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{{Short description|Illegal Maoist Militant Organization in India}}
{{Short description|Maoist militant organisation in India}}
{{Other uses|Communist Party of India (disambiguation)}}
{{Other uses|Communist Party of India (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox Military Unit
{{Infobox militant organization
|unit_name= People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India)
| name            = People's Liberation Guerrilla Army
|native_name=जन मुक्ति सेना
| logo            = Flag of the PLGA.svg
| role = Guerilla Warfare
| caption          =
| colors = {{colorbox|Red}} [[Red]]
| native_name     = जन मुक्ति सेना
|image=Flag_of_the_PLGA.svg
| native_name_lang = hi
| battles = [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]]
| other_name      =
| equipment = Rifles, Bows, Machetes, Land mines
| leader          = [[Muppala Lakshmana Rao]]
|image_size=  
| foundation      =  
|caption=  
| dates            = {{Start date|2000|12|02|df=yes}} – present
| commander1 = [[Muppala Lakshmana Rao]] (1967-2018)
| dissolved        =
| commander1_label =Commander-in-chief
| merger          =
|country= {{flagdeco|India}} [[Republic of India]]
| split            =  
|size= 12,000 (peak)
| predecessor      =  
|allegiance= [[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg|25px]] [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
| merged          =  
|branch=
| successor        =  
| country          =  
| allegiance      = {{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
| motives          =
| area            =
| headquarters    =
| newspaper        =  
| ideology        = {{ubl|class=nowrap|[[Communism]]|[[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism]]|[[Naxalite|Naxalism]]}}
| position        = [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
| crimes          =
| attacks          =
| status          =
| size             = 12,000 (peak{{when|date=January 2022}})
| revenue          =
| financing        =
| partof          =
| allies          =
| opponents        = {{flag|Republic of India}}
| battles          = [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]]
| flag            =
| website          =
| module          =
| module2          =
| module3          =
| module4          =
| module5          =
| module6          =  
}}
}}


