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{{Short description|Fort in Vasai, Maharashtra, India}} | {{Short description|Fort in Vasai, Maharashtra, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} | ||
{{No footnotes|article|date=February | {{No footnotes|article|date=February 2008}} | ||
{{Infobox military installation | {{Infobox military installation | ||
| name = Fort Vasai | | name = Fort Vasai | ||
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===Pre-Portuguese Era=== | ===Pre-Portuguese Era=== | ||
The [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] merchant [[Cosma Indicopleustes]] is known to have visited the areas around [[Vasai]] in the 6th century and the [[Tang dynasty|Chinese]] traveller [[Xuanzang]] later on June or July 640. According to historian [[José Gerson da Cunha]], during this time, [[Vasai]] and its surrounding areas appeared to have been ruled by the [[Chalukya dynasty]] of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{harvnb|Da Cunha|1999|p=129|Ref=dc}}</ref> | The [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] merchant [[Cosma Indicopleustes]] is known to have visited the areas around [[Vasai]] in the 6th century and the [[Tang dynasty|Chinese]] traveller [[Xuanzang]] later on June or July 640. According to historian [[José Gerson da Cunha]], during this time, [[Vasai]] and its surrounding areas appeared to have been ruled by the [[Chalukya dynasty]] of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{harvnb|Da Cunha|1999|p=129|Ref=dc}}</ref> | ||
Until the 11th century, several [[Arabian]] geographers had mentioned references to towns nearby [[Vasai]], like [[Thane]] and [[Nala Sopara]], but no references had been made to [[Vasai]].<ref>{{harvnb|Da Cunha|1999|p=130|Ref=dc}}</ref> [[Vasai]] was later ruled by the [[Silhara dynasty]] of [[Konkan]] and eventually passed to the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Seuna dynasty]]. It was head of district under the Seuna (1184-1318). Later being conquered by the [[Gujarat Sultanate]],<ref>{{harvnb|Da Cunha|1999|p=131|Ref=dc}}</ref> a few years later [[Duarte Barbosa|Barbosa]] (1514) described it under the name '''Baxay''' (pronounced Basai) as a town with a good seaport belonging to the [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|king]] of [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Thane/places_b.html|title=Chapter 19: Places|date=20 December 2006|website=Thane District Gazetteer|access-date=25 July | Until the 11th century, several [[Arabian]] geographers had mentioned references to towns nearby [[Vasai]], like [[Thane]] and [[Nala Sopara]], but no references had been made to [[Vasai]].<ref>{{harvnb|Da Cunha|1999|p=130|Ref=dc}}</ref> [[Vasai]] was later ruled by the [[Silhara dynasty]] of [[Konkan]] and eventually passed to the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Seuna dynasty]]. It was head of district under the Seuna (1184-1318). Later being conquered by the [[Gujarat Sultanate]],<ref>{{harvnb|Da Cunha|1999|p=131|Ref=dc}}</ref> a few years later [[Duarte Barbosa|Barbosa]] (1514) described it under the name '''Baxay''' (pronounced Basai) as a town with a good seaport belonging to the [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|king]] of [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Thane/places_b.html|title=Chapter 19: Places|date=20 December 2006|website=Thane District Gazetteer|access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> | ||
===Portuguese Era=== | ===Portuguese Era=== | ||
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At the time, the cession of [[Mumbai (Bombay)]] was of minor importance, but retroactively it gained a place on the world map when the place passed from the Portuguese to the [[East India Company]] in 1661, as part of the [[dowry of Catherine Braganza]]. It became a major trade centre, the treaty's most important long-term result. | At the time, the cession of [[Mumbai (Bombay)]] was of minor importance, but retroactively it gained a place on the world map when the place passed from the Portuguese to the [[East India Company]] in 1661, as part of the [[dowry of Catherine Braganza]]. It became a major trade centre, the treaty's most important long-term result. | ||
Vasai (Bassein) became the northern territory's headquarters after the [[Treaty of Bassein (1534)|16th-century treaty]] with the [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]]. In the [[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay-Bassein|Portuguese era]], the fort was styled as the Northern Court (''Corte da Norte''), second only to the Portuguese viceroy of the East in the city of [[Velha Goa]]. For over 150 years, the Portuguese presence made the surrounding area a vibrant and opulent city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/Forts.aspx?strpage=VasaiFort.html|title=Vasai Fort|website=Maharashtra Tourism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917163134/https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/Forts.aspx?strpage=VasaiFort.html|archive-date=17 September 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=25 July | Vasai (Bassein) became the northern territory's headquarters after the [[Treaty of Bassein (1534)|16th-century treaty]] with the [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]]. In the [[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay-Bassein|Portuguese era]], the fort was styled as the Northern Court (''Corte da Norte''), second only to the Portuguese viceroy of the East in the city of [[Velha Goa]]. For over 150 years, the Portuguese presence made the surrounding area a vibrant and opulent city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/Forts.aspx?strpage=VasaiFort.html|title=Vasai Fort|website=Maharashtra Tourism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917163134/https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/Forts.aspx?strpage=VasaiFort.html|archive-date=17 September 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/treasures/fort/vasai-fort|title=Vasai Fort|website=Maharashtra Tourism|access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> The Bassein and its surroundings were the largest Portuguese territory, including places such as [[Chaul]]-[[Revdanda]], Caranja, the Bombay Archipelago, Bandra Island, Juhu Island, [[Salsette Island]] including the city of [[Thane]], Dharavi Island, the Bassein archipelago, [[Daman and Diu|Daman]], [[Diu, India|Diu]] | ||
