally approved SEZs (20 already notified and 3 in-principal approval) that are mostly spread along the [[Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project|Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor]], [[Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor]] and [[Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway|Western Peripheral Expressway]].<ref name="harec1"/>
The agricultural sector is split across 93% crops and livestock, 4% commercial forestry and logging, and 2% fisheries.<ref name="harec1" /> Although Haryana has less than 1.4% of the total area of India, it contributes 15% of food grains to the [[Public distribution system|central food security public distribution system]],<ref name="harec1" /> and makes up 7% of total national agricultural exports, including 60% of total national [[basmati]] rice exports.<ref name="harec1"/>
=== Agriculture ===
====Crops====
[[File:Green farms of Jats in Haryana.jpg|thumb|Green farms in Haryana]]
Haryana is traditionally an [[agrarian society]] of [[zamindar]]s (owner-cultivator farmers). About 70% of Haryana's residents are engaged in agriculture.<ref>{{cite report|title= Report on Haryana Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare| url= https://www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/reports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.pdf| publisher= Indian Council of Food and Welfare| page=2}}</ref> The [[Green Revolution in India|Green Revolution in Haryana]] of the 1960s<ref name="about IARI"/> combined with the completion of [[Bhakra Dam]] in 1963<ref name=bdam1>{{cite web|title=Bhakra Dam Will Be Engineering Marvel|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19550904&printsec=frontpage|work=The Indian Express|access-date=11 April 2017|page=13|date=4 September 1955}}</ref> and [[Western Yamuna Canal#Western Yamuna Command Network|Western Yamuna Command Network]] canal system in 1970s resulted in the significantly increased food grain production.<ref name="about IARI">{{cite web|title=About IARI|url=http://www.iari.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161&Itemid=1730|website=IARI|access-date=11 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316004157/http://iari.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161&Itemid=1730|archive-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, Haryana is self sufficient in food production  and the second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains <ref>{{cite report|title= Report on Haryana Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare| url= https://www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/reports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.pdf| publisher= Indian Council of Food and Welfare| page=2}}</ref>
In 2015–2016, Haryana produced the following principal crops: 13,352,000 [[tonne|tonnes]] of [[wheat]], 4,145,000 tonnes of [[basmati|rice]], 7,169,000 tonnes of [[sugarcane]], 993,000 tonnes of [[cotton]] and 855,000 tonnes of [[oilseeds]] ([[mustard seed]], [[sunflower]], etc.).
==== Fruits, vegetables and spices ====
Vegetable production was: [[potato]] 853,806 tonnes, [[onion]] 705,795 tonnes, [[tomato]] 675,384 tonnes, [[cauliflower]] 578,953 tonnes, [[Leaf vegetable|leafy vegetables]] 370,646 tonnes, [[brinjal]] 331,169 tonnes, [[Cucurbitaceae|guard]] 307,793 tonnes, [[pea]]s 111,081 tonnes and others 269,993 tonnes.<ref name="harec1" />
[[Fruit]]s production was: [[citrus]] 301,764 tonnes, [[guava]] 152,184 tonnes, [[mango]] 89,965 tonnes, [[Sapota|chikoo]] 16,022 tonnes, [[Indian gooseberry|aonla]] 12,056 tonnes and other fruits 25,848 tonnes.<ref name="harec1" />
[[Spice]]s production was: [[garlic]] 40,497 tonnes, [[fenugreek]] 9,348 tonnes, [[ginger]] 4,304 tonnes and others 840 tonnes.<ref name="harec1" />
====Flowers and medicinal plants====
[[Cut flowers]] production was: [[Calendula officinalis|marigold]] 61,830 tonnes, [[gladiolus]] 2,448,620&nbsp;million, [[rose]] 1,861,160&nbsp;million and other 691,300 million.<ref name="harec1" />
[[Medicinal plants]] production was: [[aloe vera]] 1403 tonnes and [[stevia]] 13 tonnes.<ref name="harec1" />
====Livestock====
{{ see also | Central_Institute_for_Research_on_Buffaloes#Context:_Buffalo_and_dairying | l1= Dairying in Haryana }}
Haryana is well known for its high-yield [[Murrah buffalo]].<ref name=murr1>{{cite web|url=http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html|title=Murrah Buffalo|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207042140/http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html|archive-date=7 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=murr2>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/story/184582.html|title=Murrah buffalo sets record with 26.33&nbsp;kg milk|work=The Tribune|date=16 January 2016|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151238/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/story/184582.html|archive-date=13 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=murr3>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Andhra-Pradesh-farmer-buys-Haryana-murrah-buffalo-for-Rs-25L/articleshow/21753870.cms |title=Andhra Pradesh farmer buys Haryana murrah buffalo for Rs 25L |work=The Times of India |date=11 August 2013 |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220151300/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Andhra-Pradesh-farmer-buys-Haryana-murrah-buffalo-for-Rs-25L/articleshow/21753870.cms |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name=murr4>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-semen-sale/article1-1185010.aspx |title=Rs 40-lakh-a-year hurrah for owner of this Murrah! |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=17 February 2014 |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102909/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-semen-sale/article1-1185010.aspx |archive-date=19 August 2014 }}</ref> Other breeds of [[cattle]] native to Haryana are [[Haryanvi cattle|Haryanvi]], [[Mewati cattle|Mewati]], [[Sahiwal cattle|Sahiwal]] and [[Nili-Ravi]].<ref name=annr1>{{cite web|url=http://www.cirb.res.in/images/pdf_files/annualreport15-16.pdf|title=CIRB annual report 2015-16.|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720115045/http://cirb.res.in/images/pdf_files/annualreport15-16.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==== Research ====
{{See also | List_of_Medical,_Ayurvedic,_Dental,_Physiotherapy,_Nursing_and_Para-medical_colleges_in_Haryana#Other_institutes | label 1 = Research institutes in Haryana}}
To support its agrarian economy, both the central government ([[Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes]], [[Central Sheep Breeding Farm]], [[National Research Centre on Equines]], [[ICAR CIFE Rohtak centre|Central Institute of Fisheries]], [[National Dairy Research Institute]], [[Regional Centre for Biotechnology]], Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research and National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources) and the state government ([[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University|CCS HAU]], [[Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences|LUVAS]], [[Government Livestock Farm, Hisar|Government Livestock Farm]], [[Regional Fodder Station, Hisar|Regional Fodder Station]] and [[Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute]]) have opened several institutes for research and education.<ref name=haragr1>M Gupta, 2011, [http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11559/3/ALIS%2058%281%29%2063-70.pdf Ranking of Indian institutions in agriculture & allied sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127205219/http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11559/3/ALIS%2058(1)%2063-70.pdf |date=27 January 2018 }}.</ref><ref name=haragr2>Jagvir Singh Yadav, 1992, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8170223865 Evaluation of Agricultural Extension: A Study of Haryana], Page 44.</ref><ref name=haragr3>Salim Ahmed Lalli, 2007, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8189131192 Infrastructure and agricultural development in Haryana: policy implications].</ref>
===Industrial sector===
====Manufacturing====
{{See also | Automotive_industry_in_India#Haryana | label 1 = Automotive industry in Haryana}}
[[File:Larsen & Toubro Office.png|thumb|[[Larsen & Toubro]] Office at [[Faridabad]].]]