The '''People's Liberation Guerrilla Army''' ('''PLGA''') is the armed wing of the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]], a [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)#Legal status|banned]] organisation in [[India]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/23/stories/2009062358320100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626145746/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/23/stories/2009062358320100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 June 2009 | title=Centre bans CPI (Maoist) | date=23 June 2009 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref> which aims to overthrow the [[government of India|Indian Government]] through protracted [[people's war]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-06/india/28147504_1_telugu-deepak-maoists-kishenji | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016083356/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-06/india/28147504_1_telugu-deepak-maoists-kishenji | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 October 2013 | title=Maoists will overthrow govt much before 2050 : Kishenji | date=6 March 2010 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref>
The '''People's Liberation Guerrilla Army''' ('''PLGA''') is the armed wing of the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]], a [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)#Legal status|banned]] political organisation in [[India]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/23/stories/2009062358320100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626145746/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/23/stories/2009062358320100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 June 2009 | title=Centre bans CPI (Maoist) | date=23 June 2009 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref> which aims to overthrow the [[government of India|Indian Government]] through protracted [[people's war]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-06/india/28147504_1_telugu-deepak-maoists-kishenji | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016083356/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-06/india/28147504_1_telugu-deepak-maoists-kishenji | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 October 2013 | title=Maoists will overthrow govt much before 2050 : Kishenji | date=6 March 2010 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
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== Composition ==
== Composition ==
The PLGA is controlled by the [[Central Military Commission]] of the CPI (Maoist).<ref name="guerrilla warfare">{{cite web | url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article192205.ece?service=print | title=Dantawade a pointer to Maoist guerrilla warfare | work=The New Indian Express | date=8 April 2010 | accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> The analyses in September 2013, based on [[Maoist]]s' intercepted communication, suggested that the estimated number of PLGA members had decreased (from 10,000 − 12,000)<ref name="T-September">{{citation |title=Top Maoist Leader Ganapathi Admits To Leadership Crisis in Party |url=http://www.tehelka.com/top-maoist-leader-ganapathi-admits-to-leadership-crisis-in-party/ |author=Ushinor Majumdar |publisher=[[Tehelka]] |date=19 September 2013 |accessdate=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016003451/http://www.tehelka.com/top-maoist-leader-ganapathi-admits-to-leadership-crisis-in-party/ |archive-date=16 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> to 8,000 − 9,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reds in retreat |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/reds-in-retreat-113092700488_1.html |first1=R. |last1=Krishna Das |first2=Sahil |last2=Makkar |first3=Probal |last3=Basak |first4=Dillip |last4=Satapathy |date=27 September 2013 |accessdate=15 October 2013 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> Recently in March 2014, [[Gautam Navlakha]] has claimed that the PLGA's strength did not decrease but has increased, however, the guerrilla zone has been geographically reduced. He writes that "the number of companies and platoons of PLGA increased from 8 [[Company (military unit)|companies]] and 13 [[Platoon (military unit)|platoons]] in 2008 to 12 companies and more than 25 platoons, plus a supply platoon in 2013."<ref name="Gautam">{{cite web| title=Ambush amplifies a struggle |url=http://sanhati.com/excerpted/9499/ |first1=Gautam |last1=Navlakha |author-link=Gautam Navlakha |publisher=Sanhati |date=30 March 2014 |accessdate=16 May 2014}}</ref> All the PLGA members are volunteers and they do not receive any wages.<ref name="Walking with the Comrades">{{cite web | author-link=Arundhati Roy | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?264738-0 | title=Walking with the Comrades | publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] | date=29 March 2010 | accessdate=15 October 2013 | last1=Roy | first1=Arundhati | quote=It is an entirely voluntary army. Nobody is paid a salary.}}</ref> The count of ''Jan'' (People's) Militia is around 38,000 which is mostly composed of the tribal people who uses bows and arrows as their weapons and allegedly provide logistical support to the PLGA.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/08/2013812124328669128.html | title=Analysis: India's Maoist challenge | first1=Kamal | last1=Kumar | publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] | date=24 August 2013 | accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> During her visit to the Maoist's guerrilla zones few years back, [[Arundhati Roy]] noted that the PLGA was 45% female,<ref name="Walking with the Comrades" /> but the recent analyses suggests that now the female comrades compose 60% of the PLGA.<ref name="T-September"/> Now, the women commanders heads 20 of the 27 divisions in the [[Red corridor]].<ref name="Gautam"/> It has a military intelligence wing, Central Instruction Team and the Central Action Team.<ref name="guerrilla warfare" /> Maoists manufactures 80% of their arms and looted others from the security forces.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-21/delhi/35952735_1_maoists-cadres-dandakaranya-bastar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110160958/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-21/delhi/35952735_1_maoists-cadres-dandakaranya-bastar | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 November 2013 | title=LTTE training, police ammo strengthened Reds | date=21 December 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref> [[Kishenji]] was one of the commanders-in-chief of the PLGA who oversaw several attacks.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Flood |first1=Derek Henry |year=2010 |title=Kishenji:A Profile of the Leader of the Indian Maoist Insurgency |journal=Militant Leadership Monitor |publisher=The Jamestown Foundation |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=8–11 |url=http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/Militant_Leadership_Monitor_-_Volume_I__Issue_4.pdf |accessdate=31 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409083455/http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/Militant_Leadership_Monitor_-_Volume_I__Issue_4.pdf |archivedate=9 April 2011 }}</ref>
The PLGA is controlled by the [[Central Military Commission]] of the CPI (Maoist).<ref name="guerrilla warfare">{{cite web | url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article192205.ece?service=print | title=Dantawade a pointer to Maoist guerrilla warfare | work=The New Indian Express | date=8 April 2010 | accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> The analyses in September 2013, based on [[Maoist]]s' intercepted communication, suggested that the estimated number of PLGA members had decreased (from 10,000−12,000)<ref name="T-September">{{citation |title=Top Maoist Leader Ganapathi Admits To Leadership Crisis in Party |url=http://www.tehelka.com/top-maoist-leader-ganapathi-admits-to-leadership-crisis-in-party/ |author=Ushinor Majumdar |publisher=[[Tehelka]] |date=19 September 2013 |accessdate=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016003451/http://www.tehelka.com/top-maoist-leader-ganapathi-admits-to-leadership-crisis-in-party/ |archive-date=16 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> to 8,000−9,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reds in retreat |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/reds-in-retreat-113092700488_1.html |first1=R. |last1=Krishna Das |first2=Sahil |last2=Makkar |first3=Probal |last3=Basak |first4=Dillip |last4=Satapathy |date=27 September 2013 |accessdate=15 October 2013 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> Recently in March 2014, [[Gautam Navlakha]] has claimed that the PLGA's strength did not decrease but has increased, however, the guerrilla zone has been geographically reduced. He writes that "the number of companies and platoons of PLGA increased from 8 [[Company (military unit)|companies]] and 13 [[Platoon (military unit)|platoons]] in 2008 to 12 companies and more than 25 platoons, plus a supply platoon in 2013."<ref name="Gautam">{{cite web| title=Ambush amplifies a struggle |url=http://sanhati.com/excerpted/9499/ |first1=Gautam |last1=Navlakha |author-link=Gautam Navlakha |publisher=Sanhati |date=30 March 2014 |accessdate=16 May 2014}}</ref> All the PLGA members are volunteers and they do not receive any wages.<ref name="Walking with the Comrades">{{cite web | author-link=Arundhati Roy | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?264738-0 | title=Walking with the Comrades | publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] | date=29 March 2010 | accessdate=15 October 2013 | last1=Roy | first1=Arundhati | quote=It is an entirely voluntary army. Nobody is paid a salary.}}</ref> The count of ''Jan'' (People's) Militia is around 38,000 which is mostly composed of the tribal people who uses bows and arrows as their weapons and allegedly provide logistical support to the PLGA.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/08/2013812124328669128.html | title=Analysis: India's Maoist challenge | first1=Kamal | last1=Kumar | publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] | date=24 August 2013 | accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> During her visit to the Maoist's guerrilla zones few years back, [[Arundhati Roy]] noted that the PLGA was 45% female,<ref name="Walking with the Comrades" /> but the recent analyses suggests that now the female comrades compose 60% of the PLGA.<ref name="T-September"/> Now, the women commanders heads 20 of the 27 divisions in the [[Red corridor]].<ref name="Gautam"/> It has a military intelligence wing, Central Instruction Team and the Central Action Team.<ref name="guerrilla warfare" /> Maoists manufactures 80% of their arms and looted others from the security forces.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-21/delhi/35952735_1_maoists-cadres-dandakaranya-bastar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110160958/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-21/delhi/35952735_1_maoists-cadres-dandakaranya-bastar | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 November 2013 | title=LTTE training, police ammo strengthened Reds | date=21 December 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref> [[Kishenji]] was one of the commanders-in-chief of the PLGA who oversaw several attacks.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Flood |first1=Derek Henry |year=2010 |title=Kishenji:A Profile of the Leader of the Indian Maoist Insurgency |journal=Militant Leadership Monitor |publisher=The Jamestown Foundation |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=8–11 |url=http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/Militant_Leadership_Monitor_-_Volume_I__Issue_4.pdf |accessdate=31 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409083455/http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/Militant_Leadership_Monitor_-_Volume_I__Issue_4.pdf |archivedate=9 April 2011 }}</ref>