The community known as the "Bombay East Indians" were called ''[[Norteiro]]s'' (Northern men) after the Court of the North, based in the fort. | The community known as the "Bombay East Indians" were called ''[[Norteiro]]s'' (Northern men) after the Court of the North, based in the fort. | ||
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The fort is also a popular shooting location for [[Bollywood]] movies and songs. The [[Bollywood]] hit ″[[Kambakkht Ishq]]″ from [[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]], [[Poster Lagwa Do]] from [[Luka Chuppi]] are Bollywood songs short at the fort. Movies such as [[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]], starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], and [[Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega]] have a number of scenes from the fort. Other films shot here include [[Khamoshi (1970 film)|Khamoshi]] and [[Ram Gopal Varma|Ram Gopal Verma's]] [[Aag (2007 film)|Aag]]. | The fort is also a popular shooting location for [[Bollywood]] movies and songs. The [[Bollywood]] hit ″[[Kambakkht Ishq]]″ from [[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]], [[Poster Lagwa Do]] from [[Luka Chuppi]] are Bollywood songs short at the fort. Movies such as [[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]], starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], and [[Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega]] have a number of scenes from the fort. Other films shot here include [[Khamoshi (1970 film)|Khamoshi]] and [[Ram Gopal Varma|Ram Gopal Verma's]] [[Aag (2007 film)|Aag]]. | ||
The fort was also one of the shooting locations for the international hit song '[[Hymn for the Weekend]]' by British band [[Coldplay]]. The fort showcased at the start and in between is the Vasai Fort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BBGXbEzEYPv/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BBGXbEzEYPv |archive-date=26 December 2021 |url-access=registration|title=Ben Mor on Instagram|last=Mor|first=Ben|date=29 January 2016|website=Instagram|access-date=25 July | The fort was also one of the shooting locations for the international hit song '[[Hymn for the Weekend]]' by British band [[Coldplay]]. The fort showcased at the start and in between is the Vasai Fort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BBGXbEzEYPv/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BBGXbEzEYPv |archive-date=26 December 2021 |url-access=registration|title=Ben Mor on Instagram|last=Mor|first=Ben|date=29 January 2016|website=Instagram|access-date=25 July 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BBGgH5lvi8Y |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BBGgH5lvi8Y |archive-date=26 December 2021 |url-access=registration|title=Black Dog Films on Instagram|date=29 January 2016|website=Instagram|publisher=Black Dog Films|access-date=25 July 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The video features [[Beyoncé]] and [[India]]n actress [[Sonam Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sonam-and-Beyonce-feature-in-new-Coldplay-single/articleshow/50755490.cms|title=Sonam and Beyonce feature in new ‘Coldplay’ single|last=Lohana|first=Avinash|date=28 January 2016|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016074605/https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sonam-and-Beyonce-feature-in-new-Coldplay-single/articleshow/50755490.cms|archive-date=16 October 2017|access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> The video has over 960 million views on [[YouTube]] as of July 2018, becoming the second most-viewed music video for [[Coldplay]] (after "[[Something Just like This]]"). | ||
The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] has started restoration work of the fort, although the quality of the work has been severely criticised by "conservation activists".{{Citation needed|date=July | The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] has started restoration work of the fort, although the quality of the work has been severely criticised by "conservation activists".{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}} | ||
[[File:Chimaji Appa Memorial 01.jpg|thumb|Chimaji Appa Memorial]] | [[File:Chimaji Appa Memorial 01.jpg|thumb|Chimaji Appa Memorial]] | ||
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== Accessibility == | == Accessibility == | ||