[[File:DLF Gateway Tower.png|thumb|The headquarters of [[DLF Limited]], India's largest real estate company, in Gurgaon, Haryana.]]
* [[Faridabad]] is one of the biggest industrial cities of Haryana as well as North India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051228/delhi.htm#1|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Delhi and neighbourhood|work=The Tribune|access-date=7 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613023249/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051228/delhi.htm#1|archive-date=13 June 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is home to large-scale MNC companies like India [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]] Motor Pvt. Ltd., [[Havells]] India Limited,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.havells.com/company-profile.aspx|title=File not found|access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095909/http://www.havells.com/company-profile.aspx|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[JCB (company)|JCB]] India Limited, [[Escorts Group]], [[Indian Oil]] (R&D),<ref>{{cite web|author=Manohar, Asit|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/news/31240306_1_bio-fuels-research-work-indian-oil-corporation|title=IOC Faridabad unit to pump in bio-fuel; R&D unit gearing to reduce pressure on conventional fuel|work=The Times of India|date=26 March 2012|access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113631/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/news/31240306_1_bio-fuels-research-work-indian-oil-corporation|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Larsen & Toubro]] (L&T).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lntgulf.com/default.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041859/http://www.lntgulf.com/contact-us.html|url-status=dead|title=金牛配资_炒股配资平台_ 免息配资公司|archive-date=4 March 2016|website=lntgulf.com}}</ref> Eyewear e-tailer Lenskart and healthcare startup Lybrate have their headquarters in Faridabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/eyewear-etailer-lenskart-looks-at-150-growth-this-fiscal/article7916307.ece|title=Eye-wear e-tailer Lenskart looks at 150% growth this fiscal|author=Abhishek Law|work=Business Line|date=25 November 2015 |access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211195817/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/eyewear-etailer-lenskart-looks-at-150-growth-this-fiscal/article7916307.ece|archive-date=11 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Faridabad-Rents-climbing-sleepy-town-is-hot-property/articleshow/47728780.cms|title=Faridabad: Rents climbing, sleepy town is hot property|work=The Times of India|date=19 June 2015 |access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622054331/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Faridabad-Rents-climbing-sleepy-town-is-hot-property/articleshow/47728780.cms|archive-date=22 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Hisar, India|Hissar]], an [[National Capital Region (India)#Counter magnets|NCR Counter Magnet city]] known as a steel and cotton spinning hub as well as an upcoming integrated industrial aerocity and [[Maintenance, repair, and operations|aero MRO]] hub at [[Hisar Airport]],<ref name=hsraero1>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/hisar-aerodrome-being-considered-for-international-airport-says-mla/article1-1292554.aspx Hisar aerodrome being considered for international airport, says MLA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211001542/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/hisar-aerodrome-being-considered-for-international-airport-says-mla/article1-1292554.aspx |date=11 December 2014 }}, HT Correspondent, [[Hindustan Times]]. Retrieved 2 December 2014.</ref><ref name=tbm1>[http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/Ministry/haryana-govt-to-develop-international-airport-at-hisar-30068 Haryana to develop international airport at Hisar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112209/http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/Ministry/haryana-govt-to-develop-international-airport-at-hisar-30068 |date=19 October 2017 }}, [http://www.travelbizmonitor.com TravelBizMonitor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129150531/http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/ |date=29 November 2017 }}, Retrieved in March 2016.</ref><ref name=trib4>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/state-shelves-hisar-airport-project/87044.html State shelves Hisar airport cargo project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019111840/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/state-shelves-hisar-airport-project/87044.html |date=19 October 2017 }}, [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], 29 May 2015.</ref> is a fast-developing city and the hometown of [[Navin Jindal]] and [[Subhash Chandra]] of [[Zee TV]] fame. [[Savitri Jindal]], Navin Jindal's mother, has been listed by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the third richest woman in the world.<ref name="forbes">{{cite magazine |title=Savitri Jindal and family |magazine=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/savitri-jindal |access-date=13 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704153925/http://www.forbes.com/profile/savitri-jindal/ |archive-date=4 July 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* [[Panipat]] has heavy industry, including a refinery operated by the [[Indian Oil Corporation]], a urea manufacturing plant operated by [[National Fertilizers]] Limited and a [[National Thermal Power Corporation]] power plant. It is known for its woven ''modhas'' or round stools.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.indianmirror.com/culture/states-culture/haryana.html| title=Haryana culture| work=Indian mirror| access-date=31 July 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827193200/http://www.indianmirror.com/culture/states-culture/haryana.html| archive-date=27 August 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sonipat]]: [[Kundli#Kundli Industrial Area|IMT Kundli]], Nathupur, Rai and Barhi are industrial areas with several [[small and medium-sized enterprises]], and also large ones such as Atlas cycles, E.C.E., [[Birla family|Birla factory]], and [[OSRAM]]<ref name=soni1>{{cite web|url=http://www.osramindia.com|title=OSRAM|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513131033/http://www.osramindia.com/|archive-date=13 May 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=soni2>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlascyclesonepat.com|title=Atlas Cycles (Haryana) Ltd., Sonepat (India)|website=atlascyclesonepat.com|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216134908/http://atlascyclesonepat.com/|archive-date=16 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=soni3>{{cite web|url=http://www.eceindustriesltd.com|title=ECE Industries Ltd.