== Notable attacks ==
== Notable attacks ==
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{{Reflist|30em}}


{{Template:Communist Party of India (Maoist)}}
{{Communist Party of India (Maoist)}}


[[Category:2004 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in India]]
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[[Category:Maoist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Maoist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 2004]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 2004]]
[[Category:Military wings of political parties]]
[[Category:Military wings of socialist parties]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Volunteer organisations in India]]
[[Category:Volunteer organisations in India]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]

Latest revision as of 00:57, 19 August 2022


For other uses, see Communist Party of India (disambiguation).


People's Liberation Guerrilla Army
जन मुक्ति सेना
LeaderMuppala Lakshmana Rao
Dates of operation2 December 2000 (2000-12-02) – present
Allegiance Communist Party of India (Maoist)
Ideology
Political positionFar-left
Size12,000 (peak[when?])
OpponentsTemplate:Country data Republic of India
Battles and warsNaxalite-Maoist insurgency

The People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA) is the armed wing of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned political organisation in India[1] which aims to overthrow the Indian Government through protracted people's war.[2]

Background[edit]

The People's Liberation Guerrilla Army was founded on 2 December 2000[3] and known as the People's Guerrilla Army (PGA) by the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War, also known as the People's War Group.[4] The PLGA was founded on the first death anniversary of their three Central Committee members, who were killed in an encounter in Koyyuru.[5] In 2004, when the People's War Group merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCCI) to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist), their respective armed wings also merged.[6] Therefore, the People's Guerrilla Army (the military wing of the People's War Group) and the People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (the military wing of MCCI) combined to form the People's Liberation Guerrilla Army.[7]