To visit the Vasai Fort,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUpC1BpKp9g |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/dUpC1BpKp9g |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Vasai Fort - How to go & history of Vasai Fort}}{{cbignore}}</ref> take a Western Railways train bound to Virar from Churchgate in Mumbai and alight at the Vasai Road Railway Station. If you are departing from the Central Railway or Central Railway Harbour Line, then you have to switch to the Western Railway line at either Dadar, Bandra or Andheri. Another railway line connects the Central and the Western Railways lines from Vasai Road Railway Station to Diva, a stop just beyond Thane city on the Central Railway line, and long-distance passenger trains travelling this route also carry commuters between the two lines. There is a railway station named Kopar between Diva and Dombivli. Passengers travelling from Thane or Kalyan can alight at Kopar and walk up the staircase and to Platform No. 3 where they can catch the Diva to Vasai train. The Vasai Road station is only an hour by train from Kopar station. Currently, there are 5 trains daily which goes to Vasai Road from Dombivli, Diva and Panvel and 5 trains from Vasai Road to Diva and Panvel. There is a State Road Transport Bus Terminus & Station adjacent and to the immediate west of the Vasai Road Railway Station in Manickpur-Navghar. The destination for buses going to the Vasai Fort is "Killa Bunder" or "Fort Jetty/Quay". There are buses every half-hour. Ticket cost ₹ 15 per person and you can alight at the last stop and walk around. Auto rickshaws are also available, which can be hired from the western entrance to the railway station but cost more per head and are regarded as unsafe in that they are usually congested. Auto rickshaws are also available, which can be hired from the main road outside the station but it is ₹ 40 per person.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timetotravel.co.in/2010/01/vasai-fort.html|title=Vasai Fort - How to go, places to visit, things to do|date=1 January 2010|website=Time to Travel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184833/http://www.timetotravel.co.in/2010/01/vasai-fort.html|archive-date=5 February 2018|access-date=25 July | To visit the Vasai Fort,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUpC1BpKp9g |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/dUpC1BpKp9g |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Vasai Fort - How to go & history of Vasai Fort}}{{cbignore}}</ref> take a Western Railways train bound to Virar from Churchgate in Mumbai and alight at the Vasai Road Railway Station. If you are departing from the Central Railway or Central Railway Harbour Line, then you have to switch to the Western Railway line at either Dadar, Bandra or Andheri. Another railway line connects the Central and the Western Railways lines from Vasai Road Railway Station to Diva, a stop just beyond Thane city on the Central Railway line, and long-distance passenger trains travelling this route also carry commuters between the two lines. There is a railway station named Kopar between Diva and Dombivli. Passengers travelling from Thane or Kalyan can alight at Kopar and walk up the staircase and to Platform No. 3 where they can catch the Diva to Vasai train. The Vasai Road station is only an hour by train from Kopar station. Currently, there are 5 trains daily which goes to Vasai Road from Dombivli, Diva and Panvel and 5 trains from Vasai Road to Diva and Panvel. There is a State Road Transport Bus Terminus & Station adjacent and to the immediate west of the Vasai Road Railway Station in Manickpur-Navghar. The destination for buses going to the Vasai Fort is "Killa Bunder" or "Fort Jetty/Quay". There are buses every half-hour. Ticket cost ₹ 15 per person and you can alight at the last stop and walk around. Auto rickshaws are also available, which can be hired from the western entrance to the railway station but cost more per head and are regarded as unsafe in that they are usually congested. Auto rickshaws are also available, which can be hired from the main road outside the station but it is ₹ 40 per person.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timetotravel.co.in/2010/01/vasai-fort.html|title=Vasai Fort - How to go, places to visit, things to do|date=1 January 2010|website=Time to Travel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184833/http://www.timetotravel.co.in/2010/01/vasai-fort.html|archive-date=5 February 2018|access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> | ||
== Gallery == | == Gallery == | ||
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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* {{cite web|last=Rossa|first=Walter|title=Vasai Fort: Historical Background and Urbanism|date=2012|url=http://www.hpip.org/def/en/Contents/Navigation/GeographicToponymicNavigation/Place?a=567|publisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence|access-date=29 July | * {{cite web|last=Rossa|first=Walter|title=Vasai Fort: Historical Background and Urbanism|date=2012|url=http://www.hpip.org/def/en/Contents/Navigation/GeographicToponymicNavigation/Place?a=567|publisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence|access-date=29 July 2015}} | ||
* {{cite web|last=Mendiratta|first=Sidh Losa|title=St. Sebastian Fort: Military Architecture|date=2012|url=http://www.hpip.org/Default/en/Homepage/Entry?a=323|publisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence|access-date=29 July | * {{cite web|last=Mendiratta|first=Sidh Losa|title=St. Sebastian Fort: Military Architecture|date=2012|url=http://www.hpip.org/Default/en/Homepage/Entry?a=323|publisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence|access-date=29 July 2015}} | ||
* {{cite web|last=Mendiratta|first=Sidh Losa|title=Dispositivos do Sistema Defensivo da Província do Norte do Estado da Índia (1521-1739)|date=2012|url=https://www.academia.edu/8707147/DISPOSITIVOS_DO_SISTEMA_DEFENSIVO_DA_PROV%C3%8DNCIA_DO_NORTE_DO_ESTADO_DA_%C3%8DNDIA_1521-1739|publisher=PhD Thesis, Coimbra University}} | * {{cite web|last=Mendiratta|first=Sidh Losa|title=Dispositivos do Sistema Defensivo da Província do Norte do Estado da Índia (1521-1739)|date=2012|url=https://www.academia.edu/8707147/DISPOSITIVOS_DO_SISTEMA_DEFENSIVO_DA_PROV%C3%8DNCIA_DO_NORTE_DO_ESTADO_DA_%C3%8DNDIA_1521-1739|publisher=PhD Thesis, Coimbra University}} | ||