|website=eceindustriesltd.com|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129142459/http://www.eceindustriesltd.com/|archive-date=29 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Gurgaon]]: [[Manesar#Industrial Model Township .28IMT.29.2C Manesar|IMT Manesar]], [[Dundahera]] and [[Sohna]] are industrial and logistics hubs,<ref name=gurman1>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2011/02/05&PageLabel=58&EntityId=Ar05800&ViewMode=HTML|title=Article Window|date=5 February 2011|access-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110536/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP%2F2011%2F02%2F05&PageLabel=58&EntityId=Ar05800&ViewMode=HTML|archive-date=27 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=gurman2>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/haryana-showpiece-millennium-city-gurgaons-powerless-original-residents-suffer-135834/|title=Haryana showpiece millennium city Gurgaon's 'powerless' original residents suffer|website=India.com|date=1 September 2014|access-date=25 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034445/http://www.india.com/news/india/haryana-showpiece-millennium-city-gurgaons-powerless-original-residents-suffer-135834/|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=gurman3>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Villagers-fume-after-Haryana-CM-skips-KMP-meet/articleshow/7141757.cms?referral=PM|author=Tanushree Roy Chowdhury|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|title=Villagers fume after Haryana CM skips KMP meet|date=22 December 2010|access-date=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102004049/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Villagers-fume-after-Haryana-CM-skips-KMP-meet/articleshow/7141757.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and also has the [[National Security Guards]], the [[Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs]], the [[National Brain Research Centre]] and the National Bomb Data Centre.<ref name=gurman4>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Manesar%20&district=Gurgaon|title=Pin Code of Manesar Gurgaon|website=citypincode.in|access-date=9 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309090757/http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Manesar%20&district=Gurgaon|archive-date=9 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
====Utilities====
Haryana State has always given high priority to the expansion of electricity infrastructure, as it is one of the most important drivers of development for the state. Haryana was the first state in the country to achieve 100% rural [[electrification]] in 1970 as well as the first in the country to link all villages with all-weather roads and provide safe drinking water facilities throughout the state.<ref>{{citation|title=General Information|url=http://www.haryanainvest.org/general-information.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909072523/http://www.haryanainvest.org/general-information.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2012}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2017}}
Sources of power in the state include:
* Renewable and non-polluting sources
** [[Hydroelectricity]]
*** [[Bhakra Dam#Electricity generation|Bhakra-Nangal Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant]]
***[[Haryana Power Generation Corporation#Generation capacity|WYC Hydro Electric Station]], 62.4 MW, Yamunanagar<ref name=HGPCL1/>
** [[Solar power]] stations
*** [[Haryana Power Generation Corporation#Plans|Faridabad Solar Power Plant]]: being set up by [[Haryana Power Generation Corporation|HPGCL]] Faridabad (c.2016).<ref>{{citation |title=Haryana aims to install solar plants to replace old thermal plants |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-03-15/news/71543274_1_power-plant-solar-plant-hpgcl |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=15 March 2016 |access-date=24 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405034650/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-03-15/news/71543274_1_power-plant-solar-plant-hpgcl |archive-date=5 April 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
* [[Nuclear power]] stations
** [[Gorakhpur Nuclear Power Plant]], 2800MW, Fatehabad, Phase-I 1400MW by 2021<ref name="GHAVP1">{{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=102476 | title=Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan sigh Lays Foundation Stone of 2800 MW Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (Nuclear Power Project) | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India | date=13 January 2014 | access-date=6 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222061426/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=102476 | archive-date=22 February 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/gorakhpur-nuclear-power-plant-makes-headway-39141 Gorakhpur nuclear power plant makes headway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921202535/http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/gorakhpur-nuclear-power-plant-makes-headway-39141 |date=21 September 2017 }}. Down To Earth. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2016.</ref>
* [[Thermal power station#Typical coal thermal power station|Coal-fired thermal power station]]s
** [[Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station]], 600MW, Yamunanagar<ref name=HGPCL1>{{cite web |url=http://hpgcl.gov.in/powerplants_rpp.hp |title=HPGCL power plant capacity |access-date=5 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005819/http://hpgcl.gov.in/powerplants_rpp.hp |archive-date=6 December 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
** [[Indira Gandhi Super Thermal Power Project]], 1500MW, Jhajjar<ref name=HGPCL1/>
** [[Jhajjar Power Station]], 1500MW<ref name=HGPCL1/>
** [[Panipat Thermal Power Station I]], 440MW<ref name=HGPCL1/>
** [[Panipat Thermal Power Station II]], 920MW<ref name=HGPCL1/>
** [[Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Station]], 1200MW, Hisar<ref name=HGPCL1/>
===Services sector===
====Transport====
[[File:Administrative_map_of_Haryana_with_RTO_codes_for_vehicle_registration.png|thumb|Admin map of Haryana with RTO codes]]
=====Aviation =====
{{main | History_of_Haryana#Aviation | l1= Aviation in Haryana }}
=====Roads and highways=====
{{main | List of highways in Haryana | l1= Highways in Haryana }}
Haryana has a total road length of {{convert|26062|km}}, including {{convert|2482|km}} comprising [[List of National Highways in India|29 national highways]], {{convert|1801|km}} of [[List of state highways in Haryana|state highways]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://haryanasamanyagyan.com/notes/state-highways-in-haryana/1592/|title=List of State Highways in Haryana|date=2 September 2017|work=Haryana Samanya Gyan|access-date=4 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104211139/https://haryanasamanyagyan.com/notes/state-highways-in-haryana/1592/|archive-date=4 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {{convert|1395|km}} of Major District Roads (MDR) and {{convert|20344|km}} of Other District Roads (ODR) (c. December 2017).<ref name=trib1>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/single-agency-to-handle-road-repair-work-from-january-1/520344.html "Single agency to handle road repair work from January 1"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229174916/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/single-agency-to-handle-road-repair-work-from-january-1/520344.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, ''Tribune'', 29 December 2017.</ref> A fleet of 3,864 [[Haryana Roadways]] buses covers a distance of 1.15&nbsp;million km per day, and it was the first state in the country to introduce luxury video coaches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://haryanaindustries.nic.in/WhyHaryana/Pages/NewEconomicInfrastructure.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410062940/http://haryanaindustries.nic.in/WhyHaryana/Pages/NewEconomicInfrastructure.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Why Haryana? - Economic Infrastructure|archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref>