Composition[edit]

The PLGA is controlled by the Central Military Commission of the CPI (Maoist).[8] The analyses in September 2013, based on Maoists' intercepted communication, suggested that the estimated number of PLGA members had decreased (from 10,000−12,000)[9] to 8,000−9,000.[10] Recently in March 2014, Gautam Navlakha has claimed that the PLGA's strength did not decrease but has increased, however, the guerrilla zone has been geographically reduced. He writes that "the number of companies and platoons of PLGA increased from 8 companies and 13 platoons in 2008 to 12 companies and more than 25 platoons, plus a supply platoon in 2013."[11] All the PLGA members are volunteers and they do not receive any wages.[12] The count of Jan (People's) Militia is around 38,000 which is mostly composed of the tribal people who uses bows and arrows as their weapons and allegedly provide logistical support to the PLGA.[13] During her visit to the Maoist's guerrilla zones few years back, Arundhati Roy noted that the PLGA was 45% female,[12] but the recent analyses suggests that now the female comrades compose 60% of the PLGA.[9] Now, the women commanders heads 20 of the 27 divisions in the Red corridor.[11] It has a military intelligence wing, Central Instruction Team and the Central Action Team.[8] Maoists manufactures 80% of their arms and looted others from the security forces.[14] Kishenji was one of the commanders-in-chief of the PLGA who oversaw several attacks.[15]

Notable attacks[edit]

On 6 April 2010, an attack on Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) in their camp in Dantewada district, Chhattisgarh killed 76 CRPF personnel.[16] This is considered to be the biggest attack by the armed wing of the Maoist. On 25 May 2013, the PLGA targeted the convoy of Congress leaders in Chhattisgarh; twenty-seven people died, including Mahendra Karma, the founder of Salwa Judum. Karma had been the main target.[17][18]

On 4 April 2021, Chhattisgarh Naxal attack, A group of an estimated 400 Maoists, armed with LMGs, had ambushed security forces deployed for a special operation, killing at least 22 personnel and injuring 30 others, besides decamping with over a dozen sophisticated arms.[19]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Centre bans CPI (Maoist)". The Hindu. 23 June 2009. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  2. ↑ "Maoists will overthrow govt much before 2050 : Kishenji". The Times of India. 6 March 2010. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  3. ↑ "CPI (Maoist) marks PLGA anniversary with mass contact programmes". The Times of India. 17 December 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  4. ↑ "People's Guerrilla Army, Left Wing Extremists". satp.org. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  5. ↑ Reddy, K. Srinivas (5 December 2010). "Formation of PLGA a turning point in the Maoist movement". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  6. ↑ "PW, MCCI merge to form CPI (Maoist)". Business Line. 15 October 2004. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  7. ↑ "Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist)". satp.org. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Dantawade a pointer to Maoist guerrilla warfare". The New Indian Express. 8 April 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ushinor Majumdar (19 September 2013), Top Maoist Leader Ganapathi Admits To Leadership Crisis in Party, Tehelka, archived from the original on 16 October 2013, retrieved 15 October 2013
  10. ↑ Krishna Das, R.; Makkar, Sahil; Basak, Probal; Satapathy, Dillip (27 September 2013). "Reds in retreat". Business Standard. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Navlakha, Gautam (30 March 2014). "Ambush amplifies a struggle". Sanhati. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Roy, Arundhati (29 March 2010). "Walking with the Comrades". Outlook. Retrieved 15 October 2013. It is an entirely voluntary army. Nobody is paid a salary.
  13. ↑ Kumar, Kamal (24 August 2013). "Analysis: India's Maoist challenge". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  14. ↑ "LTTE training, police ammo strengthened Reds". The Times of India. 21 December 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  15. ↑ Flood, Derek Henry (2010). "Kishenji:A Profile of the Leader of the Indian Maoist Insurgency" (PDF). Militant Leadership Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation. 1 (4): 8–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  16. ↑ "76 security men killed by Naxals in Chhattisgarh".
  17. ↑ "Chhattisgarh attack: In 4-page note, Maoists state why they targeted Congress leaders". NDTV. 28 May 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  18. ↑ "We punished Karma for launching Salwa Judum: Maoists". India Today. 28 May 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  19. ↑ "Chhattisgarh encounter: Who is Maoist leader Hidma, man behind the ambush of 22 soldiers?".

Template:Communist Party of India (Maoist)

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