Ancient [[Delhi Multan Road]] and [[Grand Trunk Road]], South Asia's oldest and longest major roads, pass through Haryana. GT Road passes through the districts of [[Sonipat district|Sonipat]], [[Panipat district|Panipat]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]] and [[Ambala district|Ambala]] in north Haryana where it enters [[Delhi]] and subsequently the industrial town of [[Faridabad]] on its way. The {{convert|135.6|km}} [[Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway(KMP)|Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway (KMP)]] will provide a high-speed link to northern Haryana with its southern districts such as [[Sonipat]], [[Gurgaon]], and [[Faridabad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/20526.html|title=KMP Expressways to be completed by 2009|work=The Indian Express|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315201640/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/20526.html|archive-date=15 March 2007}}</ref>
The Delhi-Agra Expressway (NH-2) that passes through Faridabad is being widened to six lanes from the current four lanes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nh-2-widening-to-claim-25-000-trees-in-faridabad-dist/story-ek0KPewdRR6CZ7mZEgMeWM.html |title=NH-2 widening to claim 25,000 trees in Faridabad dist &#124; india |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=6 June 2012 |access-date=3 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032245/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nh-2-widening-to-claim-25-000-trees-in-faridabad-dist/story-ek0KPewdRR6CZ7mZEgMeWM.html |archive-date=17 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> It will further boost [[Faridabad]]'s connectivity with [[Delhi]].
===== Railway =====
<!-- Retain the redlink to encourage its creations as per wikipedia gudielines. -->
{{See also | Railway in Haryana | Railway stations in Haryana | North_Western_Railway_zone#History | Northern_Railway_zone#History | North_Central_Railway_zone#History | label 3 = NWR history | label 4 =  NR history | label 5 =  NCR history }}
The rail network in Haryana is covered by five rail divisions under three rail zones. [[Diamond Quadrilateral]] [[High-speed rail in India|High-speed rail network]],<ref name=harhsrn1>{{citation|title=Address by The President of India to the Joint sitting of Parliament 2014|url=http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225448/http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> [[Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor]] (72&nbsp;km)<ref name=hardfc1>{{cite web|url=http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Eastern_Corridor|title=Eastern DFC|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126065737/http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Eastern_Corridor|archive-date=26 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Western Dedicated Freight Corridor]] (177&nbsp;km)<ref name=hardfc2>{{cite web|url=http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Western_Corridor|title=Western DFC|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203070023/http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Western_Corridor|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> pass through Haryana.
[[Bikaner railway division]] of the [[North Western Railway zone]] manages the rail network in [[Hisar division|western]] and [[Gurgaon division|southern]] Haryana covering [[Jodhpur–Bathinda line|Bhatinda-Dabwali-Hanumangarh line]], [[Bathinda–Rewari line|Rewari-Bhiwani-Hisar-Bathinda line]], Hisar-Sadulpur line and Rewari-Loharu-Sadulpur line.<ref name="harrlyz22">{{cite web |url=http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093153283-BKN.pdf |title=Bikaner Division map and history |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229231537/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093153283-BKN.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="harrlyz2">{{cite web | url = http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1390378076313-Overview%20dt.21.01.14.pdf | title = Overview of Bikaner Division | publisher = North Western Railway | access-date = 7 May 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030427/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1390378076313-Overview%20dt.21.01.14.pdf | archive-date = 8 May 2014}}</ref> [[Jaipur railway division]] of [[North Western Railway zone]] manages the rail network in [[Hisar division|south-west Haryana]] covering [[Delhi–Jaipur line|Rewari-Reengas-Jaipur line]], Delhi-Alwar-Jaipur line and Loharu-Sikar line.<ref name=jaip1>{{cite web |url=http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093177866-JP.pdf |title=Jaipur division network map |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229173541/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093177866-JP.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
The [[Delhi railway division]] of the [[Northern Railway zone]] manages the rail network in [[Karnal division|north]] and [[Rohtak division|east-central]] Haryana, covering [[Delhi–Kalka line|Delhi-Panipat-Ambala line]], [[Delhi–Fazilka line|Delhi-Rohtak-Tohana line]], [[Rewari–Rohtak line]], Jind-Sonepat line and [[Delhi–Jaipur line|Delhi-Rewari line]].<ref name="harrlyz21">{{cite web |url=http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,315 |title=Delhi division map and history |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507033025/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,315 |archive-date=7 May 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="harrlyz5">{{cite web|title=Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |work=Indian Railways |access-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003737/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2015 }}</ref><ref name="harrlyz6">{{cite web|url = http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319|title = Ambala Railway Division|access-date = 13 January 2016|publisher = [[Railway Board]]|work= [[Northern Railway zone]]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140418160819/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319|archive-date = 18 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="harrlyz3">{{cite web|title=Statement showing Category-wise No.of stations in IR based on Pass. earning of 2011 |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128044328/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI%26ACategoryStns.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref><ref name="harrlyz4">{{cite web|title=PASSENGER AMENITIES - CRITERIA= For Categorisation of Stations |url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045206/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> [[Agra railway division]] of [[North Central Railway zone]] manages another very small part of the network in [[South Haryana|southeast Haryana]] covering only the [[Palwal railway station|Palwal]]-[[Mathura railway station|Mathura]] line.<ref name=harrlyz11>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,262 |title=NCR Zone map |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230080131/http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,262 |archive-date=30 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=harrlyz1>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261|title=North Central Railways / Indian Railways Portal|website=ncr.indianrailways.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707094035/http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261|archive-date=7 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Ambala railway division]] of [[Northern Railway zone]] manages a small part of the rail network in [[Ambala division|north-east Haryana]] covering [[Moradabad–Ambala line|Ambala-Yamunanagar line]], [[Delhi–Kalka line|Ambala-Kurukshetra line]] and [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage]] [[Kalka–Shimla Railway]].<ref name=amb1>[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319 Ambala Division map and history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418160819/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319 |date=18 April 2014 }}.</ref>
=====Metro=====
{{main | Delhi Metro | Rapid Metro Gurgaon | label 1 = Delhi Metro | label 2 = Gurgaon Metro}}
[[Delhi Metro]] connects the national capital Delhi with the NCR cities of [[Faridabad]], [[Gurgaon]] and [[Bahadurgarh]]. Faridabad has the longest metro network in the NCR Region consisting of 11 stations and a track length of 17&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/ncr-s-longest-metro-line-in-faridabad/article1-800767.aspx |title=NCR's longest Metro line in Faridabad &#124; delhi |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=23 January 2012 |access-date=3 November 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
=====Sky Way=====
[[File:Delhi Faridabad Skyway.png|thumb|[[Delhi Faridabad Skyway]]]]
The Haryana and Delhi governments have constructed the {{convert|4.5|km|adj=on}} international standard [[Delhi Faridabad Skyway]], the first of its kind in North India, to connect Delhi and Faridabad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hccinfrastructure.com/projects/delhifaridabad_expressway.aspx |title=Projects - Delhi - Faridabad Elevated Expressway Project (dfskyway TM) (NH - 2) |publisher=HCC Infrastructure |date=29 November 2010 |access-date=3 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101032537/http://www.hccinfrastructure.com/projects/delhifaridabad_expressway.aspx |archive-date=1 January 2016 }}</ref>
====Communication and media====
Haryana has a statewide network of telecommunication facilities. Haryana Government has its own statewide area network by which all government offices of 22 districts and 126 blocks across the state are connected with each other, thus making it the first SWAN of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egovonline.net/articles/article-details.asp?Title=Tulip-IT-in-Haryana&ArticalID=1716&Type=INDUSTRY%20PERSPECTIVE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330231740/http://www.egovonline.net/articles/article-details.asp?Title=Tulip-IT-in-Haryana&ArticalID=1716&Type=INDUSTRY%20PERSPECTIVE|url-status=dead|title=Egovonline.net|archive-date=30 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/7526/93/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101071407/http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/7526/93/|url-status=dead|title=Punjabnewsline.com|archive-date=1 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080206/haryana.htm | title=The Tribune India | newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | access-date=6 February 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627005749/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080206/haryana.htm | archive-date=27 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]] and most of the leading private sector players (such as Reliance Infocom, [[Tata Teleservices]], [[Bharti Telecom]], [[Idea]] [[Vodafone Essar]], [[Aircel]], [[Uninor]] and [[Videocon]]) have operations in the state. The two biggest cities of Haryana, [[Faridabad]] and [[Gurgaon]], which are part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]], come under the local Delhi Mobile Telecommunication System. The rest of the cities of Haryana come under Haryana Telecommunication System.
[[Electronic media]] channels include [[MTV]], [[9XM]], Star Group, [[SET Max]], [[News Time]], [[NDTV 24x7]] and [[Zee Group]]. The [[radio]] stations include [[All India Radio]] and other [[FM broadcasting|FM]] stations.
Panipat, Hisar, Ambala and Rohtak are the cities in which the leading newspapers of Haryana are printed and circulated throughout Haryana, in which [[Dainik Bhaskar]], [[Dainik Jagran]], [[Punjab Kesari]], [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Samaj]]}}, [[Hari Bhoomi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haribhoomi.com/local/haryana|title=Haryana News - Haryana News Live - Haryana Hindi News - Haryana Latest News &#124; Hari Bhoomi|website=haribhoomi.com}}</ref> and Amar Ujala are prominent.
==Healthcare==
{{See also | Haryana Civil Medical Services |  List of Medical, Ayurvedic, Dental, Physiotherapy, Nursing and Para-medical colleges in Haryana | National Rural Health Mission | label 1 =  Haryana Civil Medical Services  | label 2 = Teaching hospitals | label 3 = NRHM }}
[[File:Academic Block, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad.jpg|thumb|[[ESIC Medical College, Faridabad]]]]
The total fertility rate of Haryana is 2.3. The infant mortality rate is 41 (SRS 2012) and the maternal mortality ratio is 146 (SRS 2010–2012).<ref>{{citation|title=State Wise Information|url=http://nrhm.gov.in/nrhm-in-state/state-wise-information/haryana.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515054804/http://www.nrhm.gov.in/nrhm-in-state/state-wise-information/haryana.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 May 2013|publisher=[[National Rural Health Mission]]}}</ref> The state of Haryana has various Medical Colleges including [[Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences]] Rohtak, [[Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College]] in District [[Sonipat]], [[ESIC Medical College, Faridabad]] along with notable private medical institutes like [[Medanta]], [[Max Hospital, Gurgaon|Max Hospital]], [[Fortis Healthcare]]
==Education==
=== Literacy ===
The literacy rate in Haryana has seen an upward trend and is 76.64 per cent as per the 2011 population census. Male literacy stands at 85.38%, while female literacy is at 66.67%. In 2001, the literacy rate in Haryana stood at 67.91%, of which males and females were 78.49% and 55.73% literate respectively.<ref>{{citation|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf|title=Census 2011, Chapter 6 (State of Literacy)|pages=114–117|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706191931/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf|archive-date=6 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2013}}, [[Gurgaon]] city had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 86.30%  followed by [[Panchkula]] at 81.9% and [[Ambala]] at 81.7%.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-haryana-gurgaon-tops-literacy-rate-but-has-worst-sex-ratio/1119373/#sthash.pBWugHfA.dpuf |title=In Haryana, Gurgaon tops literacy rate but has worst sex ratio |work=The Indian Express|date=23 May 2013 |access-date=3 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607143725/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-haryana-gurgaon-tops-literacy-rate-but-has-worst-sex-ratio/1119373#sthash.pBWugHfA.dpuf |archive-date=7 June 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In terms of districts, {{as of|2012|lc=y}}, [[Rewari]] had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy was 79% and female literacy was 67%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ijrsr.com/September2012/12.pdf |title=Spatio-temporal Pattern of Literacy in Haryana |access-date=15 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524023017/http://www.ijrsr.com/September2012/12.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2014 }}</ref>
=== Schools ===
[[Haryana Board of School Education]], established in September 1969 and shifted to [[Bhiwani]] in 1981, conducts public examinations at middle, matriculation, and senior secondary levels twice a year. Over 700,000 candidates attend annual examinations in February and March; 150,000 attend supplementary examinations each November. The Board also conducts examinations for Haryana Open School at senior and senior secondary levels twice a year.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.bseh.org.in/history|title=History|publisher=[[Haryana Board of School Education]]|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224053220/http://www.bseh.org.in/history/|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The Haryana government provides free education to women up to the [[bachelor's degree]] level.
In 2015–2016, there were nearly 20,000 schools, including 10,100 state government schools (36 Aarohi Schools, 11 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas, 21 Model Sanskriti Schools, 8,744 government primary school, 3386 government middle school, 1,284 government high school and 1,967 government senior secondary schools),<ref name=harsch4>{{cite web|url=http://hryedumis.gov.in/statistics/reports|title=Management Information System - Reports|website=hryedumis.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214061251/http://hryedumis.gov.in/statistics/reports|archive-date=14 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> 7,635 private schools (200 aided,<ref name=harsch1>{{cite web |url=http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/AidedSchool_AsOn09072014.pdf |title=Haryana Education stats: aided private schools, 2015-2016 |access-date=4 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011005518/http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/AidedSchool_AsOn09072014.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> 6,612 recognised unaided,<ref name=harsch2>{{cite web|url=http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateRecognized16122016.pdf|title=Haryana Education stats: Recognized unaided schools 2015-2016|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031023229/http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateRecognized16122016.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 821 unrecognised unaided private schools<ref name=harsch3>{{cite web|url=http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateUnrecognized16122016.pdf|title=Haryana Education stats: list of unrecognized unaided schools, 2015-2016|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026051114/http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateUnrecognized16122016.pdf|archive-date=26 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>) and several hundred other central government and private schools such as [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], [[Indian Army Public Schools]], [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]] and [[D.A.V. College Managing Committee|DAV schools]] affiliated to central government's [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] and [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] school boards.
=== Universities and higher education ===
[[File:Mriu at night1.jpg|thumb|MRIU]]
{{See also|List of institutions of higher education in Haryana}}
Haryana has 48 universities and 1,038 colleges,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/a-first-haryana-has-more-women-than-men-pursuing-higher-education/837137.html|title=A first: Haryana has more women than men pursuing higher education|last=Thakur|first=Bhartesh Singh|date=23 September 2019|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> including 115 government colleges, 88 government-aided colleges and 96 self-finance colleges.<ref name=hareduc1>[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fmahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html Haryana is growing rapidly in higher education, 299 colleges in small state], [https://www.jagran.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html Jagram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119234959/https://www.jagran.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html |date=19 January 2018 }}, 17 January 2018.</ref> [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] has three universities: [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University]] – Asia's largest agricultural university,<ref name="about hau">{{cite web|url=http://hau.ernet.in/|title=About HAU|publisher=Haryana Agricultural University|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512064952/http://hau.ernet.in/|archive-date=12 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology]], [[Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences]]); several national agricultural and veterinary research centres ([[NRC on Equines, Hisar, Haryana|National Research Centre on Equines]]),<ref name="vision 2030">{{cite web|title=Vision 2030|url=http://nrce.nic.in/downloads/NRCE%20Vision%202030.pdf|publisher=National Research Centre on Equines|access-date=7 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913134303/http://www.nrce.nic.in/downloads/NRCE%20Vision%202030.pdf|archive-date=13 September 2012}}</ref> Central Sheep Breeding Farm,<ref name="sheep breeding farm">{{cite web|url=http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/reports/compendium-of-schemes/central-sheep-breeding-farm-hissar-haryana.aspx |title=Central sheep breeding farm |publisher=Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, GoI |access-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122055903/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/reports/compendium-of-schemes/central-sheep-breeding-farm-hissar-haryana.aspx |archive-date=22 November 2012 }}</ref> National Institute on Pig Breeding and Research,<ref name="ppu">{{cite web|url=http://www.ppu.edu.in/about-hisar.html |title=Climate of Hisar |publisher=PPU |access-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505132444/http://www.ppu.edu.in/about-hisar.html |archive-date=5 May 2012 }}</ref> Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute<ref name="nrfmtti">{{cite web|url=http://nrfmtti.dacnet.nic.in/|title=About us|publisher=Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute|access-date=27 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916140714/http://nrfmtti.dacnet.nic.in/|archive-date=16 September 2011}}</ref> and Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB);<ref name="about cirb">{{cite web|url=http://www.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=1&lang=en|title=About CIRB|publisher=Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913001100/http://www.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=1&lang=en|archive-date=13 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and more than 20 colleges including [[Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha]].<ref name="mamc">{{cite web|url=http://mamc.edu.in/|title=Official website|publisher=Maharaja Agrasen Medical College|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072051/http://mamc.edu.in/|archive-date=26 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Demographically, Haryana has 471,000 women and 457,000 men pursuing post-secondary school higher education. There are more than 18,616 female teachers and 17,061 male teachers in higher education.<ref name=":1" />
[[Union Minister]] [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]] announced on 27 February 2016 that the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) would be set up in Kurukshetra to provide computer training to youth and a Software Technology Park of India (STPI) would be set up in [[Panchkula]]'s existing HSIIDC IT Park in Sector 23.<ref name=express>{{citation |title=Under the Digital India initiative: Software Technology Park of India |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india-software-technology-park-in-panchkula-panchkula-news-under-the-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=28 February 2016 |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310222254/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india-software-technology-park-in-panchkula-panchkula-news-under-the-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india/ |archive-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Hindi and English are compulsory languages in schools whereas Punjabi, Sanskrit and Urdu are chosen as optional languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf|title=National Committee for Linguistic Minorities|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018191624/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf|archive-date=18 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Sports==
{{See also| Template:Stadiums in Haryana | label 1 =  Stadiums in Haryana}}{{Multiple image
| image1            = Bajrang Punia receiving Arjuna Award-2015 (cropped).jpg
| caption1          = Wrestler [[Bajrang Punia]]
| image2            = Kapil Dev at Equation sports auction.jpg
| caption2          = Cricketer [[Kapil Dev]]
| direction        = horizontal
| image3            = The Beijing Olympic bronze medal winner, boxer Vijender Kumar at Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport, in New Delhi on August 25, 2008.jpg
| caption3          = Boxer [[Vijender Singh]]
| image4            = Saina Nehwal in 2011 (cropped-02).jpg
| caption4          = Badminton player [[Saina Nehwal]]
| align            = center
}}
}}
'''Haryana''' ({{IPA-hi|ɦərɪˈjaːɳaː}}) is a state in the [[Republic of India]]. It is the birthplace of [[Hinduism]]. The main dialect spoken in the area is [[Haryanvi]]. The area is {{convert|17122|mi2}}. It is larger than [[Denmark]] but smaller than [[Estonia]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.


==Etymology==
In the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] at Delhi, 22 out of 38 gold medals that India won came from Haryana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.domainmarket.com/buynow/mizoramexpress.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126160127/http://mizoramexpress.com/index.php/2010/10/32-medal-winner-from-haryana-to-get-maruti-cars|url-status=dead|title=MizoramExpress.com is available at DomainMarket.com|archive-date=26 November 2010|website=MizoramExpress.com is available at DomainMarket.com}}</ref> During the 33rd National Games held in [[Assam]] in 2007, Haryana stood first in the nation<ref>[http://www.33rdnationalgames.nic.in/medal_tally.htm Official site for the 33rd National Games 2007, Guwahati<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019025637/http://www.33rdnationalgames.nic.in/medal_tally.htm |date=19 October 2009 }}</ref> with a medal tally of 80, including 30 gold, 22 silver and 28 bronze medals.
The name Haryana is found in the works of the 12th-century AD Apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189–1230). The name Haryana has been derived from the Sanskrit words Hari (the Hindu god Vishnu) and ayana (home), meaning "the Abode of God".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121020094626/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/256424/Haryana</ref> However, scholars such as Muni Lal, Murli Chand Sharma, HA Phadke and Sukhdev Singh Chib believe that the name comes from a compound of the words Hari (Sanskrit Harit, "green") and Aranya (forest).
 
The [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983 World Cup]] winning captain [[Kapil Dev]] made his domestic-cricket debut playing for Haryana. [[Nahar Singh Stadium]] was built in [[Faridabad]] in the year 1981 for international cricket. This ground has the capacity to hold around 25,000 people as spectators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58081.html|title=Nahar Singh Stadium - India - Cricket Grounds - ESPN Cricinfo|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104073151/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58081.html|archive-date=4 January 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Tejli Sports Complex is an ultra-modern sports complex in [[Yamuna Nagar]]. [[Tau Devi Lal Stadium]] in [[Gurgaon]] is a multi-sport complex.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/icl/content/ground/321957.html|title=Tau Devi Lal Cricket Stadium - India - Cricket Grounds - ESPN Cricinfo|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608174232/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/icl/content/ground/321957.html|archive-date=8 June 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
[[Chief Minister of Haryana]] [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] announced the "Haryana Sports and Physical Fitness Policy", a policy to support 26 Olympic sports, on 12 January 2015 with the words "We will develop Haryana as the sports hub of the country."<ref>{{citation|title=News Details|url=http://haryanacmoffice.gov.in/newsupdates/details/id/338|publisher=Office of [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701072127/http://haryanacmoffice.gov.in/newsupdates/details/id/338|archive-date=1 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfn|GoH|2015|p=27}}
 
Haryana is home to [[Haryana Gold]], one of India's eight professional basketball teams that compete in the country's [[UBA Pro Basketball League]].
 
At the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], [[Sakshi Malik]] won the bronze medal in the 58&nbsp;kg category, becoming the first Indian female wrestler to win a medal at the Olympics and the fourth female Olympic medalist from the country.
 
Notable badminton player [[Saina Nehwal]] is from [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] in Haryana.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 October 2010|first1=Bhupendra |last1=Yadav |title=Why Haryana is India's mine for medals|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/Why-Haryana-is-Indias-mine-for-medals/articleshow/6844460.cms|access-date=26 July 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
 
Notable athlete [[Neeraj Chopra]], who competes in Javelin Throw and won the first track and field gold medal in [[2020 Tokyo Olympics]] for India, was born and raised in Panipat, Haryana.
Wrestling is also very prominent in Haryana, as 2 medals won in wrestling at [[2020 Tokyo Olympics]] were from Haryana.
 
Notable athlete [[Ravi Dahiya]], who was born in [[Nahri]] village of [[Sonipat]] District, won silver medal in the [[2020 Tokyo Olympics]] for India.
 
[[Ravi Kumar Dahiya|Ravi Kumar]] is an Indian freestyle wrestler who won a silver medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the 57&nbsp;kg category. Dahiya is also a bronze medalist from 2019 World Wrestling Championships and a two-time Asian champion.


==See also==
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana]]
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana]]
* [[List of people from Haryana]]
* [[Outline of Haryana]]
* [[Politics of Haryana]]
* [[Tourism in Haryana]]
* [[Haryanvi cinema]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Haryana]]


==Provincial symbols of Haryana==
==References==
<gallery>
{{Reflist}}
Image:Indian state flag of Haryana (proposed).jpg|Provincial flag of Haryana
Image:Black Francolin.jpg|Provincial bird of Haryana
Image:Blackbuck male female.jpg|Provincial animal of Haryana
Image:Ficus religiosa Bo.jpg|Provincial tree of Haryana
Image:Indian Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera).jpg|Provincial flower of Haryana
</gallery>


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{reflist}}
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* {{citation |ref={{harvid|GoH|2015}} |title=Haryana Sports and Physical Fitness Policy|url=http://haryanasports.gov.in/pdf/sportspolicyeng.pdf|publisher=Government of Haryana|date=12 January 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020824/http://haryanasports.gov.in/pdf/sportspolicyeng.pdf|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=dead}}
* {{citation |editor=Atul Kumar Sinha |editor2=Abhay Kumar Singh |title=Udayana New Horizons in History, Classics and Inter-Cultural studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4VeYJdww2YC |publisher=Anamika Publishers |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7975-168-8 }}
* {{citation |ref={{harvid|NIDM}} |title=National Disaster Risk Reduction Portal - Haryana|url=http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/Haryana.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Disaster Management|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909120623/http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/Haryana.pdf|archive-date=9 September 2016|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|title= Haryana: Past and Present|last= Sharma|first= Suresh K|year= 2006|publisher= Mittal Publications|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-8324-046-1|page= 763|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VE71IqAC0YYC&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Haryana General Knowledge|last= Khanna|first= C. L.|year= 2008|publisher= Upkar Prakashan|location= Agra|isbn= 978-81-7482-383-0|page= 75|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kF-iDEMnuyMC&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Folk Tales & Legends of Haryana|last= Yadav|first= Ram B.|year= 2008|publisher= Pinnacle Technology|location= Gurgaon|isbn= 978-81-7871-162-1|page= 305|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ovqab_L5IaAC&q=haryana}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book|title= Haryana, a Historical Perspective|last= Mittal|first= Satish Chandra|year= 1986|publisher= Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|location= New Delhi|page= 183|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2RKTigrrP1cC&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Economic Development of Haryana|last1= Singh|first1= Mandeep|last2= Kaur|first2= Harvinder|year= 2004|publisher= Deep and Deep Publications|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-7629-558-2|page= 234|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DmY55VLeW7gC&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Gandhiji and Haryana: A collection of his speeches and writings pertaining to Haryana|last= Gandhi|first= Mahatma|year= 1977|publisher= Usha Publications|page= 158|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KG0dAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Haryana, ancient and medieval|last= Phadke|first= H. A.|year= 1990|publisher= Harman Publishing House|isbn= 81-85151-34-2|page= 256|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HxlIAAAAIAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Social and economic change in Haryana|last= Singh|first= Chattar|year= 2004|publisher= National Book Organisation|isbn= 81-87521-10-4|page= 252|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=reTZAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Modern Haryana: History and culture, 1803–1966|last= Yadav|first= Kripal Chandra|year= 2002|publisher= Manohar Publishers & Distributors|isbn= 81-7304-371-X|page= 320|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WmRuAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Formation of Haryana|last= Rai|first= Gulshan|year= 1987|publisher= B.R. Publishing Corporation|isbn= 81-7018-412-6|page= 223|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lGYeAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Buddhist remains from Haryana|last= Handa|first= Devendra|year= 2004|publisher= Sundeep Prakashan|isbn= 81-7574-153-8|page= 97|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=u1VuAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Haryana at a glance: Statistical overview & development indicators|year= 2007|publisher= Jagran Research Centre|page= 157|isbn= 9788186821428|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JdTsAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Early medieval art of Haryana|last= Singh|first= Chander Pal|year= 2003|publisher= Koshal Book Depot|isbn= 81-86049-07-X|page= 168|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=L7ifAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Sculptures from Haryana: Iconography and style|last= Handa|first= Devendra|year= 2006|publisher= Indian Institute of Advanced Study|isbn= 81-7305-307-3|page= 286|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dfDVAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Journal of Haryana Studies|year= 2008|publisher= Kurukshetra University|location= Kurukshetra|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aFVuAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book|title= Atlas of the birds of Delhi and Haryana|last1= Harvey|first1= Bill|last2= Harvey|first2= William|last3= Devasar|first3= Nikhil|last4= Grewal|first4= Bikram|author5= Oriental Bird Club|year= 2006|publisher= Rupa & Co.|isbn= 81-291-0954-9|page= 352|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2cQAQAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
* {{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoRDAAAAYAAJ |title=Military History of India |publisher=Orient Longmans |year=1960 |pages=66–69 |isbn=9780861251551}}
{{Refend}}


{{commonscat|Haryana}}
==External links==
{{India}}


[[Category:Haryana| ]]
; Government
* [http://www.haryana.gov.in/  The Official Site of the Government of Haryana]
* [http://haryanatourism.gov.in/ Official Tourism Site of Haryana, India]
* [https://www.haryana.com Haryana Community website]
; General information
* {{GovPubs|Haryana}}
* {{Britannica|256424|Haryana}}
* {{curlie|Regional/Asia/India/Haryana|Haryana}}
* {{Wikiatlas|Haryana}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|1942601}}


{{subject bar|India|Geography|Asia|wikt=Haryana|auto=1}}
{{Haryana}}
{{States and Union Territories of India}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Asia-stub}}
[[Category:Haryana| ]]
[[Category:North India|*]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Hindi-speaking countries and territories]]
[[Category:Punjabi-speaking countries and territories]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1966]]
[[Category:States and union territories of India]]
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